DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparison of the Quality of Life Using the Human Development Index Based on the Global Supply Chain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparison of the Quality of Life Using the Human Development Index Based on the Global Supply Chain View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ExcelingTech Publishing904 Company (E-Journals) Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2019 Comparison of the Quality of Life Using the Human Development Index Based on the Global Supply Chain Askar Nailevich Mustafin1*, Nataliya Sergeevna Seliverstova1, Jaroslav Gonos2 , Viera Ivankova2 1Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Department of Economic Theory and Econometrics, Kazan Federal University 2University of Prešov, Faculty of Management, Department of Economic Sciences and Economy [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Quality of life and methods of its of values of the HDI index in Slovakia over ten measurement are topics that are quickly becoming years and compared with a development in the the subject of both professional and social discussions countries of the EU [11]. based on the global supply chain. The basic idea of The relationship between the economic success and this article is to compare the quality of life in the socio-economic indicators has always been Russian Federation and Germany. These are discussed and investigated in the economic powerful economies that offer an interesting literature, for example Pourmohammadi and confrontation. We also contribute to this comparison Valibeigi identified the interactions between using Slovakia as an example of the confrontation of quality of life indicator and eegional development large and economically strong countries with a small [9], [23-28]. Bechtel investigated the relationship country. The main indicator for expressing the between GDP and HDI index, Ulas and Keskin confirmed a positive correlation between HDI and quality of human life in the article is the Human economic performances [1], [18]-[21]. Development Index (HDI), based on which we used a In the first part of the paper, we tried to comparative analysis. The first part of the article characterize the index and to analyze the indicators provides a theoretical framework and characteristics that it works with. In the second part, we analyzed of indicators. In the second part of the article, we the values of the HDI of selected countries in the analyzed the 10-year development of the selected set time horizon and dealt with the nature of their countries' indicators. The results show a positive development, or the facts that have a major impact trend in the growth of quality of life, where Germany on their development. is clearly the leader among the selected countries, and we can state the gradual slow convergence of the 1.1 Human Development Index Russian and Slovak economy to the German one. Keywords— Quality of life, HDI, comparative analysis, The aim of UNDP was thus to create such an Russia, global supply chain, Germany, Slovakia. indicator which would represent the quality of human capital more effectively and more 1. Introduction objectively. Man is controlled by his active needs, and the variety allows you to use entrepreneurs in various directions of stimulus of improvement of Nowadays, when a professional and general quality of human capital: from the creation of attention is focused on the development of conditions to meet the lower biological needs, to countries, the human development index is creation of comfortable social and psychological increasingly mentioned as one of the factors of environment [5]. Therefore, this index works not measuring a human welfare. Since 1990, the United only with economic indicators but it also uses Nations Development Programme (UNDP) uneconomical indicators because their prepares reports about human development. The implementation provides better information value HDI was created to emphasize that people and their of the monitored index. The HDI is one of the capabilities should be the ultimate criteriafor aggregated indicators measuring the progress of assessing the development of a country, not society in three dimensions relating to health, economic growth alone [1-14]. This argument is education and living standards of the population.It reinforced by the fact that many studies deal with a means that the country can be a leader in economic human development and quality of life [2], [8], [15- statistics but people live there in anxiety, illiterate 22]. Soltes and Novakova evaluated a development and without a possibility of education. For people, ______________________________________________________________ International Journal of Supply Chain Management IJSCM, ISSN: 2050-7399 (Online), 2051-3771 (Print) Copyright © ExcelingTech Pub, UK (http://excelingtech.co.uk/) 905 Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2019 it is much more important whether they live long method. It reaches the values in the interval <0,1> and healthy, have unlimited access to education or and based on it, it is possible to make the to such a basic material as water in global supply categorizations of countries into developed and chain. Or whether they can contribute to the developing and it uses 4 zones according to the country’s development without any limitations as level of reached index value and it is a very high mentioned by sociologists who prepare the report. human development, high human development, This index is standardized and internationally medium human development and low human comparable if it is calculated by using the same development [13], [23]. Fig. 1. Human development index and its components Source: [14] The health dimension is assessed by life analysis model as an alternative to the HDI. In expectancy at birth, the education dimension is criticizing the nature of the HDI, Hou et al. measured by mean of years of schooling for adults proposed a different way of constructing the HDI in aged 25 years and more and expected years of terms of capturing the pure flow of human schooling for children of school entering age. The development in the areas of material well-being, standard of living dimension is measured by gross health, and education [3]. Based on a comparison, national income per capita. The HDI uses the authors proposed the HDIF that replaces the HDI. logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing HDI simplifies and captures only part of what importance of income with increasing GNI. The human development brings. It does not reflect scores for the three HDI dimension indices are then inequalities, poverty, human security, aggregated into a composite index using geometric empowerment, etc. The HDRO offers additional mean [14] , [25]. composite indexes to replace some key issues of Kilimova pointed out the relationship between human development, inequality, gender inequality human development and quality of life through a and poverty [14]. comparative analysis of the HDI ranking of a number of countries during the economic crisis [4]. 1.2 Inequality-Adjusted Human It is revealed that the quality of life becomes Development Index (IHDI) evident in the subjective satisfaction of population with life and possibility to achieve full potential; While the HDI can be viewed as an index of the quality of life is reflected in a number of average achievements in human development objective characteristics. Being a complex dimensions, the IHDI is the level of human category, the quality of life is a guarantee not only development when the distribution of achievements of human society development but also of human across people in the society is accounted for. The physical and social health. On the one hand, human IHDI will be equal to the HDI when there is no potential and its development is the basis of social- inequality but falls below the HDI as inequality economic growth, and, on the other, it is the basis rises. The difference between the IHDI and HDI is of the population safety. Author used a comparative the human development cost of inequality, also analysis of the HDI ranking of a number of termed – the loss to human development due to countries during the economic crisis is presented. inequality. The IHDI combines a country’s average Nuhu et al. examined the effect of healthcare achievements in health, education and income with spending on the relationship between the HDI and how those achievements are distributed among maternal and neonatal mortality. Their results show country’s population by “discounting” each that higher healthcare spending among countries dimension’s average value according to its level of with low HDI could improve outcomes of maternal inequality. Thus, the IHDI is distribution-sensitive and neonatal mortality [7], [24]. The study by van average level of HD. Two countries with different den Bergh and Botzen considers the HDI index as distributions of achievements can have the same an alternative criterion for judging the welfare average HDI value. Under perfect equality the effects of climate policy [12]. IHDI is equal to the HDI, but falls below the HDI On the other hand, Qiu et al. expressed potential when inequality rises.The IHDI is calculated for defects of HDI and proposed a Bayesian factor 151 countries [15]. 906 Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2019 1.3 Gender Development Index (GDI) 2. Methods The GDI measures gender gaps in human In this paper, basic scientific methods such as development achievements by accounting for observation, the method of comparing, disparities between women and men in three basic generalizing, analysis and synthesis were used. dimensions of human development—health, These methods of a cognitive cycle were used at knowledge and living standards using the same the same time in several steps. The method of component indicators as in the HDI. The GDI is the comparison was based on a systematic and ratio of the HDIs calculated separately for females purposeful perception of a subject and a given and males using the same methodology as in the issue. One of the quantitative methods of HDI. It is a direct measure of gender gap showing processing the outputs was the use of contingency the female HDI as a percentage of the male HDI.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Social Progress Index Background and US Implementation
    Ideas + Action for a Better City learn more at SPUR.org tweet about this event: @SPUR_Urbanist #SocialProgress The Social Progress Index Background and US Implementation www.socialprogress.org We need a new model “Economic growth alone is not sufficient to advance societies and improve the quality of life of citizens. True success, and Michael E. Porter Harvard Business growth that is inclusive, School and Social requires achieving Progress Imperative both economic and Advisory Board Chair social progress.” 2 Social Progress Index design principles As a complement to economic measures like GDP, SPI answers universally important questions about the success of society that measures of economic progress cannot alone address. 4 2019 Social Progress Index aggregates 50+ social and environmental outcome indicators from 149 countries 5 GDP is not destiny Across the spectrum, we see how some countries are much better at turning their economic growth into social progress than 2019 Social Progress Index Score Index Progress Social 2019 others. GDP PPP per capita (in USD) 6 6 From Index to Action to Impact Delivering local data and insight that is meaningful, relevant and actionable London Borough of Barking & Dagenham ward-level SPI holds US city-level SPIs empower government accountable to ensure mayors, business and civic leaders no one is left behind left behind with new insight to prioritize policies and investments European Union regional SPI provides a roadmap for policymakers to guide €350 billion+ in EU Cohesion Policy spending state and
    [Show full text]
  • The Human Development Index: Measuring the Quality of Life
    Student Resource XIV The Human Development Index: Measuring the Quality of Life The ‘Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development’ (UNDP). It is a measure closely related to quality of life, and is used to compare two or more countries. The United Nations developed the HDI based on three main dimensions: long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living (see Image below). Figure 1: Indicators of HDI Source: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi In 2015, the United States ranked 8th among all countries in Human Development, ranking behind countries like Norway, Australia, Switzerland, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany and Ireland (UNDP, 2015). The closer a country is to 1.0 on the HDI index, the better its standing in regards to human development. Maps of HDI ranking reveal regional patterns, such as the low HDI in Sub-Saharan Africa (Figure 2). Figure 2. The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) rankings for 2014 17 Use Student Resource XIII, Measuring Quality of Life Country Statistics to answer the following questions: 1. Categorize the countries into three groups based on their GNI PPP (US$), which relates to their income. List them here. High Income: Medium Income: Low Income: 2. Is there a relationship between income and any of the other statistics listed in the table, such as access to electricity, undernourishment, or access to physicians (or others)? Describe at least two patterns here. 3. There are several factors we can look at to measure a country's quality of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring Well-Being and Progress: Looking Beyond
    Measuring well-being and progress Looking beyond GDP SUMMARY Gross domestic product (GDP), a measure of national economic production, has come to be used as a general measure of well-being and progress in society, and as a key indicator in deciding a wide range of public policies. However GDP does not properly take into account non-economic factors such as social issues and the environment. In the aftermath of the economic and financial crisis, the European Union (EU) needs reliable, transparent and convincing measures for evaluating progress. Indicators of social aspects that play a large role in determining citizens' well-being are increasingly being used to supplement economic measures. Health, education and social relationships play a large role in determining citizens' well-being. Subjective evaluations of well-being can also be used as a measure of progress. Moreover, changes in the environment caused by economic activities (in particular depletion of non-renewable resources and increased greenhouse gas emissions) need to be evaluated so as to ensure that today's development is sustainable for future generations. The EU and its Member States, as well as international bodies, have a role in ensuring that we have accurate, useful and credible ways of measuring well-being and assessing progress in our societies. In this briefing: Background Objective social indicators Subjective well-being Environment and sustainability EU and international context Further reading Author: Ron Davies, Members' Research Service European Parliamentary Research Service 140738REV1 http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu — http://epthinktank.eu [email protected] Measuring well-being and progress Background The limits of GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period, such as a year.1 It provides a simple and easily communicated monetary value that can be calculated from current market prices and that can be used to make comparisons between different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs
    2018 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs Table of Contents World Happiness Report 2018 Editors: John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs Associate Editors: Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang 1 Happiness and Migration: An Overview . 3 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs 2 International Migration and World Happiness . 13 John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huang, Shun Wang and Hugh Shiplett 3 Do International Migrants Increase Their Happiness and That of Their Families by Migrating? . 45 Martijn Hendriks, Martijn J. Burger, Julie Ray and Neli Esipova 4 Rural-Urban Migration and Happiness in China . 67 John Knight and Ramani Gunatilaka 5 Happiness and International Migration in Latin America . 89 Carol Graham and Milena Nikolova 6 Happiness in Latin America Has Social Foundations . 115 Mariano Rojas 7 America’s Health Crisis and the Easterlin Paradox . 146 Jeffrey D. Sachs Annex: Migrant Acceptance Index: Do Migrants Have Better Lives in Countries That Accept Them? . 160 Neli Esipova, Julie Ray, John Fleming and Anita Pugliese The World Happiness Report was written by a group of independent experts acting in their personal capacities. Any views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization, agency or programme of the United Nations. 2 Chapter 1 3 Happiness and Migration: An Overview John F. Helliwell, Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia, and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Richard Layard, Wellbeing Programme, Centre for Economic Performance, at the London School of Economics and Political Science Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director, SDSN, and Director, Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University The authors are grateful to the Ernesto Illy Foundation and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research for research support, and to Gallup for data access and assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • World Happiness REPORT Edited by John Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs World Happiness Report Edited by John Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs
    World Happiness REPORT Edited by John Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs World Happiness reporT edited by John Helliwell, richard layard and Jeffrey sachs Table of ConTenTs 1. Introduction ParT I 2. The state of World Happiness 3. The Causes of Happiness and Misery 4. some Policy Implications references to Chapters 1-4 ParT II 5. Case study: bhutan 6. Case study: ons 7. Case study: oeCd 65409_Earth_Chapter1v2.indd 1 4/30/12 3:46 PM Part I. Chapter 1. InTrodUCTIon JEFFREY SACHS 2 Jeffrey D. Sachs: director, The earth Institute, Columbia University 65409_Earth_Chapter1v2.indd 2 4/30/12 3:46 PM World Happiness reporT We live in an age of stark contradictions. The world enjoys technologies of unimaginable sophistication; yet has at least one billion people without enough to eat each day. The world economy is propelled to soaring new heights of productivity through ongoing technological and organizational advance; yet is relentlessly destroying the natural environment in the process. Countries achieve great progress in economic development as conventionally measured; yet along the way succumb to new crises of obesity, smoking, diabetes, depression, and other ills of modern life. 1 These contradictions would not come as a shock to the greatest sages of humanity, including Aristotle and the Buddha. The sages taught humanity, time and again, that material gain alone will not fulfi ll our deepest needs. Material life must be harnessed to meet these human needs, most importantly to promote the end of suffering, social justice, and the attainment of happiness. The challenge is real for all parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Health in the EU Denmark DK Country Health Profile 2019 the Country Health Profile Series Contents
    State of Health in the EU Denmark DK Country Health Profile 2019 The Country Health Profile series Contents The State of Health in the EU’s Country Health Profiles 1. HIGHLIGHTS 3 provide a concise and policy-relevant overview of 2. HEALTH IN DENMARK 4 health and health systems in the EU/European Economic 3. RISK FACTORS 7 Area. They emphasise the particular characteristics and challenges in each country against a backdrop of cross- 4. THE HEALTH SYSTEM 9 country comparisons. The aim is to support policymakers 5. PERFORMANCE OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM 12 and influencers with a means for mutual learning and 5.1. Effectiveness 12 voluntary exchange. 5.2. Accessibility 16 The profiles are the joint work of the OECD and the 5.3. Resilience 18 European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 6. KEY FINDINGS 22 in cooperation with the European Commission. The team is grateful for the valuable comments and suggestions provided by the Health Systems and Policy Monitor network, the OECD Health Committee and the EU Expert Group on Health Information. Data and information sources The calculated EU averages are weighted averages of the 28 Member States unless otherwise noted. These EU The data and information in the Country Health Profiles averages do not include Iceland and Norway. are based mainly on national official statistics provided to Eurostat and the OECD, which were validated to This profile was completed in August 2019, based on ensure the highest standards of data comparability. data available in July 2019. The sources and methods underlying these data are To download the Excel spreadsheet matching all the available in the Eurostat Database and the OECD health tables and graphs in this profile, just type the following database.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Progress Index: Districts of India
    SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX: DISTRICTS OF INDIA MAKING SOCIAL PROGRESS MORE INTEGRAL TO THE INDIAN DEVELOPMENT AGENDA Institute for Competitiveness U 24/8 DLF Phase 3 Gurgaon, Haryana 122002 1 PARTNERS ABOUT INSTITUTE FOR COMPETITIVENESS, INDIA Institute for Competitiveness, India is the Indian knot in the global network of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School. Institute for Competitiveness, India is an international initiative centered in India, dedicated to enlarging and purposeful disseminating of the body of research and knowledge on competition and strategy, as pioneered over the last 25 years by Professor Michael Porter of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School. Institute for Competitiveness, India conducts & supports indigenous research; offers academic & executive courses; provides advisory services to the Corporate & the Governments. The institute studies competition and its implications for company strategy; the competitiveness of nations, regions & cities and thus generate guidelines for businesses and those in governance; and suggests & provides solutions for socio-economic problems. ABOUT SOCIAL PROGRESS IMPERATIVE The Social Progress Imperative’s mission is to improve the lives of people around the world, particularly the least well off, by advancing global social progress by: providing a robust, holistic and innovative measurement tool—the Social Progress Index; fostering research and knowledge-sharing on social progress; and equipping leaders and change-makers in business, government and civil society with new tools to guide policies and programs. From the EU to India to Brazil and beyond, the Social Progress Imperative has catalyzed the formation of local action networks that bring together government, businesses, academia, and civil society organizations committed to using the Social Progress Index as a tool to transform societies and improve people’s lives.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 EU Social Progress Index
    THE REGIONAL DIMENSION OF SOCIAL PROGRESS IN EUROPE: Presenting the new EU Social Progress Index Paola Annoni and Paolo Bolsi WORKING PAPER A series of short papers on regional research and indicators produced by the Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy WP 06/2020 Regional and Urban Policy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors would like to thank colleagues in the Policy Development and Economic Analysis Unit of the Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, and in particular Moray Gilland, Head of Unit, Lewis Dijkstra and the Geographic Information System team. They are also particularly grateful to John Walsh of the Evaluation and European Semester Unit, and the webmaster team for their assistance in the development of the web tools and integration on the Open Data Portal for European Structural and Investment Funds. Finally, special thanks to Manuela Scioni of the Department of Statistics of the University of Padua, for her insightful comments on the statistical methodology. LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission Directorate-General for Regional and Urban policy. The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not neces- sarily correspond to those of the European Commission. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © Cover image: iStock/Orbon Alija © European Union, 2020 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. THE REGIONAL
    [Show full text]
  • The Economist Intelligence Unit's Quality-Of-Life Index
    THE WORLD IN 2OO5 Quality-of-life index 1 The Economist Intelligence Unit’s quality-of-life index The Economist Intelligence Unit has developed a new Life-satisfaction surveys “quality of life” index based on a unique methodol- Our starting point for a methodologically improved ogy that links the results of subjective life-satisfaction and more comprehensive measure of quality of life is surveys to the objective determinants of quality of life subjective life-satisfaction surveys (surveys of life satis- across countries. The index has been calculated for 111 faction, as opposed to surveys of the related concept of countries for 2005. This note explains the methodology happiness, are preferred for a number of reasons). These and gives the complete country ranking. surveys ask people the simple question of how satisfi ed they are with their lives in general. A typical question Quality-of-life indices on the four-point scale used in the eu’s Eurobarometer It has long been accepted that material wellbeing, as studies is, “On the whole are you very satisfi ed, fairly measured by gdp per person, cannot alone explain the satisfi ed, not very satisfi ed, or not at all satisfi ed with broader quality of life in a country. One strand of the the life you lead?” literature has tried to adjust gdp by quantifying facets The results of the surveys have been attracting that are omitted by the gdp measure—various non- growing interest in recent years. Despite a range of early market activities and social ills such as environmental criticisms (cultural non-comparability and the effect of pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • DENMARK Country Case Study on the Integrated Delivery of Long-Term Care
    DENMARK Country case study on the integrated delivery of long-term care WHO Regional Office for Europe series on integrated delivery of long-term care DENMARK Country case study on the integrated delivery of long-term care WHO Regional Office for Europe series on integrated delivery of long-term care Abstract This report describes the current state of the delivery of long-term care services in Denmark. Overall, older people enjoy comprehensive high-quality health and long-term care. There is high coverage, low rates of preventable hospitalizations, short waiting times and high beneficiary satisfaction. There is high level of integration of care among providers, fostered also by an information platform. The provision of long-term care emphasizes enabling older people to remain living at home, independently, for as long as possible. Expenditure in health and long-term care is high which puts strain on the sustainability of the system. Keywords LONG-TERM CARE HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE AGED CAREGIVERS INTEGRATED DELIVERY SYSTEMS WOMEN’S HEALTH SERVICES DENMARK Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Social Progress Index: Methodological Note
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL REGIONAL AND URBAN POLICY Economic Analysis Unit THE EU REGIONAL SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX: METHODOLOGICAL NOTE Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 2 2. WHAT IS THE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX? .................................................................... 2 3. WHY AN EU REGIONAL SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX?..................................................... 3 4. HOW WAS THE EU REGIONAL SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX CONSTRUCTED? ................ 3 4.1. Geographical coverage ...................................................................................... 4 4.2. Internal statistical consistency of each component .......................................... 5 4.3. Normalization .................................................................................................... 5 4.4. Type of aggregation ........................................................................................... 6 5. REGIONS’ RELATIVE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES .................................................. 7 6. NEXT STEPS .................................................................................................................. 7 7. EU-SPI MAIN MAPS ...................................................................................................... 9 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................... 11 1. INTRODUCTION This note summarises
    [Show full text]
  • Social Progress Index 2017
    SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2017 BY MICHAEL E. PORTER AND SCOTT STERN SOCIAL WITH MICHAEL GREEN PROGRESS IMPERATIVE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2017 CONTENTS Executive Summary . 1 Chapter 1 / Why We Measure Social Progress . 10 Chapter 2 / How We Measure Social Progress . 14 Chapter 3 / 2017 Social Progress Index Results . 22 Chapter 4 / Global Trends in Social Progress, 2014–2017 . 39 Supplemental Section / From Index to Action to Impact . 55 Appendix A / Defi nitions and Data Sources . 68 Appendix B / 2017 Social Progress Index Full Results . 74 Appendix C / Social Progress Index vs. Log of GDP Per Capita . 79 Appendix D / Country Scorecard Summary . 80 Acknowledgments . 84 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2017 SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX Social progress has become an increasingly critical on average, personal security is no better in middle- agenda for leaders in government, business, and income countries than low-income ones, and is often civil society. Citizens’ demands for better lives are worse. Too many people — regardless of income — evident in uprisings such as the Arab Spring and the live without full rights and experience discrimination emergence of new political movements in even the or even violence based on gender, religion, ethnicity, most prosperous countries, such as the United States or sexual orientation. and France. Since the fi nancial crisis of 2008, citizens are increasingly expecting that business play its role Traditional measures of national income, such as in delivering improvements in the lives of customers GDP per capita, fail to capture the overall progress of and employees, and protecting the environment for societies. us all. This is the social progress imperative.
    [Show full text]