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Environmental Impact Assessment ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT “NIHA EL SHOUF & BATER” HIGHER SHOUF MUNICIPALITIES CAZA OF SHOUF Prepared by EARTH LINK & ADVANCED RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT (ELARD) Submitted to: Catholic Near East Welfare Association PONTIFICAL MISSION March 2004 Environmental Impact Assessment ELARD TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ II LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................VII LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................IX LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS .....................................................................................................X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................XI NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY....................................................................................... XIV INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... XIV LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS ........................................................................... XIV PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT............................................................................................................ XV DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................ XV DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................... XVII IMPACT ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................... XVIII ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. XVIII A. DURING CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................................XX B. DURING DESIGN & OPERATION ........................................................................................XXI 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 1.1. THE OVERALL CONTEXT ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ..................................................................................... 1 1.3. THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................. 5 1.4. THE PROJECT LOCATION................................................................................................. 5 1.5. THE STUDY AND THE EIA REPORT ................................................................................. 6 2. LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS .......................... 7 2.1. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK............................................................................................. 7 2.2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 10 3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................. 11 Wastewater Treatment Plant – Niha El Shouf & Bater ii Environmental Impact Assessment ELARD 3.1. PROJECTS INITIATION ................................................................................................... 11 3.2. IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................... 11 3.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................ 13 3.4. THE EXECUTING OFFICE............................................................................................... 13 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT.............................................................. 14 4.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT......................................................................... 14 4.2. PROCESS THEORY (CONVENTIONAL AND EXTENDED AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS) .................................................................................................................... 15 4.3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................... 16 4.3.1 Process and Technology Selection......................................................................... 16 4.3.2 Site Selection.......................................................................................................... 22 4.4. DETAILED PROCESS DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 26 4.4.1 Standard Extended Aeration Activated Sludge System and TECH UNIVERSAL Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Plus Filtration System................................. 26 4.4.2 HANS-Reactor Activated Sludge System................................................................ 28 4.4.3 ECOLO System ...................................................................................................... 29 4.5. EFFLUENTS CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT.................................................. 32 4.5.1 Liquid Effluent........................................................................................................ 32 4.5.1.1 Liquid Effluent Characteristics.......................................................................... 32 4.5.1.2 Liquid Effluent Management............................................................................. 33 4.5.2 Sludge Effluent....................................................................................................... 33 4.5.2.1 Sludge Characteristics ....................................................................................... 33 4.5.2.2 Sludge Management .......................................................................................... 34 4.5.3 Miscellaneous Wastes ............................................................................................ 34 4.6. PLANT CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................. 35 4.6.1 Extended Aeration Activated Sludge System.......................................................... 35 4.6.2 HANS-Reactor Activated Sludge System................................................................ 36 4.6.3 ECOLO System ...................................................................................................... 36 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT.................................................. 38 5.1. GENERAL SETTING........................................................................................................ 38 Wastewater Treatment Plant – Niha El Shouf & Bater iii Environmental Impact Assessment ELARD 5.2. METEOROLOGICAL SETTING......................................................................................... 40 5.2.1 Precipitation........................................................................................................... 41 5.2.2 Temperatures ......................................................................................................... 43 5.2.3 Winds...................................................................................................................... 43 5.3. SITE SETTING................................................................................................................ 44 5.4. TECTONIC SETTING AND SEISMICITY............................................................................ 46 5.5. GEOLOGICAL SETTING.................................................................................................. 47 5.5.1 Stratigraphy ........................................................................................................... 48 5.5.1.1 Cretaceous.......................................................................................................... 48 5.5.2 Structure................................................................................................................. 50 5.5.3 Hydrogeological Setting ........................................................................................ 50 5.5.3.1 Aquifers ............................................................................................................. 50 5.5.3.2 Aquicludes (Abeih and Hammana aquicludes; C3 -C2b Formation)................... 51 5.5.3.3 Well Survey....................................................................................................... 51 5.5.3.4 Spring Survey.................................................................................................... 52 5.5.4 Hydrogeological Site Setting ................................................................................. 54 5.5.5 Hydrological Setting .............................................................................................. 54 5.6. WATER QUALITY.......................................................................................................... 56 5.6.1 Spring Analysis ...................................................................................................... 56 5.6.2 Barouk River Analysis............................................................................................ 58 5.7. ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT (BIODIVERSITY) ...................................................................... 59 5.8. INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS...........................................................................................
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