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The Pervasive Forager-Solitary Reticulohistiocytoma

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The Pervasive Forager-Solitary Reticulohistiocytoma Cytology & Histology International Journal MEDWIN PUBLISHERS ISSN: 2642-116X Committed to Create Value for Researchers The Pervasive Forager-Solitary Reticulohistiocytoma Bajaj A* Consultant Histopathology, India Mini Review Volume 5 Issue 1 Received Date: March 23, 2021 *Corresponding author: Anubha Bajaj, Consultant Histopathology, A.B. Diagnostics, A-1 Ring Road Rajouri Garden, New Delhi 110027, India, Tel: 00911141446785; Email: anubha.bajaj@ Published Date: April 01, 2021 gmail.com Abstract Solitary reticulohistiocytoma is an exceptional, benign, non-neoplastic, non-Langerhans histiocytic cell proliferation. The stimulus. Reticulohistiocytic lesions are subcategorized into distinct categories as solitary cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma, condition appears as a cytokine-induced, localized collection of histiocytic cells emerging as a reaction to an obscure inflammatory multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma and multi-centric reticulohistiocytosis. Solitary reticulohistiocytoma appears as an isolated, painless nodule at diverse sites and is devoid of systemic symptoms. A diffuse, dermal infiltration of enlarged, mononuclear or multinuclear histiocytic cells is admixed with lymphocytes and foci of dermal fibrosis. Keywords: Solitary reticulohistiocytoma; Lymphocytes; Histiocytic cells; Non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis Abbreviations: WHO: World Health Organization. localization of cytokine-induced aggregates of histiocytes. unexplained inflammatory process which results in Preface Thus, solitary reticulohistiocytoma is a non-neoplastic, cytokine-induced, localized collection of histiocytic cells Solitary reticulohistiocytoma is an exceptional, benign, non-neoplastic histiocytic cell proliferation stimulus. Few instances with a possible traumatic aetiology suchaccumulating as exposure as toa laserreaction therapy to arean documented.obscure inflammatory Therefore, reticulohistiocytoma is additionally denominated as solitary lesions of solitary reticulohistiocytoma with a dermal epithelioidexemplified histiocytoma.as a non-Langerhans Initially cellscripted histiocytosis. by Zak inSolitary 1950, solitary reticulohistiocytoma encompasses lesions with preceding burn or thermal injury [3,4]. diverse clinical manifestations [1]. The lesions can be solitary histiocytic infiltrate may appear at activated sites such as a as discerned in solitary cutaneous reticulohistocytoma Goette et al categorized reticulohistiocytic lesions into or multiple as denominated with multi-centric three distinct categories: reticulohistiocytosis [2]. Reticulohistiocytoma is composed a) Solitary cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma of enlarged, mononuclear, histiocytic cells imbued with b) Multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma vacuolated cytoplasm. An admixture of few multinucleated c) Multi-centric reticulohistiocytosis. cells is observed. Solitary reticulohistiocytoma can be An additional category of solitary non cutaneous appearance [2]. reticulohistiocytoma is denominated wherein lesions of challenging to discern on account of nonspecific clinical the orbit or ocular adnexa may be discerned [3,4]. World Disease Characteristics histiocytic lesions contingent to the cell of origin. Dendritic Of obscure aetiology, lesions of solitary cell-derivedHealth Organization diseases (WHO) are constituted and Histiocyte by SocietyLangerhans classifies cell reticulohistiocytoma appear as a consequence to an histiocytosis, juvenile xanthogranuloma and solitary The Pervasive Forager-Solitary Reticulohistiocytoma Cytol Histol Int J 2 Cytology & Histology International Journal histiocytoma of dendriti cell phenotype [3,4]. Macrophages are immune reactive to lysozyme, CD45 and CD14. Langerhans cells are immune reactive to CD45, S100 Macrophage-derived diseases are denominated by protein and CD1a. Dendritic cells are immune reactive to Rosai-Dorfman disease and solitary histiocytoma with a CD45 and S100 protein [3,4]. Reticulohistiocytoma exhibits macrophage phenotype. Cogent immunohistochemistry a macrophage histiocytic cell lineage with immune reactive highlights cell of origin of pertinent histiocytic lesions. CD68, CD163 and lysozyme [3,4] (Table 1). Immunohisto Disease Age/Gender Clinical Presentation Morphology chemistry Enlarged, mononuclear Solitary skin or soft Reticulohistiocytoma Children, young and multinucleated tissue nodule, orbital, CD163+, CD68+, (solitary epithelioid adults/ male histiocytes, ground glass corneal and limbal alpha-1 antitrypsin+ histiocytoma) predominance cytoplasm, admixed involvement Histiocytes admixed with Miniature bony or inflammatory cells eosinophils, lymphocytes, Langerhans cell Children /no gender multisystem disease, plasma cells, neutrophils. S100+, CD1a+ histiocytosis predilection orbital involvement, lytic Langerhans cells contain defects in the sphenoid Birbeck granules. Skin lesions associated with bilateral, massive, Histiocytes with Children, young Rosai- Dorfman painless, cervical polymorphism, pale, adults/ male S100+, CD68+ Disease lymphadenopathy, low eosinophilic cytoplasm, predominance grade fever, weight loss, emperipolesis leukocytosis Children, young Touton-type histiocytic Juvenile Dermal or subcutaneous adults / male cells, numerous CD68+, Factor XIIIa+ Xanthogranuloma mass predominance eosinophilic granulocytes Epithelioid histiocytes Middle aged/ no Lysozyme+, KiM8+, Histiocytic Sarcoma Skin and soft tissue mass with nuclear atypia and gender predisposition S100+,CD21+,CD35+ mitotic activity Systemic disease with ophthalmic involvement limited to exophthalmos Erdheim-Chester Middle aged/ no histiocytes, lymphocytes, secondary to retrobulbar CD68+, S100-, CD1a- Disease gender predisposition Densemonocytes infiltrates and ofTouton foamy giant cells xanthelasma-like lesion infiltrationon the eyelid. and Table 1: Differential Diagnosis of Histiocytic Lesions [4]. Solitary reticulohistiocytoma appears as an isolated, Clinical Elucidation painless, benign nodule appearing at diverse sites and lacks association with systemic symptoms. Cutaneous lesions of The non-neoplastic, histiocytic proliferation emerges solitary reticulohistiocytoma appear at diverse sites such from macrophages, in contrast to dendritic histiocytic as the head and neck, upper or lower extremities and trunk. Facial lesions are infrequent. Additionally, exceptional lesions surfaces or soft tissues [4]. Solitary reticulohistiocytoma are discerned within the penis, orbit and eyelid. Solitary cells. Histiocytic proliferation is confined to cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma can occur within the ocular region, systemic involvement. The condition predominantly occurs eyelid or epi-bulbar area. Solitary reticulohistiocytoma withinconfigures the adultan isolated population lesion and appearing denominates in the a slightabsence male of is un-associated with systemic disease or malignant predominance [4,5]. Common clinical representation is a metamorphosis [3,4]. painless, yellow or reddish-brown, cutaneous papule of Bajaj A. The Pervasive Forager-Solitary Reticulohistiocytoma. Cytol Histol Int J 2021, 5(1): 000128. Copyright© Bajaj A. 3 Cytology & Histology International Journal magnitude beneath < one centimetre which may gradually Segregation is mandated from conditions such as Rosai- progress. Lesion can be asymptomatic and demonstrate Dorfman disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, juvenile an absence of associated symptoms such as pain, pruritus, xanthogranuloma, histiocytic sarcoma and Erdheim-Chester ulceration or haemorrhage [4,5]. disease [7,8]. Histological Elucidation a) disorder predominantly occurring in children. Classically, lesionsJuvenile denominate xanthogranuloma Touton-type, is an uncommon histiocytic inflammatory giant cells or nodular, tan coloured tissue of variable magnitude is admixed with numerous eosinophilic histiocytic cells Upon gross examination, fleshy, fibrotic, globular incorporated with lipid rich cytoplasm. Cells of juvenile enlarged, mononuclear or multinuclear histiocytic cells is xanthogranuloma are immune reactive to CD68 and observed [5]. On microscopy, diffuse infiltration of numerous Factor XIIIa although Birbeck’s granules are absent [7,8]. b) Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a histiocytic disorder exemplified, predominantly confined to the dermis. Diffuse appearing in children and commonly represents as a lytic withhistiocytic a dense, infiltration pink cytoplasm is admixed designated with lymphocytesas “oncocytic” and or defect implicating the orbit or sphenoid bone. Histiocytes “grounddermal fibrosis. glass” cytoplasm Typically, [5,6]. histiocytic Solitary cells reticulohistiocytoma are incorporated constituting Langerhans cell histiocytosis are imbued is constituted by enlarged, mononuclear and multinucleated with Langerhans cell granules or Birbeck’s granules histiocytic cells incorporated with abundant, eosinophilic which are discernible upon cogent ultrastructural “ground glass” cytoplasm [5,6]. examination. The cells are immune reactive to CD1a and S100 protein [8,9]. Morphological assessment demonstrates a monomorphic c) Rosai- Dorfman disease is additionally denominated as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. The condition demonstrates multiple cutaneous nodules and histiocyticinfiltrate of cells epithelioid [5,6]. Lesions histiocytic are constituted cells extending of mononuclear throughout generalized lymphadenopathy. Constituent histiocytic andthe dermis.multinucleated An infiltrate histiocytes of lymphocytes imbued is admixedwith abundant, with the cells are non-Langerhans cells and
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