Global Sports Impact Report 2017 Masthead / Global Sports Impact Report 2016 Global Sports Impact Report 2017

GSI Report 2017 The Global Sports Impact (GSI) Report 2017

No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form PUBLISHED MAY 2017 or by any means, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without prior written BY SPORTCAL GLOBAL permission, except for permitted fair dealing under the Copyright Designs and Patent Act 1988. COMMUNICATIONS LTD

Application for permission for use of copyright material including permission to Publisher/Editor reproduce extracts in other published works shall be made to Sportcal Global Mike Laflin Communications Ltd. Full acknowledgement of Sportcal Global Communications Ltd must be given. Deputy Editors Colin Stewart Data is published in good faith and is the best information possessed by Sportcal Andrew Horsewood Global Communications Ltd at the stated date of publication. Tim Smith

The published data does not constitute advice and should not be relied upon by any Editorial Team person in making (or refraining from making) any decision. Callum Murray Jonathan Rest All figures in US dollars unless otherwise indicated. Research & Insight Team Copyright and Database Right Krzysztof Kropielnicki 2017 Sportcal Global Communications Ltd Tim Rollason All rights reserved Callum Man

ISBN Number: 978-1-9997483-0-2 Production Team Sarah Danbury Allington House Chris Mann 25 High Street Gordon Berry Wimbledon Village Alex Clay London SW19 5DX Design and Production Whistle Agency T: +44 20 8944 8786 F: +44 20 8944 8740 E: [email protected] W: www.sportcal.com

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GSI Report 2017 Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 06 6 SPORTING IMPACT 182

2 THE GLOBAL SPORTS IMPACT PROJECT 12 Sporting Impact analysis (2013-2016) 184

What is the GSI Project? 14 Competing nations analysis (2016) 186

The history of GSI 16 Athletes analysis 202

The GSI methodology 20 Summer vs winter world championships 209

GSI Event Studies programme 2017-2020 22 Athletes gender analysis 210

3 EVENT HOSTING AND BIDDING 26 Medals analysis 224

Event hosting analysis (2013-2016) 28 7 CONCLUSIONS 232

Event hosting analysis (2016) 34 Event hosting and bidding 235

Event bidding analysis (2016) 40 Economic impact 236

Global Sports Nations & Cities Index 54 Sport tourism 237

4 ECONOMIC IMPACT 100 Sporting impact 238

Economics of the Olympic Games 102 8 EVENT ANALYSIS 240

GSI attendance analysis (2013-2016) 112 Overview (2016) 242

GSI attendance analysis (2016) 114 A-Z by sport (70 events) 246

Global sports properties attendance analysis 117 - Multi-sport games (5 events)

Global sports properties fact files 120 - World championships (61 events)

5 SPORT TOURISM 156 - Continental championships (4 events)

Participant and media bed night analysis (2016) 158 9 CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 316

Spectator bed night analysis (2016) 168 10 SPORTS & EVENTS 320

Rio 2016 Olympic Games case study 169 11 TABLES & CHARTS 326

4 © and database right 2015 Sportcal Global Communications Ltd. All Rights Reserved © and database right 2017 Sportcal Global Communications Ltd. All Rights Reserved 5 Introduction / Global Sports Impact Report 2017 Global Sports Impact Report 2017 / Introduction Introduction WELCOME TO GSI REPORT 2017, THE THIRD EDITION OF THE GLOBAL SPORTS IMPACT REPORT

2016 was an Olympic year and for many sports this represents Analysis of the event-hosting trends during the 2013-16 cycle the culmination of a four-year programme. show an increase in the number of major events taking place in North America, while Europe continues to host the largest share For these sports the Olympics is the pinnacle of the cycle and of events overall by continent. thus in an Olympic year sports like badminton omit their world championships, which otherwise are held annually. Announced in April 2017, the Global Sports Nations and Cities Index is published in full exclusively in this report. Featuring 621 This accounts for the 70 events studied during 2016 in this GSI cities from 86 nations, the index analysed 730 events across 151 Report compared with the 83 events studied during 2015. categories in 81 sports, including summer and winter Olympic sports and Olympic ‘recognised’ sports. USA was once again The GSI Report 2017 analyses the impact of sport in the period named number one Global Sports Nation, while London, UK 2013 through to 2016 and compares the 313 events that have retained its place as number one Global Sports City. been studied during this period and the cities and nations that have hosted them. This year’s report has also identified the top 25 most valuable events judged according to their holistic impact during the The first two editions of the GSI Report focused on a broad 2013-16 cycle. The analysis has helped answer the age-old range of indicators. Thanks to the ever-increasing scope of the question: which major sports event produces the largest impact, project and the data gathered, the 2017 report focuses on a after the Olympic Games and Fifa World Cup, and can therefore limited number of core sectors. Separate reports and papers will be considered the world’s ‘third largest sports event’? be published covering other elements of the GSI Project in the future.

As 2016 was an Olympic year, a special analysis of the Across the 2013-16 Olympic cycle, a staggering 54,392,673 economics of the Olympic Games has been conducted, spectators attended the 317 events analysed as part of the GSI finding that revenue distribution by the International Olympic scope of research. Committee to Olympic Games Organising Committees (OCOGs) has failed to increase in line with increased media and Almost 16 million people attended the 70 analysed multisport sponsorship revenues. games, world and continental championships in 2016, with an average of 57,233 spectators attending the 57 world OCOG revenues, however, have fluctuated depending on championships. the host city. With better structured ticketing and domestic sponsorship and licensing programmes, OCOGs can In addition to the 70 events within the GSI scope of research, significantly increase their revenues, which are used to help analysis of 70 leading annual sports properties across 17 sports cover the costs of staging the Games. This underlines the during the 2015-16 / 2016 seasons shows that a total of more importance of transferring knowledge from one host to the next than 505 million spectators attended these events. in order to maximise returns and cover the costs of hosting. A year-on-year attendance analysis of 56 of these selected Host cities of the Olympic Games rely heavily on the reporting major annual properties, covering 13 sports, shows a very minor of economic impact to justify the colossal spending required decline in attendance of 0.27 per cent overall during 2016 to stage the Games and often fail to look at the wider, more compared with 2015. This could raise some concern for event holistic, impacts that an Olympic Games can generate. This owners, as the data analysed contains 858 additional fixtures reporting is frequently characterised by academics and taking place across all of the events, with a notable increase in economic commentators as being far too inconsistent the number of post-season playoff matches in some sports. and inaccurate. Sport-specific declines were found in major properties relating Research by leading academics in this area has shown that no to American football, basketball, cycling and tennis. Increases Games since 1960 has come in under budget, signalling a clear were found in baseball, cricket, rugby union and soccer. problem for future potential host cities, as the substantial costs act as a deterrent for future bids.

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GSI: A quick guide What is the GSI Project? A methodology to measure the holistic impact of events, and a standard to GSI Project Working with a wide variety of stakeholders and experts worldwide, capture the narrative. The GSI Project’s annual publication, which analyses and benchmarks major GSI Report through its Global Sports Impact (GSI) Project, Sportcal has developed a events and their impacts. methodology to measure the holistic impact of events and a standard to A programme through which experts from throughout the sports industry can GSI Experts Programme capture the narrative coming from these events to produce comprehensive input into shaping the future of the GSI Methodology.

The principles and structure by which the GSI Project assesses the holistic and informative analysis and insight for the sports industry. GSI Methodology impact of events.

Sportcal has developed a knowledge-sharing portal that A points score attributed to a single event, calculated using the GSI Method- GSI Event Rating enables rights holders, hosts and stakeholders to ology, drawing inputs from the event’s raw data across key impact pillars. understand more about the wider impacts of their events, providing greater insight into the benefits of hosting major GSI Events Index Ranked list of events in any given year or cycle by their GSI Event Rating. sporting events. Ranked list of nations across a given period, by the cumulative score of the A range of services have been developed through the GSI GSI Global Sports Nations Index events that nation has hosted. Project, aimed at helping stakeholders capture information about their events, analyse the data and benchmark against Ranked list of cities across a given period, by the cumulative score of the other events, nations and cities. GSI Global Sports Cities Index events that city has hosted.

GSI Event Studies Application of the GSI Methodology to holistically assess an individual event.

The programme that has been launched for the 2017-2020 Olympic cycle, to GSI Event Studies Programme “We believe that sport is undervalued and assess the impact of world sport over that period.

Gatherings bringing together event owners, hosts and other stakeholders to that the true impact of sport is not fully GSI Workshops discuss the impact of sport and development of the GSI Project. understood, and thus rarely captured.” Intelligence platform hosted on the Sportcal website, showcasing event Mike Laflin – CEO, Sportcal Sportcal Events impact data from 2,500+ events, live bidding information on 600+ available events, and an archive of 3,300+ past bidding processes.

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GSI Timeline

2015-16: GSI Experts Programme 2

Global Sports Impact Report 2016

GSI Nations & Cities 2012: First GSI Nations Indices move to & Cities Indices annual calculation (calculated bi-annually)

GSI Report 2016

GSI established in November 2011 GSI Workshop 1 GSI Workshop 2 GSI Workshop 3 GSI Workshop 4

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2011-12: GSI Experts Frst stes proce: Programme 1 Rabobank Hockey World Cup 2014 World Archery Championships 2015 2017-20: SPORTCAL GSI GSI Event Studies EVENT STUDIES Programme

Te Global Sports Impact Report 2015 A review of 2014 Global Sports Impact Report 2017

First GSI Report GSI Report 2017

2015-2016: Frequent production of studies before inception of programme

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Events hosted throughout 2013-2016 Olympic cycle by continent

50

45

40

35

30 Event Hosting 25 20

15 and Bidding 10 Event Hosting 5 GSI Report 2017 provides a year by year breakdown of event hosting 0 throughout the 2013-16 Olympic cycle, focussing on the ever-changing 2013 2014 2015 2016 Africa Asia Europe North America Oceania South America continental distribution of events, top hosting nations and cities, including Source: Sportcal Research an in-depth look at the year 2016. 2013 2014 2015 2016 EVENT HOSTING DURING THE 2013-16 OLYMPIC CYCLE % SHARE EVENTS % SHARE EVENTS % SHARE EVENTS % SHARE EVENTS Africa 3.8% 3 2.3% 2 2.3% 2 1.4% 1 Throughout the 2013-16 cycle, 323 top-tier world In 2016, the year of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, 70 events championship and multisport events have been analysed as took place. Asia 13.1% 10.5 25.6% 22 21.8% 19 17.1% 12 part of the GSI Project. Europe 57.5% 46 54.7% 47 48.3% 42 45.7% 32 As depicted in the line chart, the number of GSI events to North America 16.9% 13.5 11.6% 10 21.8% 19 22.9% 16 The number of events taking place each year throughout have taken place in Europe declined throughout the Olympic an Olympic cycle remains broadly similar, except for in an cycle. The number of events to take place in Africa, Asia, Oceania 3.8% 3 - 0 4.6% 4 2.9% 2 Olympic year when the number of events decreases. North America, Oceania and South America did not differ South America 5.0% 4 5.8% 5 1.1% 1 10.0% 7 greatly from 2013 to 2016, although the latter failed to host a TOTAL (323 EVENTS) 80 86 87 70 During 2013, 80 events that qualify for analysis under the GSI single event in 2015 before hosting seven in total during 2016. criteria took place throughout the year whilst 86 events took place in 2014 and 87 in 2015. NATIONS Nations hosting GSI events throughout 2013-2016 Olympic cycle – Top 10 Throughout the cycle, Canada hosted 25 GSI events and USA hosted 24. They are the only two North American nations to NATION CONTINENT EVENTS feature in the top 10. Canada North America 25

Six European nations hosted 10 or more events throughout USA North America 24 the cycle; Russia, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, France and Russia Europe 18 the Netherlands. Germany Europe 16

Asia is represented by the remaining two nations within the China Asia 15 top 10; China and Korea. Italy Europe 14

Brazil (7) topped the list of South American nations. United Kingdom Europe 12 France Europe 12 South Africa hosted more events than any other nation Netherlands Europe 10 in Africa (3). Korea Asia 10 Both Australia and New Zealand hosted three events a piece during the 2013-16 Olympic cycle, representing Oceania. Source: Sportcal Research

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Global Sports Nations and Cities Index GLOBAL SPORTS NATIONS INDEX APRIL 2017

The Global Sports Nations and Cities Index is based on an in- Thus, events such as soccer’s Euro 2016, a continental 2011-2024 depth analysis of more than 700 major multi-sport games and championship for one sport, and golf’s Ryder Cup, an event world championships over a rolling 14-year period, covering limited to only certain countries for one sport, are excluded USA has for the second edition in a row topped Sportcal’s seven years in the past and seven years in the future. from the current index. These events do however receive a GSI Global Sports Nations Index, placing ahead of the United Event Rating, allowing us to compare event by event using Kingdom and Russia, finishing with a total rating of 40,555. This period allows events from a minimum of three Olympic the GSI Project methodology. These ratings are detailed in the cycles to be taken in to consideration. Event Analysis chapter. The United Kingdom has risen two places having secured the UCI Road World Championships for Yorkshire, England The index incorporates more than 70 sports, including summer Selected continental multi-sport games are included in 2019; the 2019 WTF World Taekwondo Championships in and winter Olympic sports and Olympic ‘recognised’ sports. in the index such as the African Games, Asian Games, Manchester, England and the Rugby League World Cup 2021 European Games, Pacific Games, Pan American Games and which will take place across multiple cities in England. The aim is to identify which cities and nations are bidding for Commonwealth Games. and winning the right to host global sports events. In orderfor Russia has lost ground at the top due to the Bobsleigh and it to be truly global the index needs to focus on events that Data is gathered on the events that are covered in the index Skeleton World Championships 2017 and World Biathlon any country can bid for, with a few exceptions for and each event is given a weighting based on the GSI Events Championships 2021 both being reassigned. multi-sport games. Rating system. The GSI Events Rating is calculated based on the size, scale and impact of an event using a range of data This means that continental events and world series events are indicators which cover economic, sporting, media and Top 20 Global Sports Nations 2011-2024 excluded from the current index. As discussed in the Global social impacts. Sports Impact (GSI) Project chapter, this methodology is RANK CHANGE NATION TOTAL being developed in order to establish a benchmarking system 1 0 USA 40,555 whereby continental championships and world series events 2 é 2 United Kingdom 39,055 can be included. 3 ê 1 Russia 34,287 4 é 1 China 33,904 5 ê 2 Canada 31,585 6 é 2 Japan 28,770 621 7 ê 1 Germany 28,609 CITIES 8 ê 1 Italy 24,708 9 é 1 France 23,273 730 10 ê 1 Brazil 22,445 EVENTS 11 é 2 Austria 21,004 12 ê 1 Korea 20,957 13 ê 1 Spain 20,684 14 é 1 Denmark 16,661 15 ê 1 Netherlands 16,497 16 é 2 Switzerland 15,160 17 ê 1 Qatar 14,459 18 ê 1 Sweden 13,978 19 0 Australia 13,674 20 é 2 Hungary 11,405

As the index rolls in to 2017, we lose events from the year Having successfully hosted the Pan American and Para Pan 151 81 86 2010 and gain events awarded for the year 2024. As a result, American games in 2015, cities in Canada have been cautious CATEGORIES SPORTS NATIONS top scoring major events from 2010 such as the Fifa World in bidding for both the Commonwealth Games and Olympic Cup which took place across South Africa; the Asian Games Games due to the projected costs. Since the last index, in Guangzhou, China; Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver, Edmonton, Canada was awarded the ITU World Triathlon Canada; and the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi, India Series Grand Final 2020 which added to its total; however this no longer register points for these host cities and nations. was not enough to remain ahead of China and the Canada in particular, falling two places to fifth, is affected United Kingdom. by the loss of the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games.

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Economic Impact WHAT WHY The GSI Project has established the need for a consensus surrounding the global measurement of economic impact in order to accurately compare the Economic impact studies are often used to justify public Economic impact is derived using key data indicators spending, whether accelerating transport infrastructure benefits of hosting major sporting events in different countries and between which feed in to a model to quantify impact, whether this (airport expansion, rail links, highways, etc.) as a result be to establish the direct economic impact, or indirect of hosting a major event or using public funds to cover different sports. GSI Report 2017 explores the cost versus return considered and induced economic impact produced as a result of an some of the costs of staging the event. event taking place in a specific location. by cities bidding to host the Olympic Games. If the public are unaware of the benefits, they are less Indirect and induced economic impact models rely on likely to support the staging of the event. If the benefits multipliers which produce a larger economic impact can be shown to outweigh the costs, the public are Previous editions of the Global Sports Impact Report have value for an event. The multiplier effect accounts for more likely to support the investment in hosting a major detailed the differing models used to quantify the economic initial spending in a region which then generates further sporting event. impact of major sporting events. The analysis has outlined spending in the local economy. There is no consensus the lack of consensus among academics and industry experts as to the size of the multiplier effect used to calculate around what should and should not be included when economic impact, with a wide range of methodologies measuring impact. available, thus making it almost impossible to compare indirect and induced economic impact between events. To be able to accurately compare events on a like for like basis, the scope of research and methodologies used need to be the Economic impact has been shown to revolve largely same. The GSI Project has found significant variations in the around the initial investment into the host locations, reporting of economic impact from organisations based in the from both direct and indirect capital spending in order same country and even when studying the same event, in part to bring infrastructure up to the standards required WHEN due to the differing objectives of each study commissioner. for the event. This creates numerous jobs along the supply chain due to the intensive period in which the infrastructure must be readied. • Pre-event phase – from the announcement of Economics of the bidding, to the awarding of the bid, to the staging The second wave of impact comes from attendance of the event Olympic Games and tourism - the number of spectators attending • Hosting phase – the year in which the event is events, whether these are locals or visitors, how much taking place The economic impact of the Olympic Games is a hotly these visitors are spending during their time in the host • Post-event phase – from the end of the event to the contested topic and due to the sheer size and scale of the location, for how long they stay in the location and foreseeable future, often used in the same mega-event, is often complex to quantify. where they are staying. context as legacy

Pre-event impact estimates can often be used to justify public spending and accelerate infrastructure projects within a host city. However, citizens around the world are now better informed and have access to a wealth of information, especially through digital platforms, making it increasingly difficult for decision makers to justify the case for spending vast amounts of public money on hosting major sporting events based on the economic benefits of hosting those events. WHO NEED

The economic impact produced by events is an There is a need to develop a standard global important measurement for event owners, event methodology for measuring the economic impact of organisers, local or national government, and also to major sporting events, thus enabling comparisons to be sponsors and broadcasters. made between events hosted in different countries and different events from different sports. The economic impact of an event can inform the key decision makers at city and government organisations looking to bid for major sporting events.

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Attendance (2013-2016) Top 25 events by total attendance (2013-2016)

SPORT EVENT TOTAL ATTENDANCE Olympic Games 2016 2016 6,150,000* Attendances at world championships, multisport games and continental championships FIFA World Cup 2014 2014 3,429,873 over the 2013-2016 Olympic cycle Rugby World Cup 2015 2015 2,477,805 UEFA Euro 2016 2016 2,427,303 GSI Report 2017 has analysed the attendance of 317 events within the GSI Paralympic Games 2016 2016 2,150,000* Copa América Centenario 2016 2016 1,483,855 scope of research for which data was available across the 2013-2016 FIFA Women's World Cup 2015 2015 1,353,506 Olympic cycle. Commonwealth Games 2014 2014 1,316,000 CONCACAF Gold Cup 2015 2015 1,090,282 Pan American Games 2015 2015 1,050,000 In total, 54,392,673 spectators attended these events, with 2016 contributing ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 2015 1,016,421 Olympic Winter Games 2014 2014 1,000,000 the most spectators at 16,006,584 despite the fewer number of events which Special Olympics World Winter Games 2013 2013 1,000,000* took place (70) and for which data was available (65). World Baseball Classic 2013 2013 885,212 Summer Universiade 2013 2013 800,000 Orange Africa Cup of Nations 2013 2013 753,169 IIHF World Championships 2015 2015 741,690 ICC World Twenty20 2016 2016 700,000 IAAF World Athletics Championships 2015 2015 681,864 FIBA Basketball World Cup for Men 2014 2014 675,473 9,264,717 13,364,915 Copa América 2015 2015 655,902 AFC Asian Cup 2015 2015 650,000 2013 2014 UCI Road World Championships 2015 2015 645,000 IIHF World Championships 2014 2014 643,434 (80 events in GSI scope of (85 events in GSI scope of research with data available) research with data available) Youth Olympic Games 2014 2014 610,000

* Estimated using a combination of factors including event owner and local organising committee estimates, previous event data and official press releases 15,756,457 16,006,584 Unsurprisingly, the Olympic Games and Fifa World Cup place first and second respectively in terms of total attendance.

2015 2016 The Rugby World Cup places third, followed by the UEFA EURO (87 events in GSI scope of (65 events in GSI scope of 2016 soccer tournament in fourth and the Paralympic Games in research with data available) research with data available) fifth.

2013 - 2016 317 events 54,392,673

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The 70 world championships and multisport games in 2016 combined to generate 1,517,900 bed nights for their hosts, from participants (comprising athletes, team officials and technical officials) and media alone.

Unsurprisingly, the Rio summer Olympics recorded the highest Sport Tourism number of participant and media bed nights, at over 600,000. Multisport games, with high numbers of athletes and officials Participant and media bed nights staying for relatively long durations, made up five of the top seven events sorted by bed nights.

Soccer’s major events of 2016 – UEFA Euro and the Copa América Centenario – also recorded high numbers of bed nights (162,700 and 67,700, respectively), principally due to the large media delegations that cover these events.

But the true tourism impact of these events is much higher than these figures, which do not take into account overseas spectators, athlete-accompanying friends or family members, or participants who extend their stay beyond the duration of the event for training or holiday purposes. Rather, the participant and media bed night figures give a good indication of the 1,517,900 baseline tourism impact for any given event. PARTICIPANT AND MEDIA BED NIGHTS GENERATED IN 2016 Estimated participant and media bed nights – Top 10

OFFICIALS - OFFICIALS - ACCREDITED RANK SPORT EVENT ATHLETES TOTAL 136,000 600,600 TEAM TECHNICAL MEDIA 1 Olympics Olympic Games 2016 168,600 82,500 37,500 312,000 600,600 BED NIGHTS FROM MEDIA RIO 2016 PARTICIPANT 2 Soccer UEFA Euro 2016 14,100 10,200 2,400 136,000 162,700 ALONE AT UEFA EURO 2016 AND MEDIA BED NIGHTS 3 Paralympics Paralympic Games 2016 48,700 33,600 16,800 9,300 108,400 Americas Masters 4 Games 65,000 1,700 6,500 2,000 75,200 Games 2016 Copa América 5 Soccer 7,500 5,100 1,200 54,000 67,800 The GSI Report has established an industry-leading methodology for Centenario 2016 calculating the number of bed nights an event generates from participants 6 Games Asian Beach Games 2016 28,600 13,600 15,800 3,100 61,100 Youth Olympic Winter 7 Olympics 13,800 13,000 5,200 5,100 37,100 and media, in order to analyse the tourism impact from an event before a Games 2016 8 Cricket ICC World Twenty20 2016 8,800 5,000 1,600 19,100 34,500 single ticket is even sold. This methodology is used in turn to help event 2016 World Rowing 9 Rowing Senior, U23 and Junior 20,900 8,800 1,100 700 31,500 owners better understand the baseline economic impact of their events, and Championships UCI Road World helps event hosts calculate the projected direct economic impact of potential 10 Cycling - road 10,000 9,400 700 4,100 24,200 Championships 2016 or newly acquired events.

Source: Sportcal Research

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Estimated participant and media bed nights – 13-70 Estimated participant and media bed nights – Top 3 FINA World Championships (25m) 2016 World Karate Championships 2016 2016 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships (XCO, XCE, XCR) 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup 2016 WBSC Women’s Softball World Championship 2016 World Biathlon Championships 2016 Floorball Men’s World Championships 2016 World Figure Skating Championships 2016 UCI Track World Championships 2016 Oceania Nations Cup 2016 ITU Triathlon Mixed Relay World Championships 2016 Bobsleigh & Skeleton World Championships 2016 World Roller Speed Skating Championships 2016 Nokian Tyres World Orienteering Championships 2016 UCI Cyclo-Cross World Championships 2016 UCI BMX World Championships 2016 AIBA Women’s World Championships 2016 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 ITU World Triathlon Series 2016 ITU Modern Pentathlon World Championships 2016 IAAF 16th World Indoor Athletics Championships 2016 Athletes Officials - Team Officials - Technical Accredited Media World Cup of Hockey 2016

Source: Sportcal Research IFSC World Championships 2016 UIPM Biathle and Triathle World Championships 2016 2016 IIHF Ice Hockey Women’s World Championship FINA Diving World Cup 2016 LG Presents WBSC Women’s Baseball World Cup 2016 Indoor Archery World Championship 2016 IAAF/Cardiff University World Half Marathon Championships 2016 Estimated participant and media bed nights – 3-12 World Field Archery Championships 2016 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships 2016 World Beach Handball Championship 2016 JJIF World Championships 2016 World Synchronized Skating Championships 2016 Americas Masters Games 2016 Ryder Cup 2016 Copa América Centenario 2016 INS ISA World Surfing Games IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships 2016 Asian Beach Games 2016 FIBA 3x3 World Championships 2016 Youth Olympic Winter Games 2016 PSA Men’s World Championship 2016 ISSF World Championship Running Target 2016 ICC World Twenty20 2016 IWWF Cable Wakeboard World Championships 2016 2016 World Rowing Senuir, U23 and Junior Championships Luge World Championships - Artificial Track 2016 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships 2016 UCI Road World Championships 2016 Fencing World Championships 2016 Perfect 2016 World Team Table Tennis Championships World Men’s Curling Championship 2016 Ford World Women’s Curling Championship 2016 TOTAL BWF Thomas & Uber Cup Finals 2016 2016 WTF World Taekwondo Team Championships IRF World Championships 2016 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 UCI Indoor Cycling World Championships 2016 UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships 2016 Source: Sportcal Research World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2016 PSA Women’s World Championship 2015 (delayed) World Sprint Speed Skating Championships 2016 FIS Ski Flying World Championships 2016 ISAF Women’s Match Racing World Championship 2016 ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championships 2016 ITU Cross Triathlon World Championships 2016 ITU Winter Triathlon World Championships 2016

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000

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2013 73 77 2014 Sporting Impact EVENTS EVENTS GSI Report 2017 has analysed 70 multisport games, world and continental championships which took place in 2016. An analysis of competing athletes, 54 SUMMER 19 WINTER 65 SUMMER 12 WINTER competing nations, event types, gender parity and medals performance MULTISPORT WORLD MULTISPORT WORLD 6 GAMES 67 CHAMPIONSHIPS 5 GAMES 72 CHAMPIONSHIPS has provided a broad overview of the sporting landscape. A progressive analysis inclusive of previous GSI Reports highlights the differences between 68,416 49,746 each year of the Olympic cycle and the decrease in the number of world ATHLETES 59.2% / 40.8% ATHLETES 59.8% / 40.2% championships in an Olympic year compared to the three previous years. 7.5% 92.5% 6.0% 94.0% With many athletes and national federations focused on the Kuwait was another country which saw restrictions applied to DOMESTIC OVERSEAS DOMESTIC OVERSEAS landmark event of 2016 – the Olympic Games – this in turn its athletes, following the decision by the IOC (International resulted in fewer world championship and multisport games Olympic Committee) to suspend the Kuwait Olympic taking place than in 2015. The decrease in numbers was found Committee (KOC) in late 2015 for political interference in 50 - 44 5.2 most prominently in summer world championships, whereby the affairs of the KOC and national sports federations. This AVERAGE NUMBER OF AVERAGE CONTINENTAL REACH AVERAGE NUMBER OF AVERAGE CONTINENTAL REACH COMPETING NATIONS FROM SIX CONTINENTS COMPETING NATIONS FROM SIX CONTINENTS eight fewer events took place compared to 2015. had ramifications for Kuwaiti sportsmen and sportswomen in 2016, including those who competed as Independent Olympic This was in part due to the fact that a number of summer Athletes at the Rio Games. Olympic sport international federations do not host events in Olympic years as the magnitude of the Games would outdo The effect of warfare and conflict continues to linger in some 2015 2016 the prestige of a world championship held in the same year. parts of the world, which also has a significant impact on the 83 70 Sports such as badminton, canoeing, judo, weightlifting ability of athletes in these places to train, qualify and compete EVENTS EVENTS and wrestling each host annual senior world championships, at world championships and multisport games. This was except in an Olympic year. applicable to a nation like Syria, which has been engulfed in a civil war since 2011. In 2012, Syria sent ten athletes to the The focus for federations in the months preceding the Olympic Games and the 11 athletes to the Paralympic Games. Olympics tends to be on regional qualification events, For the 2016 edition, there were seven Syrian competitors 67 SUMMER 16 WINTER 53 SUMMER 17 WINTER which reward athletes with the final places available at the in the Olympics, and two in the Paralympics, in addition to Olympic Games. two athletes of Syrian origin who competed under the flag of MULTISPORT WORLD MULTISPORT WORLD the Refugee Olympic Team, and one under the Independent 9 GAMES 74 CHAMPIONSHIPS 5 GAMES 61 CHAMPIONSHIPS While fewer world championships and multisport games also Paralympic Athletes Team. mean fewer athletes taking part, there were other reasons for the lower number of participants in 2016 than in previous years. The one that gained the most attention was the fall-out 69,703 43,164 from the Russian doping scandal and the McLaren Report. Russia, one of the traditional powerhouses of world sport, ATHLETES 59.4% / 40.6% ATHLETES 56.4% / 43.6% would be represented by fewer athletes than originally intended at the Olympics, and not at all at the Paralympics. Russia had originally intended to send 387 competitors to the 8.6% 91.4% 13.7% 86.3% Olympics, and 267 to the Paralympics. DOMESTIC OVERSEAS DOMESTIC OVERSEAS 47 4.9 40 4.7 AVERAGE NUMBER OF AVERAGE CONTINENTAL REACH AVERAGE NUMBER OF AVERAGE CONTINENTAL REACH COMPETING NATIONS FROM SIX CONTINENTS COMPETING NATIONS FROM SIX CONTINENTS

*Male / Female split calculated using mixed-gender events for which data was available Source: Sportcal research † Domestic / Overseas split calculated using events for which data was available

184 © and database right 2017 Sportcal Global Communications Ltd. All Rights Reserved © and database right 2017 Sportcal Global Communications Ltd. All Rights Reserved 185 Event Analysis / Global Sports Impact Report 2017 Global Sports Impact Report 2017 / Event Analysis Event Analysis The event analysis pages showcase data from the 70 multisport games and world championships featured in this report, complete with each event’s GSI Event Rating, and its GSI Event Ranking out of all events in 2016.

Up to 50 individual data points are presented for each of the 70 major events of 2016, allowing us to analyse and compare the relative impacts that are created by each event, and include tourism impact insight from Sportcal’s exclusive bed nights analysis.

GSI EVENT RATING TV AND ONLINE STREAMING COVERAGE

The GSI Event Rating Breakdown details the proportion of the Sportcal’s analysis of TV broadcasters and TV nations is for live, event’s GSI Event Rating attributed to economic, sporting, delayed and highlights broadcast only. media and social impacts. Where limited data was available for an event, this breakdown may score zero for those impacts. Some event pages detail extended TV coverage, which also For example if there was no television coverage of an event, a includes news and magazine programming. media impact score will not be included. Additionally, some event pages detail whether the event was Each GSI Event Rating was calculated using data which was available to stream online and in some instances the number made available up to 31 March 2017. of nations for which the stream was available in.

As a result of rounding up or down, the GSI Event Rating Not all international federations and/or local organising Breakdowns may not total in some cases. Additionally, impact committees measure media data to this extent and therefore pillar breakdowns are in some cases unavailable. This may be only data which was made available has been included in this because there was no television media coverage of an event, report. or there is no data available for the event, in which case N/A is used. ESTIMATED DATA

BED NIGHTS Data points marked with an asterisk (*) have been estimated using a combination of factors including international Bed nights detailed in the event analysis are for ‘participants federation and local organising committee estimates, previous and media’, comprising athletes, officials (team and technical), event data and official event communication materials. and accredited media only. The calculations were formed using the methodology detailed in the Sports Tourism chapter.

The calculations give an insight into the number of bed nights each event generates, before a single ticket is sold, or before overseas spectators are counted.

Sportcal’s participant and media bed nights methodology does not take into account whether accommodation was paid for by visitors or by organisers/hosts.

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Event Analysis Event Analysis Youth Olympic Winter Olympic Games 2016 Games 2016 Sport Organiser Statistics Sport Organiser Statistics Olympics Rio 2016 Organising Committee Olympics Lillehammer 2016 Organising ECONOMIC ECONOMIC Total Attendance 6,150,000* Committee Total Attendance 212,604 Owner City, Nation Owner Ticketed Attendance - Ticketed Attendance - City, Nation International Olympic Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Non-Ticketed Attendance - International Olympic Non-Ticketed Attendance - Committee Venues 37 Committee Lillehammer, Norway Venues 10 Event Frequency BED NIGHTS BED NIGHTS Date Every four years Visitor type Est. bed nights Date Event Frequency Visitor type Est. bed nights Athletes 168,600 Athletes 13,800 05 Aug - 21 Aug 12 Feb - 21 Feb Every four years Officials - Team 82,500 Officials - Team 13,000 Officials - Technical 37,500 Officials - Technical 5,200 Accredited Media 312,000 Accredited Media 5,100 2016 GSI Overall Ranking GSI Event Rating 2016 Total 600,600 2016 GSI Overall Ranking GSI Event Rating 2016 Total 37,100 st SPORTING th SPORTING out of 70 events pts Competitors - Total 11,237 out of 70 events pts Competitors - Total 1,060 1 10,102 Men / Women 6,178 5,059 8 2,349 Men / Women 567 493 GSI Event Rating Breakdown Overseas / Domestic 10,774 463 GSI Event Rating Breakdown Overseas / Domestic 987 73 Continental Reach 6 Continental Reach 6 Competing Nations 207 Competing Nations 70 (includes Independent Olympic Athletes (IOA) due OFFICIALS to Kuwait suspension and the Refugee Olympic Team - Team (ROT)) 29% 26% 22% 24% 58% 20% 13% 9% Technical - OFFICIALS MEDIA Team - TV Continental Reach - ECONOMIC SPORTING MEDIA SOCIAL Technical 3,009 ECONOMIC SPORTING MEDIA SOCIAL TV Nations 98 MEDIA Broadcasters 39 Competing Nations By Continent TV Continental Reach - Competing Nations By Continent Extended TV Coverage: Nations 142 TV Nations 220 Extended TV Coverage: Broadcasters 43 Broadcasters 218 Streamed Online Yes Accredited Media 25,721 Accredited Media 653 SOCIAL SOCIAL 50 Volunteers 40,000 46 Nations Stream Available Worldwide 29 EUROPE 4 EUROPE Volunteers 3,278 NORTH NORTH AMERICA 43 Event Hosting AMERICA 12 ASIA ASIA Event Hosting EDITIONS First Edition 1896 EDITIONS 54 Number of Editions 28 2 First Edition 2012 Number of Editions 2 AFRICA 17 CONTINENTAL REACH AFRICA 2 12 OCEANIA Africa 0 4 OCEANIA CONTINENTAL REACH SOUTH Asia 3 SOUTH Africa 0 AMERICA AMERICA Europe 16 Asia 0 North America 6 Europe 2 Oceania 2 North America 0 South America 1 Oceania 0 South America 0

Past/Future Editions Past/Future Editions

2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2012 2016 2020 2025 Beijing, China London, United Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Tokyo, Japan TBA Innsbruck, Austria Lillehammer, Norway Lausanne, TBA Kingdom Switzerland

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GSI EVENT RESEARCH SCOPE 2016 (70 EVENTS)

SPORT EVENT SPORT EVENT

Archery Indoor Archery World Championships 2016 Luge Luge World Championships - Artificial Track 2016 Archery World Field Archery Championships 2016 Modern pentathlon Modern Pentathlon World Championships 2016 Athletics IAAF 16th World Indoor Athletics Championships 2016 Modern pentathlon UIPM Biathle and Triathle World Championships 2016 Athletics IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships 2016 Olympics Olympic Games 2016 Athletics IAAF/Cardiff University World Half Marathon Championships 2016 Olympics Youth Olympic Winter Games 2016 Badminton TOTAL BWF Thomas & Uber Cup Finals 2016 Orienteering Nokian Tyres World Orienteering Championships 2016 Baseball LG Presents WBSC Women’s Baseball World Cup 2016 Paralympics Paralympic Games 2016 Basketball FIBA 3x3 World Championships 2016 Racquetball IRF World Championships 2016 Beach handball World Beach Handball Championship 2016 Roller sports World Roller Speed Skating Championships 2016 Biathlon World Biathlon Championships 2016 Rowing 2016 World Rowing Senior, U23 and Junior Championships Bobsleigh Bobsleigh & Skeleton World Championships 2016 Sailing ISAF Women's Match Racing World Championship 2016 Boxing AIBA Women's World Championships 2016 Shooting ISSF World Championship Running Target 2016 Cricket ICC World Twenty20 2016 Short track speed skating World Short Track Speed Skating Championships 2016 Curling Ford World Women's Curling Championship 2016 Ski jumping FIS Ski Flying World Championships 2016 Curling World Men's Curling Championship 2016 Soccer Copa América Centenario 2016 Cycling - BMX UCI BMX World Championships 2016 Soccer Oceania Nations Cup 2016 Cycling - cyclo-cross UCI Cyclo-Cross World Championships 2016 Soccer UEFA Euro 2016 Cycling - indoor UCI Indoor Cycling World Championships 2016 Softball WBSC Women's Softball World Championship 2016 Cycling - mountain bike UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships (XCO, XCE, XCR) 2016 Speed skating World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2016 Cycling - mountain bike UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships 2016 Speed skating World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships 2016 Cycling - road UCI Road World Championships 2016 Speed skating World Sprint Speed Skating Championships 2016 Cycling - track UCI Track World Championships 2016 Sport climbing IFSC World Championships 2016 Diving FINA Diving World Cup 2016 Squash PSA Men's World Championship 2016 Fencing Fencing World Championships 2016 Squash PSA Women's World Championship 2015 (Delayed) Figure skating World Figure Skating Championships 2016 Surfing 2016 INS ISA World Surfing Games Floorball Floorball Men's World Championships 2016 Swimming FINA World Championships (25m) 2016 Futsal FIFA Futsal World Cup 2016 Synchronized skating World Synchronized Skating Championships 2016 Games Americas Masters Games 2016 Table Tennis Perfect 2016 World Team Table Tennis Championships Games Asian Beach Games 2016 Taekwondo 2016 WTF World Taekwondo Team Championships Golf Ryder Cup 2016 Triathlon ITU Cross Triathlon World Championships 2016 Ice hockey 2016 IIHF Ice Hockey Women's World Championship Triathlon ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championships 2016 Ice hockey 2016 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship Triathlon ITU Triathlon Mixed Relay World Championships 2016 Ice hockey World Cup of Hockey 2016 Triathlon ITU Winter Triathlon World Championships 2016 Ju-jitsu JJIF World Championships 2016 Triathlon ITU World Triathlon Series 2016 Karate World Karate Championships 2016 Wakeboard IWWF Cable Wakeboard World Championships 2016

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WORLD CUPS, LEAGUES, SERIES AND TOURS (70 PROPERTIES)

SPORT EVENT SPORT EVENT

American Football Canadian Football League (CFL) 2016 Rugby Union Pro12 2015-2016 American Football National Football League (NFL) 2016 Rugby Union Rugby Championship 2016 American Football NCAA National College Football (Division I-FBS) 2016 Rugby Union Six Nations Championship 2016 American Football NCAA National College Football (Division I-FCS) 2016 Rugby Union Super Rugby 2016 American Football NCAA National College Football (Division II) 2016 Rugby Sevens World Rugby Sevens Series American Football NCAA National College Football (Division III) 2016 Soccer Australian A-League 2015-2016 Athletics World Marathon Majors 2016 Soccer Brazilian Serie A 2016 Australian Football AFL Premiership 2016 Soccer Chinese Super League 2016 Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) 2016 Soccer Dutch Eredivisie 2015-2016 Baseball Minor League Baseball (MiLB) 2016 Soccer English Championship 2015-2016 Baseball Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) 2016 Soccer English Premier League 2015-2016 Basketball Euroleague 2015-2016 Soccer French Ligue 1 2015-2016 Basketball Spanish Liga ACB 2015-2016 Soccer German Bundesliga 1 2015-2016 Basketball National Basketball Association (NBA) 2015-2016 Soccer German Bundesliga 2 2015-2016 Basketball NCAA Men's Basketball (Division I) 2015-2016 Soccer Italian Serie A 2015-2016 Basketball NCAA Men's Basketball (Division II) 2015-2016 Soccer Japanese J1 League 2016 Basketball NCAA Men's Basketball (Division III) 2015-2016 Soccer Mexican Liga MX 2015-2016 Basketball NCAA Men's Basketball (Reclassifying teams) 2015-2016 Soccer Major League Soccer (MLS) 2016 Biathlon Biathlon World Cup 2015-2016 Soccer Spanish La Liga 2015-2016 Cricket Big Bash Twenty20 Cricket League 2015-2016 Soccer AFC Champions League 2015-2016 Cycling Giro d'Italia 2016 Soccer Copa Libertadores 2015-2016 Cycling Tour de France 2016 Soccer UEFA Champions League 2015-2016 Cycling Vuelta a España 2016 Soccer UEFA Europa League 2015-2016 Golf PGA Tour 2016 Tennis Australian Open 2016 Golf The Open Championship 2016 Tennis French Open 2016 Handball EHF Champions League 2015-2016 Tennis US Open 2016 Ice hockey German Eishockey Liga 2015-2016 Tennis Wimbledon 2016 Ice Hockey National Hockey League (NHL) 2015-2016 Tennis Davis Cup 2016 Ice hockey Swiss National League A 2015-2016 Tennis Fed Cup 2016 Motor Racing Formula One 2016 Tennis ATP World Tour 2016 Motor Racing MotoGP 2016 Tennis WTA Tour 2016 Rugby League National Rugby League (NRL) 2016 Volleyball CEV Champions League 2015-2016 Rugby League Super League 2016 Rugby Union English Premiership 2015-2016 Rugby Union European Challenge Cup 2015-2016 Rugby Union European Champions Cup 2015-2016 Rugby Union French D2 2015-2016 Rugby Union French Top 14 2015-2016

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LIST OF TABLES In order of appearance

CHAPTER TITLE CHAPTER TITLE

Global Sports Impact (GSI) Project GSI: A quick guide Events Bidding and Hosting Top 25 world championships over the 2013-2016 Olympic cycle Events Bidding and Hosting Nations hosting GSI events throughout 2013-2016 Olympic cycle – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting GSI Nations Index – April 2017 Events Bidding and Hosting Top 10 nations hosting events in 2013-2016 Events Bidding and Hosting GSI Nations Index – April 2017 (continued) Events Bidding and Hosting Top 10 cities hosting events in 2013-2016 Events Bidding and Hosting GSI Cities Index – April 2017 Events Bidding and Hosting Nations hosting GSI events in 2016 – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting Operational Cost Overrun at Olympic Games 1992-2016 ($bn at 2015 rates) Events Bidding and Hosting GSI events hosted in South America in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Revenue vs hosting costs at 2010 and 2012 Olympic Games ($bn) Events Bidding and Hosting Cities hosting two or more GSI events in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Revenue vs hosting costs at 2014 and 2016 Olympic Games ($bn) Events Bidding and Hosting Appendix A – GSI host cities and nations in 2016 Economic Impact Top 25 events by total attendance (2013-2016) Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – Full results by nation Economic Impact GSI event scope by total attendance – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – Top 5 in detail Economic Impact World championships by total attendance – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – By continent Economic Impact Attendance of major annual sports events in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – Top 5 cities Economic Impact Attendance of major annual events in 2015 and 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Full list of major events awarded in 2016 Economic Impact Top 10 sports properties by total attendance 2015-16 / 2016 (regular season only) Events Bidding and Hosting Top 20 Global Sports Nations 2011-2024 Economic Impact Top 10 sports properties by average attendance 2015-16 / 2016 (regular season only) Events Bidding and Hosting Africa - Egypt Economic Impact Attendances at selected non-ticketed events in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Asia - China Economic Impact Attendance of selected soccer leagues in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Europe - United Kingdom Economic Impact Attendance of selected soccer leagues – year-on-year comparison Events Bidding and Hosting North America - USA Economic Impact Attendance of selected continental club soccer competitions in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Oceania - Australia Economic Impact North American sport total attendance in 2016 - summary Events Bidding and Hosting South America - Brazil Economic Impact North American sport attendance in 2016 (selected leagues – regular season only) Events Bidding and Hosting GSI rating points per capita: Top 10 and selected others Economic Impact North American regular and post-season attendance in 2016 (selected leagues) Events Bidding and Hosting Noticeable climbers in the Global Sports Nations index Economic Impact Men’s American football and men’s basketball US college sport attendances in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Noticeable fallers in the Global Sports Nations index Economic Impact Attendance of selected US college sports – year-on-year comparison Events Bidding and Hosting Top 10 Past Sports Nations (2011-2017) Economic Impact Major tennis events attendances in 2016 – year-on-year comparison Events Bidding and Hosting Selected major events secured by Brazil post-Olympics Economic Impact Rugby union regular and post-season attendance in 2016 (selected competitions) Events Bidding and Hosting Top 10 Future Sports Nations (2018-2024) Attendance of selected rugby union club competition attendances – Economic Impact Events Bidding and Hosting Selected major events due to be awarded in 2017 year-on-year comparison Events Bidding and Hosting Top 20 Global Sports Cities 2011-2024 Economic Impact Australian sport attendance in 2016 (selected leagues – regular season only) Events Bidding and Hosting Significant moves within the top 100 Global Sports Cities Economic Impact Australian regular and post-season attendance in 2016 (selected leagues) Events Bidding and Hosting Noticeable fallers in the Global Sports Cities index Economic Impact Comparison of selected domestic club ice hockey leagues in Europe Appendix: Attendances at major annual sports events in 2015-16/2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Events hosted in Cairo (2011-2024) Economic Impact (GSI 2017 list of events) Events Bidding and Hosting Events hosted in Tokyo (2011-2024) Sport Tourism Estimated participant and media bed nights – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting Events hosted in London (2011-2024) Sport Tourism UEFA Euro 2016 – Total bed nights Events Bidding and Hosting Events hosted in Edmonton (2011-2024) Sport Tourism Floorball Men’s World Championships 2016 – Total bed nights Events Bidding and Hosting Events hosted in Auckland (2011-2024) Sport Tourism Tourism spend at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games (competition days only) Events Bidding and Hosting Events hosted in Rio de Janeiro (2011-2024) Sporting Impact Continental distribution of competing nations at global multisport games in 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Top 10 Past Sports Cities (2011-2017) Sporting Impact Nation breakdown of the two most recent FINA World Championships (25m) Events Bidding and Hosting Selected major events secured by Budapest Sporting Impact Continental distribution of competing nations at world championships in 2016 – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting Top 10 Future Sports Cities (2018-2024) Continental distribution of competing nations at selected continental Sporting Impact Events Bidding and Hosting Top 25 events over the 2013-2016 Olympic cycle championships in 2016

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CHAPTER TITLE

Sporting Impact Reach of multisport games in 2016 Sporting Impact Appendix A: Competing Nations Sporting Impact Appendix B: Competing Nations vs IF Membership Sporting Impact GSI scope of events by total number of athletes – Top 10 Sporting Impact World championships athlete distribution by host continent Sporting Impact Average athlete gender percentage by event type Sporting Impact European Soccer – Spanish La Liga and German Bundesliga Sporting Impact Origin of athletes Sporting Impact Global athlete reach of basketball 2015-2016 Sporting Impact Top three nations with the highest positive balance (export vs import) Sporting Impact Top three nations with the highest negative balance (export vs import) Sporting Impact 2016 European Cycling Tours Sporting Impact Appendix C: Athletes Sporting Impact Net increase in medals won by host nations Sporting Impact Medals increase at multisport games in 2016 Sporting Impact Brazilian medals per athlete at London 2012 compared to Rio 2016 Sporting Impact Host nation medals increase versus previous edition Event Analysis GSI Event Ratings and Rankings 2016

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LIST OF CHARTS In order of appearance

CHAPTER TITLE CHAPTER TITLE

Events Bidding and Hosting Events hosted throughout 2013-2016 Olympic cycle by continent Sport Tourism Estimated participant and media bed nights – Top 3 Events Bidding and Hosting Cities hosting GSI events in 2016 by continent Sport Tourism Estimated participant and media bed nights – 3-12 Events Bidding and Hosting Average GSI Event Rating per event by continent Sport Tourism Estimated participant and media bed nights – 13-70 Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – Number of nations by continent Sport Tourism Improvers and decliners – 28 events analysed in both 2015 & 2016 Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – Top cities by continent Sport Tourism Rio 2016 - Domestic visitors by origin Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – Number of cities by continent Sport Tourism Brazil international visitor arrivals (1966-2016) Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – By competition year Sporting Impact Number of competing nations at world championships in 2016 – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting Global Sports Bidding Index 2016 – By date of host confirmed Sporting Impact Percentage of eligible competing nations present at 2016 world championships – Top 10 Events Bidding and Hosting Top 10 Global Sports Nations 2017 – previous eight index rankings Percentage breakdown of eligible nations competing at continental soccer Sporting Impact Events Bidding and Hosting IOC contribution to support staging of Olympic Games 2002-2016 ($m) championships in 2016 IOC contribution to support staging of Olympic Games vs IOC broadcast and TOP Sporting Impact When did summer world championships occur in 2016? Events Bidding and Hosting Worldwide Programme revenue 2001-2016 ($m) Average number of competing nations by continent – summer vs winter Sporting Impact Economic Impact World championships by total attendance – 1st to 57th world championships Economic Impact Breakdown of estimated attendances at cycling’s three grand tours in 2016 Sporting Impact UCI Track World Championships continental breakdown by nations, 2013-2016 Economic Impact Breakdown of estimated attendances at 2016 World Marathon Majors Sporting Impact UCI Track World Championships athlete breakdown by continent, 2016 Economic Impact Growth and decline in total attendance of selected soccer leagues in 2016 Sporting Impact World championships by total number of athletes – Top 10 Economic Impact Top 5 European soccer leagues total attendance – past editions analysis Sporting Impact GSI scope of events by total number of overseas athletes – Top 10 Growth and decline in total attendance of selected North American leagues in 2016 Sporting Impact Average percentage of overseas versus domestic athletes by event type Economic Impact (regular season only) Sporting Impact World championships by total number of overseas athletes – Top 10 Economic Impact Growth and decline in total attendance of tennis competitions in 2016 Sporting Impact Average percentage of overseas versus domestic athletes – summer versus winter events Breakdown of rugby union club competition attendances in 2016 (selected leagues – Average athlete gender percentage at 50 multisport games and world championships Economic Impact Sporting Impact regular season only) held in 2016 Growth and decline in total attendance of club rugby competitions in 2016 Sporting Impact Average athlete gender percentage by event type – summer versus winter events Economic Impact compared to 2015 Sporting Impact Percentage of female athletes at summer and winter Olympic Games (1900-2016) Economic Impact Year-on-year attendance at race weekends for selected F1 races (2015-16) Sporting Impact Global Athlete reach of US Open Singles Championship Economic Impact Year-on-year attendance at race days for selected F1 races (2015-16) Sporting Impact Top 5 European leagues with most nationalities represented Economic Impact Total attendance at MotoGP events over last ten years (2007-2016) Sporting Impact 2016 Tour de France continental athlete representation Comparison of total attendances of European club basketball, handball and volleyball Economic Impact Sporting Impact 2016 Giro d’Italia continental athlete representation competitions across 2015-16 season Sporting Impact 2016 Vuelta a España continental athlete representation Comparison of Final Four attendances for European basketball, handball, volleyball Economic Impact competitions in 2015-16 season Sporting Impact Host nation share of medals won by event type Average attendance at Spanish basketball league for the past six seasons Sporting Impact Host nation medals increase (winter vs summer events) Economic Impact (regular season only) Sporting Impact Rio 2016 Olympic Games continental medals distribution Average attendances of German Eishockey Liga and Swiss National League A Sporting Impact Olympic Games continental medals distribution (2000-2016) Economic Impact competitions from the past five seasons

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