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Cover Colour composite ERTS-1 image for the Sand River Map Area. Date of imaging was May 25, 1973 and a composite was produced to simulate infrared photography. Total area covered by this image is approximately 7,300 square miles. The brown colour indicates mixed wood forests; the pale orange shows cultivation; the dark brown colour indicates lakes; and the white shows clouds. z- Reconnaissance Soi1 L Survey of the Sand River Area (73L) by S.S. Kocaoglu Principal field work by S. S. Kocaoglu and A. Brunelle Agriculture Canada Soil Research lnstitute i The University of Alberta Bulletin N. SS 15 Alberta Institute of Pedology Report No. S-74-34, 1975 . Report prepared for publication by the University Publications Office, The University of Alberta Copyright 0 1975 The Univers@ of Alberta Maps published by Agriculture Canada Distributed by the University of Alberta Bookstore Price $5.00 Printed in Canada by Printing Services of The University of Alberta Contents Acknowledgments 8 Preface 9 Part 1 General description of the area Location and extent 11 Brief history of development II Economie aspects 11 Climate 14 Vegetation 14 Physiography and topography 14 Drainage 15 Bedrock geology 16 Surficial deposits and soi1 parent materials 16 Part 2 Soi1 formation, classification and mapping Soit formation and classification 19 Soi1 mapping 22 Part 3 Land units and soils Land units 27 Land unit 1: Hummocky morainal plain 30 Land unit II: Ridged morainal plain 32 Land unit Ill: Fluted morainal plain 32 Land unit IV: Rolling morainal plain 34 Land unit V: Gluciofluvial plain 36 Land unit VI: Undulating morainal plain 36 Description of soi1 units 38 Alluvium 38 Amisk series 40 Athabasca series 42 Belley series 43 Birkland complex 44 Bonnie complex 44 Chatwin complex 45 Clouston series 45 Codesa complex 46 Codner series 46 Daken series 47 Edwand series 47 Egremont series 47 Fawcett series 48 Fergy series 49 Gabriel series 49 Glory series 49 Good ridge series 50 Grandin series 50 Grosmont series 51 Hilda complex 53 Jarvie series 53 Jeffrey series 54 Kehiwin series 54 3 La Corey series 55 La Fond series 56 Lavesta series 56 Liza series 57 Maloy complex 57 Manatokan complex 57 Mapova series 58 Maywood series 59 Nestow series 60 Newbrook series 60 Nicot complex 61 Ponoka series 61 Redwater series 62 Rimbey series 62 Spedden series 63 Stebbing complex 64 St. Lina complex 64 Tawatinaw series 65 Tolman series 65 Tompkins complex 65 Tomson series 66 Tucker complex 67 Vilna series 67 Winston series 67 Winterburn series 68 Part 4 Uses and management of soils Agriculture 69 Soil capability classification for agriculture 69 Soi1 rating-Storie rating system 71 Soi1 management and productivity of sand river map sheet 71 Engineering properties of soils at selected sites 73 Other land capability classifications 75 Land capability for forestry 75 Land capability for recreation 75 Land capability for wildlife-waterfowl 75 References 77 Part 5 Appendix Definition of descriptive terms 79 Methods of chemical and physical analyses 81 Glossary of terms 81 4 List of figures 1. Sketch map of Alberta showing locations of 25. Soi1 test values for available sulphur computed surveyed areas of which reports have been from farm samples (O-6 inches) during the published 10 period 1970-73 73 2. Present cultivation pattern and intensity in the 26. Soi1 sampling sites for engineering analyses 75 Sand River area 12 A-l Soi1 textural classes. Percentages of sand and 3. Townships, principal towns, and main clay in the main textural classes of soils; the transportation routes in the Sand River area 13 remainder of each class is silt (3) 79 4. Elevations above sea level in the Sand River area, contour interval 100 feet 15 5. Drainage basins of the Sand River area 16 6. Bedrock geology of the Sand River area 17 7. Surface deposits and soi1 parent materials of the Sand River area 18 8. Diagram of a soi1 profile showing various horizons 21 9. ERTS-1 Image (Band 7) of the Sand River area with the land units identified 27 10. Hock-diagram sketch of the Sand River area 28 11. Block-diagram of land unit 1-hummocky morainal plain 31 12. Stereogram of a portion of land unit I- hummocky morainal plain 30 13. Block-diagram sketch of land unit Il-ridged morainal plain 33 14. Stereogram of a portion of land unit Il-ridged morainal plain 32 15. Block-diagram sketch of land unit Ill-fluted morainal plain 35 16. Stereogram of a portion of land unit Ill-fluted morainal plain 34 17. Block-diagram sketch of land unit IV-rolling morainal plain 37 18. Stereogram of a portion of land unit IV-rolling morainal plain 36 19. Block-diagram sketch of land unit V- glaciofluvial plain 39 20. Stereogram of a portion of land unit V- glaciofluvial plain 38 21. Block-diagram sketch of land unit VI- undulating morainal plain 41 22. Stereogram of a portion of land unit VI- undulating morainal plain 40 23. Soil test values for available phosphorus computed from farm samples (O-6 inches) during the period 1961-73 72 24. Soil test values for available potassium computed from farm samples (O-6 inches) during the period 1961-73 72 5 List of tables 1. Monthly temperature and precipitation data 21. Analytical data for a Good Ridge soil at Lac La Biche and Cold Lake 13 (location: SW9-Tp63-R9-W4) 51 2. Common plant species in the Sand River 22. Analytical data for a Grandin soil area 15 (location: NE1 6-Tp65-RI 1 -W4) 52 3. Definitions of soi1 horizon symbols 20 23. Analytical data for a Grosmont soil 4. Classification of the soils of the Sand River (location: NW29-Tp65-RI 3-W4) 52 area 23 24. Analytical data for a Terric Humisol soil 5. Subgroup and family classification of the soils member of the Hilda complex (location: of the Sand River area 26 SW3-Tp63-R3-W4) 52 6. Topography and soils of the land units 29 25. Analytical data for a Kehiwin soil with a 7. Common soils of the hummocky morainal strongly developed Bt horizon and cultivated plain (Figure 11) and their landscape surface horizon (location: NWZI-Tp60- relationships 31 R9-W4) 54 8. Common soils of the ridged morainal plain 26. Analytical data for a La Corey soil (Figure 13) and their landscape (location: SE36-Tp58-R9-W4) 54 relationships 33 27. Analytical data for a Liza soil (location: 9. Common soils of the fluted morainal plain SW25-Tp61 -R7-W4) 56 (Figure 15) and their landscape 28. Analytical data for a Humic Mesisol relationships 35 member of the Maloy complex (location: 10. Common soils of the rolling morainal plain SWZ-Tp64-R9-W4) 56 (Figure 17) and their landscape 29. Analytical data for a Terric Mesisol relationships 37 member of the Manatokan complex (location: 11. Common soils of the glaciofluvial plain SW21 -Tp63-R3-W4) 58 (Figure 19) and their landscape 30. Analytical data for a Mapova soil relationships 39 (location: SE32-Tp61 -R6-W4) 58 12. Common soils of the undulating morainal plain 31. Analytical data for a Maywood soil (Figure 21) and their landscape (location: SW5-Tp67-R13-W4) 59 relationships 41 32. Analytical data for a Nestow soil 13. Analytical data for a soil of the (location: SW32-Tp68-R13-W4) 59 Athabasca series (location: NW5-Tp69-R9-W4) 43 33. Analytical data for a Degraded Eutric 14. Analytical data for a Terric Fibrisol Brunisol member of the Nicot Complex member of the Birkland complex (location: (location: SE1 O-Tp62-R7-W4) 61 SW26-Tp67-R13-W4) 44 34. Analytical data for a Ponoka soil 15. Analytical data for a Humisol member (location: NE8-Tp62-R3-W4) 61 of the Bonnie complex (location: SWI 7-Tp59- 35. Analytical data for a Rimbey soil R13-W4) 44 (location: NWI O-Tp63-R4-W4) 63 16. Analytical data for a Typic Mesisol 36. Analytical data for a Spedden soi1 member of the Chatwin complex (location: (location: SWI 0-TpGO-RI 1 -W4) 63 NWI O-Tp64Rll -W4) 45 37. Analytical data for a Sphagno-Fibrisol 17. Analytical data for a Degraded Eutric member of the Stebbing complex (location: Brunisol member of the Codesa complex SW25-Tp68-RI 3-W4) 64 (location: NW23-Tp62-R4-W4) 45 38. Analytical data for a Terric Humic 18. Analytical data for a Fawcett soil Mesisol member of the St. Lina complex (location: SWl Z-Tp63-R3-W4) 48 (location: SW27-Tp63-Rl O-W4) 64 19. Analytical data for a Fergy soil 39. Analytical data for a Tolman soil (location: NW24-Tp58-RI 2-W4) 48 (location: NWZO-Tp63-R5-W4) 65 20. Analytical data for a Glory soil 40. Analytical data for a Tomson soil (location: NW24-Tp60-R8-W4) 51 (location: SW28-Tp60-Rl -W4) 66 6 41. Analytical data for a Terric Mesic Fibrisol member of the Tucker complex (location: SE36-Tp62-R5-W4) 66 42. Analytical data for a Vilna soi1 (location: SW8-Tp59-R13-W4) 67 43. Analytical data for a Winston soil (location: SW3-Tp59-R9-W4) 68 44. Storie soil ratings for major soils of the Sand River area 71 45. Engineering test data for selected sites in the Sand River area 74 7 Acknowledgements The soi1 survey of the Sand River area was The soils were mapped in the field by L.K. Brocke, conducted by the Research Branch, Agriculture A. Brunelle, P.H. Crown, A.A. Kjearsgaard, Canada, as part of a joint project involving Alberta S.S. Kocaoglu, W.W.