DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigate the Influence of Expanded Clay Aggregate and Silica Fume On

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigate the Influence of Expanded Clay Aggregate and Silica Fume On Construction and Building Materials 220 (2019) 253–266 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Construction and Building Materials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/conbuildmat Investigate the influence of expanded clay aggregate and silica fume on the properties of lightweight concrete ⇑ Muhammad Riaz Ahmad a,b,c, Bing Chen a,b, , Syed Farasat Ali Shah a,b a State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China b Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China c Department of Civil Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan highlights Energy efficient concrete with environmental impact was produced. The expanded clay aggregate and foam was used to produce thermal mass concrete. Lightweight concrete exhibited higher indoor thermal comfort properties. Produced concrete provided the balance between thermal and structural performance. article info abstract Article history: This study concentrated on the formulation of self-flowing and an energy efficient lightweight aggregate Received 29 December 2018 foamed concrete (LAFC) to be employed as thermal insulation, thermal mass and structural material. Low Received in revised form 14 May 2019 density concrete mixtures (for the density values from 800 to 1300 kg/m3) were prepared by changing Accepted 28 May 2019 the volume of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (ECA) from 49.4% to 20.1%. Flowing properties of con- Available online 10 June 2019 crete mixtures were improved with the help of stable foam. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced by the 5% and 10% silica fume (SF) to examine the influence of SF on the properties of LAFC. Keywords: Compressive strength and tensile strength of LAFC mixtures were respectively enhanced from 6.5 MPa Foamed concrete to 24.30 MPa and 0.52 MPa to 1.63 MPa by reducing the volume of ECA from 49.4% to 20.1%. LAFC mixture Expanded clay aggregate Porosity (800-0SF) with the lowest density exhibited highest porosity and sorption coefficient value of 70.63% and À2 À0.5 Sorptivity 2.56 kg m min . Thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of À1 À1 3 2 Thermal conductivity LAFC mixtures were in the range of 0.23–0.45 W m K , 1136–1631 kJ/m .K and 0.20–0.275 mm /s respectively. SEM analysis revealed that reduction in the volume of ECA and addition of SF densified the microstructure of LAFC. Finally, LAFC mixtures were classified into Class-I, Class-II and Class-III grade concretes for the structure and insulation purposes as per functional classification of RILEM. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction bility and energy efficiency of buildings can be increased through the improvement in thermal properties of construction materials. Due to the scarcity of available energy resources, a lot of A lot of previous studies have examined the workability, researches are being conducted on the usage of energy saving mechanical, thermal and hygroscopic properties of lightweight and energy efficient materials, and some countries have included concrete containing foam and lightweight aggregate. Lightweight the use of these materials in their fundamental policy to conserve concretes, foamed concretes and aerated concretes with excellent the natural resources. In China, construction industry nearly con- thermal properties have been used as exterior wall materials sumes 35% of total energy [1]. In the modern day, construction [2–9]. Foamed concrete belongs to the family of lightweight con- industry is rapidly growing industry because of the peak demands crete and it is mainly composed of Portland cement (OPC), foaming of contemporary infrastructure. In such cases, environmental sta- agent, and aggregate. The purpose of using foaming agent is to introduce entrapped air in lightweight concrete [10]. Generally, mechanical properties of Lightweight aggregate foamed concrete ⇑ Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineeing, Shanghai (LAFC) are inferior to normal weight concrete (NWC), but it can Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China. be employed as partition and load-bearing walls for the low-rise E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Chen). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.171 0950-0618/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 254 M.R. Ahmad et al. / Construction and Building Materials 220 (2019) 253–266 buildings [5,11,12]. Opposite to normal weight concrete, Light- weight aggregate foamed concrete can be also used for thermal insulation, void filling, vibration attenuation and dead load reduc- tion. Recently, foam concretes have been formulated with the wide range of densities (300–1600 kg/m3), compressive strength (0.3– 30 MPa) and thermal conductivities (0.2–0.8 WmÀ1 KÀ1) [4,6,13,14]. Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) mainly improves the thermal and sound insulation properties of buildings beside its structural applications. Lightweight aggregate used in the LWAC should conforms to ASTM C330 [15] and 28 days compressive strength of LWAC should be at least 17 MPa with the density in the range of 1120–1920 kg/m3 [16]. LWAC concrete can be pre- pared either by using naturally available lightweight aggregate or artificially made lightweight aggregate. Artificial LWA are normally Fig. 1. Proportion of measured thermal properties of cement and concrete k b produced by using the natural raw materials or byproducts [15]. ( – thermal conductivity, Cp – specific heat capacity, – thermal diffusivity). Expanded clay aggregate (ECA) is a type of artificially produced LWA that is formed by expanding the natural clay at a high tem- agent tends to form micropores inside the concrete. A stable foam perature of around 1200 °C in a rotary kiln [17–19]. The particles was used to improve the homogeneity and avoid the segregation shape of ECA is spherical with they have a closed and barely porous and bleeding of lightweight concrete. The produced concrete outer surface as compared to inner structure that is black in the demonstrated considerably superior thermal and mechanical prop- color and highly porous. Previously ECA has been used to prepare erties as compared to previous studies for the same range of den- lightweight masonry plaster and mortar [20,21], self-healing con- sity. Mix design of concrete was carried out for the different crete [22], structural lightweight and self-compacting concrete volume of expanded clay lightweight aggregate (ECA) ranging from [7,12], as a filler in aluminum tubes [23], and for the thermal insu- 20.1% to 49.4%. SF was also incorporated to check its effect on the lation purposes [7]. In the traditional concrete, strength of normal properties of LAFC. Workability, mechanical, thermal, hygroscopic weight aggregate is generally higher as compared to interfacial and microstructural properties of LAFC were investigated for the transition zone (ITZ) and matrix. However, LWA acts as a weakest characterization purpose. source of strength in the LWAC and it can significantly affect the elastic and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete [24]. Past studies investigated the aggregates properties and their effects on 2. Materials and methods the properties of concrete. It was reported that weakest compo- nent of the concrete determines its strength. If aggregate is stron- 2.1. Raw materials gest component of concrete mixture, forces are transferred through the aggregate and matrix. However, stress is transmitted through Several LAFC mixtures were prepared by mixing the following the cement matrix and cracks are spread through the aggregate if raw materials; ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as cementitious LWA is weakest constituent in comparison with matrix. Hence, it materials, ceramsite based expanded clay aggregate (ECA) as light- was concluded that LWA is a weakest link as compared to ITZ in weight aggregate, uncompacted silica fume (SF), animal protein- the LWAC [25–27]. based foaming agent, Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SP) and Production of lightweight concrete having the self-flowing water. SP was in the solid form with the chloride content less than 3 properties is a challenging task when employing the high propor- 0.20%, pH value of 9.0 ± 0.2, bulk density value of 550 kg/m , water tion of lightweight aggregate. The formulated concrete mixtures reduction rate of 20% and completely soluble in the mix. Ordinary are prone to segregation and bleeding. Lightweight concrete with Portland cement (OPC) with a 28-day compressive strength of the density in range of 800–1300 kg/m3 are normally used only 55.5 MPa was used. The silica fume was obtained from Elkem for insulation purposes due to their lower mechanical properties Materials Co., Ltd with a SiO2 content of 92.4%. ECA made by heat- as compared to normal weight concrete. Most of the studies ing around 1200 °C was transported from Shandong province of focused of lightweight concrete to be used either as structural China. Photograph and SEM images of SF, cement, foam and ECA materials having high strength or non-structural materials having are shown in the Fig. 2. It can be observed that ECA exhibits highly low thermal conductivity. The balance between the thermal and porous structure. The chemical composition of OPC and SF is given mechanical properties is not discussed. Also, the available knowl- in the Table 1. The physical properties of lightweight aggregate are edge regarding the thermal properties of lightweight aggregate given in Table 2. concrete is not sufficient. It can be observed from the Fig. 1 that high proportion of studies have investigated only thermal conduc- 2.2. Mixtures preparation tivity of cement and concrete in details [28]. Contrarily, there are only few studies are available on the thermal properties (volumet- LAFC mixtures were prepared by mixing the OPC, SF, ECA, foam- ric specific heat capacity or thermal mass, thermal diffusivity and ing agent, superplasticizer and water in various proportions. Four thermal resistivity). Hence, the main objective of this research is mix proportions were designed to prepare the foamed concrete to formulate self-flowing and an energy efficient low-density light- of different densities.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • South Palo Alto Tunnel with At-Grade Freight
    RAIL FACT SHEETS South Palo Alto Tunnel with At-Grade Freight About the Tunnel with At-Grade Freight For the tunnel alternative, the railroad tracks will be lowered in a trench south of Oregon Expressway to approximately Loma Verde Avenue. The twin bore tunnel will begin near Loma Verde Avenue and extend to just south of Charleston Road. The railroad tracks will then be raised in trench to approximately Ferne Avenue. The new electrified southbound railroad tracks will be built at the same horizontal location as the existing railroad track, however, the northbound track will be moved to the east within the limits of the tunnel to accommodate the spacing required between the twin bores. The railroad tracks in the trench and tunnel will carry only passenger trains. The freight trains will remain at-grade. The roadways at Meadow Drive and Charleston Road remain at their existing grade and will have a similar configuration that exists today with the addition of Class II buffered bike lanes on Charleston Road. This will require expanding the width of the road to maintain bike lanes through the overpass of the railroad. By the numbers Neighborhood Considerations • Diameter of twin bores is 30 feet. • Alma Street will permanently be reduced to one lane • Railroad track is designed for 110 mph. in each direction from south of Oregon Expressway to Ventura Avenue and from Charleston Road to Ferne • Meadow Drive and Charleston Road are Avenue. designed for 25 mph. • The train tracks will be approximately 70 feet below the Proposed Ground Level View - Looking Southwest • Maximum grade on railroad is 2%.
    [Show full text]
  • Harvesting Peat from the Bog to Your Operation
    MEDIA & FERTILIZER Harvesting Peat from the Bog to your Operation Figure 1. A virgin sphagnum bog in Quebec, Canada. Learn what’s involved in harvesting, packaging and shipping peat for horticulture production. The Canadian Peat Moss Industry By Neil Mattson, Bill Miller and Jeff Bishop • In 1999, 1.2 million metric tons of peat (10 million cubic meters) was harvested in Canada. n the 1960s, professors at Cornell University Harvesting and Processing were among the fi rst to advocate the use of peat When a company wants to open a new peat • It is estimated that 70 million metric tons in their soilless Peat-Lite mixes for greenhouse bog for harvesting, surveys are conducted to of peat accumulates annually in Canada, so production. Several properties of peat moss determine if a site contains horticulture grade current harvesting represents 1.7 percent Ihave led to its widespread adoption by the industry sphagnum. Th e peat should have a depth of at of annual accumulation. Thus, peat is over the intervening decades; these include: high least 2 meters, as it is desirable that a bog be able accumulating some 60 times faster than water holding and cation exchange capacity, lack to be harvested for many years (Figure 2). Ditches it is being harvested. of residual herbicides and weed seeds compared are built to drain surface water and access roads • Canada is estimated to contain 280 mil- to soil and composts, and low incidence of root- lion acres of peat land. In contrast, the peat borne pathogens. industry harvests on ca. 42,000 acres.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 9. SITE DEVELOPMENT Article 1. Grading, Excavation and Filling Sec
    Walnut Creek Municipal Code TITLE 9. BUILDING REGULATIONS CHAPTER 9. SITE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 9. SITE DEVELOPMENT Article 1. Grading, Excavation and Filling Sec. 9-9.01. Purpose. It is the declared intent of the City of Walnut Creek to promote the conservation of natural resources, including the natural beauties of the land, streams and water sheds, hills and vegetation, and as described in Sec. 10-2.1301 of the Walnut Creek Municipal Code and Government Code §65560(b) (1) to protect the health and safety, including the reduction or elimination of the hazards of earth slides, mud flows, rock falls, undue settlement, erosion, siltation and flooding, or other special conditions as described in Government Code §65560(b) (4) by minimizing the adverse effects of grading, cut and fill operations, water runoff and soil erosion. Therefore, the following regulatory provisions of this chapter are hereby adopted for the purpose of stringent control of all aspects of grading operations. (§1, Ord. 1193, eff. December 26, 1973) Sec. 9-9.02. Permits Required. No person shall do any grading without first having obtained a grading permit from the City except for the following: a. An excavation below finished grade for basements and footings of a building, retaining wall, swimming pool or other structure authorized by a valid building permit. This statement shall not exempt from permit requirements any fill made with the material from such excavation nor exempt any excavation having an unsupported height greater than five feet after the completion of such structure; b. Cemetery graves; c. Refuse disposal sites controlled by other regulations; d.
    [Show full text]
  • Slope Stabilization and Repair Solutions for Local Government Engineers
    Slope Stabilization and Repair Solutions for Local Government Engineers David Saftner, Principal Investigator Department of Civil Engineering University of Minnesota Duluth June 2017 Research Project Final Report 2017-17 • mndot.gov/research To request this document in an alternative format, such as braille or large print, call 651-366-4718 or 1- 800-657-3774 (Greater Minnesota) or email your request to [email protected]. Please request at least one week in advance. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. 3. Recipients Accession No. MN/RC 2017-17 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Slope Stabilization and Repair Solutions for Local Government June 2017 Engineers 6. 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. David Saftner, Carlos Carranza-Torres, and Mitchell Nelson 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. Department of Civil Engineering CTS #2016011 University of Minnesota Duluth 11. Contract (C) or Grant (G) No. 1405 University Dr. (c) 99008 (wo) 190 Duluth, MN 55812 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Minnesota Local Road Research Board Final Report Minnesota Department of Transportation Research Services & Library 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 395 John Ireland Boulevard, MS 330 St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-1899 15. Supplementary Notes http:// mndot.gov/research/reports/2017/201717.pdf 16. Abstract (Limit: 250 words) The purpose of this project is to create a user-friendly guide focusing on locally maintained slopes requiring reoccurring maintenance in Minnesota. This study addresses the need to provide a consistent, logical approach to slope stabilization that is founded in geotechnical research and experience and applies to common slope failures.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 31 22 13 ‐ Site Grading
    University of Houston Master Construction Specifications Insert Project Name SECTION 31 22 13 ‐ SITE GRADING PART 1 ‐ GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE OF WORK A. This Section pertains to the earthwork generally consisting of excavation, filling, backfilling and subgrade preparation as required for construction of site retaining walls/structures, slab on grade walks, pavement surfaces, landscaped areas and the general shaping of the site as shown, described or reasonably inferred on the drawings. B. Subsurface data is available from the *Owner. Contractor is urged to carefully analyze the site conditions. C. This section excludes work necessary for building pad preparations. Work within the building footprint and surrounding 5 feet shall be accomplished under technical specification 31 23 00 Excavation and Fill prepared by *STRUCTURAL ENGINEER]. D. Construction Means, Methods, Techniques, Sequences and Procedures: 1. The Contractor is solely responsible for, and has sole control over, construction means, methods, techniques, sequences and procedures, and for coordinating all portions of the Work. 2. Shoring that is required to complete the Work, is considered a method or technique and is the sole responsibility of the Contractor. If a regulatory agency requires a licensed engineer to design, approve or provide drawings for shoring, then it is the sole responsibility of the Contractor to engage the services of a qualified Engineer for shoring design services. 1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including A‐procurement and Contracting Requirements, Division 00 and Division 01 apply to this section. B. Section 31 11 00 Clearing and Grubbing C. Section 31 23 33 Trenching, Backfilling and Compaction D.
    [Show full text]
  • Steep Slopes
    FACT SHEET : 12 FACT SHEET: 12 Steep Slopes iTRaC is the Nashua Regional Steep slopes are legally defined as hillsides Figure 1: Example of a 15% slope Planning having a 15 foot, or greater, vertical rise Commission’s over 100 feet of horizontal run, or 15% slope 15% slope new approach 75’ to community (Figure 1). They are often undesirable ar- planning that eas for development due to the difficulty focuses on 500’ integrating of building on steep grades. On the other transportation, hand, these slopes can provide wildlife land use and environmental habitat, recreational opportunities, and Steep slopes have a ≥15 ft vertical rise over a planning. The scenic views, preserving the unique and 100 ft horizontal run, or a 15% slope. program was developed to culturally valuable environmental qualities assist that people treasure in New Hampshire. communities in dealing with the challenges of growth in a Difficulties Developing Steep Slopes coordinated Strategies for Developing Steep Slopes way that sustains Erosion ~ The loss of vegetation and Vegetation can stabilize soil and prevent erosion community disruption of natural drainage patterns on steep slopes by binding loose soil with roots character and brought about by development on a sense of and slowing the passage of water down the place. steep slopes can cause erosion problems slope. Replanting disturbed locations after con- leading to potential flooding, stream struction with a combination of trees, shrubs, sedimentation, and slope instability. and groundcover is key. Infrastructure ~ Providing infrastructure to hillside development can be expensive Berms are long earthen mounds running per- to engineer and construct.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Overview and History of the Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate
    Chapter 1 Overview and History of the Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate Industry April 2007 Expanded Shale, Clay & Slate Institute (ESCSI) 2225 E. Murray Holladay Rd, Suite 102 Salt Lake City, Utah 84117 (801) 272-7070 Fax: (801) 272-3377 [email protected] www.escsi.org CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 How it started 1.3 Beginnings of the Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate (ESCS) Industry 1.4 What is Rotary Kiln Produced ESCS Lightweight Aggregate? 1.5 What is Lightweight Concrete? 1.6 Marine Structures The Story of the Selma Powell River Concrete Ships Concrete Ships of World War II (1940-1947) Braddock Gated Dam Off Shore Platforms 1.7 First Building Using Structural Lightweight Concrete 1.8 Growth of the ESCS Industry 1.9 Lightweight Concrete Masonry Units Advantages of Lightweight Concrete Masonry Units 1.10 High Rise Building Parking Structures 1.11 Precast-Prestressed Lightweight Concrete 1.12 Thin Shell Construction 1.13 Resistance to Nuclear Blast 1.14 Design Flexibility 1.15 Floor and Roof Fill 1.16 Bridges 1.17 Horticulture Applications 1.18 Asphalt Surface Treatment and Hotmix Applications 1.19 A World of Uses – Detailed List of Applications SmartWall® High Performance Concrete Masonry Asphalt Pavement (Rural, City and Freeway) Structural Concrete (Including high performance) Geotechnical Horticulture Applications Specialty Concrete Miscellaneous Appendix 1A ESCSI Information Sheet #7600 “Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate- A World of Applications…Worldwide 1-1 1.1 Introduction The purpose of this reference manual (RM) is to provide information on the practical application of expanded shale, clay and slate (ESCS) lightweight aggregates.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Sewage Sludge Content and Sintering Temperature
    materials Article The Influence of Sewage Sludge Content and Sintering Temperature on Selected Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Jolanta Latosi ´nska 1,* , Maria Zygadło˙ 1 and Przemysław Czapik 2 1 Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysi ˛acleciaPa´nstwaPolskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysi ˛acleciaPa´nstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-41-34-24-571 Abstract: Wastewater treatment processes produce sewage sludge (SS), which, in line with environ- mental sustainability principles, can be a valuable source of matter in the production of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). The literature on the influence of SS content and sintering tempera- ture on the properties of LECA is scarce. This paper aims to statistically evaluate the effects of SS content and sintering temperature on LECA physical properties. Total porosity, pore volume, and apparent density were determined with the use of a density analyzer. A helium pycnometer was uti- lized to determine the specific density. Closed porosity was calculated. The test results demonstrated a statistically significant influence of the SS content on the specific density and water absorption of LECA. The sintering temperature had a significant effect on the specific density, apparent density, total porosity, closed porosity, total volume of pores, and water absorption. It was proved that a broad range of the SS content is admissible in the raw material mass for the production of LECA.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparitive Study on Deflouridation of Water Using LECA Balls
    Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 8 Issue 05, May-2019 Comparitive Study on Deflouridation of Water using LECA Balls and Natural Bioabsorbents Babitha Peter 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering , Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Kerala Aysha P Beeran Mohammed Sahal V S 2Department of Civil Engineering , 4Department of Civil Engineering , Ilahia College o f Engineering and Technology, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology , Kerala Kerala Farha K R Swaleel Falahi 3Department Of Civil Engineering , 5Department of Civil Engineering , Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Kerala Kerala Abstract:- Environmental contamination due to various are affected by fluoride contamination in water. This involves chemicals and its subsequent harmful health effects in obvious about 9000 villages affecting 30 million people. forms in all living creatures including human and animal merits It must be noted that the problem of excess fluoride in serious attention worldwide. Fluoride is an essential micro drinking water is of recent origin in most parts. Digging up of element for human health. shallow aquifers for irrigation has resulted in declining levels Defluoridation refers to method of water treatment that reduces of ground water. As a result, deeper aquifers are used, and the concentration of fluoride in the water. This technique is used for the removal of excess fluoride from the aqueous solution the water in these aquifers contains a higher level of fluoride. using tamarind fruit cover and LECA balls. • To compare the fluoride removal efficiency of Fluoride is often described as a ‘double-edged sword’ as different materials on water inadequate ingestion is associated with dental caries, where as • To study the effect of pH of different materials on excessive intake leads to dental, skeletal and soft tissue fluorosis- fluoride remova l of water which has no cure.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Site Grading Design
    188.pdf A SunCam online continuing education course Fundamentals of Site Grading Design by Joshua A. Tiner, P.E. 188.pdf Fundamentals of Site Grading A SunCam online continuing education course Table of Contents A. Introduction B. Basics • Background: • Existing Conditions: • Contour Lines: • Spot Elevations / Spot Grades: • Other Standard Annotations: • Slope • Plan Setup • Limit of Disturbance / Transition between Existing and New Grades • The Inverse Slope/Contour Calculation Method C. Design Parameters and Other Limitations • Design Parameters • Positive Drainage • Rules of Thumb o Maximum Access Drive Slope: 8% o Maximum Parking Lot Slope: 5% o Maximum Slope in Maintainable Grassed Landscaped Areas 3:1 o Maximum Slope in Stabilized Landscaped Areas 2:1 o Slopes exceeding 2:1 o Minimum Slope of Asphalt: 1.5% o Minimum Slope of Concrete: 0.75% o Minimum Slope of Concrete Curb: 0.75% o Loading Dock grading: 2.0% for 60’ • ADA Requirements • Cut-Fill Analysis • Rock Ledge walls D. Other Grading Features • Berms • Swales • Ridge Lines • Retaining Walls E. Problem Areas and Other Locations of Importance • Landscaped Islands and Peninsulas • ADA Parking Spaces • Longitudinal Islands with Sidewalks • Flush Ramps • Drainage Outfall Location • Setting the Finished Floor • Property Line grading F. Summary and Conclusion www.SunCam.com Copyright 2014 Joshua A. Tiner, P.E. Page 2 of 24 188.pdf Fundamentals of Site Grading A SunCam online continuing education course A. Introduction This course is developed to identify the fundamentals of site grading design to those who are not experienced with site grading design, as well as a refresher to anyone who has worked in Civil Engineering and/or Land Development.
    [Show full text]
  • Stallion Synopsis For: Not This Time Prepared By: Alan Porter Prepared For: Taylor Made Stallions
    STALLION SYNOPSIS FOR: NOT THIS TIME PREPARED BY: ALAN PORTER PREPARED FOR: TAYLOR MADE STALLIONS INC Pedigree Consultants are able to help you in all facets of your thoroughbred investment. Not only are we able to proven mating advice but we are also able to advise on mare selection, management and promotion of stallions, and selection and purchase of racing and breeding stock. For more information on the services visit www.pedigreeconsultants.com, email [email protected] or call +1 859 285 0431. NOT THIS TIME The most brilliant two-year-old son of sire of sires, Giant’s Causeway, Not This Time was also arguably the fastest and most spectacular two-year-old of his crop. In addition to being by Storm Cat’s leading sire son, he is out of record-breaking graded and multiple stakes winning Miss Macy Sue – also dam of brilliant Breeders’ Cup Mile (gr. I) victor Liam’s Map – and descends from Ta Wee, a two-time Champion Sprinter who is half-sister to the legendary Dr. Fager. Giant’s Causeway has demonstrated an affinity for the Fappiano branch of Mr. Prospector, and Fappiano is particularly interesting here, as he is out of a mare by Dr. Fager, which should work extremely well with remarkable strong Tartan Farm/Genter heritage in the dam of Not This Time (which includes inbreeding to Dr. Fager’s brilliant half-sister, Ta Wee). We can note that Unbridled’s Song – a grandson of Fappiano – is the sire of Not This Time’s brilliant half-brother Liam’s Map.
    [Show full text]
  • Unstable Slope Advisory for Solid Waste Landfill Facilities (GD #586)
    GUIDANCE DOCUMENT #586 Division of Materials & Waste Management October 2014 (originally published on May 29, 2004)1 Unstable Slope Advisory for Solid Waste Landfill Facilities Applicable Rules MSW: OAC 3745-27-19(E)(1)(c) ISW: OAC 3745-29-19(E)(1)(c) RSW: OAC 3745-30-14(E)(1)(c) Tires: OAC 3745-27-75(E)(19) C&DD: OAC 3745-400-11(E)(1) DMWM Cross-Referenced guidance document: #660 Geotechnical and Stability Analyses for Ohio Waste Containment Facilities Purpose This document outlines the operational and construction practices of material placement for maintaining stable waste slopes and the structural integrity of engineered components. Applicability This document applies to operating municipal (MSW), industrial (ISW) and residual (RSW) solid waste landfills, scrap tire monofills, and construction and demolition debris (C&DD) landfills. Background Operational and construction practices have a profound impact upon the stability of waste slopes and in maintaining the integrity of the engineered components. Excavated and constructed slopes (including waste slopes) can fail if sound operating and construction practices are not followed. Several incidents involving failure of slopes and damage to engineered components have occurred at solid waste landfills around the state. Each incident can, in part, be attributed to construction and operational errors, specifically over-steep waste slopes. The operators at the facilities where these failures occurred placed waste at a grade that exceeded the shear resistance of the affected material, or the shear forces induced by waste placement exceeded the shear resistance of one of the geosynthetic and/or soil interfaces. Additionally, each of these facility operators incurred significant cost to assess and repair damage to the engineered components of the facility.
    [Show full text]