Linux® Firewalls: Enhancing Security with Nftables and Beyond
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Redbooks Paper Linux on IBM Zseries and S/390
Redbooks Paper Simon Williams Linux on IBM zSeries and S/390: TCP/IP Broadcast on z/VM Guest LAN Preface This Redpaper provides information to help readers plan for and exploit Internet Protocol (IP) broadcast support that was made available to z/VM Guest LAN environments with the introduction of the z/VM 4.3 Operating System. Using IP broadcast support, Linux guests can for the first time use DHCP to lease an IP address dynamically from a DHCP server in a z/VM Guest LAN environment. This frees the administrator from the previous method of having to hardcode an IP address for every Linux guest in the system. This new feature enables easier deployment and administration of large-scale Linux environments. Objectives The objectives of this paper are to: Review the z/VM Guest LAN environment Explain IP broadcast Introduce the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Explain how DHCP works in a z/VM Guest LAN Describe how to implement DHCP in a z/VM Guest LAN environment © Copyright IBM Corp. 2003. All rights reserved. ibm.com/redbooks 1 z/VM Guest LAN Attention: While broadcast support for z/VM Guest LANs was announced with the base z/VM 4.3 operating system, the user must apply the PTF for APAR VM63172. This APAR resolves several issues which have been found to inhibit the use of DHCP by Linux-based applications running over the z/VM Guest LAN (in simulated QDIO mode). Introduction Prior to z/VM 4.2, virtual connectivity options for connecting one or more virtual machines (VM guests) was limited to virtual channel-to-channel adapters (CTCA) and the Inter-User Communications Vehicle (IUCV) facility. -
Firewalld ↔ Iptables (Continued)
firewalld ↔ iptables (continued) Or, better said as, Understanding Linux Firewall Changes and Tools A firewall evolution and system management process Presented to SLUUG By David Forrest August 9, 2017 Bio I am David Forrest, a businessman in the housing and construction materials industry. Always keen to use the open and supportable solution even if it means getting my hands dirty. I was there, I did that, I have the t-shirt. And, I'm retired so now I can work on the “bleeding edge” - so on to the testing kernel! Why tonight? Why should we switch to firewalld? I felt a continuation was in order to address the problems that are caused by the virtual world and the interaction of processes within today's machines. Our various distributions seem to be jumping to the systemd init setup as it appears to offer better administration control to Linux Kernel machines. Firewalld just one of many efforts to see the future. In recent years, operating system virtualization has taken the industry by storm. But I'm still on CentOS7 and it uses firewalld as its default firewall along with systemd https://wiki.debian.org/Debate/initsystem/systemd firewalld It's a daemon and a command line interface to all the backends! One can start it as a service with a default setup and change it dynamically with a command line or with the daemon using D-Bus or NetworkManager. And with the new nftables release, we'll be able to combine several rules in one rich rule. The firewalld Architecture Firewalld and nft Systems have also moved toward Software Defined Networking (SDN) and system density has increased. -
Hardening Linux
eBooks-IT.org 4444_FM_final.qxd 1/5/05 12:39 AM Page i eBooks-IT.org Hardening Linux JAMES TURNBULL 4444_FM_final.qxd 1/5/05 12:39 AM Page ii eBooks-IT.org Hardening Linux Copyright © 2005 by James Turnbull All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN (pbk): 1-59059-444-4 Printed and bound in the United States of America 987654321 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Jim Sumser Technical Reviewer: Judith Myerson Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Dan Appleman, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Tony Davis, Jason Gilmore, Chris Mills, Dominic Shakeshaft, Jim Sumser Project Manager: Kylie Johnston Copy Edit Manager: Nicole LeClerc Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett Production Manager: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Kelly Winquist Compositor: Linda Weidemann Proofreader: Lori Bring Indexer: Kevin Broccoli Artist: Kinetic Publishing Services, LLC Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Manager: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade in the United States by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013, and outside the United States by Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69112 Heidelberg, Germany. In the United States: phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail [email protected], or visit http://www.springer-ny.com. -
Release Notes for Debian 10 (Buster), 32-Bit PC
Release Notes for Debian 10 (buster), 32-bit PC The Debian Documentation Project (https://www.debian.org/doc/) September 28, 2021 Release Notes for Debian 10 (buster), 32-bit PC This document is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. The license text can also be found at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html and /usr/ share/common-licenses/GPL-2 on Debian systems. ii Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Reporting bugs on this document . 1 1.2 Contributing upgrade reports . 1 1.3 Sources for this document . 2 2 What’s new in Debian 10 3 2.1 Supported architectures . 3 2.2 What’s new in the distribution? . 3 2.2.1 UEFI Secure Boot . 4 2.2.2 AppArmor enabled per default . 4 2.2.3 Optional hardening of APT . 5 2.2.4 Unattended-upgrades for stable point releases . 5 2.2.5 Substantially improved man pages for German speaking users . 5 2.2.6 Network filtering based on nftables framework by default . -
Red Hat Virtualization 4.4 Package Manifest
Red Hat Virtualization 4.4 Package Manifest Package listing for Red Hat Virtualization 4.4 Last Updated: 2021-09-09 Red Hat Virtualization 4.4 Package Manifest Package listing for Red Hat Virtualization 4.4 Red Hat Virtualization Documentation Team Red Hat Customer Content Services [email protected] Legal Notice Copyright © 2021 Red Hat, Inc. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, the Red Hat logo, JBoss, OpenShift, Fedora, the Infinity logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Linux ® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java ® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS ® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL ® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. Node.js ® is an official trademark of Joyent. -
Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful Iot Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment — Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M
Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment — Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Demystifying Internet of Things Security: Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Chandler, AZ, USA Chandler, AZ, USA Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Beaverton, OR, USA Gilbert, AZ, USA ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-2895-1 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-2896-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2896-8 Copyright © 2020 by The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. -
Migrazione Da Iptables a Nftables
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI GENOVA MASTER IN CYBER SECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION Migrazione da iptables a nftables Autore: Tutor accademico: dott. Marco DE BENEDETTO prof. Mario MARCHESE Tutor aziendale: dott. Carlo BERUTTI BERGOTTO Project Work finale del Master di secondo livello in Cyber Security and Data Protection III edizione (a.a. 2016/17) 10 marzo 2019 iii Indice 1 Introduzione 1 2 Packet Filtering in Linux 3 2.1 Storia ...................................... 3 2.2 Netfilter .................................... 4 2.3 Nftables successore di iptables? ....................... 6 3 Firewall Linux nella rete Galliera 7 3.1 Cenni storici .................................. 7 3.2 Architettura attuale .............................. 7 3.3 Problemi dell’infrastruttura ......................... 9 3.4 Opportunità di migrazione a nftables ................... 9 4 Nftables 11 4.1 Caratteristiche di nftables .......................... 11 4.2 Packet flow in nftables ............................ 12 4.3 Strumenti di debug e tracing ......................... 15 5 Migrazione del Captive Portal 17 5.1 Captive Portal con iptables .......................... 17 5.2 Captive Portal nella versione nftables ................... 19 5.3 Autorizzazioni temporizzate ........................ 20 5.4 Aggiornamento del timeout ......................... 21 5.5 Limitazione della banda ........................... 22 6 Strumenti di sviluppo e test 25 6.1 Virtualizzazione ................................ 25 6.2 Debug ..................................... 26 7 Considerazioni finali -
Self-Adaptable Security Monitoring for Iaas Cloud Environments Anna Giannakou
Self-adaptable Security Monitoring for IaaS Cloud Environments Anna Giannakou To cite this version: Anna Giannakou. Self-adaptable Security Monitoring for IaaS Cloud Environments. Operating Sys- tems [cs.OS]. Insa Rennes, 2017. English. tel-01653831v1 HAL Id: tel-01653831 https://hal.inria.fr/tel-01653831v1 Submitted on 1 Dec 2017 (v1), last revised 20 Apr 2018 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE INSA Rennes présentée par sous le sceau de Université Bretagne Loire pour obtenir le titre de Anna Giannakou DOCTEUR DE L’INSA DE RENNES ECOLE DOCTORALE : Matisse Spécialité : Informatique LABORATOIRE : Irisa Thèse soutenue le 06.07.2017 devant le jury composé de : Self-adaptable Security Eric Totel Monitoring for IaaS Cloud Professeur, Centrale-Supélec / président Sara Bouchenak Professeur, INSA Lyon / rapporteur Environments Hervé Debar Professeur, Télécom SudParis / rapporteur EddY Caron Maître de Conférences, HDR, ENS Lyon / examinateur Stephen Scott Professeur, Tennessee Tech University / examinateur Christine Morin Directrice de Recherche, INRIA Rennes / Co-directrice de thèse Jean-Louis Pazat Professeur, INSA Rennes / Directeur de thèse Louis Rilling Ingénieur-Chercheur, DGA MI / Co-encadrant de thèse Self-adaptable Security Monitoring for IaaS Cloud Environments Anna Giannakou Document protégé par les droits d’auteur Publications: o National ▪ Workshops : • Giannakou, Anna, Louis Rilling, Frédéric Majorczyk, Jean-Louis Pazat, and Christine Morin. -
Nftables Och Iptables En Jämförelse Av Latens Nftables and Iptables a Comparison in Latency
NFtables and IPtables Jonas Svensson Eidsheim NFtables och IPtables En jämförelse av latens NFtables and IPtables A Comparison in Latency Bachelors Degree Project in Computer Science Network and Systems Administration, G2E, 22.5 hp IT604G Jonas Svensson Eidsheim [email protected] Examiner Jonas Gamalielsson Supervisor Johan Zaxmy Abstract Firewalls are one of the essential tools to secure any network. IPtables has been the de facto firewall in all Linux systems, and the developers behind IPtables are also responsible for its intended replacement, NFtables. Both IPtables and NFtables are firewalls developed to filter packets. Some services are heavily dependent on low latency transport of packets, such as VoIP, cloud gaming, storage area networks and stock trading. This work is aiming to compare the latency between the selected firewalls while under generated network load. The network traffic is generated by iPerf and the latency is measured by using ping. The measurement of the latency is done on ping packets between two dedicated hosts, one on either side of the firewall. The measurement was done on two configurations one with regular forwarding and another with PAT (Port Address Translation). Both configurations are measured while under network load and while not under network load. Each test is repeated ten times to increase the statistical power behind the conclusion. The results gathered in the experiment resulted in NFtables being the firewall with overall lower latency both while under network load and not under network load. Abstrakt Brandväggen är ett av de viktigaste verktygen för att säkra upp nätverk. IPtables har varit den främst använda brandväggen i alla Linux-system och utvecklarna bakom IPtables är också ansvariga för den avsedda ersättaren, NFtables. -
Linux Quick Reference Guide (6Th Ed.)
Linux Quick Reference Guide 6th edition August 2018 Foreword This guide stems from the notes I have been taking both while working as a Linux sysadmin and while preparing the certification exams LPIC-1 (Linux Professional Institute Certification level 1), LPIC-2, RHCSA (Red Hat Certified System Administrator), and RHCE (Red Hat Certified Engineer). It contains a good amount of topics for these certification exams, with some subjects handled in more details than others, plus other useful information about standards and tools for Linux system administration. Unless otherwise specified, shell commands and operations refer to Bash. This is an independent publication and is not affiliated with, authorized by, sponsored by, or otherwise approved by LPI or Red Hat. You can freely use and share this whole guide or the single pages, both in electronic or in printed form, provided that you distribute them unmodified and not for profit. Happy Linux hacking, Daniele Raffo Version history 1st edition May 2013 2nd edition September 2014 3rd edition July 2015 4th edition June 2016 5th edition September 2017 6th edition August 2018 Bibliography and suggested readings ● Evi Nemeth et al., UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, O'Reilly ● Rebecca Thomas et al., Advanced Programmer's Guide to Unix System V, McGraw-Hill ● Mendel Cooper, Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide, http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html ● Adam Haeder et al., LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell, O'Reilly ● Heinrich W. Klöpping et al., The LPIC-2 Exam Prep, http://lpic2.unix.nl ● Michael Jang, RHCSA/RHCE Red Hat Linux Certification Study Guide, McGraw-Hill ● Asghar Ghori, RHCSA & RHCE RHEL 7: Training and Exam Preparation Guide, Lightning Source Inc. -
Porting Linux to the Powerpc MPC7451
Freescale Semiconductor Document Number: AN2145 Application Note Rev. 2, 10/2006 Porting Linux to the PowerPC™ MPC7451 by Maurie Ommerman CPD Application Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Austin, TX This document describes porting Montavista’s Hardhat™ Contents Linux from a sandpoint 2 platform with the MPC8240PMC, 1 Terminology . .1 2 Development Environment . .2 the MPC755PMC, or the MPC7400PMC to the 3 Installing Montavista CDK 1.2 . .3 MPC7450/MPC7451. It explains how to set up the 4 CDK RPMs . 3 development environment and how to compile, load, and run 5 Mandrake CD RPMs . 4 6 Building the Kernel . .5 the resultant Hardhat Linux on the sandpoint MPC7450 7 Dependencies . .10 platform. (If building Linux for sandpoint 3, refer to 8 Source Code Changes . .10 Appendix A, “Sandpoint 3 Platform.”) 9 Executable Images . .13 10 Installing an Updated Kernel Source . .13 The MPC7451 has the same functionality as the MPC7450, 11 Untar the Source . .14 and any differences in data regarding bus timing, signal 12 Additional Required Files . 14 behavior, and AC, DC, and thermal characteristics are 13 Sandpoint Setup . .15 14 Hard Drive for Linux OS . .15 detailed in the hardware specifications. Note that because the 15 fdisk Commands . .16 MPC7450 and MPC7451 have the same functionality, they 16 Partition Configuration . .16 are used interchangeably throughout the documentation and 17 Making a ramdisk Linux OS . .17 18 make menuconfig . .17 code. 19 genromfs . .17 20 Downloading the Executable . .19 21 Terminal Emulators . .20 1 Terminology 22 Minicom . .20 23 DINK32 Booting the MPC7450 Linux: Example . .22 The following terms are used in this document. -
Linux IPCHAINS-HOWTO
Linux IPCHAINS−HOWTO Linux IPCHAINS−HOWTO Table of Contents Linux IPCHAINS−HOWTO..............................................................................................................................1 Rusty Russell...........................................................................................................................................1 1.Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 2.Packet Filtering Basics..........................................................................................................................1 3.I'm confused! Routing, masquerading, portforwarding, ipautofw.......................................................1 4.IP Firewalling Chains...........................................................................................................................1 5.Miscellaneous.......................................................................................................................................2 6.Common Problems...............................................................................................................................2 7.A Serious Example...............................................................................................................................2 8.Appendix: Differences between ipchains and ipfwadm.......................................................................2 9.Appendix: Using the ipfwadm−wrapper script.....................................................................................3