By Suvapak Imsamut

Thai Working Group

The 32nd MT-JGS Working Group Meeting 27th Apr. 2021 Activities as agreed during the 17th MT-JGSC Meeting 2nd December 2020, (Video Conference)

Activities Year 2019 Year 2020(2563) Year 2021 (2564) Year 2022 (2565) Year 2023 (2562) (2566)

Compilation of 1. Geology and geological sites Mineral visited by the Compilation of Malaysia –Thailand geoscientists of Resources the Malaysia- metallogenic maps including strategic along Malaysia- Thailand Border Joint Geological minerals Thailand border Survey 2. Geo- conservation Compilation of Geological sites Geoheritage mapping and Geo- potential for geotourism along Malaysia- and geopark Tourism Thailand border development in Malaysia Activities and Thailand

3. Cooperative Stratigraphic correlation study and Stratigraphic correlation and fossil and fossil assemblage geological assemblages between the Jentik research in term between the Chuping Formation and the Pa Samed Formation. of stratigraphy, Formation and the Khao paleontology, and Rub Chang Formation sedimentology. TOPIC • Definition • Geo-trails • Future works DEFINITION

3 Geo-tourism The National Geographic Society defines Geotourism as “tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place—its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents.” 2 Geo-trail Geological Society of Australia:'A Geotrail delivers geotourism experiences through a journey linked by an area's geology and landscape as the basis for providing visitor engagement, learning and enjoyment'. 1 Geo-site A geo-site is a location that has a particular geological or geomorphological significance. As well as its inherent geological characteristics it may also have cultural or heritage significance GEO-TRAILS

Geo-trail I Marine Landform and fossils

Geo-trail II Geo-trail III Paleozoic rocks and C-TR-K boundaries Karst system

Geo-trail IV Paleozoic rocks and Granite activities Geo-trail V Plate boundaries and 71 selected Geo-sites Minerals Geo-trail I Marine Landform and fossils (26 Geo-sites) Area: Tarutao Transect • Tarutao Island • Adand –Rawi – Lipe- Khai Island

Geo-sites value • Fresh rock cliffs along shoreline • Sequence of the Cratonic rocks • Fossilliferous beds • Beautiful erosional Landforms • Conservation and tourism activities 1 2 3 (Satun UGG) 4 12 Geo-trail I 13

Geo-sites potential in (Satun UGG) 5 Tarutao Area (13 Geo-sites) (Satun UGG) • Rock units and Fossils 6 • Time boundaries • Beautiful Landforms 11 • Conservation activities

•1 Laem Tanyong Mara 8• Ancient city •2 Papiyong Cliff 9• Ao Talo U Dang •3 La Nga Bay 10• Talo U Dang •4 Laem Chorakhe section 7 •5 Ao Molae 11• Ao Talo Wow 9 •6 Ao Son 12• Ruse Cave •7 Ao Makham 13• Pha To Bu 10 8 4 Leam Chorakhe

Location: Pante Malaka, Ko Tarutao, Mueang Satun District, Satun Province Latitude: 6.706663, Longitude: 99.642572 Zone: 47N Easting: 571018 Northing: 741368 Rock Unit: Early Ordovician Talo Wow Formation, Tarutao Group Highlight: Beautiful stratigraphic sequence of the upper part of the Tarutao Group with various sedimentary structure. . : 5 Ao Mo Lae

Location: Ao Mo Lae, Ko Tarutao, Mueang Satun District, Satun Province Latitude: 6.672498, Longitude: 99.639233 Zone: 47N Easting: 570653 Northing: 737591 Rock Unit: Late Cambrian Ao Mo Lae Formation, Highlight: Type section of Tarutao Group and Cambrian index fossils. : 8 Ancient City

Location: Pha Kalok, Ko Tarutao, Mueang Satun District, Satun Province

Rock Unit: Late Cambrian : The upper part of Anak Datai Member/Ao Tami Formation Highlight: Type locality of the middle part of the Tarutao Group. Stunning cliff and sea stack show the beautiful landform. 1• Ko Hin Son Geo-trail I 2• Ko Rokloi 3• Hin Rue Geo-sites potential in 4• Hadd Sai Kao Adang Area (13 Geo-sites) (White sand) 5 • Rock units • Ko Hin Ngam Gravel Beach(Satun UGG) • Beautiful Landforms • Ao 1 • Conservation activities 6 •7 Ancient City 8• Ao Mae Mai 9• Hadd Sai Dam 7 (Black sand) 4 10• Pha Chado 6 8 3 11• Hadd Pramong granite (Satun UGG) 2 12• Hadd Pattaya 5 10 9 13• Ko Khai (Satun UGG) 1 11 12 1 Ko Hin Son

Location: Ko Ba Tueng, Mueang Satun District, Satun Province Rock Unit: Triassic Rawi Granite Highlight: Hin Son geosites for geotourism 5 Ko Hin Ngam

Location: Ko Hin Ngam, Mueang Satun District, Satun Province Latitude: 6.515057, Longitude: 99.262416 Zone: 47N Easting: 529013 Northing: 720148 Rock Unit: Early Permian Khao Phra Formation, Kaeng Krachan Group Highlight: Beautiful gravel beach . : 13 Ko Khai

Location: Ko Khai, Mueang Satun District, Satun Province Latitude: 6.571045, Longitude: 99.467990 Zone: 47N Easting: 551736 Northing: 726354 Rock Unit: Late Cambrian Ao Tami Formation, Tarutao Group Highlight: Beautiful morphology and white shell beach . : Geo-trail II Paleozoic rocks and Karst system (27 Geo-sites) Area: Satun Transect and Satun UGG

Geo-sites value • Complete sequences on Lower Paleozoic succession • Fossiliferous beds • Various beautiful Karst morphology/types and systems • Tourism activity 2 9 Geo-trail II 10 3 6 12 Geo-sites potential in 5 19 11 Satun UGGN (22 Geo- 8 1 sites) 7 1. Khao Thanan 2. Tham Le Stegodon 3. Tharn Pliew Rock Lapies 4. Klong Huai Ba 5. Ko Ta Bun 414 15 6. Khao To Sam Yot Fossils 13 7. Tham Wang Klang 16 8. Phu Pha Phet Cave 18 9. Phu Pha Phet Park 10. Tharn Pliew Waterfall 17 • Rock units and Fossils 11. Lan Hin Pa Phon 12. Tham Chet Khot • Time boundaries 13. Kuan Tung type section • Beautiful Landforms 14. Khao Noi Rock Succession 15. Hin Sarai - Khao Noi Fossils 22 • Karst systems 16. Tha Rae Stromatolitic Rocks 20 17. Khao Daeng Nautiloids 18. Urai Thong Cave 19. Wang Sai Thong Waterfall 20. Khao To Ngai Geological Time Boundary 21 21. Ko Li Di Lek 22. Prasat Hin Pun Yod 2 Tham Le Stegodon

Location: Thung Wa, Thung Wa District, Satun Province Latitude: 7.123441, Longitude: 99.798671 Zone: 47N Easting: 588193 Northing: 787471 Rock Unit: Middle Ordovician Rung Nok Formation, Thung Song Group Highlight: Longest sea cave in Thailand . : 8 Phu Pha Phet Cave Location: Palm Phatthana, Manang District, Satun Province Latitude: 7.126543, Longitude: 99.997046 Zone: 47N Easting: 610100 Northing: 787857 Rock Unit: Middle Ordovician Rung Nok Formation, Thung Song Group Highlight: The biggest cave with beautiful stalactite, stalagmites, columns, soda straws, sinter pools and sinter terraces. Figures:

14 Khao Noi

Rock

Succession

Location: Kamphaeng, La-ngu District, Satun Province

Latitude: 6.975064, Longitude: 99.772157 Zone: 47N Easting: 585293 Northing: 771062

Rock Unit: Late Ordovician Pa Kae Formation, Thung Song Group and Silurian Wang Tong Formation, Thong

Pha Phum Group Highlight: Time boundary of Ordovician –

Silurian Period and UNESCO protection site

20 Khao To Ngai Geological Time Boundary

Location:Nam Phut, La-ngu District, Satun Province Latitude: 6.833017, Longitude: 99.754060 Zone: 47N Easting: 583318 Northing: 755355 Rock Unit: Late Ordovician Talo Wow Formation, Tarutao Group Middle Ordovician Rung Nok Formation, Thung Song Group Highlight: Geological time boundary Geo-trail II Geo-sites potential in Satun Area (5 Geo-sites) 4 • Rock units and Fossils 3 2 • Beautiful Landforms • Conservation activities 5

1• Khuan Klang 2• Khao Noi 3• Khao Din 4• Ya Roi Waterfall 5• Tha Le Bun National Park 1 1 Khuan Klang

Location: Khuan Sung, Satun District, Satun Province Rock Unit: Late Devonian-Carboniferous Khuan Klang Formation Highlight: Complete sequence of Carboniferous with abundant Fossils 2 Khao Noi

Location: Khao Noi, Chalung, Satun District, Satun Province Rock Unit: Early Ordovician Rung Nok Formation, Thung Song Group Highlight: Orthoceras sp., Actinoceras sp., and Ormoceras sp.Ormoceras sp Geo-trail III C-TR-K boundaries (7 Geo-sites) Area: Sadao Transect • Sadao/Na Thawi • Prakob/Ba Hoi

Geo-sites value • Time boundaries of the rock units Carboniferous, Triassic and Cretaceous • Old Tin-Mine • Historical politics Geo-trail III 1• Ko Nam Kang Tunnel Geo-sites potential in 2• C-TR boundary Sadao Area (7 Geo-sites) 3• Prakob granite 4• Sam Nak O • Rock units and Fossils section • Time boundaries 5• Khuan Chedi • Historical monument section 6• Khong Kon 1 2 section 7• C-TR boundary and thrust fault 3

4 5 6 7 1 Khao Nam Kang Tunnel

Location: Khao Nam Kang, Na Thawi District, Songkhla Province Rock Unit: Triassic Na Thawi Formation, Lampang Group Highlight: Historical politics 2 C-TR boundary

Location: Khao Nam Kang, Na Thawi District, Songkhla Province Rock Unit: Fault contact of Carboniferou Yaha Formation and Triassic Na Thawi Formation, Lampang Group Highlight: C-TR boundary Geo-trail IV Paleozoic rocks and Granite activities (12 Geo-sites) Area: Betong Transect • Betong • Than To –Bannang Sata Geo-sites value • Roof pendants of Paleozoic on granite batholith • Mineralization and hot -spring • Beautiful erosional landforms • Historical politics 1 2 Geo-trail IV 3 Geo-sites potential in Betong Area (12 Geo-sites) 4 • Mineralization and hot -spring • Rock units and Fossils • Beautiful landforms • Historical monument 6

•1 Tham Thalu Mine 7• Ban Chulaporn 10 granite • Tham Krachang 7 2 8• Bo Nam Ron hot spring 8 • Ban Na Kaset sequence 3 9• Fusulinids 9 •4 La Hat Waterfall 10• Fossiliferous Betong FM. 10 5 •5 Big Gravel beds 11• Gravel and active fault •6 Piyamit tunnel and 12• Carboniferous sequence 11 Granite 12 1 Tham Tha Lu Mine

Location: Tham Thalu, Bannang Sta district, Yala province,

Rock Unit: Triassic granite intrude in Carboniferous rocks to the north, and Permian limestone to the east Highlight: cu-zn-pb minerals such as chalcopyrite, bonite, chalcanthite, sphalerite, galena and cerussite. Various types of minerals widely occur, such aspyrite, arsenopyrite, hematite, scheelite and cassiterite . : 4 La Hat Waterfall Location: La hat, Than To District, Yala Province Rock Unit: Early Carboniferous Yaha Formation Highlight: Beautiful waterfall and rock sequence . : 8 Bo Nam Ron Hotspring Location: Bo Nam Ron, Betong District, Yala Province Rock Unit: Triassic Granite Highlight: Hot spring . : Geo-trail V Plate boundaries and Minerals (9 Geo-sites)

Area: Sungai Kolok Transect • To Mo and Chanae

Geo-sites value • Collision of micro-continent plates • Paleo-oceanic crust, deep sea sedimentary rocks and oceanic minerals • Au-Mineralization 2 4 Geo-trail V 3 1 Geo-sites potential in Sungai Kolok Area (9 Geo-sites) 7 • Mineralization 6 • Suture zone • Historical monument 1• Chomite- Manganese Abandon mine 2• Serpentinite and mafic rocks 3• Pillow lava basalt 9 4 • Chert and submarine fan 8 5• To Mo gold mine 5 6• TR Turbidite sequence 7• I-type Sukirin granite 8• I-type Chulaporn waterfall 9• Metamorphic rock (Ban Sa) 1 Chomite- Manganese Abandon mine Location: Abandon Mine, Ban Ku Mung, Chanae District, Narathiwat province, Rock Unit: Permian-Triassic Ku Mung ophiolite suite Highlight: Suture zone, oceanic crust . : 3 Pillow lava basalt

Location: Mae Nam Sai Buri, Ban Ku Mung, Chanae District, Narathiwat province, Rock Unit: Permian-Triassic Ku Mung ophiolite suite Highlight: Suture zone, oceanic crust . : 5 To Mo Gold mine

Location: Abandon mine, Ban To Mo, Sukirin District, Narathiwat province, Rock Unit: Cretaceous To Mo Granite and Permian Ka lu Bi Formation Highlight: Abandon Gold mine FUTURE WORKS

• Report Writing : May – June 2021 • Joint editing : June - August 2021 • Draft final report : August 2021 The Compilation of geological sites potential for Geotourism along the Malaysia-Thailand border

CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Location 1.2 Physiography 1.3 Climate 2. PREVIOUS WORKS AND GEOLOGIC SETTING 2.1 Previous works 2.2 Geologic setting 3. GEOLOGICAL SITES POTENTIAL FOR GEOTOURISM 3.1 Geo-trail I : Marine Landform and fossils 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 Geo-trail II: Paleozoic rocks and Karst system 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.3 Geo-trail III: C-TR-K boundaries 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.4 Geo-trail IV: Paleozoic rocks and Granite activities 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5 Geo-trail V Plate boundaries and Minerals 3.4.1 3.4.2 4. DISCUSS AND CONCLUSION REFERENCE APPENDIC THANK YOU ThankFOR you YOUR ATTENTION