CHAPTER 4 PROFILE OF NORTH 4. 1 Introduction: Profile of Maharashtra

The state of Maharashtra is one of the largest state in . The Indian state of Maharashtra came into existence on 1st May 1960. It is the second state in India in whole of India with respect to population and area wise. As per the census the land area covered by the state of Maharashtra is three lakh eight thousand sq.km. The state has the overall population of 112,372,972 as per 2011 census report. The state covers approximately 9.5 % share of total population of India. Maharashtra continues to be one of the fastest growing states of the Indian union with acceleration in its growth process sustained largely by the secondary and mostly by tertiary sector.

Map 4.1 Map of Maharashtra

Source: www.marathizataka.blogspot.co updated 2016

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4.1.1State boundaries

The state of Maharashtra is surrounded by the in the West, in the North west, in the in the North, in the Southeast and and in the south.

4.1.2 State Capital

The state capital of Maharashtra is . It is the financial capital of our country. Most of the major corporate offices, head offices are situated in the purview of Mumbai. Almost all the major traders and marketers, Industrial head offices are in and around Mumbai. The financial Institutions largest share is in Mumbai. The country’s Stock exchange and the capital market and commodity exchanges are located in Mumbai.

4.1.3Structural Base of Maharashtra

There are in all 35 districts in the state contributing to the formation of Maharashtra. Out of these they are further divided into six Administration revenue divisions, which includes; , , , , and .For the management of the local area in the remote, village and in rural areas, there exist 27993 Gram Panchayats having 355 panchayat samitis included in 33 Zilla Parishads. The urban areas are governed through Twenty three Municipal Corporations, Two hundred twenty two Municipal Councils, four Nagar Panchayats and seven Cantonment Boards. 1

4.1.4 Level of Literacy

The literacy rate is higher in the state of Maharashtra. The state ranks 12th amongst the al, states with literacy rate at 82.9percent.The position and scenario of literacy is remarkably good in the state. The literacy rate is 83 percent. The male literacy contributes 90 percent whereas the female literacy rate is at 76 percent as per the 2011 census (provisional). 2

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4.1.5 Economic Growth of Maharashtra

Income as a criteria, gives Maharashtra the second position in the economic growth aspect. When measured by Income, Maharashtra maintains its second position in terms of per capita income. In the year 2008 and 2009 the per capita Net state domestic product (NSDP) at current prices was about 46 percent more than the all India average.

Graph 4. 1: Growth Performance of Maharashtra

Source: Maharashtra Human Development report 2012.

Maharashtra has maintained and retained its tempo of accelerated growth from its very inception. The NSDP grew at an annual rate of 2.5 percent in 1960s to 7.5 percent in 2000. Its total NSDP demonstrated 76 percent. The growth has always been positive. The growth profile across sectors reveals that the state continues to maintain its previous record of dominance of nonagricultural sector in terms of growth rate and size with periodic declines in the agricultural growth.

4.1.6 Sectoral Annual Growth Performance of Maharashtra

The sectors considered for the growth performance includes the primary, secondary and the tertiary. The accelerated growth indicates that the secondary and tertiary sector accounts a major portion of growth. The agricultural sector of Maharashtra has shown a mean annual rate of 5.2

79 percent, the industrial and the service sector has shown the growth of 7.6 percent and 8.6 percent respectively during the period between 1999-2000 to 2008 -10. The increase in the contribution of industry i.e secondary and the tertiary sectors shares to be more pronounced.3

Graph 4. 2 Sectoral distribution of NSDP

Source: economic survey 2012-13 Source: economic survey2012-13

A more in-depth look at the figure no 4.2 indicates that the sectoral composition of growth shows that the primary sector which constitutes agriculture , fishing and the forestry have shown a poor growth performance with a declining income originating from these sources. On the other hand the secondary sector and the tertiary sector have grown at a faster pace. The tertiary sector which includes banking and service sectors have grown at a double digit rate.

4.1.7 Operative Industrial and working population

4 The composition of workers in 2001 indicates that the proportion of main workers to total population in the state decreased from 39.3 percent in 1991 to 35.9 percent in 2001. However, the proportion of marginal workers to total population, which was 3.7 percent in 1991, increased substantially (6.6 percent) in 2001. The proportion of main workers to total workers, which was 91.4 percent in 1991, declined to 84.4 percent in 2001.

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Maharashtra has been in the forefront in sustaining industrial growth and in creating environment conductive to industrial development. Investment – friendly industrial policies, excellent infrastructure and a strong and productive human resource base have made it a favored destination for manufacturing, export and financial service sectors. The advance estimate of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is expected to grow .Industry sector is expected to grow by 15.1 percent and Services sector is expected to grow by 24 percent during the year .

4.1.8 Divisions of Maharashtra

Table 4.1: Table showing the classification of Divisions of Maharashtra

Division Head Name of the Name of the Name of the quarter Districts Region Largest city And included specialisation Amravati Amravati Vidharba Amravati Buldana Auragabad Aurangabad Aurangabad Jalna Hingoli

Konkan Mumbai Mumbai konkan Mumbai Division Palghar Raigad Sindhudurg

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Division Head Name of the Name of the Name of the quarter Districts Region Largest city And included specialisation Nagpur Nagpur Vidharba Godia Nagpur Wardha Nashik Nashik and North Maharashtra Region Nashik Pune Pune Pashchim Pune Maharashtra

Source: district industry centre, satpur, Nashik

4.2

According to the sentiments of political structure, historically and geographically, Maharashtra has five main regions; the Konkan region, the khandesh and North Maharashtra region, the Marathwada region, the Paschim Maharashtra region and the Vidharbha region. The zone of North Maharashtra is on the verge of development.

Geographically North Maharashtra region is very large. It consists of five major districts; 1. 2. . 3.

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4. 5.

North Maharashtra come under the restricted geographical spread of economic development. Nashik, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Ahmednagar are the fastest growing quarter as per the human development report. The spatial dimensions of the growth process reflects that poorer districts such as Dhule have grown faster than the state as a whole.

Table 4.2Talukas under the districts of North Maharashtra

District No of Talukas Talukas Ahmednagar- 14 , Jamkhed, Karjat, Kopergaon, Nagar, , Parner, , , Rahuri, , Shevgaon, Shrigonda and Dhule 04 Dhule, , and

Jalgaon 14 , , , , , , , , , , Raver, , Parola, and Jalgaon Nashik 15 Nashik, Dindori, , Trimbkeshwar, , Peth, M Baglan(Satana), , , Nandgaon, , Sinnar, , , and Nandurbar 06 Shahada, Nandurbar, , Taloda, and (Source: en.m.wikipedia.org)

North Maharashtra region has been a neglected area from the point of view of development. State Government has declared the huge development plan for North Maharashtra recently. Huge amount is being sanctioned by the authorities for the development of all the five districts of the region.

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The purpose of this is to make certain a balanced and harmonized development of the region. Predominantly an agriculture region, the importance of the development plan has been mainly on irrigation, agriculture, industrial development, roads, river-linking, health and tourism and while, nearly one-third of the total outlay has been kept aside for irrigation and other water needs of the region.

4.2.1 Sector wise District Income in North Maharashtra:

District Income of Primary Sector in North Maharashtra at Current Prices is shown below:

Graph 4.3Graph showing Sector wise District Income in North Maharashtra

(Source: Economic and Social Survey 2016-17)

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The above graph shows that there is continuous growth in gross District Value added at current prices in all the districts in North Maharashtra. Graph 4.4 Graph showing Per Capita District value at Current Prices (Amount shown in Crores)

(Source: Economic and Social Survey 2016-17)

The above graph shows the continuous growth in per capita district value in current prices of all the districts of North Maharashtra except Nandurbar which has shown down trend in the year 2014-15, but again it has increased in the year 2015-16.

4.2.2Industrial Scenario of North Maharashtra

Out of 20 Industrial Estates from North Maharashtra Nashik district is at top rank with 6 industrial estates, Ahmednagar district have 5 industrial estates. Dhule and Jalgaon have 4 industrial estates each and at last Nandurbar district is with only one industrial estate. For the development of trade and industry in Nashik division, the state cabinet has further decided to set up a terminal market at the cost of Rs 60

85 crore, set up a farm pack houses, multi product processing project in Nashik, Nandurbar and Dhule districts. And this is not all, 250 hectares of land has been acquired for the expansion of , and another 400 hectares will be acquired for an airport at . . The North Maharashtra comprises of the 5 districts i.e. Nashik, Dhule, Jalgaon, Nandurbar and Ahmednagar. Brief background of these districts is given below as it is related with the present study. 4.3: District of Ahmednagar The Ahmednagar district of the North Maharashtra region is the largest district situated near pune in Maharashtra. The districts. Area of Ahmednagar shares around 5.7 percent of the total land area of Maharashtra.

Map 4.2 Map of Ahmednagar

(Source: www.districtahmadnagar.com) Total Area: 17413 km2 Population: 4543159 Literacy: 90.22% (data as per 2011 census).

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4.3.1 Overview of Ahmednagar: The district of Ahmednagar is one of the biggest and largest district in Maharashtra. The district covers almost 5.66 percent of total Maharashtra. The district has a rich background of historical heritage. The pioneer of Ahmednagar i.e. the town has obtained its encrypted name from the founder of the district, Ahmed Shah Nizam Shah. The famous is situated in the district. The fort is known for the imprisonment of many of the freedom fighters including Veer Savarkar, Pandit etc. during the struggle of India’s freedom movement. The well-known famous book “Discovery of India” is written by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru by sitting in Ahmednagar Fort. The existence of Ahmednagar is very ancient in 240B.C. The district started gaining its name and fame after the rule of the Andhrabrityas from B.C.90.

Ahmednagar was the primary region of dominance and rule for all the dynasties ruling in India especially at the time of Chalukya king to the Rashtrakuta and Mughal rulers. There are large historic caves, temples, old monuments describing the rich cultural heritage. The Mughal architecture work is highlighted in the cities of Ahmednagar. Ahmednagar is one of the important religious place for the Muslim community as well. It is the place of spiritual bliss. It is known as the spiritual Centre of India. It has witnessed the great souls like , Sant Dnyandeo, , Shree SaiBaba and many more as such. A role model of water conservation work is setup at –Siddhi famous for its contribution to the concept of Ideal Village. It has the famous Kanifnath temple in Siddhatek known for one of the Ashtavinayaks. The Chandbibi Palace, the Bhandardara dam, the Maldhok (Indian Bustard) sanctuary and the Rehkuri sanctuary are some of the places of tourist attraction.

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4.3.2 Geographical Location and Extent:

Ahmednagar is situated on the west bank of the Sina River. It is located about 120 km northeast of Pune and 120 km from Aurangabad. Towards South east lies Sholapur, and Beed. Towards Northeast lies Aurangabad, Nashik and Thane on Northwest and Pune on Southwest”.

4.3.3 Climate in Ahmednagar

The district has hot and dry climate due to the distance away from the sea. The major share of the whole year almost faces hot summer and complete dryness during the season. The hilly western zone of the district enjoys a comparatively cooler climate. During the winters the air is dry and refreshing. As compared to the eastern part of the district the western hilly region receives more rainfall. However in general rains are often scanty. This often results in drought.

4.3.4 Languages spoken in Ahmednagar: Marathi is the most widely spoken language of the district. too is largely used by the people of Ahmednagar. Hindi however, is influenced by Hyderabadi and Marathi dialect. Schools offer multilingual education like English, Hindi, Marathi and Urdu.

4.3.5 Industries in Ahmednagar: Ahmednagar is one of the foremost industrial districts having industries like automobile, electronics, heavy industries, agriculture equipment, sugar co- operative etc. It has numerous small and large scale industries. Industries where grains are separated from husks, gathering of medicinal plants, bidi rolling, making make up small scale industries. Whereas, large scale industries are those engaged in the production of `Ayurveda` medicines, manufacturing mopeds, engines, pump and T.V. sets pharmaceutical and sugar factories. Ahmednagar houses a number of co-operatives such as sugar, milk and bank co-operatives. The first cooperative sugar factory in Asia was established

88 at Pravanagar. It is home to 19 sugar factories and is also the birthplace of the cooperative movement. Ahmednagar has the maximum number of sugar factories in India.

4.4 District of Dhule Dhule district is a part of North Maharashtra region of Khandesh administrative division. The district in the western region of the country. The major tehsils include Dhule, Shirpur, Sindkheda and Sakri.

Map 4.3 Map of Dhule District

(Source: www.maps of india.com) Total Area: 8,063 km2 Population: 2,048,781 Literacy: 71.6% (Data as per 2011 census)

4.4.1 Overview of Dhule District Dhule District is situated at the northern tip of Maharashtra. Dhule city is the administrative headquarter of the district. It has been inhabited by the tribal people in the olden times. The main occupation of the region is farming. The Dhule district was bifurcated on 1 July 1998 into two separate

89 districts presently known as Dhule and Nandurbar, the latter comprising the tribal region. The olden nomenclature of the district was Rasika. The present name traces back to the year 1906 when the surrendered to the British.

4.4.2Geographic location of Dhule District: The district shares its borders with Nandurbar district lying in the north-east, Nashik in the south and Jalgoan district lies to the east of Dhule District. The district of Dhule has one prime river basin- the Tapi Basin. Satpuda Hill range lies in the northern part of the district. The city of Dhule is situated at a distance of about 340 kilometers from Mumbai. Pune lies at a distance of approximately 350 kilometers. There are three major National Highways passing through the Dhule district. They are NH-6, NH-3 and NH-211.

4.4.3 Climate in Dhule District: The climate of the district is generally dry except in Monsoon and winter seasons. However, in monsoon humidity in the weather rises during the rainy season. The temperature attained in the summer and winter seasons are extremes, i.e. 45o centigrade and 60o centigrade, respectively which are typical of tropical temperature zones. The summer is intolerably hot in May and June. The average rainfall of Dhule district is 593 mms and it is not uniform all over the parts of the district. Shirpur and Shindhkeda blocks fall in the Tapi river basin having good irrigation facilities. Agriculture remains the basic profession of the population in this district. Most parts of the district are not under irrigation and thus cultivation heavily depends on regular Monsoon or rain water. Apart from , bajra, jowar or jwari, onion the most favored commercial crop is cotton.

4.4.4 Languages spoken in Dhule District: Majority of the population in the rural area speaks Ahirani (a dialect of Marathi) language; however Marathi is more widely spoken in the urban areas.

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4.4.5 Industries in Dhule District: “Dhule district is famous for the production of pure milk. Milking cattle used to be fed with cotton pend (cattle feed made by using cotton extract), which would produce rich quality milk. Customers in once upon a time used to wait for the delivery of milk from here. Dondaicha in this district is the only town involved in the production of glucose, sugar, and other products from maize. District is also famous for production and marketing of chilies. Oil cakes, edible oil, fatty acids, ropes are the most exported products from the district. Dhule is emerging as one of the biggest edible oil, power-loom, and a textile clusters in the state. There are various agro, forest, plastic, chemical, and oil based industries in Dhule MIDC. It is expected that the growth of MSMEs will boost up in and around Dhule District due to its connectivity to the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project (DMIC).Dhule is well known for production of groundnut, foremost in agro-based industries and is a leader in wind power generation sector.” 4.5 District of Jalgaon Jalgaon is one of the faster growing quarter of Maharashtra. It is the most populated district in the north Maharashtra Zone. The average population belongs to different communities. Agriculture is the main occupation of this district. Jalgaon has grown into an Industrial hub. Agro based industries play a predominant role in the development of this district. The district has good network of educational and healthcare institutions. The district has 15 blocks and 1491 inhabited villages.

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Map 4.4 Map of Jalgaon District

(Source: www.jalgaondistrict.com) Total Area: 11,765 km2 Population: 4,224,442 Literacy: 85 (Data as per 2011 census)

4.5.1 Overview of Jalgaon District:

The city of Jalgaon is the administrative center of Jalgaon district. It was under the region of East Khandesh division for the purpose of Administration. In the year 1960 the government of Maharashtra changed the name from khandesh to Jalgaon for the purpose of administration. Great Brave Queen Rani Laxmibai also known as Jhansi ki Rani passed her childhood in tehsil of Amalner. Forts that belonged to her are also present there. Social Workers like Sane Guruji and former President Pratibha Tai lived here. Renowned Singers like Asha and were from District.

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4.5.2 Geographic location and Extent of Jalgaon District: The Jalgaon district is surrounded by the state of Madhya Pradesh in the north, Aurangabad in the south, in the east, Jalna in the southeast, Dhule in the west and Nashik in the southwest. The district of Jalgaon is located in the north-west region of the state of Maharashtra. The total geographical area is 218 thousand hector but it is covered by the forest up to 25 percent. There are 15 Tehsil.

4.5.3Climate in Jalgaon District: The climatic condition are diversified in Jalgaon. Jalgaon has got pretty diverse climate. It is exceptionally hot and dry during summer with temperature reaching as high as 45 degrees Celsius. Jalgaon receives about 700 mm rainfall during , which is followed by pleasant temperature in winter. The main crops produced here are banana, cotton, groundnut, lime, , and wheat.

4.5.4 Language spoken in Jalgaon district: The main languages spoken in Jalgaon include the popular dialect of Marathi and the Ahirani.

4.5.5 Industries in Jalgaon district: Agriculture is the chief and the major source of revenue income in Jalgaon. The leading productions are Jawar, raw cotton and banana. The top producer in banana is Jalgaon within the state of Maharashtra. The soil of the district is fertile and best suited for the production of cotton. The soil is volcanic rich in supplies. The chief industries of Jalgaon are cotton, cement, silk, and sugar and vegetable oil. Jalgaon is a prominent industry center in Drip Irrigation, Pipe manufacturing, Fruit processing, pulse milling, bio fertilizer production, Green / Solar Energy and mattress manufacturing. Jalgaon is a significant collection and distribution center of agricultural goods and agriculture input industry (including bio fertilizers). Jalgaon is an important center for cotton-textile and vegetable-oil mills, particularly groundnut oil. Jalgaon is also well known for banana production. The city is also famous for its gold market which has reputation of being pure. The

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Jalgaon city surrounded by various well-known and reputed industries like irrigation, pipe, forging, cloths. Jalgaon is nowadays becoming a well trading Centre of Maharashtra with its entry into the sector of a leading producer of sugarcane.

4.6 District of Nandurbar The district of Nandurbar is one among the thirty four districts of Maharashtra state in India. It belongs to khandesh and the north Maharashtra region of the state. It is the 26th largest district in the state with reference to the population. Map 4.5: Map of Nandurbar District

(Source: www.districtnandurbar.com) Total Area: 5,035 km2 Population: 20,453 Literacy: 64.38% (Data as per 2011census)

4.6.1: Overview of Nandurbar District: Nandurbar is an administrative district in the northwest corner (Khandesh Region) of Maharashtra state. The district was formed on 1st July 1998 when Dhule District was divided. Nandurbar town is also the district headquarters. Nandurbar derived its name from 'Gavali' king, Nandraja. Ranjana Sonawane of TembhiI village and rushil in Nandurbar district became first citizen of India to get twelve (12) digit Unique Identification on 29 September 2010. The unique identification or Aadhaar is ambitious project of the central government of India to provide unique identification to its billion plus citizens.

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4.6.2 Geographic Location and extent of Nandurbar: Nandurbar district is bounded to the south and south-east by Dhule district, to the west and north is the state of Gujarat, to the north and north-east is the state of Madhya Pradesh. The northern boundary of the district is defined by the great . It is in 21.3 latitude and 74.2 longitude. It is in 209 meters to 161 meters elevation range. The district has two subdivision viz., Nandurbar and Taloda.

4.6.3 Climatic Conditions of Nandurbar: The district has hot summer with dry climate in general. The temperature attained is of typical of tropical temperature zone. The summer is intolerably hot since March to June every year. The average rainfall in the district is about 888 mm and it is not uniform in all parts of the district. The temperature in the district ranges from 42.8 o in summer to 10.6o in winter. The main agricultural produce are wheat, tur, groundnuts, rice, chilly and jowar while annual crops include cotton and sugarcane.

4.6.4 The Languages spoken in Nandurbar: The main languages spoken in Nandurbar are Ahirani a Kandeshi tongue and Marathi. People also speak Hindi, Bhili, Gujrathi and Kokani.

4.6.5 Industries in Nandurbar: There are 258 micro enterprises, 190 small enterprises and nine large scale industries. The shahada zone covers a larger share of industries with major industries of oil extraction, Agro based industries, mill, Sugar industries, Saw mill, and diary based products.

4.7 District of Nashik Nashik District is one of the well-known districts in the state of Maharashtra in India. It is known as the grape city of India. The city is blessed with good and industrious climate best suited for good living and industrial expansion. The city is known for its rich historical importance of Kumbh mela and lord ’s 14 years in exile

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Map 4.6: Map of Nashik District

(Source: www.districtnashik.com) Total Area: 15,582 km2 Population: 6,109,052 Literacy: 89.95% (Data as per 2011 census) 4.7.1 Overview of Nashik District: “Nashik District is one of the well-known districts in the state of Maharashtra in India. It is the third largest district in the state with respect to the population. The city of Nashik is also the administrative headquarter of the district Modern Nashik has been nicknamed as the "Wine Capital of India".

Nashik formerly was known as Gulshanabad and it is important historically, mythological, socially and culturally. It is historically, culturally and socially very significant. It also has huge mythological importance and is considered the most auspicious place for . The city is situated on the banks of the . It is one of the four cities that hosts the massive Sinhastha Kumbh Mela once every twelve years. Mythology has it that Lord Rama, the King of Ayodhya, made Nashik his abode during his 14 years in exile. At the same place Lord Laxman, by the wish of Lord Rama, cut the nose of "Shurpnakha" and thus this city was named as "Nashik". The district is known for its and mountain ranges. The which are popularly known as Sahyadri ranges are bordered from north to south of Nashik. The western slopes are drained by many rivers. One of the major rivers that passes Nashik is Daman Ganga River which drains westwards in the Arabian Sea. This is the reason that very large portion of Nashik is very fertile”.

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4.7.2 Geographic location of Nashik District: It is located at a distance of about 160 km from Mumbai and 210 km from Pune. The district Nashik is enveloped by the Dhule district in the north, Jalgaon in the east, Aurangabad in the south east, Ahmadnagar to the south, and Thane in the southwest, Valsad & Navsari districts of Gujarat to the west and The Dangs to the northwest. 4.7.3 Climate in Nashik District: Nashik district has extreme climate. The maximum is 42.4o C and the lowest is 0.6o C. It receives average rainfall which varies between 2600 to 3000 mm annually. Maximum rainfall is received from June to September. The weather is very humid with 43 to 62 percent humidity. Occasional cold waves can dip temperatures. However increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall is noticed in recent years due to industrialization and hasty deforestation. The city is however a better city to live in as it is one of the least polluted cities in Maharashtra. Grape, Onion, sugarcane, jowar, cotton Chilies, Wheat rice pomegranate are the crops in this region. 4.7.4 Languages spoken in Nashik District: Marathi is the official and main language spoken. Various dialects are spoken in smaller parts of northern district that include Ahirani and Bhili. With religious places like Nashik, Trimbakeshwar, ancient Indian language is spoken and widely understood. 4.7.5 Industries in Nashik District: Nashik city is the third largest urban area of Maharashtra after Mumbai Metropolitan Region and the Pune. NASHIK city is the largest city in Northern Maharashtra division. It is the third most industrialized city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. Nasik is fast growing city in industrial sector. It is having its own vast history about industries. MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Co-operation) have developed industrial zone in different area like Ambad, Satpur, Gonde, Igatpuri, and Sinnar. HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.), Mahindra & Mahindra, Bosch (MICO), V.I.P., CEAT, ABB, Crompton Greaves, Siemens, Kirloskar Oil Engine, Glaxo, are major industries in Nasik. About 10,000 industries are working in Nasik including Large, Medium and Small Scale.

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4.8 Summary: North Maharashtra is the region which is subdivided for the administration purpose. The major six division of state are the administrative regions, which enable the government to take the projects for development, innovation and empowerment in the real sense. As compared to the other zones, North Maharashtra is the most industrialized zone. References: 1. “Industrial State Profile of Maharashtra” – 2013-14 2. “Maharashtra Human Development Report”, 2012 3. Economic survey2012-13,2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16 4. Msmedimumbai.gov.in 5. www.mapsofindia.com 6. www.nasikonline.com 7. dcmsme.gov.in 8. www.msmedimumbai.gov.in 9. Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2015-16, by Directorate of Economics and statistics- Planning department, Government of Maharashtra, pp.145 10. www.wikipedia.org.in

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