The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius (One of Two)
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The Coherence of Stoic Ontology
The Coherence of Stoic Ontology by Vanessa de Harven A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Prof. Dorothea Frede, Co-chair Prof. Klaus Corcilius, Co-chair Prof. A.A. Long Spring 2012 Abstract The Coherence of Stoic Ontology by Vanessa de Harven Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy University of California, Berkeley Professors Dorothea Frede and Klaus Corcilius, Co-chairs Any thoroughgoing physicalist is challenged to give an account of immaterial entities such as thoughts and mathematical objects. The Stoics, who eagerly affirmed that only bodies exist, crafted an elegant solution to this challenge: not everything that is Something (ti) exists. Rather, some things have a derivative mode of reality they call subsistence: these entities are non-existent in that they are not themselves solid bodies, but they are nonetheless Something physical because they depend on bodies for their subsistence. My dissertation uncovers the unifying principles of Stoic subsistence, and shows how they can account for thoughts and other immaterial entities without running afoul of their physicalist commitments. While all commentators agree that the Stoics posited Something as the highest category of being, they have failed to find a coherent physicalist account of Stoic ontology. For instance, (1) a canonical set of incorporeals (time, place, void, and what is sayable (lekton)) is well attested, but there is little agreement as to what these entities have in common as incorporeals, which makes the category look like an ad hoc collection of left-over entities. -
Platons Raumbegriff Verständlich, Desgleichen Der Umstand, Daß Timaios Grenzen Einer Erklärung Der Welt Und Schwierigkeiten Einer Konsistenten Darstellung Hervorhebt
Der Begriff des Raumes im „Timaios“ im Zusammenhang mit der Naturphilosophie und der Metaphysik Platons Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Konstanz vorgelegt von Kyung Jik Lee aus Seoul Referent: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Mittelstraß Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Gereon Wolters Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19. Juli 1999 Diese Arbeit erscheint im Mai 2000 auch als Buchhandelsausgabe im Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg Meinen Eltern gewidmet Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 9 I Die Erklärung der Welt als wahrscheinliche Erklärung (eikôs logos) 11 1 Einleitung 2 Die Synonymität von eikôs mythos und eikôs logos 3 Der eikôs logos als nicht-philosophische Erklärung 4 Der eikôs logos 4.1 Akribês logos? 4.2 Das Wahrscheinliche und das Historische 4.3 Das Wahrscheinliche und das Notwendige 4.4 Die wahrscheinliche Rede als inkonsistente Rede 4.5 Die wahrscheinliche Rede als hypothetische Anwendung einer exakten Erklärung auf sinnliche Gegenstände 4.6 Die wahrscheinliche Rede als Begrenzung der Anwendung einer exakten Erklärung auf sinnliche Gegenstände II Der Demiurg und der Logos der Welt 38 1 Einleitung 2 Wer ist der Demiurg im „Timaios“? 3 Demiurg und Gott 4 Demiurg und Weltseele 5 Demiurg und Idee des Guten 6 Demiurg und transzendente Vernunft 7 Schwierigkeiten der Rede vom Demiurgen 7.1 Zur Suche nach dem Demiurgen 7.2 Logos und Ergon 7.3 Demiurg und Timaios 7.3.1 Einleitung 7.3.2 Poiêtês 7.3.3 Weitere Parallelen zwischen Demiurg und Timaios 7.3.4 Gott und Götter 7.4 Der Demiurg -
The Hymn of Cleanthes Greek Text Translated Into English
UC-NRLF 557 C29 ^ 033 TDt. 3 + 1921 3• MAIN ^ ft (9 -- " EXTS FOR STUDENTS, No. 26 THE YMN OF CLEANTHES GREEK TEXT TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH BRIEF INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY E. H. BLAKENEY, M.A. ce 6d. net. HELPS FOR STUDENTS OF HISTORY. 1. EPISCOPAL REGISTERS OF ENGLAND AND WALES. By R. C. Fowler, B.A., F.S.A. 6d. net. 2. MUNICIPAL RECORDS. By F. J. C. Hearnsuaw, M.A. Gd. net. 3. MEDIEVAL RECKONINGS OF TIME. ' By Reginald L. Poole, LL.D., Litt.D. 6d. net. % 4. THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE. By Charles Johnson. 6d. net. 5. THE CARE OF DOCUMENTS. By Charles Johnson. 6d.net. 6. THE LOGIC OF HISTORY. By C. G. Cramp. 8d.net. 7. DOCUMENTS IN THE PUBUC RECORD OFFICE, DUBLIN. By B. H. Murray, Litt.D. 8d. net. 8. THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION. By Arthur A. TiUey» M.A. 6d. net. By Sir A. W. WARD, Litt.D., F.B.A. 9. THE PERIOD OF CONGRESSES, I. Introductory. 8d.net. 10. THE PERIOD OF CONGRESSES, II. Vienna and the Second Peace of Paris. Is. net. 11. THE PERIOD OF CONGRESSES, IH. Aix-la-ChapeUe to Verona. Is. net. (Nos. 9, 10, and 11 in one volume, cloth, 3s. Gd. net.) 12. SECURITIES OF PEACE. A Retrospect (1848-1914). Paper, 2s. ; cloth, 3s. net. 13. THE FRENCH RENAISSANCE. By Arthur A. TiUey, M.A* 8d. net. 14. HINTS ON THE STUDY OF ENGUSH ECONOMIC HISTORY. By W. Cunningham, D.D., F.B.A., F.S.A. 8d. net. 1 5. PARISH HISTORY AND RECORDS. -
Skepticism and Pluralism Ways of Living a Life Of
SKEPTICISM AND PLURALISM WAYS OF LIVING A LIFE OF AWARENESS AS RECOMMENDED BY THE ZHUANGZI #±r A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHILOSOPHY AUGUST 2004 By John Trowbridge Dissertation Committee: Roger T. Ames, Chairperson Tamara Albertini Chung-ying Cheng James E. Tiles David R. McCraw © Copyright 2004 by John Trowbridge iii Dedicated to my wife, Jill iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In completing this research, I would like to express my appreciation first and foremost to my wife, Jill, and our three children, James, Holly, and Henry for their support during this process. I would also like to express my gratitude to my entire dissertation committee for their insight and understanding ofthe topics at hand. Studying under Roger Ames has been a transformative experience. In particular, his commitment to taking the Chinese tradition on its own terms and avoiding the tendency among Western interpreters to overwrite traditional Chinese thought with the preoccupations ofWestern philosophy has enabled me to broaden my conception ofphilosophy itself. Roger's seminars on Confucianism and Daoism, and especially a seminar on writing a philosophical translation ofthe Zhongyong r:pJm (Achieving Equilibrium in the Everyday), have greatly influenced my own initial attempts to translate and interpret the seminal philosophical texts ofancient China. Tamara Albertini's expertise in ancient Greek philosophy was indispensable to this project, and a seminar I audited with her, comparing early Greek and ancient Chinese philosophy, was part ofthe inspiration for my choice ofresearch topic. I particularly valued the opportunity to study Daoism and the Yijing ~*~ with Chung-ying Cheng g\Gr:p~ and benefited greatly from his theory ofonto-cosmology as a means of understanding classical Chinese philosophy. -
Meditations the Philosophy Classic
MEDITATIONS THE PHILOSOPHY CLASSIC MEDITATIONS THE PHILOSOPHY CLASSIC THE INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER MARCUS AURELIUS WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY DONALD ROBERTSON MEDITATIONS Also available in the same series: Beyond Good and Evil: The Philosophy Classic by Friedrich Nietzsche (ISBN: 978-0-857-08848-2) On the Origin of Species: The Science Classic by Charles Darwin (ISBN: 978-0-857-08847-5) Tao Te Ching: The Ancient Classic by Lao Tzu (ISBN: 978-0-857-08311-1) The Art of War: The Ancient Classic by Sun Tzu (ISBN: 978-0-857-08009-7) The Game of Life and How to Play It: The Self-Help Classic by Florence Scovel Shinn (ISBN: 978-0-857-08840-6) The Interpretation of Dreams: The Psychology Classic by Sigmund Freud (ISBN: 978-0-857-08844-4) The Prince: The Original Classic by Niccolo Machiavelli (ISBN: 978-0-857-08078-3) The Prophet: The Spirituality Classic by Kahlil Gibran (ISBN: 978-0-857-08855-0) The Republic: The Influential Classic by Plato (ISBN: 978-0-857-08313-5) The Science of Getting Rich: The Original Classic by Wallace Wattles (ISBN: 978-0-857-08008-0) The Wealth of Nations: The Economics Classic by Adam Smith (ISBN: 978-0-857-08077-6) Think and Grow Rich: The Original Classic by Napoleon Hill (ISBN: 978-1-906-46559-9) MEDITATIONS The Philosophy Classic MARCUS AURELIUS With an Introduction by DONALD ROBERTSON This edition first published 2020 Introduction copyright © Donald Robertson, 2020 The material for Meditations is based on The Thoughts of the Emperor M. Aurelius Antoninus, translated by George Long, published by Bell & Daldy, London 1862, and is now in the public domain. -
Justice: Giving Everyone Their Due
Page 16 THE STOI C Volume 1, Issue 12 HOW TO BE A STOIC WHEN YOU DON’T KNOW HOW Justice: Giving everyone their due Big idea 6. Be just One of the basic beliefs of Stoicism is that we have a natu- When we deal with others, we need a second skill—justice. ral affection for others. It is natural, normal, and therefore What is justice? It is giving what is due to others, being fair necessary to cultivate concern for others and the world we in your dealings with them, and not taking anything that live in. belongs to them. This is the second “wall” of our Stoic Whatever is rational will not be in conflict with natural affec- house. tion. Stoicism is very clear in saying that a person’s happiness or The two things cannot be in conflict. unhappiness does not come from others. If it is true that Epictetus, Discourses 1.11 (Chuck Chakrapani, Stoic Foun- no one can hurt us no matter what they do, it also follows that we can hurt no one, no matter what we do. So why be dations Ch. 11) just? Why not steal, lie, cheat, or even commit murder for Our relationship to the world personal benefit? When we take what is due to others, we are not acting in Because it will hurt us. accordance with nature. We start believing external things such as injustice to others can Because we are first related to our family, bring us happiness. We create disharmony by then to our friends, then to the society we putting our personal part in conflict with our live in, and to the world, we are also a part of universal part. -
The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
The meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Originally translated by Meric Casaubon About this edition Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Emperor of Rome from 161 to his death, the last of the “Five Good Emperors.” He was nephew, son-in-law, and adoptive son of Antonius Pius. Marcus Aurelius was one of the most important Stoic philosophers, cited by H.P. Blavatsky amongst famous classic sages and writers such as Plato, Eu- ripides, Socrates, Aristophanes, Pindar, Plutarch, Isocrates, Diodorus, Cicero, and Epictetus.1 This edition was originally translated out of the Greek by Meric Casaubon in 1634 as “The Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius,” with an Introduction by W.H.D. Rouse. It was subsequently edited by Ernest Rhys. London: J.M. Dent & Co; New York: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1906; Everyman’s Library. 1 Cf. Blavatsky Collected Writings, (THE ORIGIN OF THE MYSTERIES) XIV p. 257 Marcus Aurelius' Meditations - tr. Casaubon v. 8.16, uploaded to www.philaletheians.co.uk, 14 July 2013 Page 1 of 128 LIVING THE LIFE SERIES MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS Chief English translations of Marcus Aurelius Meric Casaubon, 1634; Jeremy Collier, 1701; James Thomson, 1747; R. Graves, 1792; H. McCormac, 1844; George Long, 1862; G.H. Rendall, 1898; and J. Jackson, 1906. Renan’s “Marc-Aurèle” — in his “History of the Origins of Christianity,” which ap- peared in 1882 — is the most vital and original book to be had relating to the time of Marcus Aurelius. Pater’s “Marius the Epicurean” forms another outside commentary, which is of service in the imaginative attempt to create again the period.2 Contents Introduction 3 THE FIRST BOOK 12 THE SECOND BOOK 19 THE THIRD BOOK 23 THE FOURTH BOOK 29 THE FIFTH BOOK 38 THE SIXTH BOOK 47 THE SEVENTH BOOK 57 THE EIGHTH BOOK 67 THE NINTH BOOK 77 THE TENTH BOOK 86 THE ELEVENTH BOOK 96 THE TWELFTH BOOK 104 Appendix 110 Notes 122 Glossary 123 A parting thought 128 2 [Brought forward from p. -
Hesiod Theogony.Pdf
Hesiod (8th or 7th c. BC, composed in Greek) The Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are probably slightly earlier than Hesiod’s two surviving poems, the Works and Days and the Theogony. Yet in many ways Hesiod is the more important author for the study of Greek mythology. While Homer treats cer- tain aspects of the saga of the Trojan War, he makes no attempt at treating myth more generally. He often includes short digressions and tantalizes us with hints of a broader tra- dition, but much of this remains obscure. Hesiod, by contrast, sought in his Theogony to give a connected account of the creation of the universe. For the study of myth he is im- portant precisely because his is the oldest surviving attempt to treat systematically the mythical tradition from the first gods down to the great heroes. Also unlike the legendary Homer, Hesiod is for us an historical figure and a real per- sonality. His Works and Days contains a great deal of autobiographical information, in- cluding his birthplace (Ascra in Boiotia), where his father had come from (Cyme in Asia Minor), and the name of his brother (Perses), with whom he had a dispute that was the inspiration for composing the Works and Days. His exact date cannot be determined with precision, but there is general agreement that he lived in the 8th century or perhaps the early 7th century BC. His life, therefore, was approximately contemporaneous with the beginning of alphabetic writing in the Greek world. Although we do not know whether Hesiod himself employed this new invention in composing his poems, we can be certain that it was soon used to record and pass them on. -
Mythologies and Partisan Constructions of the Good Philosopher in Plato
Article Hic Sunt Leones: Mythologies and Partisan Constructions of the Good Philosopher in Plato Sergio Alloggio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-3954 University of Pretoria [email protected] Abstract Plato constructs the philosopher in contrast to the sophist. Both sophistical and rhetorical logos, in their epistemic closeness to philosophical logos, require a constant act of demarcation throughout Plato’s works. The challenge posed by the sophists creates a structural, instable tension in several Platonic dialogues. Why is the Athenian philosopher obsessed by a different yet comparable approach to virtue, knowledge and social order? Why does the Athenian philosopher need and, at the same time, reject the sophist when it comes to shaping his own self-image? To try to answer these questions, I will go back to a foundational moment where the Platonic philosopher is theoretically constructed and conceptually produced against the sophist, namely, Plato’s Sophist, Statesman, Protagoras, Gorgias and Phaedrus. The aim of the article is to show how the Platonic philosopher is conveniently defined through a series of partisan demarcations grounded on ontological privilege, epistemic exclusion, ethical circularity and, ultimately, political delegitimation. Keywords: Plato; dialectic; demarcation; partisanship; sophistics; agonistics; delegitimation Decolonization was the preoccupation of two [T]he unconscious has first and foremost to do with groups that propelled the nationalist movement: the grammar … This also has a bit to do, or much to intelligentsia and the political class. They set out to do, or everything to do, with repetition, that is, create the nation, the former to give the with the aspect that is entirely the opposite of what independent state a history and the latter to create a a dictionary is used for … Grammar and repetition common citizenship as the basis of national constitute a completely different aspect from what sovereignty. -
Did Ancient People Wander Through a Mystical World Each Night?
Special Special Feature Human Knowledge: Sleep Feature Sleep = a state of apparent death Human Knowledge Did Ancient People Wander through a Mystical World The Sleeping Cat carved into Nikko Toshogu Shrine Sleep Each Night? is a symbol of peace The Sleeping Cat carved into Nikko Toshogu Shrine, in Tochigi Prefecture, is said to have been carved by Hidari Jingoro, in the hope of In modern times, people have strayed protecting Tokugawa Ieyasu. Another explana- Why do humans sleep? The answer tion rests on the premise that sleep represented from the natural human instinct of sleep. to this question is clear: sleep is peace, in that the reign of the Edo Shogunate instinctive and is indispensable for was said to be “so peaceful that even cats We need advancements in the scientific approach to sleep. the restoration of the body’s func- could sleep.” tions. Sleep is essential for human life. However, in ancient times, sleep was considered closer to death than between this world and the heavens. remain unknown. to life, and was general thought of The things that the spirit experienced For example, it is said that beds as a state of apparent death. This there became dreams, and if the spirit were invented in ancient Egypt; theme is also apparent in Hypnos, did not return, this was interpreted to however, it is not clear how they later the Greek god of sleep, who is broth- mean death. spread. In Japan, there is evidence ers with Oneiros, the god of dreams, Although sleep was the state that bed-like furniture made from tree as well as Thanatos and Moros, gods of rest shared by everyone, logs was once used. -
Tychè Et Pronoia: La Marche Du Monde Selon Plutarque Autor(Es): Leão, Delfim F., Ed.Lit.; Frazier, Françoise, Ed.Lit
Tychè et Pronoia: la marche du monde selon Plutarque Autor(es): Leão, Delfim F., ed.lit.; Frazier, Françoise, ed.lit. Publicado por: Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/2345 DOI: DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-8281-53-1 Accessed : 8-Oct-2021 15:59:55 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. pombalina.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Tychè et Pronoia La marche du monde selon Plutarque Françoise Frazier et Delfim F. Leão (eds.) IMPRENSA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA COIMBRA UNIVERSITY PRESS Tychè et Pronoia La marche du monde selon Plutarque Françoise Frazier et Delfim F. -
The Socratic Handbook: the Enchiridion As a Guide for Emulating Socrates1
The Socratic Handbook: The Enchiridion as a Guide for Emulating Socrates1 Chad E. Brack February 8, 2020 Abstract: In this paper, I argue that the works of Epictetus are best understood as a guide for living like Socrates. On my view, we can think of the Enchiridion as a Socratic handbook, meaning it is less about the philosophy of Epictetus himself than it is about Epictetus’s prescription for achieving a Socratic disposition. In other words, Epictetus tells us how to live our lives as Socrates did. He believes doing so will lead us to the Good Life and the tranquility that accompanies it. I begin by discussing Socratic ethics and Socrates’s influence on Stoicism, then I suggest that the content and structure of Epictetus’s work points to Socrates as the prime focus for Epictetus’s teachings. Socrates is not just an example of sagacity—he is the subject of study. After offering the reasoning for my view, I address what I believe to be the most likely objections to my interpretation and conclude with final thoughts about Stoicism as a Socratic philosophy of life. I. Introduction In recent years Stoicism has reemerged as an attractive philosophy of life. It has also become a tool for self-help and cognitive behavioral therapy. Founded over 2000 years ago, Stoicism has touched the lives of countless people. The Stoics taught a philosophy based on building the right mental state to deal with life’s challenges and to achieve contentment regardless of circumstances. It is a philosophy based on well-being.