Seal of Approval Program for Radio and Television

seal of approval program for radio and television

THE PROGRAM AS OF 19971 I. APPLICATIONS

The goal of the Seal of Approval program is to continu- A. Upon request from any individual, the Secretary-Trea- ously upgrade radio and television weather programs. Since surer of the Society will furnish an application form. the weathercaster is the primary representative of the me- Applications will be accepted only from full Members teorological profession to the public, we, as meteorologists, of the AMS or those non-Members who meet all quali- have a responsibility to help recognize those who are com- fications for full Member as defined in the Constitu- petent. The Board of Broadcast Meteorology was formed tion of the Society (see also Section VI.E). by the Council in 1957 to establish criteria for the evalua- Members admitted under Article III, Section 4.B of tion of weathercasters and to conduct the evaluation pro- the Constitution will also need at least 12 semester cedure. The growth of television and radio has been accom- hours of study in the atmospheric, oceanic, or related panied by an increasing impact on the public; therefore, the hydrologic sciences from an accredited institution of need for professional weathercasting and its recognition by higher learning. At least 8 of the 12 semester hours, the AMS has been quite apparent. Evaluation procedures with a minimum of two credits in each of three of the were established and the first television kinescope record- following five areas, is required: ing and radio tapes were evaluated by the Board in late 1959. The first Seals of Approval, other than for Board 1) atmospheric or oceanographic dynamics; members, were granted in January 1960. Seals have been 2) atmospheric or oceanographic thermodynamics; awarded to weathercasters with widely varied approaches 3) physical meteorology or oceanography; to presenting the weather on television. To date, over 900 4) synoptic meteorology (or weather systems) or syn- Television and over 150 Radio Seals of Approval have optic oceanography; been awarded. It has always been the goal of the Seal of 5) hydrology. Approval program to foster high standards of profession- alism among broadcast meteorologists. Recently, however, The core courses must include basic processes relevant the courts have attacked the use of the term "professional- to atmospheric or oceanic systems. (A memorandum ism" as being overbroad and capable of misuse. Indeed, this concerning the above requirements was published as standard has many different meanings to different individu- an AMS Notice in the June 1991 issue of the Bulletin.) als. We have produced a more specific definition. Hence- forth, the stated goals of the program will be to ensure that B. The application form must be completed and returned meteorologists who hold the Seal of Approval exhibit sci- to the Secretary-Treasurer along with the appropriate entific competence and effective communication skills in application fee. The fee for television is $275 for their weather forecasts. Members and $600 for non-Members, which includes a subscription to the Bulletin. The fee for radio is $225 for Members and $500 for non-Members, which includes a subscription to the Bulletin.

C. The Secretary-Treasurer then forwards the application ! The Board is currently made up of Bryan Busby, KMBC-TV, to the Chairperson of the Board of Broadcast Meteo- Kansas City, MO, chairperson; Vincent D. Condella, WITI-TV, rology. Milwaukee, WI; Frederick J. Gadomski, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Tammy A. Garrison, WDRB- TV, Louisville, KY; Michael H. Graham, WAFB-TV, Baton Rouge, LA; Roy L. Leep, WTVT-TV, Tampa, FL; Tim B. II. SELECTION OF EVALUATING COMMITTEE McGill, Chicagoland TV, Oak Brook, IL; David M. Miller, WFRV-TV, Green Bay, WI; and Donald J. Paul, WIVB-TV, A. The Board Chairperson will select five members of the Buffalo, NY. Board, who will constitute the reviewing panel for that

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1749

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC applicant. Each member of the panel shall certify to 2. Informational value the Chairperson that he or she is aware of no conflict This category will be used to evaluate whether the of interest in accepting the appointment to review any candidate has given the audience sufficient infor- particular applicant. The applicant will be notified in mation about recent, current, and anticipated weather writing of the names and occupations of the members conditions locally and nationally. selected and will be given an opportunity to object to any of the Board members selected. An applicant shall 3. Explanatory value be required to state in writing the reasons for any ob- Reviewers are asked to determine whether or not the jection to any member of the panel. The Chairperson candidate has given sufficient explanation of the may either accept the objection from the applicant or processes that produce the recent, current, and an- refer the question to the Chairperson of the Commis- ticipated weather conditions. sion on Professional Affairs for final decision; the Commissioner shall act on the preponderance of the 4. Communication skills evidence. All applicants shall be notified that unless This criterion is intended to measure the effective- objection is received within 15 days, the Chairperson ness of the means chosen by the candidate to com- will assume that the selected Board members are sat- municate information and explanations. Since this isfactory to the applicant and will proceed to the next is a highly subjective area, only a candidate's clear step. failure to communicate the information will be judged as grounds for failure. Subjective judgments concerning appearance, sets, lead-ins, props, map III. SUBMISSION OF EVALUATION MATERIALS symbols, and voice quality will not be used unless cumulatively the negative effect of a poor perfor- The Chairperson will then request that the applicant sub- mance in any of these areas compels the conclusion mit three video- or audiotape examples of his or her work. that the candidate has completely failed to commu- These examples must be of broadcasts made on three con- nicate his or her message. secutive appearance days. In the case of individuals currently employed "on-air," the tapes shall be of actual on- B. Grades will be awarded in each of the four categories air performances, including lead-ins and throwbacks to on a scale of 4.0, as follows: other on-air talent. All commercial messages shall be ed- ited out of the tape. No minimum time of each segment will 1.0: unacceptable be required. Those not currently employed are allowed to 2.0: substandard submit equivalent simulated tapes. Performances on tapes 2.5: satisfactory (passing) submitted must be less than six months old as of the date 3.0: good of the application.Applicants must also certify that 3.5: excellent weathercasts submitted are substantially the result of their 4.0: outstanding own work. Each reviewer will submit a grade in each category. The grades given by all members will be averaged by IV. GRADING PROCESS the Chairperson. A candidate must score at least a 2.5 average in each category in order to succeed on the A. The applicant sends a copy of his or her tapes directly examination. to each member of the reviewing panel. The Board will review the tapes based on four criteria: V. NOTIFICATION 1. Technical competence This is a two-step evaluation. First, all candidates A. Successful applicants will be notified by letter. In ad- must meet the requirements outlined above in Sec- dition, they will be sent a press release from Society tion I.A or, if not a Member of the Society, demon- headquarters for possible use. strate sufficient educational and professional background to meet these standards for Seal of B. Unsuccessful applicants will be notified by letter from Approval applicants. The second step is an evalua- the Secretary-Treasurer of the Society. The letter shall tion of the submitted tapes to determine whether the contain a statement from the Chairperson of the Com- information contained therein is scientifically and mission, explaining the failure and suggesting ways of technically valid. improving the performance based upon the information received from Board members. Unsuccessful ap-

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Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC plicants may reapply after a period of three months B. Any complaint that may be grounds for suspension or from the date of the negative notification. The reappli- revocation of the Seal under Paragraph A shall be sent cation fee is $100. After a second unsuccessful applica- to the Secretary-Treasurer of the Society. The Secre- tion, there will be a one-year waiting period before a third tary-Treasurer may summarily dismiss a frivolous application can be submitted. However, if more than two complaint with notice and a statement of reasons to the (2) years have passed from the date of the negative noti- complainant. Otherwise, the Secretary-Treasurer shall fication on the applicant's initial application, then the send a copy of the complaint to the Chairperson of the second application shall be deemed a new application. Commission on Professional Affairs, the Chairperson of the Board of Broadcast Meteorology, and the sealholder. VI. MISCELLANEOUS C. The Chairperson of the Board of Broadcast Meteorol- A. Successful candidates may move their Seal of Approval ogy may resolve any complaint by any appropriate in- from station to station without further application to formal means, which may include contacting the the Society. Relocation from a national (for example, sealholder in question in an effort to resolve by mu- CNN or The Weather Channel) to a local appearance, tual agreement the subject of the complaint. however, requires the submission of new tapes (but no additional fee) for review by the Board in accordance D. Any complaint not disposed of by informal means shall with the four stated criteria. be determined as follows:

B. Seals may be renewed annually by submitting a re- 1. With the concurrence of the Chairperson of the newal fee and attesting that the overall content and Commission on Professional Affairs, a copy of the format of on-air presentations have not changed sig- complaint shall be sent to the sealholder in question nificantly. The annual renewal fee for Members is $20, by the Board Chairperson, together with a copy of and for non-Members, $100. Section VII constituting the procedure for suspension or revocation of the Seal of Approval and the C. Successful candidates will be informed both of their names and brief descriptions of the members of right to use the Seal of Approval and of any limitations a Fact-Finding Panel appointed under Sub-Para- that the Society may impose upon such use. graph 2.

D. Unsuccessful candidates may appeal the negative de- 2. The Board Chairperson shall select three members cision of the Board of Broadcast Meteorology to the of the Board, who will constitute a Fact-Finding Executive Committee of the Society within 90 days of Panel to determine the issues raised in the com- the date of notification. The fee for an appeal is $100; plaint. Each member of the Fact-Finding Panel shall however, the Executive Committee reserves the right certify to the Chairperson that he or she is aware of to waive the fee in cases of financial hardship. no conflict of interest in accepting the appointment to the Fact-Finding Panel. The sealholder in ques- E. All candidates and reapplicants must meet the current tion shall have the opportunity within 15 days of the Member (see "Modifications to Policies Governing the date of notification to object to any member of the Seal of Approval Program" and "Interpretive Memo- Fact-Finding Panel. The sealholder shall be required randum," Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70, 636-637; and to state in writing the reasons for any objection to a AMS Notice, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70, 837) and member of the panel. The Chairperson may either seal applicant criteria at the time of their seal applica- accept the objection from the sealholder or refer the tion or reapplication form, as outlined in Section I.A. question to the Chairperson of the Commission on Professional Affairs for final decision.

VII. SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION 3. The sealholder shall cooperate fully with the Fact- Finding Panel and produce any tangible informa- A. The AMS reserves the right to suspend or revoke the tion relevant to the issues raised in the complaint right to use the Seal of Approval if a sealholder, in the and shall attempt to secure for the Fact-Finding conduct of his or her profession, clearly fails to con- Panel copies or recordings of any weathercast in duct himself or herself in a manner that reflects the issue. The sealholder may submit to the Fact-Find- dignity and honor of the profession or if a sealholder ing Panel any other information he or she deems fails repeatedly to adhere to the four criteria for the relevant, including copies or recordings of other award of the seal set out in Section IV. weathercasts and a written answer to the complaint.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1751

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC 4. After the submission of the tangible evidence to the criteria as aforesaid, then the Fact-Finding Panel shall Fact-Finding Panel, if any facts remain in dispute, a include in its written decision its findings on the hearing shall, upon written request of the sealholder, degree of severity of the matter and a recommendation be held by the Fact-Finding Panel upon adequate for the imposition of sanctions, which may include: notification to the sealholder and at a time and place convenient to the members of the panel and the a. a written informal admonition by the Chairper- sealholder. The hearing shall be conducted accord- son of the Commission on Professional Affairs, ing to fundamental concepts of due process recog- a copy of which shall be retained in the seal- nized as fair and followed by administrative agencies holder's personal file; or in the conduct of adjudicatory hearings, which shall b. a suspension of the sealholder's right to use the include the right to counsel, presentation of wit- Seal of Approval for a period of time; or nesses, right to cross-examination, and the right to c. a revocation of the sealholder's Seal of Approval. record the proceeding by either stenographic or tape-recording means. Strict rules of evidence shall 6. The written decision of the Fact-Finding Panel shall not apply, but the panel shall accept information or be sent to the Chairperson of the Board of Broadcast evidence that is customarily relied upon by reason- Meteorology, the Chairperson of the Commission able people in the conduct of serious affairs. on Professional Affairs, and the sealholder. The Chairperson of the Board of Broadcast Meteorol- 5. The Fact-Finding Panel shall make written findings ogy and the Chairperson of the Commission on of fact and shall determine if the sealholder has, in Professional Affairs, after a review of the decision, the conduct of his or her profession, clearly failed to shall jointly determine in their judgment the appro- conduct himself or herself in a manner that reflects priate sanction and administer the same. the dignity and honor of the profession, or if the sealholder has failed repeatedly to adhere to the four E. A sealholder against whom action has been taken may, criteria for the award of the Seal of Approval as set within 30 days of the date of notification of the action, out in Section IV. appeal the action in writing to the Executive Commit- If the Fact-Finding Panel determines that the seal- tee of the Society (see Organizational Procedures of the holder has failed in his conduct or adherence to the AMS).

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF ACTIVE RADIO SEAL OF APPROVAL HOLDERS (WITH SEAL NUMBERS)

Abrams, Elliot 51 Heller, Kathleen 89 Newman, Steven B. 126 Allen, Mark 143 Hodges, Dennis J. 147 Norman, Royal L., Jr. 112 Arellano, Michael J. 151 Horstmeyer, Steven L. 76 Oldshue, John H. 150 Babikian, Gary 117 Jacquemin, William G. 127 Peterson, William D. 72 Bridgers, George M. 154 Jaggers, James W. 123 Phillips, Ed 79 Boyle, John L. 139 Joseph, Paul S. 46 Prater, Judson E., Jr. 142 Cosgrove, Lawrence F. 137 Kimmel, Troy M., Jr. 110 Randby, William E. 109 Dahl, David W. 101 Kinnan, Henry W. 3 Rao, Joseph 118 Davis, Francis K., Jr. 1 Koplien, Craig S. 138 Rao, Renate 115 Eichorn, David N. 119 Landin, Michael G. 136 Rubin, Eugene M. 73 Endersen, G. William 90 LaPoint, Michael S. 153 Schulz, Kenneth A. 111 Eustis, Allan C. 56 Madson, Michael J. 113 Shaw, Scott A. 152 Falconer, Raymond E. 9 Mahar, Wayne G. 114 Shutt, Charles T. 124 Fathauer, Theodore F. 140 Maly, Daniel D. 63 Spencer, Lisa L. 144 Fidler, James C. 13 McKinley, Kenneth C. 107 Stephan, George F. 133 Filloon, Karen A. 103 McLain, Robert W. 43 St. Pe, Edward I. 128 Finckle, Earl S. 50 Melhuish, Kirk 141 Toohey-Morales, John 146 Fishel, Gregory B. 120 Mercer, Jack M. 68 Wahl, Jillene A. 148 Geyer, James R. 97 Mlodzik, Joseph R. 135 Weiner, Craig A. 106 Glickman, Todd S. 71 Moldenhauer, Donald M. 130 Williams, Kevin D. 93 Goldbaum, David A. 145 Muzio, Miles S. 108 Wright, George M. 131 Head, Paul A. 121

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Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC RADIO SEAL HOLDERS (LISTED BY SEAL NUMBER)

1 Francis K. Davis, Jr. (H) 1959 52 Joel N. Myers** 1973 103 Karen A. Filloon 1983 2 Kenneth H. Jehn* (H) 1959 53 George N. Brancato** 1973 104 Michael L. McCallum** 1983 3 Henry W. Kinnan (H) 1959 54 Robert K. Ryan** 1973 105 Timothy K. Ecker** 1985 4 Milton F. Barlow** 1960 55 Lyle E. Brosche** 1974 106 Craig A. Weiner 1985 5 Albert E. Boyer, Jr.** 1960 56 Allan C. Eustis 1974 107 Kenneth C. McKinley 1985 6 Robert L. Hendrick** 1960 57 J. Michael Fritsch** 1976 108 Miles S. Muzio 1985 7 George M. Howe** 1960 58 John F. Henz** 1976 109 William E. Randby 1985 8 James M. Macdonald, Jr.** 1960 59 Vincent R. Scheetz** 1976 110 Troy M. Kimmel, Jr. 1985 9 Frederick P. Ostby, Jr.** 1960 60 Virginia J. Bigler-Engler** 1976 111 Kenneth A. Schulz 1986 10 Howard M. Frazier** 1960 61 John T. McMurray** 1977 112 Royal L. Norman, Jr. 1986 11 Robert G. Beebe** 1960 62 Malcolm P. Sillars** 1977 113 Michael J. Madson 1986 12 Howard H. Hanks, Jr.* 1960 63 Daniel D. Maly 1978 114 Wayne G. Mahar 1987 13 James C. Fidler (H) 1961 64 Steven D. Hilberg** 1978 115 Renate M. Rao 1987 14 Lawrence R. Mahar* 1961 65 Steven A. Root** 1978 116 William S. Schmidt** 1987 15 Eugene C. Grueber** 1961 66 John R. Stansfield** 1978 117 Gary Babikian 1987 16 Norman F. Lacey* 1963 67 Todd Gross** 1979 118 Joseph M. Rao 1987 17 Alan F. Jones** 1963 68 Jack M. Mercer 1979 119 David N. Eichorn 1987 18 Conrad B. Gosset** 1964 69 Craig A. Johnson** 1979 120 Gregory B. Fishel 1987 19 Raymond E. Falconer 1964 70 Charles M. Gertz** 1979 121 Paul A. Head 1987 20 Albert W. Duckworth** 1964 71 Todd S. Glickman 1979 123 James W. Jaggers 1988 21 William J. Hartnett* 1964 72 William D. Peterson 1979 124 Charles T. Shutt 1988 22 J. R. Dixon* 1964 73 Eugene M. Rubin 1980 125 Peter V. Chan** 1988 23 Armand R. Iaccheo** 1964 74 Raymond J. Ban** 1980 126 Steven B. Newman 1988 24 Stuart P. Marr** 1964 75 Gerard K. Butch** 1980 127 William G. Jacquemin 1988 25 John A. Ebert** 1965 76 Steven L. Horstmeyer 1980 128 Edward I. St. Pe 1988 26 Ray A. Cathcart** 1965 77 William O. Alexander** 1981 129 Harold S. Austin, Jr.** 1987 27 Harry C. Zimmerman** 1965 78 Howard K. Bryant** 1981 130 Donald M. Moldenhauer 1989 28 Thomas W. Spence** 1965 79 Edwin Phillips 1981 131 George M. Wright 1989 29 John W. Hambleton** 1966 80 Aaron Williams, Jr.** 1981 132 Phillip W. Badgett** 1989 30 Seth D. Kemble** 1967 81 Joseph A. Dandrea** 1981 133 George F. Stephan 1989 31 John H. Erikson** 1967 82 Thomas L. Magnuson** 1981 134 Geoffrey P. Eden** 1989 32 Kenneth C. Garee** 1967 83 James H. Block** 1981 135 Joseph R. Mlodzik 1989 33 Robert F. Zames** 1967 84 Beverely S. Cudbird* 1981 136 Michael G. Landin 1990 34 William B.Hovey** 1967 85 Donald L. Edwards** 1981 137 Lawrence F. Cosgrove 1990 35 Conrad L. Johnson** 1967 86 Gregory J. Story** 1981 138 Craig S. Koplien 1991 36 Fred Norman** 1967 87 John C. Dooley** 1982 139 John L. Boyle 1992 37 Leonard M. Slesick** 1967 88 Daniel F. Smith** 1982 140 Theodore F. Fathauer 1992 38 Walter Devanas** 1967 89 Kathleen Heller 1982 141 KirkT. Melhuish 1992 39 Jehu D. Ashmore** 1969 90 G. William Endersen 1982 142 Judson E. Prater, Jr. 1992 40 John T. Ghiorse, Jr.** 1969 91 Ronald W. Trenda** 1982 143 Mark Allen 1992 41 Charles M. Umpenhour** 1969 92 Michael W. Lynch** 1982 144 Lisa L. Spencer 1992 42 Sidney O. Barnard** 1970 93 Kevin D. Williams 1982 145 David A. Goldbaum 1993 43 Robert W. McLain 1970 94 Lee C. Anderson** 1982 146 John Toohey-Morales 1993 44 Thomas G. Wills** 1971 95 Jim F. Riggs* 1982 147 Dennis J. Hodges 1993 45 Walter A. Lyons** 1971 96 Lloyd G. Tidwell** 1983 148 A. Jillene Wahl 1994 46 Paul S. Joseph 1971 97 James R. Geyer 1983 149 Kevin L. Orpurt** 1994 47 William N. Seiler** 1971 98 Jeffrey B. Lawson** 1983 150 John H. Oldshue 1994 48 W. Paul Catoe** 1971 99 Brian W. Jarvis** 1983 151 Michael J. Arellano 1994 49 George R. Wooten, Jr.** 1971 100 Timothy A. Legel** 1983 152 Scott A. Shaw 1994 50 Earl S. Finckle 1972 101 David W. Dahl 1983 153 Michael S. LaPoint 1995 51 Elliot Abrams 1973 102 Sharon L. Akemann** 1983 154 George M. Bridgers 1997

(H) = Honorary ^Deceased **Inactive

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1753

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF ACTIVE TELEVISION SEAL OF APPROVAL HOLDERS (WITH SEAL NUMBERS)

Abrams, Elliot 82 Bogner, Mark L. 901 Cioffi, Joseph 339 Adams, John W. 410 Bohnak, Karroll R. 504 Clark, Noreen R. 494 Adams, Kimberly 914 Bolton, Albert M. 307 Clark, Thomas N. 495 Adamson, Steve 831 Boney, Stan 774 Clarke, James R. 406 Addis, Richard A. 255 Bono, Michael 405 Coleman, Carey T. 566 Adrian, Barton J. 303 Bosley, James W. 239 Collins, John J. 278 Aguilera, David W. 871 Boss, William H. 641 Condella, Vincent D., Jr. 258 Akemann, Sharon L. 429 Bouchereau, Paul E., Jr. 701 Coniglio, Martin E. 469 Albert, Richard E. 112 Boylan, Raymond L. 139 Conklin, Alan R. 694 Albrecht, Brian A. 404 Boyle, John L. 707 Connell, Daniel S. 584 Alger, Michael P. 618 Bracciano, Michael J. 578 Conway, Joseph C. 225 Allen, Mark 792 Bradley, Chris 722 Corbin, James M. 470 Allen, Ron 360 Brandt, Barry A. 613 Core, Patrick A. 663 A1 worth, Brian T. 460 Bray, Steven C. 476 Cosgrove, Lawrence F. 576 Amble, Gary J. 541 Brookins, Michael A. 817 Cousins, Paul W. 185 Andersen, Adolph M., Jr. 749 Brough, Robert C. 401 Dahl, David W. 282 Anderson, Mike S. 542 Brown, David H. 354 Damian, David C. 735 Annen, William H. 233 Brown, David W. 759 Daugherty, Walton M. 642 Arnold, Robert 332 Brown, George G. 500 Davies, Jonathan 331 Arredondo, Carl C., Ill 551 Brown, Patricia M. 653 Davis, Brian D. 352 Atkins, Bret Martin 614 Brown, Scott 884 Davis, Francis K., Jr. 1 Atkinson, Daniel M., Jr. 203 Browne, Steven W. 321 Davis, Michael G. 633 Aucoin, Kenneth A. 463 Browning, Wes 715 DeBoer, Terri A. 862 Austin, Martha L. 449 Brunet, Rene J., Ill 451 DeBroder, Charles E. 845 Avalos, Andrew A. 407 Burbank, Barry M. 204 Deegan, Timothy W. 329 Avery, Bruce M. 604 Buresh, Michael A. 668 Delkus, Pete W. 857 Aydelott, James D. 775 Burns, Glenn N. 259 Dellegatto, Paul N. 489 Baden, Mark J. 768 Burse, Tom 447 Denardo, Joseph W. 30 Baker, David 848 Busby, Bryan T. 425 Denton, John V., Jr. 539 Bakula, William R. 814 Buser, Donald C. 310 Deprest, Bruce J. 433 Barach, Jim 771 Calbreath, Joseph R. 572 Derda, Anthony J. 526 Barlow, Kenneth J. 533 Caldes, George T. 693 DeZubay, Eric T. 374 Barnes, David P. 353 Calhoun, Joseph J. 338 Diaz, Joseph R. 595 Barnhill, Fredrick R. 532 Cannalte, Gary A. 628 Dierks, David G. 490 Baron, Robert O. 281 Cannon, Declan P. 477 DiGiovanni, Joseph V. 602 Barone, Dianne 666 Caporizzo, Steven P. 390 Dignon, Nancy E. 725 Barron, Cory 765 Cardosi, Jay A. 585 Divecchio, Thomas A. 902 Bartlett, Joel P., Jr. 140 Cariello, Frank J. 478 Dixon, Robert W. 182 Barton, Neal, Jr. 832 Carlson, David C. 349 Dobrowolski, Daniel G. 241 Barys, Paul E. 137 Carson, Donald W. 295 Dolan, Linda C. 519 Becker, Robert 262 Carter, Kevin M. 518 Dooley, Richard S. 587 Beckman, John F. 100 Cascione, Steven R. 462 Dorval, Scott C. 534 Behm, Gordon R. 444 Casey, Terrence P. 568 Doucet, Gail J. 337 Belau, Matthew P. 424 Cash, Jonathan R. 505 Duncan, Glen A. 608 Bell, Charles G. 685 Castles, Jed R. 748 Duncan, James G. 257 Bellas, Stephen C. 588 Cavalier, Anthony 314 Duranczyk, Edward A., Jr. . 288 Bennett, Terri L. 680 Cejka, Michael G. 387 Dvoskin, Norman D. 583 Berkowitz, Zachary R. 681 Cessarich, John A. 457 Edwards, Brad J. 569 Bernard, David 890 Chandik, John F. 125 Ehrhardt, Kent 637 Bernier, Andre M. 286 Chandley, David I. 592 Eichner, Keith 195 Bernier, John G. 274 Chapman, Nancy R. 244 Eichorn, David N. 316 Bernier, Sally P. 319 Chase, Matthew J. 911 Eisenson, Robert N. 559 Bernstein, Howard I. 615 Childress, Elmer M. 436 Eldridge, Evan S. 758 Bickford, Daniel 816 Chisholm, Robin A. 739 Elfervig, Leonard R. 183 Bielski, John T. 287 Chisholm, Thomas L. 543 Elliot, George 708 Billingsley, Franklin P. 596 Chuey, Timothy A. 245 Ellis, Kathy 855 Blalock, Scott D. 737 Cimino, Christopher J. 724 Epstein, David 706

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Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC Estano, Neal C. 776 Greenwald, Brian 757 Huttner, Paul T. 672 Eubank, Mark E. 89 Gregorius, Robert 734 Jacquemin, William G. 865 Eustis, Allan C. 111 Gregory, Nicholas J. 301 Jaggers, James W. 429 Evans, Samuel M. 520 Gregory, Robert E. 242 James, David 745 Evans, William H. 391 Griesgraber, Patrick J. 916 Jensen, Belinda 730 Fabrizi, Fulvio A. 545 Griffin, Richard K. 378 Jensen, Jeffrey T. 445 Fairbourne, Michael D. 174 Griffin, Victoria L. 461 Jerve, Steven M. 687 Farley, John A. 885 Grigsby, Elhanan P. Ill 784 Johnson, Anthony O. 265 Farrell, Christopher M. 834 Gross, Paul H. 350 Johnson, Craig A. 162 Farrell, James T. 634 Gross, Todd 217 Johnson, Glenn E. 435 Fathauer, Theodore F. 170 Grote, Christopher R. 480 Johnson, Mark E. 846 Faurot, Richard W. 151 Gruner, Elissa L. 696 Johnson, Mark T. 903 Feltgen, Dennis W. 31 Guaraldi, John J. 527 Johnson, Richard G. 625 Ferrara, Ellen 565 Guild, David C. 53 Johnson, Veronica 815 Fidler, James C. 28 Gurney, Charles E. 598 Johnston, Harry 904 Field, Bradford A. 334 Guthrie, Donald T. 900 Jones, Bruce 809 Field, Storm E. 326 Guy, James R. 580 Jones, Dale L. 577 Fields, Ernest G. 873 Hagar, Paul S. 178 Jones, David F. 754 Filloon, Karen A. 328 Hale, Thomas E. 280 Jones, Walton W. 97 Finan, Mark 791 Hall, W. Scott 824 Joseph, Paul S. 85 Finden, Roy F. 156 Handley, Lawrence A. 877 Kacmarik, Diane 714 Fischer, John C. 336 Hardin, Jeffrey G. 640 Kaderli, Holice H., Jr. 434 Fisher, Scott 882 Harding, Duane D. 386 Kahanek, Kristine 709 Fishel, Gregory B. 264 Harman, Donald P. 801 Kalinowski, Bruce E. 426 Fletcher, Richard R. 160 Harmon, Dave 705 Kamal, William D. 197 Flowers, James B. 235 Harrigan, Robert W. 547 Kastor, Neil E. 247 Fox, Mark A. 695 Harris, John 800 Katz, Bruce R. 612 Frame, Angelique D. 879 Harris, Ronald A. 611 Katzfey, Rick E. 782 Frankum, Mark A. 912 Hartman, David R. 465 Kearbey, Ric 917 Frary, Dennis G. 246 Hartung, Wayne C. 396 Keller, Ted W., Jr. 408 Freeman, David 790 Hauf, Thomas 649 Kelly, Terence F. 129 French, Robert 702 Hearst, Ronald A., II 493 Kempf, Warren T. 516 Friedmann, Michael L. 682 Heaton, Jeffrey M. 351 Keneely, William C. 289 Fries, Todd 915 Hedrick, Timothy R. 555 Kennedy, Arch 828 Fuchs, Mark C. 648 Hennen, David A. 562 Kersh, Stephen W. 880 Fuller, John A. 364 Henry, Dan 704 Kessler, George H. Ill 738 Gajownik, Glenn R. 600 Heppner, Paul D. 455 Kierein, Thomas J. 382 Ganahl, Jym R. 106 Hernandez, Michael M. 697 Kimmel, Troy M., Jr. 344 Gandy, James T. 369 Herring, Charles S. 343 Kinnan, Henry W. 3 Garcia, Alejandro V. 619 Higgins, Chris 726 Kirk, Jeff 836 Garrison, Tammy A. 629 Hilgartner, John C. 656 Kirschvink, Michael E. 699 Gaughan, John C., Jr. 443 Hill, Jeffrey W. 507 Kirtek, Hugh A., Jr. 521 Gelber, Benjamin D. 216 Hill, Lawrence D. 256 Klevanosky, John 777 George, Chuck 895 Hill, Rodney L. 823 Klimasewski, Theodore J. 582 George, David L., Jr. 793 Hinkin, Matthew D. 581 Klotz, Jeffrey D. 475 Gerberg, Glen 842 Hocks, Robert J. 361 Kniess, Terry L. 646 Gerbstadt, Terry 556 Hodak, Gerald A. 154 Knific, Suzanne S. 487 Geyer, James R. 513 Hoffman, Michael J. 357 Knight, Paul G. 210 Ghiorse, John T., Jr. 74 Hohmann, Christopher T. 305 Knight, Thomas 839 Giddings, Peter F. 128 Hollett, Shane R. 415 Kolls, Rebecca 531 Gile, Bill 671 Honore, John C. 838 Konrad, Barbara 743 Giles, Jimmie D. 152 Hope, John R. 356 Koontz, Mark R. 294 Giunta, Mike 662 Hornberger, Art 199 Kopecek, Joe 822 Goddard, Richard D. 45 Horstmeyer, Steven L. 322 Koplien, Craig S. 718 Goff, Kevin H. 772 Hosier, Charles 8 Korbel, William R. 821 Goldstein, Mel 810 Hovey, William B. 108 Kordas, Raymond W., Jr. 729 Gomez, Mario J. 370 Howes, Ronald L. 123 Kovachick, Robert J. 171 Goosmann, Robert D. 605 Howl, James M. 177 Kozura, Linda A. 773 Graham, Michael H. 198 Huff, Janice W. 377 Kramer, Marc S. 874 Graves, Sharon L. 414 Huffines, Bradford T. 450 Krasuski, Ronald P. 741

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1755

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC Kronschnabel, Jeffrey F. 313 Massaro, Mark E. 523 Orr, Kathleen A. 787 Kruhoeffer, Douglas P. 261 Mastrostefano, Antonio III 760 Orzel, Brian P. 727 LaNore, Steve C. 471 Matthews, Ed C. 606 Ott, Armin J. 166 LaPoint, Michael S. 700 Maxon, Bob 684 Owings, Willis B. 283 LaPointe, Stephen A. 650 Mayo, Scott 747 Pann, Anthony J. 795 Larson, Mark A. 778 McCall, Michael L. 712 Parise, Joseph A. 786 Latella, Michael J. 746 McCauley, Steven D. 710 Parsons, Christopher I. 550 Lauria, Joseph V. 579 McClellan, Michael H. 355 Parsons, Peter G. 573 Lavine, Matthew A. 867 McCollister, Daryl W. 459 Pascal, Neal B. 267 Lawrence, Richard J. 881 McCown, Pamela J. 919 Paul, Donald J. 268 Lawson, Jeffrey B. 345 McGill, TimB. 528 Pearl, Edward W. 368 Lazalier, Jeffrey A. 621 McLain, Robert W. 196 Peitzman, Pamela S. 544 Lee, Daniel W. 875 McNally, Louis K. Ill 260 Penzkowski, Ronald G. 427 Lee, Mark D. 522 Meador, Dan P. 622 Peppers, Robert W. 657 Leep, Roy L. 10 Mercer, Jack M. 220 Periconi-Bailing, Darlene A. 484 Lemanowicz, Kevin P. 837 Meritt, Ron 891 Perillo, Robert 703 Lemke, Cheryl L. 524 Meyer, Travis G. 558 Peterson, William D. 193 Lessens, George D. 383 Michaelsen, Clifton W. 529 Phillips, Jim 662 Lewis, Elaine B. 610 Mignone, Anthony R. 563 Pietrowicz, Joseph A. 363 Ley, Gary W. 306 Milham, Daniel L. 284 Piotrowski, Edward T. 736 Lezak, Gary M. 683 Miller, David M. 395 Pope, Daniel W. 472 Lindmeier, Robert G. 397 Miller, John M. 636 Poulson, Sterling S. 750 Lipsey, Suzanne 820 Miller, Lori A. 818 Prater, Judson E., Jr. 669 Little, James R. 163 Mitchell, Alan L. 496 Preszler, Cindy 728 Lizura, Joseph 384 Mitchell, Rick J. 665 Pringle, H. Benjamin 330 Loffman, Tom 243 Mlodzik, Joseph R. 553 Prokop, Patrick 184 Longley, David P. 840 Modrick, Michael V. 290 Provenzano, Andrew C. 441 Loufman, Jon D. 481 Moeller, Craig W. 835 Pyeatt, Janet E. 561 Lowther, Michael C. 876 Mogil, H. Michael 181 Race, William P. 883 Lozano, Mike A., Jr. 176 Mohr, Samantha 751 Raines, Dallas D. 175 Lucht-Snyder, Lisa 761 Monahan, Keith R. 896 Raleigh, Stephen 691 Luehrs, Donald E., Jr. 624 Morano, Matthew D. 627 Ramer, Kevan W. 552 Luterman, Richard H. 802 Moray, Glenn T. 779 Randby, William E. 466 Lutzel, John T. 742 Morelli, Donald F. 416 Rasor, James I., II 514 Lynch, Marcus 893 Morrison, Cliff 597 Rector, Thomas C. 299 Lyons, Jeffrey P. 785 Morrow, Jeffrey T. 530 Reed, Robin J. 679 Lytle, James 690 Moskowitz, Harvey 228 Reh, William G. 348 Madaus, James L. 229 Mroz, Paul J. 375 Reif, James H. 231 Madden, Warren J. 804 Mukherjee, Mishtu 897 Reiner, Jeremy 870 Madson, Michael J. 482 Mulholland, Lawrence J. 230 Relihan, David J. 324 Maguire, Michael F. 574 Mumm, Stephen H. 603 Renner, Jeffrey B. 488 Maguire, Thaddeus J. 399 Murray, David P. 149 Resultan, Sharon 711 Mahar, Wayne G. 392 Muzio, Miles S. 311 Rexroth, David T. 780 Mahoney, Thomas J. 101 Myers, Chad E. 567 Reynolds, Mark A. 540 Malan, John J. 219 Nefstead, Cyril E. 291 Rial, Shea S. 849 Maly, Daniel D. 200 Nelsen, Mark 851 Richwien, Barry A. 269 Mamola, Frank 864 Nelson, Michael P. 249 Riggio, Robert F. 497 Mancuso, Mark 297 Nese, Jon M. 856 Ring, Edward J. 169 Mann, Phillip D. 766 Newman, Stephen R 379 Rixe, Frederick G. 467 Marciano, Robert M. 829 Nichols, James C. 654 Rizzo, Gary J. 638 Marquis, Colin N. 918 Nicholson, Clifford M. 275 Roberts, Michael E. 535 Marriott, Richard T. 645 Nitz, Bradley W. 740 Roberts, Ron 798 Marsh, David S. 136 Noe, Donald S. 142 Robertson, Michele R. 631 Marshall, John 898 Nolan, Warren D. 201 Robison, John W. 643 Marshment, Roberta A. 227 Norcross, Bryan S. 226 Roker, Albert L. 238 Marsik, Frank J. 483 Norman, Royal L. Jr. 385 Rosen, Arnold 393 Martin, Bill 907 O'Hearn, Michael J. 733 Rosenthal, Mark B. 428 Martin, James H. 789 O'Lenick, Mike 825 Rosenzweig, Robert H. 501 Martz, Jerry W. 841 Oliver, David A. 362 Ross, Tim 309 Mason, Layne P. 616 Ollis, Randall D. 298 Rowlett, William M. 599

1756 Vol. 78, No. 8, August 1997

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC Rubin, Eugene M. 251 Smith, Dennis L. 215 Von Ahn, Joan M. 591 Rubin, Evan A. 560 Smith, Jeffrey F. 536 Voss, Valerie 335 Ryan, Robert T. 79 Smith, Steven W. 892 Wagenet, Chris 811 Sadowsky, Gary 752 Smith, Terri A. 509 Wahl, A. Jillene 770 Saeland, Jodi M. 716 Sobel, Joseph P. 103 Walsh, William F. 617 Salna, Erik 721 Solomon, Bethany 861 Wankum, Michael D. 549 Sandusky, Frederick C. 920 Sonen, Heidi E. 502 Wappler, Harry V. 209 Santoro, David M. 673 Sopka, Robert J. 623 Watkins, Mark S. 769 Sanvido, Cecilia 866 Sorrells, Thomas G. 819 Waunsch, John G. 423 Sater, Tom 868 Spakowitz, Bradley J. 632 Weagle, Steve W. 888 Satterfield, Danny E. 380 Spann, James 858 Weathers, Dwight K. 763 Sawyer, David R. 872 Spencer, Lisa L. 692 Weaver, Robert 67 Scalzi, John 830 Spencer, William R. 651 Webre, Byron K. 432 Seaman, Thomas S. 586 Stachak, Stanley J. 222 Weiner, Craig A. 658 Schick, Larry 664 Steffen, William J. 412 Weingarten, Andrew L. 400 Schmit, Dan 813 Stinnett, Lorraine 347 Weiss, Carl 270 Schmitz, Kurt R. 208 Stockhausen, Camie 844 Welborn, Jeffrey 659 Schnebelt, James J. 293 Stone, Michael W. 908 Wendel, John M. 317 Schreck, Philip G. 468 St. Pe, Edward I. 515 Werner, Robert F., Jr. 512 Schubert, William H. 213 Svercl, Stephen J. 805 Westbrook, Don R. 144 Schulz, Kenneth A. 403 Swails, Terry L. 300 Westerlage, Keith C. 439 Schumacher, Anthony T. 852 Sweeney, David S. 762 Wheeler, John F. 660 Schwartz, Glenn E. 221 Swienckowski, Steve 674 Whelan, Christopher P. 803 Schwarz, Philip S. 409 Szymanski, Thomas F. 799 Whitelaw, Philip 312 Schwoegler, Bruce W. 189 Taft, Jerome B. II 168 Wilkinson, Mark D. 575 Scirto, Mark J. 508 Tanchak, Jeffrey A. 847 Williams, Kevin D. 340 Sealls, Alan R. 486 Tasselmeyer, Thomas M. 430 Williams, Phillip B. 511 Sebastian, Norman C. 381 Taylor, Reg 827 Willing, John R. 232 Seidel, Michael P. 510 Teeling, Steven 781 Wills, Thomas G. 80 Selle, Kevin W. 921 Teller, Merril D. 188 Winfield, Alan 419 Settoon, Margaret Orr 905 Teske, Robert J. 806 Winter, John 788 Sevcik, David P. 889 Textor, Theodore E. 458 Winterling, George A. 42 Shapiro, Howard E. 146 Thomas, Bruce G. 554 Wohlenhaus, Stephen J. 564 Shattuck, Wayne C. 214 Thomas, Daniel H. 913 Wood, Glenn C. 271 Shaw, Robert M. 538 Thompson, Michael L. 320 Woodford, Richard A. 452 Shaw, Scott A. 826 Towne, David K. 254 Woods, Benjamin P. 594 Shepard, Stuart A. 869 Tracey, Gerard J. 639 Woods, Craig J. 113 Shiels, Robert J. 744 Travis, Bradley B. 887 Wright, Christopher M. 689 Shumway, Christopher A. 909 Trenda, Ronald W. 525 Wrobel, Mary E. 767 Shutt, Charles T. 498 Twigg, Roger M. 894 Wysocki, Dean R. 878 Siebert, D. James 906 Udelson, Stephen M. 644 Yaros, Ronald A. 272 Simon, Mike 886 Vachalek, Roger E. 686 Zabrecky, George 431 Simosko, Ken 922 Van Dillen, Robert S. 899 Zabrecky, Robert E. 90 Sisto, F. Calvin 192 Vanore, Dave 812 Zaffino, Matthew 376 Skilling, Thomas E. Ill 119 Varga, Theresa L. 797 Zandt, Paul A. 546 Slater, Jon 923 Vernon, Connor 601 Zimmerman, Glenn 713 Smalley, Jack 755 Vincent, Samuel J. 910 Zunke, Dale N. 202 Smalstig, Jonathan J. 796

TELEVISION SEAL HOLDERS (LISTED BY SEAL NUMBER)

1 Francis K. Davis, Jr. (H) 1959 4 Milton F. Barlow** 1960 10 Roy L. Leep 1960 2 Kenneth H. Jehn* (H) 1959 5 Warren A. Culbertson** 1960 11 James M. Macdonald, Jr.** 1960 3 Henry W. Kinnan (H) 1959 6 Bob Thomas** 1960 12 Frederick P. Ostby, Jr.** 1960 7 Robert L. Hendrick** 1960 13 Donald E. Kent** 1960 (H) = Honorary 8 Charles Hosier 1960 14 Peter M. Kuhn** 1960 *Deceased **Inactive 9 George M. Howe** 1960 15 Milton A. Strauss** 1960

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1757

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC 16 Gordon B. Weir* 1960 74 John T. Ghiorse, Jr. 1969 134 John B. Walls** 1976 17 Joe H. Wolters** 1960 75 Richard G. Andrews** 1969 135 Alan S. Mitleider** 1976 18 Cecil C. Carrier** 1960 76 Charles M. Umpenhour** 1969 136 David S. Marsh 1976 19 John C. Capell** 1960 77 William N. Seiler** 1970 137 Paul E. Barys 1976 20 Robert C. Copeland** 1960 78 George R. Wooten, Jr.** 1970 138 James F. Pass** 1976 21 D. Clay McDowell** 1960 79 Robert T. Ryan 1971 139 Raymond L. Boylan 1977 22 Albert E. Boyer, Jr.** 1960 80 Thomas G. Wills 1971 140 Joel P. Bartlett, Jr. 1977 23 Harry A. Volkman** 1960 81 Roger L. Triemstra** 1971 141 Robert J. Roseman** 1977 24 Howard M. Frazier** 1960 82 Elliot Abrams 1971 142 Donald S. Noe 1977 25 H. Dale Milford** 1960 83 Sidney O. Barnard** 1971 143 Richard D. McLaughlin** 1977 26 Frank H. Forrester* 1960 84 William M. Zeliff** 1971 144 Don R. Westbrook 1978 27 Leon M. Rottman* 1960 85 Paul S. Joseph 1971 145 Charles E. Levy** 1978 28 James C. Fidler (H) 1961 86 Charles Middleton** 1971 146 Howard E. Shapiro 1978 29 William Crawford* 1961 87 Douglas B. Cargill** 1971 147 Valarie A. Jones** 1978 30 Joseph W. Denardo 1961 88 Harry J. Green** 1971 148 James L. Menard** 1978 31 Verl D. Dotson** 1961 89 Mark E. Eubank 1972 149 David P. Murray 1978 32 Charles F. Thomas** 1961 90 Robert E. Zabrecky 1972 150 Donald K. Woods** 1978 33 Nash C. Roberts, Jr.** 1961 91 William S. Thorpe** 1972 151 Richard W. Faurot 1978 34 Howard E. Reiquam* 1961 92 George R. Fischbeck** 1972 152 Jimmie D. Giles 1978 35 Norman J. MacDonald** 1962 93 John T. McMurray** 1972 153 Richard J. Katz** 1978 36 Harry C. Zimmerman** 1962 94 H. Joe Witte 1972 154 Gerald A. Hodak 1978 37 Norman K. Wagner** 1962 95 Wayne G. Winston** 1972 155 Gary Shore** 1978 38 Robert E. Amsberry** 1962 96 June Bacon-Bercey** 1972 156 Roy F. Finden 1978 39 Robert E.Lynott** 1962 97 Walton W. Jones 1972 157 Richard J. Mancini** 1978 40 Howard H. Hanks, Jr.* 1962 98 Walter A. Lyons** 1972 158 Gordon D. Rasmussen** 1978 41 Roland R. Kessler** 1962 99 Eric A. Meindl** 1972 159 Fred J. Jenkins** 1978 42 George A. Winterling 1963 100 John F. Beckman 1973 160 Richard R. Fletcher 1978 43 Loren F. Boatman** 1963 101 Thomas J. Mahoney 1973 161 Vincent M. Miller** 1978 44 James E. Smith* 1963 102 Mark H. Schumacher** 1973 162 Craig A. Johnson 1978 45 Richard D. Goddard 1964 103 Joseph P. Sobel 1973 163 James R. Little 1978 46 Charles W. Stump* 1964 104 Allen H. Motew** 1973 164 Robert P. Soper** 1978 47 Albert W.Duckworth** 1964 105 Virginia J. Bigler-Engler** 1973 165 Wayne M. Jenkins** 1978 48 Clifford H.Watkins** 1965 106 Jym R. Ganahl 1973 166 Armin J. Ott 1978 49 Hubert D. Bagley** 1965 107 Ross J. Dixon, Jr.** 1974 167 Dale G. Noah** 1978 50 George W. Sickels, Jr.** 1965 108 William B. Hovey 1974 168 Jerome B. Taft II 1978 51 John W. Hambleton** 1966 109 John A. Ebert** 1974 169 Edward J. Ring 1978 52 Frank Field** 1966 110 Patrick B. Moore** 1974 170 Theodore F. Fathauer 1978 53 David C. Guild 1966 111 Allan C. Eustis 1974 171 Robert J. Kovachick 1978 54 Seth D. Kemble** 1967 112 Richard E. Albert 1974 172 Robert W. Jacobson, Jr.** 1978 55 Conrad L. Johnson** 1967 113 Craig J. Woods 1974 173 Walter Cronise** 1978 56 Horace W. Meredith** 1967 114 Winston H. Jervis, Jr.** 1974 174 Michael D. Fairbourne 1978 57 Leonard M. Slesick** 1967 115 James J. O'Donnell** 1974 175 Dallas D. Raines 1978 58 Robert F.Zames** 1967 116 William R. Kowal** 1974 176 Mike A. Lozano, Jr. 1978 5 9 Frederick J. Norman * * 1967 117 Norman C. Taylor* 1974 177 James M. Howl 1979 60 W. Paul Catoe** 1967 118 Russell G. DuBuc** 1975 178 Paul S. Hagar 1979 61 John H.Cromwell** 1968 119 Thomas E. Skilling III 1975 179 William O. Eisenhood** 1979 62 James D. Williams** 1968 120 Fred W. Weiss** 1975 180 Robert L.O'Wril* 1979 63 Ronald L. Godbey** 1968 121 Robert D. Welti** 1975 181 H. Michael Mogil 1979 64 Arthur C.Roberts** 1968 122 Russell F. Minshew* 1975 182 Robert W. Dixon 1979 65 Boyd E. Quate** 1968 123 Ronald L. Howes 1975 183 Leonard R. Elfervig 1979 66 Tony Sands** 1969 124 Norman F. Lewis** 1975 184 Patrick M. Prokop 1979 67 Robert Weaver 1969 125 John F. Chandik 1975 185 Paul W. Cousins 1979 68 Jehu D. Ashmore** 1969 126 Kenneth R. Rainey** 1975 186 Richard C. Przywarty** 1979 69 Robert Kudzma** 1969 127 John R. Bradshaw** 1975 187 Dan J. True** 1979 70 Charles M. Gertz** 1969 128 Peter F. Giddings 1975 188 Merril D. Teller 1979 71 Robert E. Wademan* 1969 129 Terence F. Kelly 1975 189 Bruce W. Schwoegler 1979 72 Joel N. Myers** 1969 130 Michael R. Smith** 1975 190 Jeffrey P. Walker** 1979 73 John J. Cahir** 1969 131 Dennis W. Feltgen 1975 191 Richard R. Warren** 1979 132 C. S. Keen** 1976 192 Calvin Sisto 1979 *Deceased **Inactive 133 Kenneth B. McCool** 1976 193 William D. Peterson 1979

1758 Vol. 78, No. 8, August 1997

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC 194 Jeffrey B. Gallant** 1979 252 Jocelyn K. White** 1982 313 Jeffrey F. Kronschnabel 1983 195 Keith Eichner 1979 253 Carey L. Kinsey, Jr.** 1982 314 Anthony Cavalier 1983 196 Robert W. McLain 1979 254 David K. Towne 1982 315 Dale A. Dockus** 1983 197 William D. Kamal 1979 255 Richard A. Addis 1982 316 David N. Eichorn 1983 198 Michael H. Graham 1979 256 Lawrence D. Hill 1982 317 John M. Wendel 1983 199 Arthur E. Hornberger, Jr. 1979 257 James G. Duncan 1982 318 John C. Dooley** 1983 200 Daniel D. Maly 1979 258 Vincent D. Condella, Jr. 1982 319 Sally P. Bernier 1983 201 Warren D. Nolan 1979 259 Glenn N. Burns 1982 320 Michael L. Thompson 1983 202 Dale N. Zunke 1979 260 Louis K. McNally III 1982 321 Steven W. Browne 1983 203 Daniel M. Atkinson, Jr. 1980 261 Douglas P. Kruhoeffer 1982 322 Steven L. Horstmeyer 1983 204 Barry M. Burbank 1980 262 Robert Becker 1982 323 Stephen M. Letro** 1983 205 David I. Duisik** 1980 263 Stuart M. Bowersox** 1982 324 David J. Relihan 1983 206 Mark S. Russell** 1980 264 Gregory B. Fishel 1982 325 Paul J. Silvestri** 1983 207 C. Michael Rucker 1980 265 Anthony O. Johnson 1982 326 Storm E. Field 1983 208 Kurt R. Schmitz 1980 266 Mark L. Nichols** 1982 327 James E. Brihan** 1983 209 Harry V. Wappler 1980 267 Neal B. Pascal 1982 328 Karen A. Filloon 1983 210 Paul G. Knight 1980 268 Donald J. Paul 1982 329 Timothy W. Deegan 1983 211 Michael G. Reeves** 1980 269 Barry A. Richwien 1982 330 Harry B. Pringle 1983 212 Robert L. Schwartz** 1980 270 Carl Weiss 1982 331 Jonathan Davies 1983 213 William H. Schubert 1980 271 Glenn C. Wood 1982 332 Robert Arnold 1983 214 Wayne C. Shajtuck 1980 272 Ronald A. Yaros 1982 333 Donald L. Edwards** 1983 215 Dennis L. Smith 1980 274 John G. Bernier 1982 334 Bradford A. Field 1983 216 Benjamin D. Gelber 1981 275 Clifford M. Nicholson 1982 335 Valerie Voss 1983 217 Todd Gross 1981 276 William E. Kuster** 1982 336 John C. Fischer 1984 218 Kenneth T. Koch** 1981 277 Frank B. Deal, Jr.** 1982 337 Gail J. Doucet 1984 219 John J. Malan 1981 278 John J. Collins 1982 338 Joseph J. Calhoun 1984 220 Jack M. Mercer 1981 279 John J. Campbell** 1982 339 Joseph Cioffi 1984 221 Glenn E. Schwartz 1981 280 Thomas E. Hale 1982 340 Kevin D. Williams 1984 222 Stanley J. Stachak 1981 281 Robert O. Baron 1982 341 David T. Lawyer** 1984 223 Joseph A. Dandrea** 1981 282 David W. Dahl 1982 342 Chris D. Thompson 1984 224 Thomas L. Magnuson** 1981 283 Willis B. Owings 1982 343 Charles S. Herring 1984 225 Joseph C. Conway 1981 284 Daniel L. Milham 1982 344 Troy M. Kimmel, Jr. 1984 226 Bryan S. Norcross 1981 285 Malcolm P. Sillars** 1982 345 Jeffrey B. Lawson 1984 227 Roberta A. Marshment 1981 286 Andre M. Bernier 1983 346 Donald K. Chilo** 1984 228 Harvey Leonard 1981 287 John T. Bielski 1983 347 Lorraine Stinnett 1984 229 James L. Madaus 1981 288 Edward A. Duranczyk, Jr. 1983 348 William G. Reh 1984 230 Lawrence J. Mulholland 1981 289 William C. Keneely 1983 349 David C. Carlson 1984 231 James H. Reif 1981 290 Michael V. Modrick 1983 350 Paul H. Gross 1984 232 John R. Willing 1981 291 Cyril E. Nefstead 1983 351 Jeffrey M. Heaton 1984 233 William H. Annen 1981 292 Leon F. Pettersen** 1983 352 Brian D. Davis 1984 234 John D. Flanders** 1981 293 James J. Schnebelt 1983 353 David P. Barnes, Jr. 1985 235 James B. Flowers 1981 294 Mark R. Koontz 1983 354 David H. Brown 1985 236 Kevin M. O'Connell** 1981 295 Donald W. Carson 1983 355 Michael H. McClellan 1985 237 Ronald W. Jackson** 1981 296 David S. Eiser** 1983 356 John R. Hope 1985 238 Albert L. Roker 1981 297 Mark Mancuso 1983 357 Michael J. Hoffman 1985 239 James W. Bosley 1981 298 Randall D. Ollis 1983 358 Robert E. Day, Jr.** 1985 240 Wayne P. Chandler** 1981 299 Thomas C. Rector 1983 359 Rufus R. Hafer** 1985 241 Daniel G. Dobrowolski 1981 300 Terry L. Swails 1983 360 Ron Allen 1985 242 Robert E. Gregory 1981 301 Nicholas J. Gregory 1983 361 Robert J. Hocks 1985 243 Thomas Loffman 1982 302 Chuck F. Wiese** 1983 362 David A. Oliver 1985 244 Nancy A. Chapman 1982 303 Barton J. Adrian 1983 363 Joseph A. Pietrowicz 1985 245 Timothy A. Chuey 1982 304 Raymond J. Ban** 1983 364 John A. Fuller 1985 246 Dennis G. Frary 1982 305 Christopher T. Hohmann 1983 365 Rebecca E. Erwin-Miller** 1985 247 Neil E. Kastor 1982 306 Gary W. Ley 1983 366 James P. Roemer** 1985 248 Donald T. McNeely** 1982 307 Albert M. Bolton 1983 367 Nicholas D. Schordje** 1985 249 Michael P. Nelson 1982 308 Jim F. Riggs* 1983 368 Edward W. Pearl 1985 250 Donald O. Novak** 1982 309 Tim Ross 1983 369 James T. Gandy 1985 251 Eugene M. Rubin 1982 310 Donald C. Buser 1983 370 Mario J. Gomez 1985 311 Miles S. Muzio 1983 371 Daniel R. Bowman** 1985 *Deceased **Inactive 312 Phil Whitelaw 1983 372 Greg P. Bostwick** 1985

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1759

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC 373 Dennis J. Hodges** 1985 432 Byron K. Webre 1987 492 James W. Jaggers 1988 374 Eric T. DeZubay 1985 433 Bruce J. Deprest 1987 493 Ronald A. Hearst II 1988 375 Paul J. Mroz 1985 434 Holice H. Kaderli, Jr. 1987 494 Noreen R. Clark 1988 376 Matthew Zaffino 1985 435 Glenn E. Johnson 1987 495 Thomas N. Clark 1988 377 Janice W. Huff 1985 436 Elmer M. Childress 1987 496 Alan L. Mitchell 1988 378 Richard K. Griffin 1985 437 Thomas J. Bevacqua** 1987 497 Robert F. Riggio 1988 379 Stephen R. Newman 1985 438 Robert W. Cameron** 1987 498 Charles T. Shutt 1988 380 Danny E. Satterfield 1985 439 Keith C. Westerlage 1987 499 Tamara A. Miller-Glahn** 1988 381 Norman C. Sebastian 1985 440 James F. Stewart** 1987 500 George G. Brown 1988 382 Thomas J. Kierein 1985 441 Andrew C. Provenzano 1987 501 Robert H. Rosenzweig 1988 383 George D. Lessens 1985 442 Michael S. Rampy** 1987 502 Heidi E. Sonen 1988 384 Joseph Lizura 1985 443 John C. Gaughan, Jr. 1987 503 Jeffrey G. Latham** 1988 385 Royal L. Norman, Jr. 1985 444 Gordon R. Behm 1987 504 Karroll R. Bohnak 1988 386 Duane D. Harding 1985 445 Jeffrey T. Jensen 1987 505 Jonathan R. Cash 1988 387 Michael G. Cejka 1985 446 William S. Schmidt** 1987 506 Christopher Curlis** 1988 388 Jay Lennartson** 1985 447 Tom Burse 1987 507 Jeffrey W. Hill 1988 390 Steven P. Caporizzo 1985 448 Brian H. Durst** 1987 508 Mark J. Scirto 1988 391 William H. Evans 1985 449 Martha L. Austin 1987 509 Terri A. Smith 1988 392 Wayne G. Mahar 1985 450 Bradford T. Huffines 1987 510 Michael P. Seidel 1988 393 Arnold Rosen 1985 451 Rene J. Brunet III 1987 511 Phillip B.Williams 1988 394 Herbert E. Stevens** 1985 452 Richard A. Woodford 1987 512 Robert F. Werner, Jr. 1988 395 David M. Miller 1985 453 Robert W. Demers** 1987 513 James R. Geyer 1988 396 Wayne C. Hartung 1985 454 Craig S. Schellsmidt** 1987 514 James I. Rasor II 1988 397 Robert G. Lindmeier 1985 455 Paul O. Heppner 1987 515 Edward I. St. Pe 1988 398 Daniel W. McCarthy** 1985 456 John R. Boston** 1987 516 Warren T. Kempf 1988 399 Thaddeus J. Maguire 1985 457 John A. Cessarich 1987 517 Janice L. Burtt** 1988 400 Andrew L. Weingarten 1985 458 Theodore E. Textor 1987 518 Kevin M. Carter 1988 401 Robert C. Brough 1985 459 Daryl W. McCollister 1987 519 Linda C. Dolan 1988 402 Chris S. Edwards** 1986 460 Brian T. Alworth 1987 520 Samuel M. Evans 1988 403 Kenneth A. Schulz 1986 461 Victoria L. Griffin 1987 521 Hugh A. Kirtek, Jr. 1988 404 Brian A. Albrecht 1986 462 Steven R. Cascione 1987 522 Mark D. Lee 1988 405 Michael Bono 1986 463 Kenneth A. Aucoin 1987 523 Mark E. Massaro 1988 406 James R. Clarke 1986 464 John G. Fausett** 1987 524 Cheryl L. Lemke 1988 407 Andrew A. Avalos 1986 465 David R. Hartman 1987 525 Ronald W. Trenda 1988 408 Ted W. Keller, Jr. 1986 466 William E. Randby 1987 526 Anthony J. Derda 1989 409 Philip S. Schwarz 1986 467 Frederick G. Rixe 1987 527 John J. Guaraldi 1989 410 John W. Adams 1986 468 Philip G. Schreck 1987 528 TimB. McGill 1989 411 James R. Wegner** 1986 469 Martin E. Coniglio 1988 529 Clifton W. Michaelsen 1989 412 William J. Steffen 1986 470 James M. Corbin 1988 530 Jeffrey T. Morrow 1989 413 Lana C. Jones** 1986 471 Steve C. LaNore 1988 531 Rebecca M. Kolls 1989 414 Sharon L. Graves 1986 472 Daniel W. Pope 1988 532 Fredrick R. Barnhill 1989 415 Shane R. Hollett 1986 473 David L. Schaffer** 1988 533 Kenneth J. Barlow 1989 416 Donald F. Morelli 1986 474 James M. Cantore** 1988 534 Scott C. Dorval 1989 417 David A. Carmichael** 1986 475 Jeffrey D. Klotz 1988 535 Michael E. Roberts 1989 418 David C. Whitford** 1986 476 Steven C. Bray 1988 536 Jeffrey F. Smith 1989 419 Alan Winfield 1986 477 Declan P. Cannon 1988 537 Donald M. Moldenhauer** 1989 420 John M. Wooldridge** 1986 478 Frank J. Cariello 1988 538 Robert M. Shaw 1989 421 David S. Huntress** 1986 479 Patricia L. Cooper** 1988 539 John V. Denton, Jr. 1989 422 Tom Lilley** 1986 480 Christopher R. Grote 1988 540 Mark A. Reynolds 1989 423 John G. Waunsch 1986 481 Jon D. Loufman 1988 541 Gary J. Amble 1989 424 Matthew P. Belau 1986 482 Michael J. Madson 1988 542 Mike S. Anderson 1989 425 Bryan T. Busby 1986 483 Frank J. Marsik 1988 543 Thomas L. Chisholm 1989 426 Bruce E. Kalinowski 1986 484 Darlene A. Periconi-Bailing 1988 544 Pamela S. Peitzman 1989 427 Ronald G. Penzkowski 1986 485 Phillip P. Stanley** 1988 545 Fulvio A. Fabrizi 1989 428 Mark B. Rosenthal 1986 486 Alan R. Sealls 1988 546 Paul A. Zandt 1989 429 Sharon L. Akemann 1986 487 Suzanne S. Knific 1988 547 Robert W. Harrigan 1989 430 Thomas M. Tasselmyer 1986 488 Jeffrey B. Renner 1988 548 Tod M. Hyslop** 1989 431 George S. Zabrecky 1986 489 Paul N. Dellegatto 1988 549 Michael D. Wankum 1989 490 David G. Dierks 1988 550 Christopher I. Parsons 1989 *Deceased **Inactive 491 Mark L. Evangelista** 1988 551 Carl C. Arredondo III 1989

1760 Vol. 78, No. 8, August 1997

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 03:38 AM UTC 552 Kevan W. Ramer 1989 610 Elaine B. Lewis 1990 670 Vivian L. Brown** 1991 553 Joseph R. Mlodzik 1989 611 Ronald A. Harris 1990 671 Bill Gile 1991 554 Bruce G. Thomas 1989 612 Bruce R. Katz 1990 672 Paul T. Huttner 1991 555 Timothy R. Hedrick 1989 613 Barry A. Brandt 1990 673 David M. Santoro 1991 556 Terry Gerbstadt 1989 614 Bret M. Atkins 1990 674 Steve Swienckowski 1991 557 Laura C. York** 1989 615 Howard I. Bernstein 1990 675 Jesse Walker** 1991 558 Travis G. Meyer 1989 616 Layne P. Mason 1990 676 Anthony Watts** 1991 559 Robert N. Eisenson 1989 617 William F. Walsh 1990 677 Joseph C. Goudsward** 1991 560 Evan A. Rubin 1989 618 Michael P. Alger 1990 678 Michael J. Barsic** 1991 561 Janet E. Pyeatt 1989 619 Alejandro V. Garcia 1990 679 Robin J. Reed 1991 562 David A. Hennen 1989 620 David M. Kuntz** 1990 680 Terri L. Bennett 1992 563 Anthony R. Mignone 1989 621 Jeffrey A. Lazalier 1990 681 Zachary R. Berkowitz 1992 564 Stephen J. Wohlenhaus 1989 622 Dan P. Meador 1990 682 Michael L. Friedmann 1992 565 Ellen Ferrara 1989 623 Robert J. Sopka 1990 683 Gary M. Lezak 1992 566 Carey T. Coleman 1989 624 Donald E. Luehrs, Jr. 1990 684 Bob Maxon 1992 567 Chad E. Myers 1989 625 Richard G. Johnson 1990 685 Charles G. Bell 1992 568 Terrence P. Casey 1989 626 Jill A. Wiesman** 1990 686 Roger E. Vachalek 1992 569 Brad J. Edwards 1989 627 Matthew D. Morano 1990 687 Steven M. Jerve 1992 570 Michael L. Pass** 1989 628 Gary A. Cannalte 1990 688 Brian Sussman 1992 571 Mark D. Maggipinto** 1989 629 Tammy A. Garrison 1990 689 Christopher M. Wright 1992 572 Joseph R. Calbreath 1989 630 Michael K. Glaser** 1990 690 James Lytle 1992 573 Peter G. J. Parsons 1989 631 Michele R. Robertson 1990 691 Stephen E. Raleigh 1992 574 Michael F. Maguire 1989 632 Bradley J. Spakowitz 1990 692 Lisa L. Spencer 1992 575 Mark D. Wilkinson 1989 633 Michael G. Davis 1990 693 George T. Caldes 1992 576 Lawrence F. Cosgrove 1990 634 James T. Farrell 1991 694 Alan R. Conklin 1992 577 Dale L. Jones 1990 635 Robert S. Smith 1991 695 Mark A. Fox 1992 578 Michael J. Bracciano 1990 636 John M. Miller 1991 696 Elissa L. Gruner 1992 579 Joseph V. Lauria 1990 637 Kent Ehrhardt 1991 697 Michael M. Hernandez 1992 580 James R. Guy 1990 638 Gary J. Rizzo 1991 698 Jason P. Laney** 1992 581 Matthew D. Hinkin 1990 639 Gerard J. Tracey 1991 699 Michael E. Kirschvink 1992 582 Theodore J. Klimasewski 1990 640 Jeffrey G. Hardin 1991 700 Michael S. LaPoint 1992 583 Norman D. Dvoskin 1990 641 William H. Boss 1991 701 Paul E. Bouchereau, Jr. 1992 584 Daniel S. Connell 1990 642 W. Marvin Daugherty 1991 702 Bob French 1992 585 Jay A. Cardosi 1990 643 John W. Robison 1991 703 Robert Perillo 1992 586 Thomas S. Seaman 1990 644 Stephen M. Udelson 1991 704 Dan Henry 1992 587 Richard S. Dooley 1990 645 Richard T. Marriott 1991 705 Dave Harmon 1992 588 Stephen C. Bellas 1990 646 Terry L. Kniess 1991 706 David Epstein 1992 589 Edward W. Carroll** 1990 647 Kenneth P. Philips** 1991 707 John L. Boyle 1992 590 Gay H. Dawson** 1990 648 Mark C. Fuchs 1991 708 George Elliot 1992 591 Joan M. Von Ahn 1990 649 Thomas A. Hauf 1991 709 Kristine Kahanek 1992 592 David I. Chandley 1990 650 Stephen A. LaPointe 1991 710 Steven D. McCauley 1992 593 Arthur H. Saxon, Jr.** 1990 651 William R. Spencer 1991 711 Sharon Resultan 1992 594 Ben Woods 1990 652 David F. Torchia** 1991 712 Michael L. McCall 1992 595 Joseph R. Diaz 1990 653 Patricia M. Brown 1991 713 Glenn Zimmerman 1992 596 Franklin P. Billingsley 1990 654 J. Curtis Nichols 1991 714 Diane Kacmarik 1992 597 Cliff Morrison 1990 655 Michael Bigler** 1991 715 Wes Browning 1992 598 Charles E. Gurney 1990 656 John C. Hilgartner 1991 716 Jodi M. Saeland 1993 599 William M.Rowlett 1990 657 Robert W. Peppers 1991 717 Thomas M. Terry, Jr.** 1993 600 Glenn R. Gajownik 1990 658 Craig A. Weiner 1991 718 Craig S. Koplien 1993 601 Connor Vernon 1990 659 Jeffrey Welborn 1991 719 Robert B. Symon, Jr.** 1993 602 Joseph V. DiGiovanni 1990 660 John F. Wheeler 1991 720 Timothy S. Kelley** 1993 603 Stephen H. Mumm 1990 661 James W. Phillips 1991 721 Erik Salna 1993 604 Bruce M. Avery 1990 662 Michael Giunta 1991 722 Chris Bradley 1993 605 Robert D. Goosmann 1990 663 Patrick A. Core 1991 723 Peter V. Chan, Jr.** 1993 606 Ed C. Matthews 1990 664 Larry Schick 1991 724 Christopher J. Cimino 1993 607 Jody L. James** 1990 665 Rick J. Mitchell 1991 725 Nancy E. Dignon 1993 608 Glen A. Duncan 1990 666 Dianne Barone 1991 726 Chris Higgins 1993 609 Phillip W. Badgett** 1990 667 Susan A. Mroz** 1991 727 Brian P. Orzel 1993 668 Michael A. Buresh 1991 728 Cindy Preszler 1993 ^Deceased **Inactive 669 Judson E. Prater, Jr. 1991 729 Raymond W. Kordas, Jr. 1993

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*Deceased **Inactive

Stochastic Lagrangian Models of Turbulent Diffusion Meteorological Monograph No. 48 by Howard C. Rodean

Until now, atmospheric scientists have had to learn the mathematical machinery of the theory of stochastic processes as they went along. With this monograph, atmospheric scientists are given a basic understanding of the physical and mathematical foundations of stochastic Lagrangian models of turbulent diffusion. The culmination of four years of research, Stochastic Lagrangian Models of Turbulent Diffusion discusses a historical review of Brownian motion and turbulent diffusion; applicable physics of turbulence; definitions of stochastic diffusion; the Fokker-Planck equation; stochastic differential equations for turbulent diffusion; criteria for stochastic models of turbulent diffusion; turbulent diffusion in three dimensions; applications of Thompson's "simplest" solution; application to the convective boundary layer; the boundary condition problem; and a parameterization of turbulence statistics for model inputs.

American ©1996 American Meteorological Society. Hardbound, B&W, 84 pp., $55 list/$35 members Meteorological (includes shipping and handling). Please send prepaid orders to: Order Department, American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693. Society

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1763

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This 280-pp. volume, complete with weather charts, color schematics, radar images, and eye-opening photographs, documents 20 of the Northeast's most crippling snowstorms over 30 years. Paul J. Kocin and Louis W. Uccellini, of the National Meteoro- logical Center, provide a comprehen- sive overview from historical, climato- logical, and dynamic perspectives to address how these storms develop and to serve as a guide for forecasters in predicting their arrival.

By Paul J. Kocin and Louis W. Uccellini

SNOWSTORMS Atom THi NORTHiASTiRN COAST of THi mnm statist 1§§§ TO ©1990 American Meteorological Society. Hardcover, B&W, 280 pp., $40 list/$30 member (including shipping and handling). Please send prepaid orders to: Order Department, American Meteoro- logical Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693.

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1764 Vol. 78, No. 8, August 1997

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