Rwanda Genocide: US Citizen Falsely Accused
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Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda
Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda This book examines the mobilization, role, and trajectory of women rescuers and perpetrators during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. While much has been written about the victimization of women during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, very little has been said about women who rescued targeted victims or perpetrated crimes against humanity. This book explores and analyzes the role played by women who exercised agency as rescuers and as per- petrators during the genocide in Rwanda. As women, they took actions and deci- sions within the context of a deeply entrenched patriarchal system that limited their choices. This work examines two diverging paths of women’s agency during this period: to rescue from genocide or to perpetrate genocide. It seeks to answer three questions: First, how were certain Rwandan women mobilized to parti- cipate in genocide, and by whom? Second, what were the specific actions of women during this period of violence and upheaval? Finally, what were the tra- jectories of women rescuers and perpetrators after the genocide? Comparing and contrasting how women rescuers and perpetrators were mobilized, the actions they undertook, and their post- genocide trajectories, and concluding with a broader discussion of the long- term impact of ignoring these women, this book develops a more nuanced and holistic view of women’s agency and the genocide in Rwanda. This book will be of interest to students of gender studies, genocide studies, African politics and critical security studies. Sara E. Brown is a Fellow at the USC Shoah Foundation – The Institute for Visual History and Education, and has a PhD in Comparative Genocide Studies from Clark University, USA. -
Genocidal Gender and Sexual Violence the Legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’S Ordinary Courts and Gacaca Courts
GENOCIDAL GENDER AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’s ordinary courts and gacaca courts Cover illustration: Francisco De Goya (1746-1828), Etching, Plate 52 from ‘Los desastres de la guerra’ Typesetting: G.J. Wiarda Institue for Legal Research, Utrecht University A commercial edition of this dissertation will be published by Intersentia in the Series Supranational Criminal Law: Capita Saelecta, Vol. 17 under ISBN 978-1-78068-210-5 Genocidal Gender and Sexual Violence The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’s ordinary courts and gacaca courts Gendergerelateerd en seksueel geweld als genocide De erfenis van het ICTR, Rwanda’s gewone rechtbanken en gacaca rechtbanken Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 18 december 2013 des middags te 12.45 uur door Usta Kaitesi geboren op 5 augustus 1975 te Kampala, Uganda Promotor: Prof. mr. J.E. Goldschmidt Co-promotor: Dr. R.H. Haveman Financial support for this PhD thesis was provided by the Centre for International Legal Cooperation (CILC). To my dearest friend and husband Richard, and to our girls. Because of your enjoyable love, patience, self-sacrifice, unwavering support and the smiles you bring. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The fortunate aspect behind the completion of this study was the opportunity to work with two excellent mentors, Jenny Goldschmidt and Roelof Haveman; your guidance, support and the opportunity to grow academically is sincerely appreciated. I have learnt enormously from your valuable suggestions, perspectives, academic supervision, character and personality; I would not have wished for more. -
She Makes Me Ashamed to Be a Woman: the Genocide Conviction of Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, 2011
Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 34 Issue 3 January 2013 She Makes Me Ashamed to Be a Woman: The Genocide Conviction of Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, 2011 Mark A. Drumbl Washington and Lee University, School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, and the Organizations Law Commons Recommended Citation Mark A. Drumbl, She Makes Me Ashamed to Be a Woman: The Genocide Conviction of Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, 2011, 34 MICH. J. INT'L L. 559 (2013). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol34/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "SHE MAKES ME ASHAMED TO BE A WOMAN": THE GENOCIDE CONVICTION OF PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO, 2011 Mark A. Drumbl* INTRODUCTION................................................. 559 I. PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO: BACKGROUND, ASCENT, DESCENT ............................................... 564 II. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS................................... 571 III. MYTH As STRATEGY, TRIAL As SENSATION ............ 580 A. Instrumental Pretexts..... .................... 583 B. Her Case As News.... ...................... 586 1. How She Looks ........................... 587 2. What She Does................................. 589 3. And How She Lords over That Son of Hers .... 590 IV. LESSONS FOR INTERNATIONAL LAW IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES .............................................. 593 A. InternationalJustice As First-Best Justice ............ 593 B. Connivance and Collective Violence ................ 597 C. -
SCSL Press Clippings
SPECIAL COURT FOR SIERRA LEONE OUTREACH AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESS CLIPPINGS Enclosed are clippings of local and international press on the Special Court and related issues obtained by the Outreach and Public Affairs Office as at: Monday, 12 July 2010 Press clips are produced Monday through Friday. Any omission, comment or suggestion, please contact Martin Royston-Wright Ext 7217 2 Local News RUF Bought Ammunition from Top Liberian Security Personnel / Premier News Page 3 Issa Sesay Implicates Gadaffi / Concord Times Pages 4-5 Naomi Campbell Agrees to Testify / Concord Times Page 6 Guinea’s P[residential Run-off Delayed Over Fraud Claims / The Examiner Page 7 …Taylor Neither Supported Rebels, Nor Receive Diamonds From Them / CharlesTaylorTrial.org Pages 8-12 Supermodel Campbell to Testified On July 29 On Blood Diamond Gift / New Democrat Pages 13-14 Report from The Hague / BBC World Service Trust Page 15 Naomi Campbell Will Appear at War Crimes Trial of Charles Taylor / CNN Page 16 Naomi Campbell Called to Blood Diamond Trial / SOS Children’s Village Page 17 UNMIL Public Information Office Media Summary / UNMIL Pages 18-23 ICC Rejects Call to Halt DRC Militia Chief Trial / Agence France Presse Page 24 U.S. Woman Falsely Accused of Rwanda Genocide Rape Crimes / San Francisco Bay View Pages 25-37 3 Premier News Monday, 12 July 2010 4 Concord Times Monday, 12 July 2010 Issa Sesay Implicates Gadaffi 5 6 Concord Times Monday, 12 July 2010 7 The Examiner Monday, 12 July 2010 8 CharlesTaylorTrial.org (The Hague) Saturday, 10 July 2010 Sierra Leone: RUF Leader Testifies - Says Taylor Neither Supported Rebels, Nor Receive Diamonds From Them Alpha Sesay A former Sierra Leonean rebel leader - released from his jail cell in Rwanda to testify on behalf of Charles Taylor - this week distanced the activities of his rebels from the former Liberian President. -
Press Clippings
SPECIAL COURT FOR SIERRA LEONE OUTREACH AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESS CLIPPINGS Enclosed are clippings of local and international press on the Special Court and related issues obtained by the Outreach and Public Affairs Office as at: Wednesday, 21 September 2011 Press clips are produced Monday through Friday. Any omission, comment or suggestion, please contact Martin Royston-Wright Ext 7217 2 International News Once Upon a Time in West Africa: Second Chance Africa, Part I / Africa.Com Page 3 UN Reinforces Troops Ahead of Polls in Liberia / The Daily Nation Page 4 Judge Convenes STL Trial Chamber / The Daily Star Page 5 Lebanon's Leaders Recognize Need to Fund STL / The Daily Star Pages 6-7 Mikati heads to NY with no deal on STL funding / The Daily Star Pages 8-9 STL Says Legal Aid Available for Suspects if Needed / The Daily Star Page 10 Face-off at ICC as Ocampo Picks New Team / Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Page 11 Rwanda: Mother and Son Genocidaires / Pambazuka News Pages 12-14 Gacaca Judge Denies Ngirabatware Participation in Genocide / Hirondelle News Agency Page 15 Closing Arguments in Youth Minister Trial Scheduled for October / Hirondelle News Agency Page 16 Rwanda: Jallow Reappointed ICTR Prosecutor / The New Times Page 17 UN War Crimes Tribunal Jails Kosovo Witness Who Refused to Testify / United Nations News Page 18 3 Africa.Com Friday, 16 September 2011 Once Upon a Time in West Africa: Second Chance Africa, Part I By Arielle Sklar, Independent Communications Specialist She sharply grabbed my wrists. “Please, help me," she hissed. No one in the crowded New York City Au Bon Pain seemed ruffled by our intense conversation. -
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
Case: 12-2259 Document: 00116815282 Page: 1 Date Filed: 03/25/2015 Entry ID: 5895527 United States Court of Appeals For the First Circuit No. 12-2259 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee, v. PRUDENCE KANTENGWA, a/k/a Prudentienne Kantengwa, Defendant, Appellant. APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS [Hon. Richard G. Stearns, U.S. District Judge] Before Lynch, Chief Judge, Thompson and Barron, Circuit Judges. Judith H. Mizner, Assistant Federal Public Defender, for appellant. Mark T. Quinlivan, Assistant United States Attorney, with whom Carmen M. Ortiz, United States Attorney, was on brief, for appellee. March 25, 2015 Case: 12-2259 Document: 00116815282 Page: 2 Date Filed: 03/25/2015 Entry ID: 5895527 LYNCH, Chief Judge. Prudence Kantengwa, also known as Prudentienne Kantengwa, is a member of a prominent political family allegedly involved in the Rwandan genocide. She appeals her convictions for perjury and obstruction of justice based on false statements she made in connection with her 2004 application for asylum in the United States and subsequent removal proceedings. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 1621(1), 1505. Those false statements concerned (1) her truthfulness on previous immigration documents, in which she had misrepresented her and her late husband's political affiliations and government employment; and (2) the presence of a roadblock outside Hotel Ihuriro (also known as "Hotel Ilhuliro") during her stay there at the start of the genocide. Unlike her sister, Beatrice Munyenyezi, whose case is also decided this day, there is no evidence that Kantengwa participated in the genocide, only that she "socialized and sympathized" with those who did, and then sought to distance herself from it by lying. -
Women Accused of International Crimes: a Trans-Disciplinary Inquiry and Methodology Suzannah Linton
Women Accused of International Crimes: A Trans-Disciplinary Inquiry and Methodology Suzannah Linton Criminal Law Forum The Official Journal of the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law ISSN 1046-8374 Crim Law Forum DOI 10.1007/s10609-016-9280-9 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Criminal Law Forum Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 DOI 10.1007/s10609-016-9280-9 SUZANNAH LINTON* WOMEN ACCUSED OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMES: A TRANS-DISCIPLINARY INQUIRY AND METHODOLOGY ABSTRACT. This paper tackles one of the gender silences in situations of atrocity: women accused of international crimes (‘WAIC’). It is part of a larger body of work that is ongoing. Debate and discussion that shine light into this murky area is essential, for with hundreds of women tried after World War II, some 96,000 females processed in Rwanda through gacaca alone, some 30–40% of the combatants in the Liberian civil war being females and over 25% of reported gang rapes in Sierra Leone alleged to involve female perpetrators, it is hardly an insignificant challenge to peace and security.