DOCSLIB.ORG

Child Parent Relationship Therapy: Hope for Disrupted Attachment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Child Parent Relationship Therapy: Hope for Disrupted Attachment University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2009 Child Parent Relationship Therapy: Hope for Disrupted Attachment Carolyn Carlisle Hacker University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Educational Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Hacker, Carolyn Carlisle, "Child Parent Relationship Therapy: Hope for Disrupted Attachment. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2009. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/604 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Carolyn Carlisle Hacker entitled "Child Parent Relationship Therapy: Hope for Disrupted Attachment." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Educational Psychology. Tricia McClam, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Ralph G. Brockett, Teresa A. Hutchens, Marianne Woodside Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Carolyn Carlisle Hacker entitled “Child Parent Relationship Therapy: Hope for Disrupted Attachment.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Educational Psychology and Counseling. Tricia McClam We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Ralph G. Brockett Teresa A. Hutchens Marianne Woodside Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Child Parent Relationship Therapy: Hope for Disrupted Attachment A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Carolyn Carlisle Hacker December 2009 Copyright © 2009 by Carolyn Carlisle Hacker All rights reserved ii Acknowledgements This dissertation is dedicated with gratitude to God, Jehovah Rafa, the God of healing and the God of second chances. Thank you for many second chances and the opportunity to realize my dream of becoming a professor. This dissertation is also dedicated to my: Husband Joe who has loved me unconditionally, supported me without reservation, and believed in my vision sometimes even more than I did. Son, Dr. Zachary E. Wright Jr.; I love you with all of my heart and I am so proud to be your mom. Mother Patricia Barron Carlisle, and my father, Thomas Wayne Carlisle Sr., who have inspired in me the deep respect for education and the quest for knowledge, ensuring me that anything was possible with hard work, sacrifice, and perseverance. Family and friends; thank you for your support as I have traveled the PhD path. The journey was arduous and the road rocky, and without you, would have been impossible. Dissertation committee; thank you for your continual support and for your willingness to invest in me as a counselor educator. Clients who came to my practice in search of healing; you have been my inspiration and motivation, and you have my undying respect and affection. I am humbled and honored that you chose to share your life with me. Students past, present and future: It is impossible for us to fully understand how the iii work we do will impact the world. Nor can we know how a kind smile, a willing heart, or our ability to truly listen will ease the way for someone who is hurting. It is important to remember that the work we do will send forth ripples in the water, ripples we have no control over and that will extend beyond our influence. So send forth those ripples; with care, with forethought and always with unconditional positive regard and the imprint you leave will be far reaching. May God richly bless the work you do on behalf of His children. Godspeed. iv Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) was an effective method of treatment for reducing behaviors associated with attachment difficulties experienced by foster children who have been removed from their family of origin. This study also sought to determine if the age of the foster child, the gender of the foster child, or the number of foster placements would also influence behaviors associated with attachment difficulties. This study was conducted with a pre-test, post-test, quasi-experimental group, control group design format using the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (RADQ) assessment instrument. The quasi-experimental group received the CPRT intervention and the control group participated in a support group. Results indicated no significant group interaction was found demonstrating that improvement in overall behaviors associated with attachment difficulty did not differ between the two groups. However, both the quasi-experimental group and the control group demonstrated a significant improvement in behaviors associated with attachment difficulty over time. When the two groups were compared using the subscales of the RADQ, the control group demonstrated a significant difference in the social subscale. There were no significant difference between the quasi-experimental and control groups‟ mean scores on the basis of age, however, the subscales of the post-test of the quasi-experimental group indicated an improvement in at least one subscale. There were no significant findings in relation to the total RADQ scores in regard to gender or in relation to the number of foster placements experienced by the child. The implications of these findings are discussed and directions for future research are also presented. v Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Delimitations ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Limitations ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................................................... 14 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Organization of the Study................................................................................................................................... 20 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Filial Therapy .................................................................................................................................................... 22 Filial Therapy In Comparison to Other Parent Training Programs ................................................................................. 25 The Guerney Model ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 The Landreth Model ....................................................................................................................................................... 31 Filial Therapy Literature ................................................................................................................................................. 32 Filial Therapy with Cultural Groups ............................................................................................................................... 36 Summary of Filial Therapy Literature............................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Working with Parents in Child Psychotherapy 209
    t._ 7 Working with Parents in ~ Child Psychotherapy Engaging the Reflective Function* Arietta Slade 7 it Introduction This paper is about working with the parents of children we treat in psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. It is organized around several basic premises. The first is that virtually all child therapists work-in some way or other-with the parents of the children they treat in psychotherapy. As I will describe later, this work takes many forms, such as separate meetings with parents as an ongoing part of the treatment, direct work with the parents instead of work with the child, or inclusion of parents in the therapy sessions themselves. These are but a few of the many permutations that are typically part and parcel of this work, all of which arise in some organic way out of the process of an ongoing treatment. There is certainly no single way * This paper evolved from a presentation originally made to the Canadian Asso­ ciation for Psychoanalytic Child Therapists in association with the Toronto Child Psychoanalytic Program, on September 28, 2002. Revised versions were presented to psychoanalytic institutes in and around the New York metropoli­ tan area, including the Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health, the Westchester Center for the Study of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, and the William Alanson White Institute. I [ would like to thank the many colleagues who helped shape my thinking along the way, particularly Steve Tuber, Arnold Zinman, Phyllis Beren, Mary Target, and Peter Fonagy. \1 1 207 I I I 208 Arietta Slade of approaching this work that will be universally helpful to children and families.
    [Show full text]
  • Secure-Base Caregiving and Adult Attachment Development Within the Client-Psychotherapist Relationship Dennis A
    Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2015 Secure-Base Caregiving and Adult Attachment Development Within the Client-Psychotherapist Relationship Dennis A. Weeks Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Counseling Psychology Commons, and the Developmental Psychology Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Dennis Weeks has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Rodney Ford, Committee Chairperson, Psychology Faculty Dr. Elisabeth Weinbaum, Committee Member, Psychology Faculty Dr. Tracy Masiello, University Reviewer, Psychology Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2015 Abstract Secure-Base Caregiving and Adult Attachment Development Within the Client-Psychotherapist Relationship by Dennis A. Weeks EdS, Tennessee Technological University, 1996 MA, Pepperdine University, 1979 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy General Psychology Walden University May 2015 Abstract Recent studies have shown significant improvements in the attachment security of adult therapy clients during therapy, supporting Bowlby’s theory that such improvement can be influenced by secure-base caregiving provided by mentors such as therapists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stability of Attachment Security from Infancy to Adolescence and Early Adulthood: General Introduction
    Child Development, May /June 2000, Volume 71, Number 3, Pages 678-683 The Stability of Attachment Security from Infancy to Adolescence and Early Adulthood: General Introduction Everett Waters, Claire E. Hamilton, and Nancy S. Weinfield Current attachment theory hypothesizes that attachment security during infancy influences individual differences in adult representations of attachment. We present three long-term longitudinal studies using three different samples relevant to this hypothesis. Each study assesses infant attachment by using the Ainsworth Strange Situation and adult attachment by using the Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Attachment security was significantly stable in the first two studies. Discontinuity in all three studies was related to negative life events and circumstances. Comparison of the results across these complementary studies affords a degree of replication and sheds light on alternative interpretations. Various mechanisms underlying the stability and instability of attachment security are discussed. INTRODUCTION to context and, although available across a wide range The role of early experience in later development is an of situations and across age, its operating characteristics enduring issue in developmental psychology. This issue remain open to revision in light of significant new is of theoretical and clinical interest and, in important experiences (Bowlby, 1969; Waters, Kondo-Ikemura, respects, defines the relation of developmental Posada, & Richters, 1991). Bowlby (1969, 1973) psychology to the social, personality, and clinical hypothesized that early relationship experience with the psychology of adulthood. Developmentalists today primary caregiver leads eventually to generalized generally agree that infants can meaningfully engage, expectations about the self, others, and the world. experience, influence, and represent their environments Cognitive representations of these expectations are (e.g., Mehler & Dupoux, 1993; Sroufe, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Play Therapy with Adult Survivors of Childhood Abuse
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2007 The Use of Play Therapy with Adult Survivors of Childhood Abuse Mary J. Roehrig Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Counseling Psychology Commons, and the Other Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Roehrig, Mary J., "The Use of Play Therapy with Adult Survivors of Childhood Abuse" (2007). Dissertations. 666. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/666 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. Andrews University School of Education THE USE OF PLAY THERAPY WITH ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Mary J. Roehrig April 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3261213 Copyright 2007 by Roehrig, Mary J. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiences of Attachment Therapy
    EXPERIENCES OF ATTACHMENT THERAPY: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF ADOPTIVE MOTHERS by JANE SHOEMAKER WIMMER (Under the Direction of M. Elizabeth Vonk) ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore mothers’ experiences of attachment therapy as related to their current relationships with their adopted children. The therapy cited in this study was family-focused intervention which engaged the child and parents in resolving attachment difficulties. All of the children were adopted from the Georgia public child welfare system and had been diagnosed with Reactive Attachment Disorder, a serious emotional disorder of childhood that is exhibited by lack of bonding of the child to parental figures. The 16 mothers interviewed in this study had participated in state-sponsored attachment therapy and were part of an evaluation of that therapy in 2003. This research study employed a descriptive qualitative design that used in-depth semi- structured interviews, artifacts, and a reflective research journal for data collection. The population was purposefully chosen, and all mothers who were part of the 2003 study participated. Three research questions guided this study: (1) What was the experience of attachment therapy for the participants? (2) How did the participants view their current relationship with their adopted child? (3) What were the participants’ perceptions of the role attachment therapy played in their current level of functioning? Data analysis guided by the constant comparative method revealed eight major findings. The experience of attachment therapy was (1) consistently supportive, (2) emotionally painful, and (3) physically safe. The mothers’ current relationships with their adopted children were (4) continuously stressful and (5) unquestionably permanent.
    [Show full text]
  • 1Ylr!Jijdtal Molly Welch Deal
    Play Therapy Issues and Applications Pertaining Deaf Children: Analysis and Recommendations by Justin Matthew Small A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree III Guidance & Counseling Approved: 2 Semester Credits 1Ylr!jiJDtal Molly Welch Deal The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout July, 2009 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI Author: Small, Justin M. Title: Play Therapy Issues and Applications Pertaining Deaf Children: Analysis and Recommendations Graduate Degree! Major: MS Guidance & Counseling Research Adviser: Molly Welch Deal MonthfYear: July, 2009 Number of Pages: 48 Style Manual Used: American Psychological Association, 5th edition ABSTRACT Play is crucial toward understanding the child since his natural instinct is to play. Though studies have been conducted by various counselors and therapists on the application of their theories and techniques of play therapy, there are limited studies in the effectiveness of play therapy with deaf individuals. The lack of direct communication and the low number of students who are deaf and hard of hearing within the school systems contribute to the high incidences of emotional difficulties among students. The purpose of this study is to fill a gap in research and establish effective play techniques to use with deaf children. This study also aims at critically analyzing the current research to provide recommendations for play therapists, the use of play therapy, and implications for future research. iii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin Stout Menomonie, WI Acknowledgments Kristin this is for you. For all the times I came home and needed to work on this paper to get it completed and you allowed me to do just that.
    [Show full text]
  • The Benefits of Child-Centered Play Therapy and Filial Therapy for Pre-School-Aged Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder and Their Famiies
    Smith ScholarWorks Theses, Dissertations, and Projects 2014 The benefits of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy for pre-school-aged children with reactive attachment disorder and their famiies Andrea S. White Smith College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation White, Andrea S., "The benefits of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy for pre-school-aged children with reactive attachment disorder and their famiies" (2014). Masters Thesis, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/846 This Masters Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Projects by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Andrea White The Benefits of Child-Centered Play Therapy and Filial Therapy for Preschool-Aged Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder and Their Families ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate, from a theoretical perspective, the best treatment approach for preschool-aged children with Reactive Attachment Disorder. The challenges and needs of these children can be extensive, and the search for effective treatment is ongoing. Two specific questions of focus were: How are the theories behind Non-Directive Play Therapy/Child-Centered Play Therapy and Filial Therapy useful in conceptualizing the experience of therapy for a child with attachment disorder? And, how could these treatments be used to benefit children with attachment disorders and their families? The research for this paper involved a literature review of peer-reviewed articles on Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and treatment, original sources describing Attachment Theory, Non-Directive Play Therapy and Filial Therapy, and the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10.
    [Show full text]
  • You and Your Child's Psychotherapy: the Essential Guide for Parents
    You and Your Child’s Psychotherapy You and Your Child’s Psychotherapy The Essential Guide for Parents and Caregivers Michael O. Weiner, LCSW and Les Paul Gallo-Silver, LCSW-R 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Weiner, Michael O. You and your child’s psychotherapy : the essential guide for parents and caregivers / Michael O.
    [Show full text]
  • Filial Therapy with Teachers of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Preschool
    FILIAL THERAPY WITH TEA CHERS OF DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN David Michael Smith, B.A., M.Div. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2002 APPROVED: Garry Landreth, Major Professor Kenneth Sewell, Minor Professor Sue Bratton, Committee Member Janice Holden, Program Coordinator Michael Altedruse, Chair of the Department of Counseling, Development, and Higher Education C. Neal Tate, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Smith, David Michael, Filial Therapy with Teachers of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Preschool Children, Doctor of Philosophy (Counseling, Development, and Higher Education), May 2002, 189 pages, 28 tables, 259 references, 39 titles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Filial Therapy training in increasing teachers of deaf and hard of hearing preschool students’: 1) empathic responsiveness with their students; 2) communication of acceptance to their students; 3) allowance of self- direction by their students. A second purpose was to determine the effectiveness of Filial Therapy training in reducing experimental group students’: 1) overall behavior problems; 2) internalizing behaviors; and 3) externalizing behavior problems. Filial Therapy is a didactic/dynamic modality used by play therapists to train parents and teachers to be therapeutic agents with their children and students. Teachers are taught primary child-centered play therapy skills for use with their own students in weekly play sessions with their students. Teachers learn to create a special environment that enhances and strengthens the teacher-student emotional bond by means of which both teacher and child are assisted in personal growth and change.
    [Show full text]
  • Earned Secure Attachment: Connection
    4/28/2018 What is Attachment Theory? Human beings are born wired for Earned Secure Attachment: connection. At the very beginning of our Helping Clients Rewire their Brains lives, we form attachments to our primary through Creating a Coherent Narrative caretakers as a survival mechanism. with Dr. Lisa Firestone Our attachment pattern forms as a result of the adaptations we made in infancy to get our needs met. Children make the best adaptations they can to their family. April 27 th , 2018 California Psychological Association Annual Conference – La Jolla, CA What is Attachment Theory? Attachment Theory Developmental Created by John Bowlby, a British psychoanalyst, based partly on primate ethology, to explain why “maternal deprivation” leads to anxiety, anger, delinquency, and depression From 1969-1988, he published five books about the theory, including one on psychotherapy. 1 4/28/2018 Attachment Theory and Research Attachment Theory Distilled Bowlby contended that internal working models of attachment help to explain: ▷ Humans, especially young • children, rely on attachment Emotional distress figures for protection, • Personality disturbance support, and emotion • Emotional detachment regulation “Attachment underlies later capacity to make effectual ▷ The attachment behavioral bonds as well as a whole range of adult dysfunctions,” system is an evolved, innate particularly with marital bonds and trouble parenting. regulator of proximity (hence of safety and safe exploration) From “Attachment Theory and Research: Implications for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy” http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-60761-792-1_24#page-1 Attachment Theory Distilled Attachment Theory Distilled ▷ When threats abate, behavioral systems other than attachment (e.g., ▷ Our attachment system is activated when we are distressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Ebook Download Handbook for Treatment of Attachment Problems in Children Pdf Free Download
    HANDBOOK FOR TREATMENT OF ATTACHMENT PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Beverly James | 308 pages | 26 Sep 2008 | SIMON & SCHUSTER | 9781439143001 | English | New York, United States Handbook for Treatment of Attachment Problems in Children PDF Book West, M. Skip to main content. Understanding the Benefits of Marriage and Family Therapy. Crowell, R. Howes C. A typical parent-infant relationship is not always optimal; repairing mismatches or interactive errors is an essential part of the ongoing negotiation within the dyad. This case vignette demonstrates how an accurate diagnosis of childhood BD can provide the information needed for effective medical treatment plans in children with disruptive behavioral disorders with histories of significant abuse, neglect, or maltreatment. Check out the September 8 eNews for more information on how you can be involved! Infant Psychiatry. Studies show that the level of marital happiness is the strongest predictor of overall life satisfaction. They are impatient, critical and argumentative. You will receive the larger discount available for each item. Adult romantic attachment and couple relationships. Ruth marked it as to-read Jan 18, There is no such thing as perfect parents. More Details Consistent, sensitive and loving parenting leads to secure attachment and positive beliefs. There is a direct link between childhood attachment patterns, adult attachment styles, and functioning in intimate and romantic relationships. Toward a Neuroscience of Attachment, James A. The Neurobiology of Attachment…. Often these adults exhibit behaviors that suggest a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder. Fonagy P. They will provide information on contacting a therapist in your area. Dev Psychopathol ; Even before birth, a foundation is laid for the bond between a mother and her infant.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded by [New York University] at 04:58 12 August 2016 Counseling Techniques
    Downloaded by [New York University] at 04:58 12 August 2016 Counseling Techniques The third edition of Counseling Techniques: Improving Relationships with Others, Ourselves, Our Families and Our Environment enhances the author’s previous efforts to provide a comprehensive overview of counseling techniques in a manner that makes these theories accessible to students pursuing mental health professions, counselor educators, and seasoned practitioners alike. New to this edition is a chapter on play therapy and a host of other updates that illustrate ways to use different techniques in different situations with different populations. Counseling Techniques stresses the need to recognize and treat the client within the context of culture, ethnicity, interpersonal resources, and systemic support, and it shows the reader how to meet these needs using more than 500 treatment techniques, each of which is accompanied by step- by-step procedures and evaluation methods. Rosemary A. Thompson, EdD, LPC, NCC, NCSC has over 25 years of experience in public schools as a school counselor and administrator working with children, adolescents, and families. She taught concurrently in the department of counseling and human services at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, and was an associate professor in the school of psychology and counseling at Regent University in Virginia Beach, Virginia. She is currently in private practice with Phoenix Mental Health Services, LLC, in Virginia Beach. Downloaded by [New York University] at 04:58 12 August 2016 Page Intentionally Left Blank Downloaded by [New York University] at 04:58 12 August 2016 Counseling Techniques Improving Relationships with Others, Ourselves, Our Families, and Our Environment Third Edition Rosemary A.
    [Show full text]