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Ácaros Predadores Do Estado De São Paulo, Com Ênfase Em Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), Com Potencial De Uso No Controle De Pragas De Solo

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Ácaros Predadores Do Estado De São Paulo, Com Ênfase Em Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), Com Potencial De Uso No Controle De Pragas De Solo 3 Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Ácaros predadores do Estado de São Paulo, com ênfase em Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), com potencial de uso no controle de pragas de solo Renata Angélica Prado Freire Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Entomologia Piracicaba 2007 5 Renata Angélica Prado Freire Engenheiro Agrônomo Ácaros predadores do Estado de São Paulo, com ênfase em Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), com potencial de uso no controle de pragas de solo Orientador: Prof. Dr. GILBERTO JOSÉ DE MORAES Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Entomologia Piracicaba 2007 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - ESALQ/USP Freire, Renata Angélica Prado Ácaros predadores do Estado de São Paulo, com ênfase em Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), com potencial de uso no controle de pragas de solo / Renata Angélica Prado Freire. - - Piracicaba, 2007. 289 p. : il. Tese (Doutorado) - - Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, 2007. Bibliografia. 1. Ácaros 2. Antrópodes 3. Controle de pragas 4. Fauna edáfica 5. Predação (biologia) 6. Zoologia (classificação) I. Título CDD 631.46 “Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte – O autor” 3 Aos meus pais, Antonio Amaral Freire e Ana Maria Prado Freire por garantirem condições para que eu realizasse meus estudos Ao meu irmão, Sérgio Alexandre Prado Freire, pela eterna amizade Ao meu noivo Lásaro Vanderlei Fernandes da Silva por sua compreensão e companheirismo durante essa etapa de minha vida Aos amigos verdadeiros que sempre estiveram ao meu lado DEDICO 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Gilberto J. de Moraes, pela orientação e valiosas contribuições para minha formação profissional e pessoal. Ao Prof. Dr. Carlos H. W. Flechtmann, que com seu imenso conhecimento muito me auxiliou na elaboração do trabalho, e também pela descontração durante os “cafezinhos”. Ao Sr. Lásaro V. F. Silva, técnico de laboratório, pelo auxílio em coletas, manutenção de material em laboratório e aquisição de literatura. Aos demais professores e funcionários do Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) – Universidade de São Paulo (USP), que em algum momento auxiliaram na elaboração deste trabalho. Ao Dr. Barry M. OConnor, do “Museum of Zoology” - ”University of Michigan”, ao Prof. Dr. Dalton S. Amorim, da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto – USP, à Profa. Dra. Maria C. de Mendonça, do Museu Nacional - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e à Dra. Renata C. M. Cônsoli, pela identificação das pragas utilizadas neste trabalho. Ao Sr. Augusto F. da Eira, produtor de cogumelos da região de Botucatu, por permitir a realização de esperimentos com material proveniente de sua propriedade. À Sra. Cláudia Melo, bibliotecária do Museu de Zoologia – USP e sua equipe, pelo grande auxílio na aquisição de cópias de artigos existentes naquela instituição. Ao Sr. Sílvio Douglas D. Bacheta e à Sra. Vilma Aparecida S. Zeferino, da seção de comutação bibliográfica da Biblioteca Central da ESALQ-USP, pelo auxílio na aquisição de literatura. 5 A todos os pesquisadores, do Brasil e do exterior, que colaboraram com muita boa vontade na aquisição de literatura, enviando suas publicações via correio ou correio eletrônico. À Sra. Eliana M. Garcia e à Sra. Sílvia Zinsly, bibliotecárias do setor de referências da Biblioteca Central da ESALQ-USP, pela imensa boa vontade e correção das referências bibliográficas citadas neste documento. Aos amigos Edmilson S. Silva e Paula C. Lopes, pelo valioso auxílio na condução dos experimentos, na elaboração do trabalho final e também por estarem sempre dispostos a ajudar no que fosse preciso. Aos demais amigos do setor de Zoologia Agrícola da ESALQ-USP, pois o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi muito influenciado por nossas “infindáveis” discussões acarológicas. A todos os meus parentes, avós, tios, primos e amigos, que de alguma forma colaboraram comigo durante o período de desenvolvimento do meu trabalho. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pela concessão de bolsa de estudos. 6 “Cada vez que um ácaro desconhecido chega a mim eu fico eufórico... correndo as chaves, lentamente decidindo o gênero, e então descobrindo que o espécime a minha frente é um ácaro que foi descrito e talvez citado apenas essa vez, em outra parte do mundo... ou um que nunca foi descrito... nada se compara a este sentimento de procurar e encontrar... um tesouro...” Michael Costa 7 SUMÁRIO RESUMO................................................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................... 11 1 INTRODUÇÃO...................................................................................................................... 12 Referências................................................................................................................................. 17 2 IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS ESPÉCIES DE LAELAPIDAE E DOS GÊNEROS DOS DEMAIS MESOSTIGMATA EDÁFICOS COLETADOS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO...................................................................................................................................... 22 Resumo....................................................................................................................................... 22 Abstract...................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1 Introdução............................................................................................................................ 22 2.2 Desenvolvimento................................................................................................................. 23 2.2.1 Revisão Bibliográfica........................................................................................................ 23 2.2.2 Material e Métodos........................................................................................................... 25 2.2.3 Resultados e Discussão..................................................................................................... 26 2.3 Considerações finais............................................................................................................ 60 Referências................................................................................................................................. 61 3 ESPÉCIES DE HYPOASPIDINAE E MELITTIPHINAE (LAELAPIDAE) DE TODO O MUNDO..................................................................................................................................... 65 Resumo....................................................................................................................................... 65 Abstract...................................................................................................................................... 65 3.1 Introdução............................................................................................................................ 65 3.2 Desenvolvimento................................................................................................................. 66 3.2.1 Revisão Bibliográfica........................................................................................................ 66 3.2.2 Material e Métodos........................................................................................................... 66 3.2.3 Resultados e Discussão..................................................................................................... 68 3.3 Considerações finais............................................................................................................ 229 Referências................................................................................................................................. 229 4 BIOLOGIA DOS ÁCAROS PREDADORES Cosmolaelaps sp. n. E Stratiolaelaps scimitus (ACARI: LAELAPIDAE)………………………………………............................... 258 Resumo....................................................................................................................................... 258 Abstract...................................................................................................................................... 258 4.1 Introdução............................................................................................................................ 258 4.2 Desenvolvimento................................................................................................................. 259 4.2.1 Revisão Bibliográfica........................................................................................................ 259 8 4.2.2 Material e Métodos........................................................................................................... 260 4.2.3 Resultados e Discussão..................................................................................................... 261 4.3 Considerações finais............................................................................................................ 265 Referências................................................................................................................................
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