Penn IUR News A PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH PUBLICATION SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

CONVENING CONVENING The Future of the Community Penn Delegation Promotes Financing Reinvestment Act Resilient Cities at COP25

In December 2019, Penn IUR joined a university- wide delegation to COP25, the 25th United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties held in Madrid, Spain. The eight-member delegation, led by the Kleinman Center for Energy Policy (KCEP) at the Stuart Weitzman School of Design, included representatives from KCEP, Penn IUR, Perry World House (PWH), Penn Law, and the Weitzman School. The UNFCCC granted Penn’s delegates COP25 observer status, which provided them with access to the majority of conference sessions. “It was encouraging to swim in a sea of people who are dedicating their livelihoods to addressing climate change,” said Amy Montgomery, Penn IUR Managing Director. “But the presentations, conversations, and

Senator Sherrod Brown (OH) addresses the panelists and guests in attendance at "The Future of the Community negotiations demonstrated the mind-boggling Reinvestment Act," held in Washington, D.C., in October 2019. distance we have to go if we are going to address the enormity of the climate crisis.” On October 29, Penn IUR and Rulemaking (ANPR) seeking (FDIC), and Federal Reserve the Wharton Public Policy comment on proposed changes to Board) have parted ways, a On December 10, the delegation hosted a Initiative held a symposium at CRA rules (see www.regulations. situation that could result in two panel discussion with mayors, policymakers, the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center in gov/document?D=FDIC-2020- sets of regulations, with some and leading scholars from around the world on Washington, D.C., on the Future 0002-0001). Under question banks overseen by agencies how cities can plan and pay for infrastructure of the Community Reinvestment are the impacts of the proposed that did adopt rule changes and that strengthens cities threatened by climate Act (CRA). The convening, changes on the intended others overseen by an agency change. Participants pointed to ways of attended by more than 100 mission of the law: to combat that did not. The symposium, Congressional staffers, industry and discrimination which built on Penn IUR’s leveraging the unique strengths cities have in experts, and policymakers, in mortgage markets. For the previous work on the topic in the fight against climate change: from adopting was timely as the Office of the first time, the three banking partnership with the Federal climate action plans, to building green Comptroller of the Currency regulators responsible for the Reserve Bank of Philadelphia infrastructure, to transitioning to cleaner (OCC) issued on January 9, 2020, law’s enforcement (OCC, Federal and the Federal Reserve Board energy and greener economies. They also an Advance Notice of Proposed Deposit Insurance Corporation (CONTINUED ON P. 18) (CONTINUED ON P. 19)

CONTENTS:

2 UPCOMING EVENTS 7 NEW RELEASE IN C21 SERIES 14 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE 3 FACULTY SPOTLIGHT 8 FACULTY FELLOWS UPDATES AND HEALTH SYMPOSIUM 4 HOUSING POLICY DEBATE 11 MUSA MASTER CLASS 15 REMEMBERING NEAL PEIRCE 5 CITIES AND THE IPCC 12 HOTSPOT CITIES 16 GALSTER BOOK TALK 6 RICHARD FLORIDA ON CITIES 13 H+U+D PROGRAM UPDATE 2 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 Upcoming Events VISIT PENNIUR.UPENN.EDU/EVENTS FOR DETAILS AND TO REGISTER.

JANUARY 30, 2020 JANUARY 31, 2020 MARCH 5, 2020 BUILDING A HYPERCONNECTED CITY SECOND ANNUAL JEREMY NOWAK COMMUNITY WEALTH BUILDING: WORLD FORUM, PERRY WORLD HOUSE MEMORIAL LECTURE: CAN THE AN EQUALITY AGENDA 8:30 A.M. – 12:30 P.M. NEW LOCALISM ADVANCE SHARED KLEINMAN FORUM, FISHER FINE ARTS PROSPERITY? LIBRARY, 4TH FLOOR Penn IUR and Econsult Solutions, Inc. (ESI) are KLEINMAN FORUM, FISHER FINE ARTS 1:00 P.M. – 2:00 P.M. hosting an interactive discussion on findings LIBRARY, 4TH FLOOR from a year-long global assessment of smart city Penn IUR is hosting a special lecture by Marc 12:00 P.M. – 2:00 P.M. solutions. Presenters and panelists will explore Morial, President, National Urban League, on how cities can go beyond current smart solutions Penn IUR and the Reinvestment Fund are hosting building wealth in minority communities. A Penn to become "hyperconnected" hubs generating large the second annual Jeremy Nowak Memorial graduate (C’80), Morial served as a Louisiana economic, social, and environmental benefits by Lecture, a series which aims to highlight Nowak’s State Senator from 1992 to 1994 and as Mayor linking key elements of their urban landscape—from enduring work to integrate public, private, and of New Orleans from 1994 to 2002, during which transportation to public health and security—to non-profit expertise to achieve collective urban time he oversaw reductions in crime rates and government to business and residents. This half-day prosperity, giving students and professionals the reinvestment in historic neighborhoods. Through program will feature presentations by Dr. Richard opportunity to hear from experts on topics that his “Empowerment Agenda,” Morial has worked Voith, President and Principal, ESI, and Dr. Daniel manifest the connections between the academic to reenergize the National Urban League’s diverse Miles, Vice President and Associate Principal, ESI. and the applied aspects of urban development. constituencies, building on the strength of its 110- Following the presentations, Eugénie L. Birch, Speakers will include Anne Fadullon, Director, year legacy to increase its profile both locally and Co-Director, Penn IUR, will moderate a discussion Department of Planning and Development, City nationally. He serves the League’s 90 affiliates with William Baver, Vice President Smart World of Philadelphia; Ira Goldstein, President of Policy in 300 communities across the United States Team, NTT Data; Martin O’Malley, Former Mayor Solutions, Reinvestment Fund; Bruce Katz, Co- to elevate the standard of living in historically of the City of Baltimore and Former Governor of Founder and Director, Nowak Metro Finance Lab; underserved urban communities. Maryland; Piyush Pandey, Managing Director, Cyber Brian Murray, Co-Founder and Principal, Shift Risk Services, Deloitte; and Joseph Viscuso, Senior Capital; and Rob Stephany, Director, Community Vice President and Director of Strategic Growth, and Economic Development, Heinz Endowments. Pennoni. This event celebrates Penn’s “Year of Data.” Lunch will be provided.

Urban Link The Urban Link e-newsletter is a monthly online publication featuring expert commentary and scholarship from Penn IUR Faculty Fellows and other affiliates. To bring Penn IUR's latest initiatives, publications, and events to your inbox, visit www.penniur.upenn.edu and add your email address to subscribe. SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 3 Faculty Spotlight: Eugenia South

EUGENIA (GINA) SOUTH is Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. Her research focuses on how neighborhood context affects health and safety in urban environments, with a particular interest in urban nature. Her studies evaluating the impact of vacant lot greening on violent crime, perceptions of safety, physiologic stress, and mental health have been published in JAMA Network Open, PNAS, and AJPH, and have been featured in national and international media outlets including NPR, NBC News, TIME, and the Philadelphia Inquirer. Dr. South received her MD from Washington University School of Medicine in 2008 and her MSHP from the University of Pennsylvania in 2012, during which time she was also a Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholar.

YOU HAVE A MEDICAL DEGREE FROM nothing to address what caused him to be recreate) have a profound impact on our WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. WHAT DREW shot in the first place. Taking care of this boy health—even more, I would say, than the YOU TO MEDICINE? DID YOU ALWAYS crystalized for me that I wanted to use my individual biological and genetic factors that WANT TO PRACTICE MEDICINE? career to address the upstream, root causes may predispose us to disease. I have taken of poor health. this broad concept and focused in particular I am the first physician in my family. I knew on the physical environment around where when I took high school biology that I was YOU BECAME A ROBERT WOOD we live. fascinated by the body and how it works. I JOHNSON CLINICAL SCHOLAR AT was fortunate to have people around me PENN AFTER EARNING YOUR MEDICAL I focus a lot on blighted spaces, like vacant lots who recognized that interest and pointed DEGREE. TELL US HOW YOU MADE THAT and abandoned buildings: places and spaces that me in the direction of medicine. My parents DECISION AND HOW IT INFORMED YOUR have fallen into disrepair, that are full of trash, actually asked their primary care physician if FUTURE WORK? overgrown with unwanted vegetation, and that I could shadow him, so I was able to shadow may harbor unsafe activities—we'll often find a physician when I was young. He gave me Taking care of individual patients is very condoms or needles and we think that people a job as a medical assistant in high school important, and I still do that in the emergency probably hide weapons in these spaces. These and early college, which gave me further department, but I wanted to have a broader, uncared-for spaces become nodes of poor exposure. I loved it. I loved thinking about population-level impact. The Robert Wood health. In a city like Philadelphia, these spaces the biology and I loved interacting with Johnson Clinical Scholars Program (RWJ), are pretty ubiquitous and especially common people and helping people feel better. which is now called the National Clinician in low-resource and minority neighborhoods. Scholars Program, is an amazing training These spaces are the result of a complicated YOUR PATH-BREAKING WORK IS program: it trains physicians and nurses to web of structural economic and political forces, ABOUT HOW NEIGHBORHOOD apply their clinical knowledge to population- and impact the most vulnerable among us. CONTEXT AFFECTS SAFETY AND level research questions. I came to Penn in HEALTH, PARTICULARLY MENTAL 2010 for that program and was paired with I've been involved in designing and testing HEALTH. HOW DID YOU BECOME Dr. Charlie Branas as my mentor; that was several different interventions to find low-cost INTERESTED IN THIS TOPIC? when I had the opportunity to turn a growing ways to transform these spaces from unhealthy passion into a research question and project. to healthy. I’ve looked, for example, at how I can remember a specific point in time when greening vacant urban lots—turning blighted I started down this path. I was a resident on YOU INVESTIGATE THE WAYS IN spaces into green spaces—affects the health the pediatric trauma service in St. Louis when WHICH THE PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES of neighborhood residents. My first project as an 11-year-old boy came into the emergency OF WHERE PEOPLE LIVE, WORK, an RWJ Clinical Scholar was a pilot randomized department. I remember going through the AND PLAY INFLUENCE CHRONIC controlled trial of vacant lot greening. Under protocol for trauma patients: checking his STRESS, CARDIOVASCULAR AND the mentorship of Dr. Branas, I worked closely airway, his breathing, his circulation, and MENTAL HEALTH, AND VIOLENT with the Pennsylvania Horticulture Society finally checking for disability. We discovered CRIME. RECENTLY, YOU’VE FOCUSED (PHS) to study their LandCare model of that he couldn’t move his legs. He had IN PARTICULAR ON HOW NATURE greening. We found that people living near been shot through his spinal cord and was AFFECTS PHYSICAL AND MENTAL the greened vacant lots reported feeling safer rendered paralyzed. An 11-year-old boy HEALTH; YOUR WORK IN THIS AREA after greening compared to the control site sleeping on his couch at home, shot by a HAS RECEIVED WIDESPREAD MEDIA (see “Greening Vacant Lots to Reduce Violent stray bullet. ATTENTION. CAN YOU TELL US A BIT Crime: A Randomised Controlled Trial” in Injury ABOUT THIS RESEARCH? Prevention 2013; 19 (3)). We did an excellent job caring for his physical injuries, and even addressing the The fundamental idea that underpins all of In a separate study, we used GPS-enabled profound impact this shooting had on his my work is that the places where we spend heart rate monitors to see how people reacted mental health, and his family. But we did time (the places we live, play, pray, and (CONTINUED ON P. 17) 4 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

PUBLICATION Housing Policy Debate on the Community Reinvestment Act

A special volume of Housing Policy Debate, co- 7 edited by Lei Ding, Senior Economic Advisor formm Community Development, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, and Penn IUR Co-Director Susan Wachter, considers the impact and efficacy of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Volume 30 Number 1 January 2020 ISSN 1051-1482 and new regulatory approaches to overcome discrimination in mortgage markets. Published Housing Policy Debate Housing in January 2020, the articles in the special issue, listed below and available on the Penn IUR Policy website, were presented at a symposium jointly Debate convened by the Philadelphia Fed and Penn IUR Housing on February 1, 2019.

Volume 30 Number 1 January 2020 Introduction: “The Past, Present, and Future of the Community Reinvestment Act” SPECIAL ISSUE: The Past, Present, and Future of the Community Reinvestment Act Susan Wachter & Lei Ding Policy GUEST EDITORS: Lei Ding and Susan M. Wachter “Who Lends Beyond the Red Line? The Debate Community Reinvestment Act and the Contents Legacy of Redlining” Kevin A. Park & Roberto G. Quercia Guest Editors’ Introduction The Past, Present, and Future of the Community Reinvestment Act Susan Wachter and Lei Ding “The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) and Bank Branching Patterns” Articles Who Lends Beyond the Red Line? The Community Reinvestment Act and Leithe LegacyDing & of Carolina Redlining K. Reid Kevin A. Park and Roberto G. Quercia The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) and Bank Branching Patterns “Is the Community Reinvestment Act Still Lei Ding and Carolina K. Reid Relevant to Mortgage Lending?” Is the Community Reinvestment Act Still Relevant to Mortgage Lending? Paul Calem, Lauren Lambie-Hanson & Susan Paul Calem, Lauren Lambie-Hanson and Susan Wachter Wachter Quantitative Performance Metrics for the Community Reinvestment Act: How Much Reinvestment Is Enough? “Quantitative Performance Metrics for the Carolina K. Reid Community Reinvestment Act: How Much The Community Reinvestment Act: What Do We Know, and What Do We Need to Know? Reinvestment Is Enough?” Laurie Goodman, Jun Zhu and John Walsh Carolina K. Reid Commentaries

Updating the Community Reinvestment Act Geography: It’s Not Just About Assessment Areas Volume 30 Number 1 January 2020 “The Community Reinvestment Act: Mark Willis What Do We Know, and What Do We The Community Reinvestment Act at 40: Why Is It Still Necessary to Lean on Banks? Lawrence J. White Need to Know?” Concluding Observations on Community Reinvestment Act Reform Laurie Goodman, Jun Zhu & John Walsh Michael S. Barr “Updating the Community Reinvestment Act Geography: It’s Not Just About SPECIAL ISSUE Reinvestment Act Assessment Areas” Mark Willis Lei Ding and The Past, Present,GUEST and Future EDITORS of the Community Susan M. Wachter “The Community Reinvestment Act at 40: Why Is It Still Necessary to Lean on Banks?” Lawrence J. White

“Concluding Observations on Community Thomas W. Sanchez, Editor Reinvestment Act Reform” Michael S. Barr

RHPD_A_COVER_30_01.indd 1 12/13/2019 4:36:35 PM SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 5

CONVENING Penn IUR Partners with Perry World House to Examine the Intersection of Cities and Climate Change Perry World House and Penn IUR hosted a concerns due to their responsibility for residents’ Warner stressed the power of this moment conversation on October 2 titled “Cities and day-to-day well-being—can be powerful actors in history, urging students to make concrete the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in this regard. To mayors and to cities, the additions to the body of knowledge on which (IPCC).” Panelists included Mauricio Rodas, consequences of climate change are already decision-makers rely. “Find out what questions Former Mayor, Quito, Ecuador; Seth Schultz, underway and must be addressed immediately. are being asked and fill those knowledge gaps.” CEO, Urban Breakthrough; and Koko Warner, Manager, Impacts, Vulnerability, and Risks, Contrasting city governments with the slow- Toward the end of the hour-long conversation, United Nations Framework Convention on moving IPCC, Schultz noted that they are much participants answered questions and, with Climate Change (UNFCCC), who discussed the more agile, able to take action without the Birch’s prompting, addressed students directly latest reports by the IPCC, focusing in particular formalities and the need for consensus that by calling for bold and practical action. on tangible actions cities can take to address burden other international entities. Cities are, “Be demanding,” said Schultz. “Be disruptive.” climate change. Penn IUR Co-Chair Eugénie he pointed out, some of the few organizational Birch served as moderator. actors in the world open to sharing information “If you have an academic career, be strategic, and freely, a step essential to building practical publish. If you have a career ahead of you where Rodas underlined the importance of urban knowledge in support of concrete, informed you’re acting, then also be strategic, and build issues in addressing climate change, noting cities action. “There is no viable solution to tackling alliances,” said Warner. generate more than 70 percent of the world’s climate change without cities at the center,” said CO2 emissions and, every week, more than 3 Schultz, who, along with Warner, is a lead author “Get yourself involved in climate action, especially million people worldwide move to metropolitan of IPCC reports. “More than just the numbers, at the city level,” said Rodas. “Everything has to areas. “Without the action of cities, countries it’s based on their ability to move information do with this cause.” will not be able to meet their obligations under and share ideas freely.” the Paris Agreement,” he said. To watch a video of the discussion, visit www. Emphasizing the need for practical action, penniur.upenn.edu/events/cities-and-the-ippc. Panelists agreed that practical action is urgently Warner urged students to embrace their roles needed, and that cities—naturally driven by such in contributing to the fight for climate justice.

Panelists at the event "Cities and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)," from left to right: Eugénie Birch, Seth Schultz, Koko Warner, and Mauricio Rodas. 6 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

CONVENING Richard Florida Speaks on the Evolution of Cities

On October 18, Penn IUR hosted a talk by Penn IUR Scholar Richard Florida, Director, Martin Prosperity Institute, University of Toronto Rotman School of Management, in which he described how his thinking about cities has changed and evolved over the past 50 years. In his talk, Florida described the inspiration for his landmark book, The Rise of the Creative Class, as well as his most recent book, The New Urban Crisis, and drew on findings from his recent report, “Philadelphia's Next Challenge: From Urban Revitalization to Inclusive Prosperity.” This report, the culmination of a year’s work as the inaugural Philadelphia Fellow—a joint initiative of the Science Center, Thomas Jefferson University, and Drexel University—examines Philadelphia’s growing unaffordability and polarization and recommends strategies to achieve more inclusive growth.

Florida described his experience growing up in Newark, , in the 1950s and the Newark suburb North Arlington in the 1960s, noting the impression that the 1967 Newark riots made on him. While attending Rutgers University in the late 1970s, he took an urban geography class taught by Robert Lake that enthralled him—and launched his career as an urbanist. Many years later, while a professor at Carnegie Mellon in Pittsburgh in the late 1980s, he began to interrogate the state of de- industrialized cities like Pittsburgh, asking why they weren’t able to retain the young, college-educated, knowledge-workers that businesses wanted to hire.

This line of questioning led to the 2002 book for which he became widely known: The Rise of Richard Florida speaks to guests in attendance at his special lecture, " From the Creative Class to the New Urban Crisis." the Creative Class. The book, both heralded and decried for its stance on urban gentrification in the book examines. He explained that city residents he stated, will be to bridge its increasingly divided early 21st century, changed the way people thought have sorted themselves by race, income, and spaces and extend opportunities so the city’s about cities. In it, Florida identified a new class of occupation, which corresponds to a shift in urban prosperous neighborhoods reflect the diversity of workers, the “creative class,” which was drawn to demographics more broadly; neighborhoods that its residents. He added that universities like Penn cities and their amenities. Developing those urban were once bastions of affordability have seen the play an important role in promoting inclusion by, amenities, he argued at the time, would attract percentage of middle-class residents drop from 75 for example, ensuring that growth near campuses members of the creative class and in the process to as low as 25. occurs in an equitable way. lead to urban revitalization. In part because of this strategy, many cities did revitalize—but, as Florida’s Florida spent the past year studying Philadelphia’s After his talk, Florida took questions from the recent work describes, not everyone benefited from experience of this new urban crisis and developing audience of community members, students, that revitalization. The growing lack of affordability recommendations for addressing it. He stressed faculty, and others. To watch a video of Florida’s and inequality in cities is the subject of Florida’s that Philadelphia, while relatively affordable (in talk, visit www.penniur.upenn.edu/events/ most recent book, The New Urban Crisis. contrast to places like New York, San Francisco, richard-florida-from-the-creative-class-to-the- Boston, and Seattle, which Florida dubs “superstar new-urban-crisis. To read Florida’s report on “The most ‘successful’ places have the highest cities”), must nonetheless prioritize policies of Philadelphia, visit www.drexel.edu/lindyinstitute/ rate of segregation and spatial separation,” said inclusion and equity if all its residents are to thrive. initiatives/philadelphia-fellowship/. Florida, describing the phenomena his latest Philadelphia’s challenge for the immediate future, SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 7

PUBLICATION New Release in C21 Series

The latest book in the Penn Press series The City in the 21st Century The book derives its title from a current mode of resolving agrarian- (C21), edited by Penn IUR Co-Directors Eugénie Birch and Susan Wachter, urban conflicts in which agrarian landowners are being transformed is Shareholder Cities: Land Transformations Along Urban Corridors in into shareholders in the corridor cities, as well as the distributional India (October 2019) by Penn IUR Scholar Sai Balakrishnan, Assistant implications of these new land transformations. Shareholder Cities Professor of Urban Planning, Harvard University. In it, she explores the highlights the possibilities for a democratic politics of inclusion in which economic effects of highway development in the Mumbai-Pune area. agrarian-urban encounters can create opportunities for previously excluded groups. Economic corridors are infrastructure development projects that connect metropolises via high-speed superhighways, which are now reshaping the To read an excerpt of Shareholder Cities published in the December real estate markets of India. These transformations are also unsettling 2019 issue of Urban Link, Penn IUR’s monthly e-newsletter, visit www. the traditional politics and power dynamics of the regions along these penniur.upenn.edu/publications/shareholder-cities. To buy Shareholder new corridors. Balakrishnan shows that India's most decisive conflicts Cities and view the full list of titles in the C21 series, visit www.upenn. over its urban future are unfolding in these corridor regions, where edu/pennpress/series/C21.html. The C21 series explores the depth electorally strong agrarian propertied classes encounter financially and breadth of contemporary urban scholarship across a wide range of powerful incoming urban real estate investor firms. In Shareholder Cities, disciplines and represents a cross-section of research and experience on Balakrishnan focuses on the first economic corridor, the Mumbai-Pune the city across the developed and developing world. Expressway, and the construction of three new cities along it.

The City in the 21st Century Published by the University of Pennsylvania Press and edited by Eugénie Birch and Susan Wachter, The City in the 21st Century is an interdisciplinary series of books addressing both topical and long- range issues confronting the world’s cities, from disaster response to cultural coexistence, from civic engagement to urban revitalization.

Recent titles include Shareholder Cities: Land Transformations Along Urban Corridors in India, by Sai Balakrishnan; Iconic Planned Communities and the Challenge of Change, edited by Mary Corbin Sies, Isabelle Gournay, and Robert Freestone; Transforming the Urban University: Northeastern, 1996- 2006, by Richard M. Freeland; and Smarter Growth: Activism and Environmental Policy in Metropolitan Washington by John H. Spiers.

Visit www.upenn.edu/pennpress/series/C21.html for a full list of books in the series. 8 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 Penn IUR Faculty Fellows News & Awards

BARNETT WRITES NEW BOOK DURANTON SPEAKS AT CONFERENCE Jonathan Barnett, Professor Emeritus of Practice, Gilles Duranton, Dean’s Chair in Real Estate, The Wharton Department of City and Regional Planning, Weitzman School, joined Larry Summers, Charles W. Eliot University School of Design, will have his most recent book, Designing Professor and President Emeritus, Harvard University, and the Megaregion: Meeting Urban Challenges at a New Scale, David Neumark, Distinguished Professor of Economics and published by Island Press. Available in March, the book argues Director, Economic Self-Sufficiency Policy Research Institute, that planning megaregions requires ecological literacy and University of California-Irvine, on the closing panel of the a renewed commitment to social equity in order to address Federal Reserve Bank of Boston’s conference “A House the increasing pressure this growth puts on natural, built, Divided: Geographic Disparities in Twenty-First Century and human resources. Dean Frederick R. Steiner, Weitzman America” on October 4. The panelists discussed the question: School of Design, wrote the book's foreword. In November Has the time for place-based policies finally arrived? 2019, Barnett also delivered a series of lectures on adapting to climate change at Southeast University in Nanjing—where he is a guest professor—and also gave keynote addresses at GUERRA RECEIVES LILP GRANT conferences in Nanjing and Tianjin. Erick Guerra, Associate Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, Weitzman School of Design, published recent articles on crash risk, exposure, and the built environment BEHRMAN PUBLISHES WIDELY (Accident Analysis and Prevention), compact cities and economic Jere Behrman, WR Kenan Jr Professor of Economics & productivity in Mexico (Urban Studies), and bus rapid transit in Sociology, The Ronald O. Perelman Center for Political Solo, Indonesia (Case Studies on Transport Policy.) He also won Science and Economics, co-authored eight recent a research grant from the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (LILP) publications in journals including The World Bank Economic to study how land regulations shape urban spatial structure, Review, Population Research and Policy Review, Food and transportation infrastructure, and greenhouse gas emissions Nutrition Bulletin, British Medical Journal Global Health, The with Paavo Monkkonen (UCLA) and Jorge Montejano Escamilla Journal of Development Studies, Maternal & Child Nutrition, (Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Información Geoespacial). Vaccine, and Economics & Human Biology.

HARKAVY LECTURES INTERNATIONALLY BIRCH CONTINUES WORK ON Ian Harkavy, Associate Vice President and Founding SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT Director, Barbara and Edward Netter Center for Community In June, Eugénie Birch, Lawrence C. Nussdorf Professor of Partnerships, addressed the Permanent Council of the Urban Research, Weitzman School of Design and Penn IUR Organization of American States in Washington, D.C., in Co-Director, delivered “Public Space and Urban Health,” at the December; gave two talks at the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, (one at the book launch for his co-edited volume, The Local in Washington, D.C. She participated in the annual meeting Mission of Higher Education and the other on the Irish and of the World Economic Forum’s Future Council on Cities and U.S. civic and community engagement experiences); gave a Urbanization in Dubai in November. With Penn IUR and Perry welcome address at the 10th Anniversary Conference of the World House Visiting Fellow Mauricio Rodas, former Mayor Anchor Institutions Task Force; and delivered two lectures in of Quito, Ecuador, she initiated the City Climate-Resilient September at the University of Notre Dame. Harkavy recently Infrastructure Finance Initiative (C2IFI), an effort focusing contributed a chapter to the book Emerging Perspectives on key investments in cities in low- and moderate-income on Community Schools and the Engaged University and countries, presenting it at the annual leadership meeting of co-authored two articles (for University World News and the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), Transform: The Journal of Engaged Scholarship). UNFCC, World Bank, and elsewhere. In November, she led the General Assembly of Partners (GAP) Town Meeting on Sustainable Urban Development at the World Assembly of LANDIS MODELS MEGAREGION Local and Regional Governments, in Durban, South Africa. John Landis, Crossways Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, Weitzman School of Design, is finishing multiple, long-running projects. Together with several cohorts of MCP students, and with funding from Penn’s Center for Collaborative Mobility for Competitive Megaregions (CM2), Landis is completing the Northeast Megaregion Travel Demand SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 9

and Investment (NEMR TD&I) Model, the first large-scale on the conservation of memorials to the Rwandan genocide, transportation forecasting and evaluation model capable of supported by the State Department’s Ambassadors’ Fund looking at both goods movement and urban travel behavior for Cultural Preservation. A journal article reporting on this at the multi-metropolitan scale. A second set of research work—“Conserving Rwandan Genocide Memorials”—won a projects, undertaken with PhD students in the Graduate “best article” award from the journal APT Bulletin. Group in City and Regional Planning, has resulted in a series of six working papers comparing state and metropolitan equity outcomes in the realms of racial segregation, NEUKRUG LEADS TWO NEW STUDIES affordable housing production, transportation accessibility Howard Neukrug, Professor of Practice, Department of Earth and mobility, concentrated urban poverty, and public health and Environmental Science, School of Arts and Sciences (available at www.design.upenn.edu/penn-planning-equity- and Executive Director, Water Center at Penn (WCP), is the initiative/projects). Finally, Landis is completing two books: principal investigator for two key studies on urban water Gamechangers: 30 Stories of How Urban Entrepreneurs Are issues. “Accelerating Transformational Change in Pittsburgh’s Revitalizing Global Cities; and Megaprojects for Megaregions: Three Rivers,” funded by the Heinz Endowment, analyzes How Megaprojects Can Enhance the Economic Prosperity and the state of Pittsburgh’s regional water to understand Quality of Life in the World’s Most Dynamic Urban Centers. the priorities and drivers of key water stakeholders and designs and implements a long-term watershed stakeholder engagement process to generate public will for integrated LUM PUBLISHES TWO BOOKS water resource management (IWRM). A second project, Kenneth Lum, Marilyn Jordan Taylor Presidential Professor and funded by the Heinz Endowment in collaboration with the Chair, Department of Fine Arts, Weitzman School of Design, Majors Innovation Project (MIP), focuses on sustainable water has two new books: Monument Lab: Creative Speculations systems in the industrial Monongahela Valley. for Philadelphia, which was co-edited with Paul M. Farber and published in November 2019 by Temple University Press, and Everything is Relevant: Writings on Art and Life, which will be PERNA PUBLISHES RESEARCH published in February 2020 by Concordia University Press. Laura Perna, GSE Centennial Presidential Professor of In addition, he won the Gershon Iskowitz Prize at the Art Education and Executive Director of the Alliance for Higher Gallery of Ontario (AGO), received (with Paul Farber) a Knight Education and Democracy (AHEAD), is co-editor (with Foundation Award, and became a Governor General of Canada Edward Smith) of a new volume of research, Improving Visual Arts Laureate. He is engaged in artistic projects and Research-Based Knowledge of College Promise Programs, speaking engagements worldwide. published in December 2019 by the American Educational Research Association.

MACDONALD CO-AUTHORS 6 PAPERS John MacDonald, Professor, Criminology and Sociology, School TOMLIN PRESENTS KEYNOTE of Arts and Sciences, and Penny and Robert A. Fox Faculty Dana Tomlin, Professor of Landscape Architecture, Weitzman Director of the Fels Institute of Government, has co-authored School of Design, recently presented a keynote address at the six recent papers: a forthcoming paper in Annual Review inaugural Latin American GIS Conference in Merida, Mexico, of Criminology that reviews the literature on gentrification where he was also received an achievement award for his and crime; a paper on property tax delinquency and nudge work in geospatial information technology. strategies in Philadelphia in National Tax Journal that changed the way the city messages delinquent tax notifications; two papers on the impact of closing schools in Philadelphia on WACHTER SPEAKS ON THE CRA crime and academic and behavioral outcomes, in Regional Susan Wachter, Sussman Professor of Real Estate and Science and Urban Economics and the Economics of Education Professor of Finance, The Wharton School, and Co-Director, Review; and two papers examining stop, question, and frisk Penn IUR, spoke at a recent convening at the Capitol Building (SQF) practices by the NYPD and the impact of policy changes and at a Congressional Briefing on the CRA; alsoHousing Policy on racial disparities in SQF outcomes. Debate recently published a special issue on this co-edited with Lei Ding, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. (For the full list of papers as well as information on the October symposium MASON PUBLISHES TWO BOOKS on the future of the CRA, see pages 1 and 4.) Additionally, Randall Mason, Associate Professor, Department of City and in October Wachter presented at the Fall 2019 Institute Regional Planning/Graduate Program in Historic Preservation, Conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Weitzman School of Design, recently published two books based on “Expanding and Diversifying Housing: Approaches and on long-term collaborations: Giving Preservation A History: Impacts on Opportunity” and, at the 14th meeting of the Urban Histories of Historic Preservation in the U.S. (Second Edition, Economics Association, the paper “Local Land Use Regulation Routledge), with Max Page; and Values in Heritage Management: and Housing Prices: How Relative Restrictiveness and Income Emerging Approaches and Research Directions (Getty), with Matter,” co-authored with Desen Lin. Wachter was also quoted Erica Avrami, Susan Macdonald, and David Myers. At the end of in national media outlets including The New York Times, NPR, 2019, Mason completed a fourth year directing field-based work Marketplace, The Wall Street Journal, and others. 10 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

City Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Financing Initiative (C2IFI)

The City Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Financing Initiative (C2IFI) is a new initiative of the Penn Institute for Urban Research, Perry World House, and the Kleinman Center for Energy Policy created to enable mayors to build inclusive and prosperous cities by locking in climate-resilient infrastructure investments that yield economic, social, and environmental benefits for the coming decades. In so doing, cities will contribute to the achievement of their nations’ nationally determined contributions and the Paris Agreement.

C2IFI is building an open source knowledge-sharing platform that will enable mayors, city officials, and municipal stakeholders to:

• Understand the current landscape of climate-resilient infrastructure finance for cities: the players, finance instruments, and funding models;

• Explore and evaluate best practices, innovation case studies, and other research in climate-resilient infrastructure finance;

• Access the full range of financing opportunities.

C2IFI will also be developing a series of briefs with policy recommendations and strategies to enhance climate- resilient infrastructure financing at the city level. For more information, visit www.c2ifi.wordpress.com. SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 11

CONVENING MUSA Master Class Featuring Tyler Morgan-Wall On November 15, Tyler Morgan-Wall (SAS’09) led a workshop on the rayshader package, an open- source mapping tool he authored to create 2D and 3D data visualizations in the programming language R. The event, sponsored by the Master of Spatial Analytics (MUSA) program and Penn IUR, was the fall component for the semi-annual MUSA Master Class series, which brings together data scientists worldwide to learn from expert practitioners in data analytics.

Participants joined the workshop at the Weitzman School of Design and through a live webcast. After a brief introduction by MUSA Director Ken Steif, Morgan-Wall explained that rayshader gives users a high degree of control and flexibility in map design, allowing them to create graphics directly from elevation data. Morgan-Wall said the tool improves data scientists’ ability to create realistic hill-shaded elevations, which are critical to a map’s legibility and power to communicate.

Emphasizing the value of compelling graphics, Morgan-Wall pointed out that simply convincing experts is not sufficient for realizing public policy goals: the public also needs to understand the data and, for that, clear and cogent visualizations are essential. “Science and policy analysis that engages the public,” he said, “is infinitely more valuable than science and policy analysis that only engages people in your field.”

After reviewing the fundamentals of 3D mapping in rayshader, Morgan-Wall explained how to generate hill shading, demonstrating the use of variables such as time of day, time of year, and geographic context; he noted, also, how the tool detects and illustrates bodies of water. He then showed how the package renders depth over time to allow mapmakers to depict changes in water levels and other dynamic data.

Morgan-Wall then walked participants through examples of data visualizations. Using Miami Beach as a model, he showed students how to plot climate data and illustrate rising sea levels. Using Philadelphia as a model, he demonstrated how to predict sunlight reduction from the hypothetical addition of a skyscraper in the University City neighborhood.

Following his talk and demonstration, Morgan-Wall encouraged participants to replicate his analyses using open-source data he posted on GitHub, an online repository of code that facilitates collaborative software development. Participants’ work can be seen on social media using the hashtag #MUSAMasterClass. To see a video of the workshop, visit ht tps://penniur. upenn.edu/events/musamasterclass-featuring-tyler- Top, middle: Tyler Morgan-Wall addresses guests in attendance at the fall 2019 MUSA Master Class. Bottom: An image of Morgan-Wall's theoretical exercise documenting altered sun patterns on the University of Pennsylvania morgan-wall-3d-mapping-dataviz-in-r. campus with the addition of a skyscraper in Penn Park. 12 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

CONVENING Richard Weller on Hotspot Cities On October 23, Penn IUR Faculty Fellow Richard Weller, Meyerson Chair of Urbanism, Professor and Chair, Department of Landscape Architecture, and Co-Executive Director, The Ian L. McHarg Center for Urbanism and Ecology, Weitzman School of Design, presented a special lecture on “hotspot cities,” global flashpoints caught between urban development and unique areas of biodiversity. Weller’s research into hotspot cities forms the core of his “Atlas for the End of the World,” an online project showing where biodiversity is under threat from metropolitan growth worldwide.

Coming almost 450 years after the world’s first atlas, Weller’s project audits the status of land use and urbanization in the most critically endangered bioregions on Earth. The Atlas does so, first, by measuring the quantity of protected area across the world’s 36 biodiversity hotspots in comparison to the United Nations’ 2020 targets under the 2011-2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity; and second, by identifying where future urban growth in these territories is on a collision course with endangered species. The Atlas serves as an important resource for implementation of global agreements, especially Agenda 2030’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15, which calls for the halt of biodiversity loss.

The Atlas, said Weller, allows leaders to view “climate change, biodiversity, and urbanization as interrelated phenomena.” By putting these phenomena into the same frame of reference, the Atlas enables the 142 nations that preside over the world’s biodiversity hotspots to better plan for the future.

In his lecture, Weller reflected on the approaching deadline for the UN’s 2020 biodiversity targets. He described the tension between the need to sequester carbon emissions and the need to support a global population expected to reach 10 billion within the century. “There’s nowhere left to grow,” he said. Weller also highlighted the complexity of developing a comprehensive understanding of Earth systems, noting that “if you need to change a planetary system, you almost need to understand every molecule.” As climate science grows more nuanced, he anticipates experts will gain new abilities for processing data to understand the full consequences of emissions and land-use practices.

Weller discussed the significant differences among the current adaptation, resilience, and mitigation approaches to climate change. Though resilience may look like “sustainability without hope,” he explained that this model most closely matches official responses to climate change to date, whereas adaptation implies a much more passive stance, primarily oriented toward retreat. In contrast to both, mitigation efforts seek to defend communities and ecosystems from the effects of climate change while also confronting its primary causes.

Weller emphasized the importance of the SDGs in protecting planetary biodiversity, though he added that additional measures are necessary to promote ecosystems that are “representative and connected.” As Weller’s research stresses, this means reorganizing land uses to lessen the isolation of biodiverse areas like preserves and national parks, allowing for the free movement of species and the diversification of their genes. He indicated that these connections are crucial for the continued health of the planet’s biodiversity hotspots; sea-level rise and climbing temperatures only add to the urgency of reconstructing ecosystems for vulnerable species, he said. Out of 36 global biological hotspots identified by Weller, 21 currently fail to meet the 2020 conservation targets set by the UN.

Weller envisions a system of continuous, preserved landscapes running latitudinally through climatic zones, allowing for the migration of species as their habitats change. Such a project will necessarily require cooperation on the Top, middle: Weller addresses guests in attendance at his special lecture, "Hotspot Cities." international stage. Weller pointed to the importance of binding conservation Bottom: An image from Weller's presentation depicting a contiguous "World Park" stretching from Europe to Australia. agreements as part of the broad agenda to preserve environments for the future. As he said, “we have a responsibility, when everything is at stake.” SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 13

INSTRUCTION H+U+D Forges Relationships in Support of Inclusive Urbanism

The Penn Humanities, Urbanism, and Design Five undergraduates received Mellon Under- On October 29, H+U+D cosponsored with the (H+U+D) Initiative, funded by the Andrew Mellon graduate Research Fellowships for the 2019-20 Katz Center “Looking Again at Louis Kahn,” a Foundation, continues to forge relationships academic year and participated in the newly created conversation with Brownlee, Susan Solomon, among the humanities and design disciplines Mellon Undergraduate Research Colloquium during independent architectural historian, and William around the study of cities. Penn IUR Co- the fall 2019 semester. Birch and Simon Richter, Whitaker, curator of the Architectural Archives Director Eugénie Birch, Lawrence C. Nussdorf Professor of Germanic Languages and Literatures, at the Weitzman School of Design, which took Professor of Urban Research, City and Regional Penn School of Arts and Sciences, served as faculty place at the National Museum of American Planning, Weitzman School of Design, and Penn mentors. The students will present their research at Jewish History. IUR Faculty Fellow David Brownlee, Frances a H+U+D faculty colloquium in January 2020. Shapiro-Weitzenhoffer Professor, History of H+U+D is a joint project with the Weitzman Art, Penn School of Arts and Sciences, co-direct Two Andrew W. Mellon Doctoral Dissertation School and the School of Arts and Sciences, the latest five-year initiative. Fellows joined the H+U+D colloquium this year. funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Dissertation fellows attended and participated in to foster critical and integrative considerations A signature component of the initiative is the the H+U+D faculty colloquium, including presenting of the relationship between the humanities H+U+D Colloquium, a group of 15 scholars their dissertation projects to the colloquium. and the design professions in the analysis and from both design and humanities disciplines H+U+D will issue a call for two new dissertation shaping of the built environment. Following across the university who meet bi-weekly to fellows for the 2020-21 academic year in the spring. the successful completion of the project’s first share research, foster collaboration, and build five-year period, Mellon renewed the grant for relationships. In fall 2019, the faculty colloquium H+U+D is currently accepting applications (due a second five-year period beginning in 2018. took two field trips: a tour of “The Histories (Le January 26) for two Junior Fellows (scholars from Under the renewed grant, the initiative takes Mancenillier),” an installation at Beth Sholom other institutions who have recently completed their “The Inclusive City: Past, Present, and Future” Synagogue by colloquium member David Hartt, doctoral work) who will join the H+U+D colloquium as its theme, focusing on issues of inclusivity Assistant Professor, Department of Fine Arts, during the 2020-21 academic year. Junior Fellows and diversity. Weitzman School of Design; and a tour of the will participate in the bi-weekly H+U+D colloquium, Philadelphia Museum of Art’s (PMA) exhibition present at a session, participate in the academic life For more information on the initiative and its “Designs for Different Futures,” given by Alisa of their host departments at Penn, and teach an programs visit www.humanitiesurbanismdesign. Chiles, H+U+D Program Manager and Andrew undergraduate seminar. com. W. Mellon Graduate Fellow at PMA. "Looking Again at Louis Kahn," a panel discussion featuring David Brownlee, co-sponsored by H+U+D and the Katz Center.

Anther signature element of the initiative is its support of cross-disciplinary education: H+U+D sponsors courses, awards research funding, and underwrites fellowships and student colloquia.

In fall 2019, H+U+D sponsored an undergraduate course cross-listed in the Departments of Anthropology and Urban Studies titled “The Modern City.” Taught by Brownlee with guest lectures by colloquium members, this multi-disciplinary study of the European and American city in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries emphasized the history of architecture and urban design. In spring 2020, H+U+D will sponsor three courses: two undergraduate seminars (one studying the making of modern Paris and the other examining representation of the Chinese both historically and in the present) and a graduate seminar (on modern architectural theory as it relates to urbanism). 14 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

CONVENING Penn IUR Supports Symposium Examining Environmental Justice and Health On October 25, Penn IUR cosponsored poverty continues to be health’s greatest enemy. To analysis of water infrastructure inequality using “Environmental Justice and Health Disparities illustrate, he pointed out that race is still the biggest Flint, Michigan, as a case study; the creation of a in the U.S.: Current Issues and Emerging Ideas in predictor of where hazardous waste facilities will refinery data system to demonstrate how science Academic Research 25 Years after Executive Order be located, with these facilities disproportionately can play a role in amplifying organizing efforts; the 12898,” a symposium hosted by the Department of placed in neighborhoods where people of color live. impacts of the Toxic 100 Air Polluters Index on Earth & Environmental Science. Bringing together environmental justice; and more. academic researchers, prominent environmental Following Mohai’s address, participants explored justice activists, and community representatives, ways to integrate knowledge across disciplines and During the lunch hour, Penn and Drexel students this day-long event provided a platform for sharing to engage the community to further environmental gave poster presentations of their work on new findings from a variety of disciplines, including justice. The event featured a mix of panel environmental justice topics. Before the symposium environmental and health sciences, engineering, discussions and individual presentations, organized opened, the Penn Program on Documentaries and economics, law, political science, and sociology. around three themes: science, technology, and the Law screened the award-winning documentary engineering for the environmentally disadvantaged; Cooked: Survival by Zip Code, followed by a panel The conference marked the 25th anniversary of how economics, law, and politics assess who wins discussion with filmmaker Judith Helfand. President Clinton’s executive order intended to and who loses from environmental exploitation; ensure that low-income citizens and minorities and environmental justice organizing and the For more information on the symposium, including do not suffer a disproportionate burden of promise of a Green New Deal. Topics included the an introduction to the topic, the day’s agenda, industrial pollution. In his keynote address, Paul health impacts associated with shale drilling in PDFs of student presentations, and a link to the Mohai, School for Environment and Sustainability, Pennsylvania; the role of participatory research film Cooked, visit http://web.sas.upenn.edu/ University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, argued that tactics in air monitoring projects in California; an enviro-justice/.

A presentation at the event "Environmental Justice and Health Disparities in the U.S." Photo by Svetlana Milutinović. SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 15 Penn IUR Mourns the Passing of Neal Peirce

Few journalists in recent history have written Penn IUR first worked with Peirce in 2007, and anchored a special session at Perry World more prolifically on issues pertinent to cities when he and his team covered the Global Urban House in preparation for the UN Conference on and metropolitan areas than Penn IUR Fellow Summit, a month-long convening sponsored by Housing and Sustainable Urban Development Neal Peirce, who died on December 27, 2019, the Rockefeller Foundation in Bellagio, Italy. (Habitat III) in 2016. at the age of 87. Following the urban beat for Penn IUR organized a weeklong session on more than six decades, Peirce reported with research at the event, which is described in Peirce’s efforts to improve his readers’ sharp insights on the goings on—good and Peirce’s Century of the City, No Time to Lose understanding of city dynamics made lasting bad—in local governments across the United (2008), co-authored with Curtis Johnson contributions to the urban environment. His States. Born and raised in Chestnut Hill, and Farley Peters. Following this meeting, understanding of the global significance of Philadelphia, Peirce began his editorial career Peirce founded Citiscope, an online journal cities anticipated a trend in urban theories that as a student at Princeton University, working as with correspondents from around the world continues to the present. His call for cities to editor of the Daily Princetonian. He served with reporting on global urbanization. Citiscope lead the advance of all forms of sustainability— the U.S. Army as a counterintelligence officer was the only periodical that detailed the UN’s social, economic, and environmental—was before pursuing graduate studies at Harvard creation and adoption of the Sustainable especially prescient in light of the current role University, where he made connections Development Goals in 2015. In 2017, Citiscope played by local administrations around the that would lead to his first professional joined the Thompson Reuters Foundation. world to address the climate crisis. editorial assignment as political editor of This February in Abu Dhabi, the organizers of Congressional Quarterly in 1960. Among other From 2007 onward, Penn IUR regularly World Urban Forum 10 are hosting a special accomplishments over the following decades, engaged with Peirce, particularly at the World session titled: “Remembering Neal Peirce: The he would found and edit National Journal and Urban Forums held in Rio de Janeiro, Naples, Pioneer of Urban Journalism.” author and coauthor 18 books. and Medellin. He spoke at Penn several times

Neal Peirce speaking at the event " Media and Habitat 3: How You Can Be a Part Of It," hosted by Penn IUR and Perry World House in October 2016. 16 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

CONVENING Galster Explores Neighborhood Influence in Penn IUR Book Talk On October 15, Penn IUR sponsored a book talk by Penn IUR Scholar George C. Galster, Clarence Hillbery Professor of Urban Affairs and Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Wayne State University, on his new book, Making Our Neighborhoods, Making Our Selves (University of Chicago Press, 2019). In his talk, Galster described the dynamic relationship between places and people, building an argument for specific policies that promote fair, productive, and inclusive neighborhoods.

As he stated, “our neighborhoods shape us” by influencing our attitudes, safety, health, wealth, behaviors, and opportunities; in this way, neighborhood characteristics can either promote or undermine equality. Simultaneously, he noted, we shape our neighborhoods—and in that relationship lies the opportunity to create a more just society.

He argued that the current model—which relies heavily on an unfair and inefficient housing market—perpetuates inequality and segregation by class and ethnicity. Adopting policies that make markets fairer and more efficient, Galster said, can create neighborhoods that exhibit more spatial equality. Moreover, targeting the equity and the efficiency of the market is likely to have bipartisan appeal: those on the right will support efforts to internalize externalities while those on the left will support justice.

The event wrapped up with questions from the audience followed by Galster’s call to action: “The current market system is inefficient and inequitable. We need to intervene with good policy and planning.”

Making Our Neighborhoods, Making Our Selves is available at www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/ Top, middle: Galster addresses guests in attendance at his presentation on Making Our Neighborhoods, Making Our Selves. books/book/chicago/M/bo32427403.html. Bottom: Galster demonstrates principles of community formation with Vincent Reina, Weitzman School of Design, and Ira Goldstein, Reinvestment Fund. SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 17 Faculty Spotlight: Eugenia South

(CONTINUED FROM P. 3) physiologically to walking past the vacant lots, YOU CONTINUE TO SEE PATIENTS. they attract other researchers, students, and before and after greening. We used heart rate HOW DOES PRACTICING MEDICINE mentees who are also interested in that work. as a marker of acute stress. Heart rate dropped INFLUENCE YOUR RESEARCH? HOW The university then becomes a center of up to 15 beats per minute after greening— DOES YOUR RESEARCH INFLUENCE excellence in that field. Charlie Branas—who demonstrating a link between the neighborhood YOUR MEDICAL PRACTICE? is now at Columbia—really was a pioneer in environment and what is happening inside the looking at how space and place impacts health body (see “Neighborhood Blight, Stress, and I think of this as a continuum. When and, working alongside the other individuals Health: A Walking Trial of Urban Greening and I'm working clinically in the emergency you mentioned, built that foundational body of Ambulatory Heart Rate” in American Journal of department, I see the farthest downstream work that attracted so many others that have Public Health 2015; 105 (5)). causes of poor health: I see people who made Penn a center of excellence in this field. have uncontrolled blood pressure, or have These studies culminated in a large citywide been shot, or delivered babies, or overdosed Sponsors are also important. Mentors help randomized controlled trial of vacant lot on drugs. I take care of individual health people with their scholarship; sponsors greening. We studied over 500 vacant lots problems one-on-one. In the research world, really find ways to promote them and give across the city and demonstrated that vacant I take several steps back and ask: What are them opportunities, which in academia is so lots that got the greening intervention or the upstream causes of what I'm seeing in the important particularly for women and people a trash clean-up intervention had up to a emergency department? I work on those root of color. Charlie is an incredible mentor and 29 percent reduction in violent crime (see causes of health. What I see in the emergency sponsor. Having sponsors really helps to grow “Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial to room definitely informs the types of problems a field of excellence at Penn by growing people Restore Blighted Vacant Land and Its Effects that I'm working on in my research. who are interested in contributing to that field on Violence, Crime, and Fear” in PNAS 2018; and to Penn. 115 (12)). My research also affects my clinical practice. Because of the work that I've done with urban GIVEN YOUR FINDINGS ON THE We also showed that people living near greening and thinking about nature as an HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE PHYSICAL the greened vacant lots report feeling less important health promotion tool, when I have ENVIRONMENT, WHAT ARE THE MOST depressed (see “Effect of Greening Vacant patients in the emergency department for IMPORTANT THINGS YOU THINK Land on Mental Health of Community-Dwelling things that I think may be related to underlying PLANNERS, POLICYMAKERS, AND Adults: A Cluster Randomized Trial” in JAMA stress or to life challenges, I often take a step OTHERS CAN DO TO SUPPORT HEALTH Network Open 2018; 1 (3)). back and ask them a little bit about their life. AND WELL-BEING? After I've done my medical workup to make I’m wrapping up another study now. While sure there’s no immediate life-threatening Healthcare systems are thinking more about much of my work has been on changing the causes of symptoms, I ask patients about upstream causes of poor health. Investing in physical environment, for this pilot study— themselves and, in particular, if they spend any a relatively low-cost and scalable intervention called Nurture in Nature—my team and I are time outside in Philadelphia’s parks or natural like vacant lot greening can have a potentially trying to influence how people interact with areas. People often say “no.” I recommend that very tangible impact on the health of the their existing environment. For this study, we they spend time outside in a way that feels population that you're taking care of. With any enrolled post-partum women and designed right to them, and explain that there’s a lot intervention, the healthcare system wants to an intervention meant to influence their of research showing that time in nature can see an impact on the bottom line. I am doing interactions with nature. We paired these help with a variety of health problems. That's work right now to try to show that certain types women with a nature coach—someone who definitely not part of the medical training. of neighborhood interventions could actually herself loves nature—who visited with each That’s the influence of the work that I do as a reduce expensive acute care utilization, which woman twice: once to talk about nature researcher coming out in my clinical practice. would be a compelling economic argument one-on-one and to suggest nearby nature for health systems. I would love to see health locations to visit and a second time to go with A NUMBER OF RESEARCHERS AT THE systems invest in greening the neighborhoods them to a local green space. We also worked UNIVERSITY (YOU, CHARLES BRANAS, where their most vulnerable patients come with the women to set goals, reminded them JOHN MACDONALD, DOUG WIEBE, AND from. with text messages, and followed the women OTHERS) INVESTIGATE HOW SPATIAL for a couple of months to see how often they VARIABLES AFFECT HEALTH. HOW DID In terms of policy, there’s a great example went outside. We want to know: a) Will this THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA of research influencing policy here in intervention influence people’s interactions BECOME A CENTER OF EXCELLENCE Philadelphia. For the first time this past year with nature? And b) Will it have any impact on IN THIS FIELD OF RESEARCH? WHAT the city of Philadelphia’s Violence Prevention preventing post-partum depression? We're STRENGTHS DO YOU THINK THE Plan actually includes vacant lot greening and almost done with our data collection and UNIVERSITY HAS IN THIS FIELD? abandoned house remediation because of the then we'll analyze the results. It’s another work we have done here at Penn showing to exciting avenue through which I'm trying to I think that this happens a lot at universities: be a cost-effective way to reduce violence. It is impact the relationship people have with an individual or two begins building a body a researcher's dream to see their work lead to their environment. of work and, as they grow that body of work, policy change. 18 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31

The Future of the Community Reinvestment Act

(CONTINUED FROM P. 1) featured two panel discussions: one presenting new research findings on the impact of the CRA and the other exploring proposed policy options intended to modernize this important legislation.

Senator Sherrod Brown of Ohio, who spoke at the symposium, expressed his hope that any changes to the CRA would reflect the spirit in which the law was originally adopted: as a tool to fight disinvestment in impoverished communities and as a key demand of the .

The first panel discussion, moderated by Penn IUR Co-Director Susan Wachter and titled “CRA Impact—Recent Findings,” focused on recent research on the long-term outcomes of the legislation. Panel participants included Paul Calem, Bank Policy Institute, formerly Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia; Laurie Goodman, Urban Institute; and Mark Willis, New York University. The second panel discussion, moderated by Kent Colton of the Colton Housing Group and titled “Policy Alternatives,” focused on proposed policy changes under consideration by federal officials. Panel participants included Gerron Levi, National Community Reinvestment Coalition; Pat McCoy, Boston College; Buzz Roberts, National Association of Affordable Housing Lenders; Dafina Stewart, Bank Policy Institute; and Lawrence J. White, New York University. While the symposium participants reflected a range of viewpoints, there was broad agreement that the proposed rule change, which calls for a simple ratio of dollar amounts expended on qualifying activities relative to deposits, could undermine the law’s mission. Participants noted such a metric could fail to identify and meet local communities’ needs.

Penn IUR continues its work with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia on issues surrounding the modernization of the CRA with the publication in January 2020 of a special volume in Housing Policy Debate, co-edited by Wachter and Lei Ding, Senior Economic Advisor for Community Development, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. See page 4 for more information.

A Penn IUR Policy Brief titled "Modernizing the CRA (While Preserving Its Spirit)" summarizes the perspectives of experts who spoke at the October 29th event as well as of academics who contributed to the special edition of Housing Policy Debate. To Top: Guests in attendance at "The Future of the Community Reinvestment Act." read the brief, visit https://penniur.upenn.edu/ Middle: Speakers on the panel "Policy Alternatives" included (left to right) Pat McCoy, Gerron Levi, and Dafina Stewart. uploads/media/Modernizing_the_CRA.pdf. Bottom: Lawrence J. White (left) and Penn IUR Co-Director Susan Walker speak at intermission. Photos by Lisa Marie Patzer. SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS 19

Penn Delegation Promotes Financing Resilient Cities at COP25

(CONTINUED FROM P. 1) noted that in order to fully implement these goals, local governments will need new financial tools to secure funding for the construction of climate-resilient infrastructure.

The panel, a UNFCCC Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) dialogue, was organized in collaboration with KCEP, ICLEI (Local Governments for Sustainability), and the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy. Panelists included Amanda Eichel, Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy; Stephen Hammer, Climate Change Group, World Bank; Mark Alan Hughes, KCEP; Mauricio Rodas, former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador, and Visiting Fellow at PWH and Penn IUR; Ashok-Alexander Sridharan, Mayor of Bonn, Germany; Maryke van Staden, ICLEI Low Carbon City Agenda; and Koko Warner, UNFCCC.

As another component of their efforts at COP25, Penn IUR, PWH, and KCEP jointly launched the City Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Financing Initiative (C2IFI), an effort to connect cities to new financing mechanisms. The initiative was incubated in a fall 2019 graduate seminar at Penn titled “Introduction to International Development Finance for Cities,” co-taught by Rodas and Penn IUR Co-Director Eugénie Birch. To facilitate city financing, C2IFI is building a knowledge-sharing platform that will enable mayors, city officials, and municipal stakeholders to better understand the players, instruments, and funding models involved in climate-resilient infrastructure financing. C2IFI is a growing partnership between Penn and key actors like C40, The Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance (CCFLA), United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), Urban Climate Change Research Network (UCCRN), and the World Economic Forum.

“Cities are where the battle against climate change will be defined, and thus will require a vast infrastructure transformation to make them climate-resilient,” said Rodas. “We must channel greater resources to them and redesign the Top: The Penn delegation participate in the UNFCCC Least Developed Countries expert group on National Adaptation Plans. international financial architecture.” For more Middle: Members of the Penn delegation to COP25. information on C2IFI, visit www.c2ifi.org. Bottom: Mark Alan Hughes (left) and Penn IUR/Perry World House Visiting Fellow Mauricio Rodas at the COP25 launch of the City Climate-Resilient International Financing Initiative (C2IFI). Photos by Jocelyn Perry. 20 PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN RESEARCH URBAN NEWS SPRING 2020 | NO. 31 About Penn IUR THE PENN INSTITUTE FOR URBAN PENN IUR DIRECTORS & STAFF CONTACT INFORMATION RESEARCH is dedicated to advancing cross- EUGÉNIE L. BIRCH G-12 Meyerson Hall Co-Director; Lawrence C. Nussdorf Professor of Urban 210 South 34th Street disciplinary urban-focused research, instruction, Research and Education, Department of City & Regional University of Pennsylvania and civic engagement on issues relevant to Planning, Weitzman School of Design Philadelphia, PA 19104-6311 cities around the world. As the global population SUSAN M. WACHTER P 215.573.8386 becomes increasingly urban, understanding Co-Director; Sussman Professor and Professor of Real Estate F 215.898.5731 cities is vital to informed decision-making and Finance, The Wharton School [email protected] and public policy at the local, national, and AMY MONTGOMERY penniur.upenn.edu international levels. Penn IUR has a strong focus Managing Director facebook.com/penniur.upenn on research that informs the sustainable and MAXWELL DONNEWALD twitter.com/penniur inclusive 21st-century city. By providing a forum Program Coordinator linkedin.com/groups/ for collaborative scholarship and instruction at CARA GRIFFIN Penn-Institute-Urban- Penn and beyond, Penn IUR stimulates research Interim Communications Director Research-3919080 and engages with urban practitioners and AMANDA LLOYD policymakers to inform urban policy. Project Manager

PENN IUR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PENN IUR ADVISORY BOARD

CO-CHAIR: WENDELL PRITCHETT MICHAEL GIBBONS CHAIR: MARK ROSENBERG JESSICA MORGAN Provost, University of Pennsylvania; I.W. Burnham II Professor of Principal, MHR Fund Management Vice President, Lubert-Adler Real Presidential Professor of Law and Investment Banking; Deputy Dean, The VICE CHAIR: ALAN D. SCHNITZER Estate Funds Education, Law School Wharton School CEO, The Travelers Companies, Inc. MARC H. MORIAL, ESQ. CO-CHAIR: DAWN BONNELL P. DAVID BRAMBLE President & CEO, National Urban PAM GROSSMAN Vice Provost for Research, Henry Managing Partner, MCB Real Estate League Dean, and George and Diane Weiss Robinson Towne Professor of PATRICK BRETT FAHD MUKHTAR Professor of Education, Graduate Engineering and Applied Science, Managing Director, Citigroup Director, Fatima Group School of Engineering and Applied School of Education KEVIN CHAVERS LAWRENCE C. NUSSDORF, ESQ. Science Managing Director, BlackRock Chairman & CEO, Clark Enterprises MARK ALAN HUGHES Solutions WILLIAM BURKE-WHITE Professor of Practice, City and EGBERT PERRY Richard Perry Professor, Professor Regional Planning; Faculty Director, MANUEL A. DIAZ Chairman & CEO, The Integral Group of Law, School of Law; Inaugural Senior Partner, Lydecker Diaz, LLC Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, RICHARD P. RICHMAN Director, Perry World House Weitzman School of Design Former Mayor, City of Miami, FL Chairman, The Richman Group, Inc. PAUL FARMER JEFFREY COOPER JONATHAN F.P. ROSE JOHN JACKSON, JR. Vice President, Office of Former Executive Director & CEO, President, Jonathan Rose Companies Government and Community Affairs Walter H. Annenberg Dean, Annenberg American Planning Association School for Communication; Richard ROBERT J.T. ROSENFELD DAVI D GALLO DENNIS CULHANE Perry University Professor Principal, JBG Rosenfeld Retail Founder and Managing Member, Professor and Dana and Andrew Stone MOLLY ROUSE-TERLEVICH Valinor Management, LLC Chair in Social Policy; Co-Principal JOHN MACDONALD Community Volunteer and Political Investigator, Actionable Intelligence for Professor of Criminology and RENÉE LEWIS GLOVER Fundraiser Social Policy, School of Social Policy Sociology; Faculty Director, Fels Founder and Managing Member, DEBORAH RATNER SALZBERG and Practice Institute of Government, Department The Catalyst Group, LLC Washington, D.C., Region Chairman, of Criminology, School of Arts and JACQUES GORDON JOHN DILULIO Brookfield Properties Sciences Frederick Fox Leadership Professor Global Head of Research and EVERETT SANDS of Politics, Religion, and Civil Society, Strategy, LaSalle Investment CEO, Lendistry, LLC. FREDERICK STEINER Management School of Arts and Sciences ARI SHALAM Dean and Paley Professor, Weitzman ANDREW HALVORSEN GILLES DURANTON Managing Director, RWN Real Estate School of Design Private Investor Dean’s Chair in Real Estate Professor; Partners LLC EVAN HELLER Chair, Department of Real Estate, The ROBERT STEWART Private Investor & Advisor Wharton School Managing Director, The JBG VIRGINIA HEPNER Companies STEVEN FLUHARTY Former CEO, Woodruff Arts Center Dean and Thomas S. Gates, Jr. Professor MICHAEL TABB J. ROBERT HILLIER of Psychology, Pharmacology, and Managing Principal, Red Rock Global President, J. Robert Hillier Neuroscience, School of Arts and KENNETH TANENBAUM Sciences TOM MILLON Vice Chairman, Kilmer Van Nostrand President & CEO, Capital Markets Coop. Co. Limited