THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951 New Housing — a REVIEW Preview

Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum

Vol.2, No. 3 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, NOVEMBER 2, 1951 5 cents

FLUORIDATION OF CANAL ZONE WATER TO BEGIN SOON AFTER THE FIRST OF THE COMING YEAR

Canal Officials Attend Army Supply Will Serve Disaster Control Exercise Zone, Panama, Colon

The use of fluoride in Canal Zone water as a partial control for dental decay will begin early in the coming calendar year. A year's supply of fluoride has been ordered and its use in water at the Mira- flores and Mount Hope filtration plants will begin shortly after the arrival of the necessary chemicals, probably by mid- January. The cost of the fluoridation will be approximately $12,000 per year, or one mill per thousand gallons of water. Water so treated will serve the entire population of the Canal Zone, plus that of Colon and Panama City and its sub- urbs as far as Juan Diaz. Approval of the use of fluoride in the local water supply concluded months of experiment by E. W. Zelnick, Chief of the Municipal Division's Water and Lab- oratories Branch, and by members of his staff as to what chemicals would be best suited for Isthmian use and the develop- ment of the most suitable method of add- ing the chemicals to the water. Of the $5,000 authorized to conduct the experiments to determine the particular OBSERVERS AND ADVISERS at the engineering table for the recent Army exercise were three Panama Canal Division Chiefs. Frank Lerchen, Municipal Engineer, center, facing the camera, is look- type of chemical to be used, the method

ing over the situation map. Facing him is Harry Metzler of the Building Division, while J. B. Smith, of of applying it and the point of applica- the Electrical Division, has his back to the camera, far right. tion, sufficient funds are left to cover the cost of manufacturing locally and install- Bureau and Division Chiefs of the Pan- ing, and care of refugees from such a ing the small amount of equipment re- ama Canal Company and Canal Zone disaster. quired for the fluoridation. Government whose organizations would Colonel Mial explained that it is ex- The method to be used calls for the use go into action in case of a local disaster pected that a third and last drill, which of sodium silicofluoride and is less costly sat in as observers last month on a unified will be a full-scale exercise, will test the than methods using another, related, service exercise, illustrating disaster con- use of relief teams and equipment on a chemical sodium fluoride. trol procedure to be followed in the event large scale. The sodium silicofluoride is to be added of an atomic attack on the Canal Zone. Attending the military exercise as ob- to the water at a rate sufficient to obtain The exercise was the second of a series servers and advisers were representatives a residual fluoride content of 0.7 parts per and the first in which a number of Canal of the Governor's office, Marine, Civil million. officials have participated. Affairs, Supply and Service, and Health Last January, the Water and Labora- Purpose in having the Panama Canal Bureaus; the Municipal, Electrical, Locks tories Branch was authorized to perform officials on hand for the exercise, in which Police, Fire, Clubhouses, and Housing experimental work to determine the most an atomic attack on Pedro Miguel Locks Divisions; and the Safety Branch. economical fluoride compound which was simulated, was as observers and ad- The observers sat in on the exercise at could be used and the most suitable point visers. In the latter capacity, according Disaster Control Headquarters at Fort of application of the fluoride to the water to Lt. Col. John P. Mial, Director of the Amador where a critique on the CPX at Miraflores and Mount Hope filtration Army Disaster Control Center, they could (Command Post Exercise) was held a plants. advise the military staff officers on capa- week later. In other locations where the water sup- bilities of the Panama Canal organization ply has been fluoridated, the chemical is and coordinate matters so that the needs FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE almost always added to the filtered water of both military and Panama Canal popu- by specially set feeders. • Interested in housing? Some of the new up lations could be met in case of a disaster. types of quarters to be built here are illus- The Canal Zone chemists experimented trated and described on page 2. The problem was designed to test re- with both the sodium fluoride and sodium • Fall days and football go together. The sources for handling traffic in the Canal, Zone's three school football squads are silicofluoride, the latter being found to be pictuied on page 13. the provision of police and fire protection, about half the cost of the former. A trip through the with a pilot is treatment of casualties, availability of • Canal They developed a small device to the waterfront feature in the series on men water and electrical supply and commun- who put ships through the interoceanic "dump" the selected chemical into exist- waterway, on page 10. ications facilities, and the housing, feed- ing solution tanks. This (Seepage!) THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951 New Housing — A REVIEW Preview

Ten new housing designs for U. S.-rate On the other end of the living space is large covered porch opening from the quarters have been approved and are now the service wing, which consists of kitchen living room area, covered service space, being developed by the Engineering Divi- maid's toilet, storage space, a clothes dry- and a collapsible partition between two sion for construction in new and replace- ing area, and a car-port. The plan for this small bedrooms which may be opened to ment housing areas. Included in the ten type is illustrated below. This general permit this space to be used as one extra- designs are revisions and improvements scheme is also adapted to three-bedroom large bedroom. The plan and elevation of to three of the more popular types re- single apartments and two-bedroom two- this house is illustrated to the left, above. cently built in Diablo. family nouses. Another three-bedroom house has the living and dining space combined for thorough circulation of air. In this house, however, the dining space is in an alcove at one side. The bedroom wing has two small and one large bedrooms and two baths. The kitchen can be reached from the car-port. The car-port and the covered service area are somewhat larger than in earlier types. Quarters in the four-bedroom group are a modification of the three-bedroom "breezeway" houses recently built in Diablo. Some innovations, such as the use of natural-finished native woods, for exposed ceilings in living rooms and other suitable spaces, and the possible use of some cer- amic materials are proposed. Canal Zone housing, the designers point out, is too often thought of only in terms of arrangement, size, and appearance of rooms. These are, of course, the ultimate object of the designs, but costs cannot be ignored especially since in any housing project these costs are reflected eventually in rents paid by the individual occupying the quarters. In some of the new houses, the designers have reduced the area to keep rentals within the financial limits of the average Canal Zone employee. Several of the newly approved quarters have been reduced in size for this reason. This is particularly true of some of the three-bedroom types and special thought WITH THE addition of new designs to the Housing Project, employees will have the choice of eleven has been given to providing some "min- masonry and six composite off-the-ground types. Above is one of the smaller 3-bedroom houses with several imum-standard" houses to fit the needs new features. The lower plan is another new type, providing outdoor living space on a covered terrace. of the younger employees living on a re- ^m stricted budget with younger, growing families.

COVER£ptEl?gAC^

FLUORIDATION OF C. Z. WATER

Continued from page 1) device consists

I l i l : of a drum holder, mounted on a horizontal rotating axis inside a small, dust-proof cabinet, equipped with sprays to wash all material adhering to the container and u inside of the cabinet into the main the CAR PORT Living - Dinikjg Bedroom solution tank. The proposal to add fluoride to the local water supply has been recommended authorities and dental organi- 4- by medical + zations in both the Canal Zone and Pan- ama, and has received the endorsement

tH4IH««IN(j 1 COM*T«uCriOM of the Government of Panama. p«« JioM P M f [ feit. 2Sl'"S55»« A continually increasing number of G*«A»MtC SfAbE cities in the United States have fluori- supplies—the number Seven new types, covering a range of Another new type of two-bedroom dated their water estimated at and two-, three-, and four-bedroom houses house has a covered terrace or porch, last January was 65— been recommended by and including single- and double-apart- opening from the long end of the living the process has national, state, and municipal ment units, are now in the working draw- room. This terrace or porch extends the leading health associations. ing stage. living space into an adjoining, sheltered dental and objective of the fluori- One of the new two-bedroom houses has outdoor space. The kitchen in this plan The immediate control of dental a covered terrace or open porch which allows space for breakfast dining. A cov- dation is the partial children who receive runs parallel with the living dining room. ered car-port, a service area, maid's toilet, decay, especially in "greatest benefits of fluoridation in The terrace or porch is practically an out- and storage room make up the exterior the This benefit is believed door extension of the living space. covered service area. their early years. continue for life once it is received in This area is also easily available to the One of the two new types of three-bed- to childhood. kitchen, which adjoins it on one end, room single apartments has the entrance early does not affect the allowing service directly to the terrace so arranged to provide access to the living The fluoridation odor, color, or clearness of the area. Two bedrooms and the bath open room, kitchen and bedroom wing from taste, from the living space on one end. the entrance hallway. There is also a water supply. November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Office Management Pay Raises, Income Tax, Houses Discussed At Employees Conference Course At College

No consideration is being given to 28 and for which payment is due on Draws 39 Isthmians closing the Gamboa shops, Governor November 20. Retroactive payments will F. K. Newcomer told the Governor- follow soon after. Twenty-three employees of the Panama Employee Conference August 26. The Payment of the retroactive pay, how- Canal Company are being trained in Governor's statement came as an answer ever, Mr. Dunsmoor said, presents addi- office management in a 17-week course to a question raised by Walter Wagner of tional difficulties, in that each employee's

which is being given at the Canal Zone the Central Labor Union-Metal Trades back pay must be computed individually. Junior College. The Canal employees are Council. This is especially complicated for those a majority of the 39 students who enrolled The conference, which lasted beyond employees such as nurses and customs for the 34-hour course. the usual adjournment time, took up sub- inspectors who have performed night Statistics compiled by Richard R. Saul, jects which ranged from housing assign- work during the nine pay periods covered of the Accounting Policies Division, Office ments, the date on which employees by the retroactive clause of the pay legis- of the Comptroller for the U. S. Army would receive the pay increases recently lation. He added that this computation Caribbean, instructor for the course, show authorized by Congress, dispensaries, could be simplified by computing ma- that the Canal Company enrollees predom- fading license plates, post offices, com- chines which, however, are held up in New inate in the middle-age bracket of the stu- missary prices, and the overall subject of York by the shipping strike. dents taking the office management course. organization. As far as income tax on the retroactive The main objective of the course is to The first question, raised by Rufus pay is concerned, with the tax increase to

give an over-all view of the entire field Lovelady of the A. F. G. E., concerned be made effective November 1, Mr. Duns- of office management, with the idea that the date on which classified employees moor said that income tax personnel here those taking the course will develop could expect to receive the pay increases have as yet received no instructions. If enough interest in their own special fields voted by Congress last month. F. G. the procedure to be followed is the same to continue in further specialization. Dunsmoor, Executive Assistant for the as that of last year when a tax increase

Mr. Saul is conducting the course in Governor, told the conference that it is was made effective toward the end of the the forum-seminar type of teaching, to hoped that the pay increases can be re- year, the tax for the entire year will be bring forward as much class discussion as flected in the period which began October fixed by a computation (See page 18) possible. He plans to use such visual aids as flow and distribution charts and task analyses A President Visits The Zone and will bring in outside speakers when

it is possible.

During the 17 weeks the course is in progress the students will cover such sub- jects as: forms and form designs, work simplification, organization, administration and management, office layouts, business machines, and work measurements and supervision. Meets Twice Weekly

The class is meeting twice weekly, Monday and Thursday evenings, at the Junior College building in Balboa. Ten of the Canal Company's employee- students are between 30 and 40 years of age, 12 are in the 40-50 year age bracket, and the other is over 50. Daytimes they work in the Health, Personnel, or Finance Bureaus, the Store- houses, Terminals, Electrical, Locks, or Housing Divisions, the Records or the License Sections. Taking the class as a whole, 10 of the students are women. Seven of the 39 are from the Air Force, one from the Navy, three from the Army, one working in private business in Cristobal, two employed by private concerns in Panama City, one employed by the Panama Government, the 23 Panama Canal Company employees, and one who is not presently working. FORTY-FIVE YEARS ago this month, a President of the United States took the unprecedented Two of the Panamanian and two of the step of leaving the country. The visit was to the Canal Zone. Rain drenched the presidential party for three days but President Theodore Roosevelt covered the Canal Zone from end to end, stopping at Air Force students as well as the unem- every town "along the line" and at every major project to see how things were going. ployed student are under 20 years old. Three Air Force students, the Navy stu- "It is without precedent for dent, one of the Army pupils, and one of a President tative schedule mapped out. to leave the States, is the private business employees are be- United but this a A major problem was a place of lodging work without precedent, "President tween 20 and 30. Ten of the Panama Theo- for the Presidential party. The Tivoli dore Roosevelt told Canal Company, two of the Air Force the men who were Hotel was under construction, with its building the personnel, and one Panamanian are be- Panama Canal 45 years ago completion date well beyond the week in this month. tween 30 and 40; the other two Air Force November when the President was ex- are doing the personnel and 12 of the remaining 13 Pan- "You biggest thing of this pected. Finally it was determined that kind that has ever been done." ama Canal Company employees are in at least one wing "could be furnished and Plans for the President's visit in the next generation, and the last Panama No- otherwise fitted up in such a manner to vember 1906 began as early as June of afford facilities Canal Company employee is over 50. appropriate and adequate that year, as soon as it was definite that for the party's comfort and welfare," and the visit would be made. All during the the alternate offer of an official house for Gatun Lake has an area of 163.38 summer, Isthmian Canal officials con- the Roosevelt party was declined. square miles, with a shore line of 1,100 ferred among themselves and with repre- On November 15 President Roosevelt miles when the surface is at its normal sentatives of the new Republic of Pan- came ashore in the Canal Zone in a steady elevation of 85 feet above sea level. ama, and, by mid-September, had a ten- rain which, for the next (See page 18) THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951

Travellers Return From South Seas C. Z. Hobby Groups Urged to

'Register' with New Employees

Hobby groups and similar organizations in the Canal Zone have been urged to provide information concerning themselves for distribution among newly- arrived U. S.-rate employees, in order that the new arrivals may associate themselves easily with Isthmians of longer standing who are interested in pastimes similar to their own. The information is to be included in a "List of Organizations"—churches, fra- ternal groups, social organizations, and the like—to be issued to each new U. S.- I rate employee at the time of employment processing in the Personnel Bureau. Officers of all such employee groups are invited to provide their organizations' proper names, addresses, and telephone numbers for the list by telephoning Em- ployee Relations, 2-1525, during business hours.

It is hoped that all phases of organized hobby and pastime activity represented in the Canal Zone will be represented by printer. SOUTH SEA islanders have nothing on this Zone trio. Just back from the Marquesas and Society the time the list goes to the and Lee's father, Edwin Rigby Islands are Lee Rigby, 14, Richard Harris of the Communications Branch, A few such organizations are: The C. Z. skirt and what goes with it; Mr. Harris has on shell of the Storehouses Division. Lee is wearing the grass History Society, Orchid Society, holding Natural beads and a South Sea "Panama," and Mr. Rigby sports his first mate's cap. The material they are and the stamps and photo groups. is a sarong in its natural form.

wears as sarongs), beads, hats of "Sure, I'd like to go back to Tahiti," July 27, the yachting party found that mour grass mats, and other South 14-year-old Lee Rigby of Amador Road the July 14 Bastille Day celebration was palm leaves, Pacific curios. in Balboa told The Panama Canal Re- still going on. mid- view. "It's cool there." Mr. McDaniel continued on with the Mr. Rigby, who had drawn the Palmosa was tired out and With his father, Edwin, of the Division Palmosa, which is owned and skippered watch on the Society of Storehouses, Richard Harris of the by Captain Henry V. Hudson, a retired thin when the yacht reached the several days rest he Electrical Division's Communications British Naval officer, but the other three Islands, but after his lost weight and more. Branch, and John McDaniel of the Canal waited in Papeete for the French Line's began to regain Zone police force, Lee sailed from Balboa Sagittaire for their homeward passage. Yachting, the Zonians agree, is the way on the 72-foot ketch Palmosa. Lee, they are May 21 They loaded up with grass skirts, to spend a vacation. Like Lee was signed on, according to the somewhere. parens (the same things Dorothy La- all ready to go again, yacht's papers, as a "cabin buoy," his father as first mate (he did the cooking, too) while the other two were able sea- Young Zonian Gets Ham License men. Later, after Lee had climbed 40 feet into the rigging to rescue a halyard which was about to be carried away in a squall, he was promoted to able seaman. Except for the first part of the trip in the Bay of Panama the weather was good all the way to the Marquesas Islands, which they reached July 13. The early part of the voyage, however, was unpleas- ant enough to make up for the later per- fect weather. The yacht was beset by rain squalls and storms for the entire first week out, and the Palmosa did not sight the Galapagos Islands until 27 days after

it cleared Balboa. The Palmosa did not stop at the Gala- pagos but swung west toward the Mar- quesas, crossing the Equator three times en route as she tacked back and forth. Whales were fairly frequent sights along the trip, one of them coming within 40 feet of the yacht and giving rise to some apprehension that it might overturn the comparatively small craft. The yachtsmen had several meals of dolphin which Lee snagged by catching them in the side awarded her on with a hook tossed oxer the Palmosa s rail. THREE OF A KIND: When Carol Louise Combs, 13, was "ham" radio license

i 1-'. her family. Her parents, Mr. and Mr3. Prentiss The yachtsmen reached Nukuhiva, Ictober she liecame the third licensed operator in Combs of Balboa, shown here iwith Carol in their radio "shack," have been licensed since 1949. Carol capital of the Marquesas, on July 13. is the youngest "ham" on the Isthmus. eight weeks after they had left Balboa,

The island was making final preparations < letting a license to operate a "ham" third member of her family to chalk up for the celebration of Bastille Day the fol- radio is not an easy task for a grown-up a "first." lowing day. For the celebration, the and it's understandably harder for a Her mother, Angela, became the first Palmosa group were the guests of the young lady who is just getting into her woman "ham" on the Canal Zone when island's Administrator. 'teens. But 13-year-old Carol Louise she received her license in July 1949, just After six days in the Marquesas, the Combs of Calabash Street in Balboa made a month after Carol's father, Prentiss C. Pahnosa moved on to Papeete, the capi- the grade and is now the youngest opera- Combs, was awarded his license. The two tal of the Society Islands. Arriving there tor in the Canal Zone. She is also the licenses made the Combs (See page it) November 2,1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

A FOR YOUR INTEREST AND GUIDANCE CCIDENT PREVENTION UMZ UL !£ j

The Panama Canal Company-Canal Zone We take this means to welcome two new Paint thinners and removers—most Government experienced a frequency rate of members to the Panama Canal Company- are harmful if swallowed, including linseed 14 for the month of September as a result Canal Zone Government Safety Board; oil, tung oil, turpentine, banana oil, acetone, of 40 disabling injuries and a man-hour they are: Lt. Comdr. W. M. Vincent, alcohol, benzine, and others. exposure of .'.821.01.5. USN, representing the Industrial Director, Extracts and flavorings —the strong al- and Charles A. Dubbs, representing the coholic solutions make these dangerous, Personnel Director. although oil of wintergreen and oil of pep- The Civil Affairs Bureat will receive permint are basically poisonous. L. W. Chambers has been appointed to Honor Roll Award certificates for Best Rec- Antiseptics and disinfectants—these virtue the position of Acting Safety Inspector, ord for the month of September by include tincture of iodine, cresol prepara- the resig- of of Zero. Congratula- Locks Division, made vacant by a Freouency Rate tions (usually sold under a trade name), this Award nation of Jack F. Paterson. tions to a four-time winner of phenol or carbolic acid, bichloride of mer- this year. potassium per- Max R. Hart has been appointed to the cury, ammonia ted mercury, peroxide, etc. position of Safety Inspector, Motor Trans- manganate, hydrogen The following Divisions will receive portation Division and Division of Store- Laxatives and cough syrups—not all Honor Roll Award certificates for No Dis- houses, made vacant by the resignation of are harmful, but to be safe they should never abling Injuries for the month of September: E. F. Ryan. be left within the reach of children. Building, Municipal, Grounds Maintenance, Alcohols — beverages, rubbing com- and a newcomer to the Honor Roll Fratern- UNLABELED POISON pounds, and special substances such as ity, the Commissary Division. adhesive tape removers are dangerous. LURKS IN HOMES AS CHILD DANGER American workers were saler in 1950, the HONOR ROLL The skull-and-crossbones on the iodine National Safety Council reports. bottle has become a familiar symbol of Industrial injury tates for last year, re- Bureau Award For danger in most households, but there are leased by the Council in advance of the 1951 BEST RECORD many unlabeled poison killers in every home edition of its statistical yearbook, Accident September that are commonly thought to be harmless. Facts, show a substantial reduction in both few of these common household sub- the frequency and severity of 1950 accidents CIVIL AFFAIRS A stances which have claimed many lives, as compared with 1949. principally among children because they are Twenty-nine of the 40 basic industry AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR not always repelled by an objectionable classifications reduced their frequency rates, taste or odor, are as follows: and 23 reduced severity rates. Civil Affairs 4 Kerosene—one of the commonest causes 8 PERCENT J ndustrial 3 of poison deaths among children. RATE DOWN

Engineering and Construction 2 Sleeping tablets—usually contain a de- The accident frequency rate for employees Health 1 rivative of barbituric acid, and in sufficient in all industries submitting company reports Quantity can be fatal. dis- Community Services 1 to the Council, based on the number of poisons such abling injuries per 1,000,000 man-hours, was Supply and Service Rat, bug, and fungus — poisons usually contain highly dangerous 9.3 in 1950 —a redtiction of 8 percent from Marine chemicals. the year before. Railroad and Terminals CLEANERS CALLED RISK The accident severity rate for all indus- Caustic cleaners—ammonia, lye, wash- tries reporting to the Council, based on the ing soda, and trisodium phosphate cause number of days lost per 1,000 man-hours, Division Award For dangerous membrane burns when taken in- was .94 last year—also a reduction of 8 per- DISABLING INJURIES NO ternally. cent from 1949. September BUILDING DIVISION

MUNICIPAL DIVISION Disabling Injuries per 1,000,000 Man-Hours Worked SEPTEMBER 1951 (Frequency Rate) COMMISSARY DIVISION

Civil Affairs Bureau GROUNDS MAINTENANCE DIVISION Community Services Bureau 4

Supply and Service Bureau 5 AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR Engineering and Construction Bureau 5 This month) It Motor Transportation 5 Panama Canal Co. C. Z. Gov't ^M^H—l

Gov't (1951 to Dale) it; Electric al 4 Panama Canal Co. C. Z. ^^^^" Municipal 4 Panama Canal Co. C. Z. Gov't (Best Year) 17 ^^^^' 18 Grounds Maintenance 4 Health Bureau M^^m:i 19 IHH^ Railroad 3 Marine Bureau 20 ^^^^^HHB— Dredging 3 Industrial Bureau 33 Sanitation 3 Railroad and Terminals Bureau ^^^^^™^^^^^=S

Storehouses _ 3 10 20 30 40 50 60 703 Locks 2

Clubhouses 2 Number of Disabling Injuries 40 Man-Hours Worked 2,821,913 Building 2 LEGEND Commissary 1

Hospitalization and Clinics 1 ' ' Amount Better Than Panama Canal Company—Canal Zone Government Best Year Terminals Navigation ==EI Amount Worse Than Panama Canal Company— Canal Zone Government Best Year THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951

THE PERMANENT collection of the Canal Zone Museum has recently Hospital recall that the model was displayed for many years in the hospital's been increased by the addition of the model, above, of old Ancon Hospital. library, until the library became crowded and the model was removed to make Its origin has been lost with the years, but long-time employees of Gorgas wav for technical books. The model was reconditioned by students in La Boca.

Lake watershed; a collection from the and Mrs. George Lowe from General Canal Zone Museum San Bias Islands; relics from the renova- Goethals "on S. S. Advance to test the tion of the White House, Washington; Canal," on August 9, 1914, as well as —A Progress Report cannon balls found near Las Cruces ceme- early Canal employee's metal check iden- tery; and three rifles used in Panama's tifications, Society of the Chagres memen- Revolution for Independence. tos, and a Roosevelt Medal, sent to the The Canal Zone Museum, now in its Patron-donors include: The Panama Museum by Jack E. Pearson of Gatun. second year and growing fast, occupies Canal Society of Florida; the Commission The glass-doored display shelves in the the first-floor lobby of the Civil Affairs on Renovation of the Executive Mansion, left wing of the lobby now are showing a Building and overflows into the rotunda The White House, Washington; the Pan- group of reproductions from famous art- overlooking the Air Field. The original ama Society for Advancement of Archae- ists which were given to the Library collection, the property of The Panama ology and Natural Sciences; Maj. Gen. recently by Christopher C. Bennett. Canal for many years, was transferred George W. Rice, Health Director; Philip from the Administration Building late in Work For The Future L. Dade; Fritz Marti; B. T. Carr; Miss 1950. It included beautiful scale models There is still much work to be done. Dora Ponevacs; James L. Price; Mrs. of Canal construction equipment—sea- The brief descriptive notes included with Donald T. Baker; John Gough, and others. going dredges, a locomotive and tender, each article in the permanent Museum Items still under repair, or awaiting a track shifter and flatcars; many relics Collection are to be expanded eventually completion of suitable display cases, in- from the French Company; and several to include a short history of each Con- clude a large stone metate presented to items, including a ruler and level which struction item, and its significance in the the Museum by Ernst Erbe on his retire- were the property of G. M. Totten, Chief long job of building the Canal. This ment; a relief map of Venezuela presented Engineer of the Panama Railroad Com- work, which must be done by the Li- to the Library-Museum by the Inter- pany in 1855. These articles plus the 24- brary's research specialists, is necessarily American Geodetic Survey; a collection foot foam rubber relief map of the Canal, long and must be worked in with other of articles from the Darien, including a which was prepared under the direction duties. A large plaster-of-paris relief map nine-foot blow gun, an indefinite loan of the Special Engineering Division, showing the plan of the projected Canal, from James L. Price; and a Balboa Base- formed the nucleus of the collection. made in 1909, which had been gathering ball League loving cup presented to A. C. Late in 1950 several cases of stuffed dust in the old License Bureau Building Garlington, pitcher, 1917-18, sent to local animals and birds were moved from on the Prado, has now been washed clean, the Museum by Mr. Garlington's co- the La Boca Occupational High School, but must be mended with plaster and re- workers in the Electrical Division. where they had been stored for many painted with oil paint in the newly- These items, which for the most part years, for addition to the Museum. After mended spots. This work will be done awaiting the conversion of one of the careful selection, treating, and rearrang- are by the members of the Library Staff on large lobby benches into an exhibit case, ing, the best preserved specimens were week ends, when they may put on old will be placed on display within the next placed in glass exhibit cases in the Civil clothes and be repairmen for a while. few weeks. Under present plans, three of Affairs Building lobby. Both Dr. James Among the many who have visited the these massive benches will be made into Zetek and Dr. Graham Bell Fairchild, young museum during the past year are cases. The sides as well as the bases, well-known scientists on the Isthmus, as groups of students from the Canal Zone which house outlets for the air condition- well as several other enthusiasts, visited schools and from the neighboring Repub- ing system, are of wood, while locked the collection and helped the Library lic of Panama, visitors, new employees sliding glass doors will protect museum Staff in its choice of scientific and local who find that the large relief map assists articles from dust and careless handling. names for the animals. them in their early orientation, and hun- Many Donations From Patrons Temporary Exhibits Give Variety dreds of Zonians who long have shown Soon gifts from interested patrons aug- One lighted exhibit case and two glass- interest in the history of the Isthmus. As mented the collection. As rapidly as doored mahogany shelves are used by the a supplementary service the Library has suitable exhibit cases could be prepared Library staff for constantly changing ex- prepared for free distribution a mimeo- for them, or suitable table stands be hibits. They house temporarily materials graphed annotated list of about 25 selec- made, these were added to the displays. from the Library's Panama Collection, as ted titles from the Library's Panama These gifts included a collection of arti- well as other rare books and maps, and Collection which best cover the history facts and ceramics from the Venado Beach are planned for highlighting the many of the Canal and of the Isthmus. This is area; an American flag used during Con- loans which the Library receives from in- available at the Library's Circulation struction days; native water jars and filt- terested patrons, who do not wish for Desk in the second-floor reading room. ers; a Belgian percussion double-barreled personal reasons to present their treasures The Canal Zone Museum, together pistol manufactured about 1850 and to the Museum permanently but are with the Library, a function of the Civil found in a cave at Fort San Lorenzo; a eager to share them for a time. The most Affairs Bureau, is under the direction of collection of shells, fossils, and minerals recent displays have been a group of the Canal Zone Librarian, who is avail- of this area; a scale model of Ancon Hos- photographs of early hospital days lent able at any time during working hours pital; a relief map of the Canal Zone as by Mrs. V. F. Jacobs and the current for consultation concerning possible gifts

it appeared in 1906; another of the Gatun display which includes a pass from Mr. to the Museum. :

November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Official Panama Canal Company Publication

Published Monthly at BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE

Printed by the Panama Canal Pres$ Mount Hope, Canal Zone

F. K. NEWCOMER Governor

HERBERT D. VOGEL Lieutenant Governor

E. C. LOMBARD Executive Secretary

J. RUFUS HARDY Editor LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Letters containing inquiries, sugges- tions, criticisms or opinions of a general nature will be accepted. In all cases possible, letters to The Review will be answered individually. Those of sufficient general interest will be published in this paper. Letters must be authen- tic and be signed although signatures NEW EMPLOYEES, and older ones, too, are all benefiting from a new manual ofjjnformation, will not be published unless requested Living and Working in the Canal Zone, which has been prepared by the Personnel Bureau in coopera- and names of authors will be kept con- tion with other offices of the Panama Canal Company and Canal Zone Government. Edward A. Doolan, fidential. Return address should be Personnel Director, and Charles A. Dubbs, Training Officer, look over one of the second printing, in the given but The Review will not under- hands of E. C. Cotton of the Panama Canal Press where the booklet was published. take to return correspondence of any nature.

SUBSCRIPTIONS Sailing schedules of the three Pan- The use of cash was extended Novem- ama Line ships were upset by the ber 1 to three more Panama Canal com- Yearly subscriptions to The unauthorized longshoreman's strike missaries: Gatun, Cocoli, and Pedro Panama Canal Review to any which tied up New York harbor late Miguel. last month. All commissaries eventually will go address in the Postal Union: on the cash system, the dates of the The SS "Panama" was delayed five change-overs depending on the arrival days in her sailing from New York, $1.00 cash registers. leaving on October 22 with 70 of the necessary finally commissary has been operat- Postal money orders should be passengers and practically no cargo Ancon ing a cash system since last March. aboard. The advance passenger list on made payable to the Treasurer, Pan- been used in the Curundu indicated that 113 persons were to have Cash has commissary since June. ama Canal Company, and mailed sailed. to the Editor, The Panama Canal Northbound sailingof the SS"Ancon" was also delayed, this ship leaving Cris- Z. of organized employee groups Review, Balboa Heights, C. tobal northbound on October 21, two Members on the Canal Zone are planning a gala wel- days late. At the time of sailing, her this month for Representative Daniel destination was indefinite, with plans come A. Reed of New York, sponsor of the Reed SINGLE COPIES made to put her into Philadelphia, Bill which killed retroactive income tax for Norfolk or Baltimore if the strike was The Panama Canal Review is on the Canal Zone. still in effect in New York. But with Congressman and his wife are due sale at all Panama Canal Company the spread southward of the strike, this The an 18-day visit to the plan was abandoned and the ship put November 26 for Clubhouses, Commissaries, and Canal Zone. into Charleston, S.C., to discharge pas- member of the Congress since 1918, Hotels for ten days after publication sengers, mail, and bananas. A Representative Reed is the ranking Repub- SS "Cristobal" meanwhile, was date for: The lican member of the House Ways and Means held at her berth in New York. She Committee. It is estimated that the Reed 5 Cents a Copy arrived two days after the strike had Bill saved Canal employees at least Single copies after the close of broke out. $2,750,000 in back taxes. general sales and individual copies Pay raises have been made effective, or mail will be within the near future, for practi- by Two changes have been made in rent- cally all employees of the Panama Canal 10 Cents Each als for Company quarters. Rental in- Company and the Canal Zone Government. creasesfornon-employee tenants, which Zonians, however, will be affected by the Back copies of The Review, when were to have gone into effect November higher income tax rates, which according to 1, have been deferred to an indefinite available, may be bought from the recent legislation, are effective November 1. date. Just prior to its adjournment October 20, Vault Clerk, Third Floor, Adminis- Rental rates for quarters occupied by Congress voted a 10 percent increase, with Company or Government employees tration Building, Balboa Heights, a $300 floor and an $800 ceiling, for classi- will be computed to the nearest cent fied employees, of whom approximately Canal Zone. No copies of the first instead of to the nearest 50 cents up- 2.000 are in the Company-Government serv- ward when rent is collected on a weekly issue are available for sale. ice. Another bill brought a similar raise for basis beginning with paychecks to be postal employees and a third provided sim- received November 6. SPECIAL BINDERS ilar increases for policemen, firemen, and teachers. All of these raises are retroactive for the to July 1. visiting PANAMA CANAL REVIEW On October 14, following the quarterly Non-residents of the Pacific side, rates in the Canal organiza- Balboa Heights for the first time in a couple are available at the larger review of crafts based on naval shipyard rates, in- of months, will find a vacant space up the Clubhouses tion, Commissaries and creases of from one to six cents an hour hill from the Administration Building. for were put into effect. There are about Razing of the two official houses which 1,200 crafts employees in the organization. stood in this location for 36 years is practi- 50 cts. EACH On November 4, pay raises of two cents cally completed. Both of the old houses had about 14,000 local been brought in from Culebra and for more Specially made binders of genuine an hour go into effect for Corresponding increases than 25 years one was assigned to the Exec- leather mav be ordered direct from rate employees. those not in the graded utive Secretary and the other to the Chief the Panama Canal Press for $7.00 will be made for deckhands, and Quartermaster. The most recent occupants each, and imitation leather binders wage scale, such as teachers, new local-rate pay scale of the two houses were Edward N. Stokes, may be ordered direct from the Press boatswains. The range from a minimum of 33 cents to a Railroad and Terminals Director, and for $2.50. Both of the special kinds will hour. The new pay raises Arnold Bruckner, Finance Director. of binders come with your name top of $1.47 per relation to within-grade promotions The cleared area will be occupied by new imprinted in gold leaf. have no made annually for local rate workers. official quarters. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951 Canal's Motor Transportation Division Replacing Worn-Out Official Vehicles

An. \ chicle replacement pro- quires, on established tariff rates which Mr. Everson has two major jobs which, gram is under way in the Panama Canal are reviewed and revised from time to time. on the surface, are contradictory. ' His Company's Motor Transportation Divi- There are now more of these MTD MTD position requires that he keep sion, but the resultant change will be al- special-purpose vehicles in service than transportation operating. On the other most unnoticed by the average Zonian. ever before on the Canal Zone, Mr. Ever- hand, he is Mileage Administrator, and as If funds are approved as they are now son pointed out the other day. such he must keep to a minimum the set up, the MTD's fleet of approximately mileage of the official vehicles, especially "It is the practice of the Motor Trans- 800 vehicles within three to four years will on the Trans-Isthmian highway. The high- portation Division," he said, "to purchase be "up to standard and of the proper aver- way is used by such vehicles as tractor- and operate the best type of equipment age age, as is the practice in commercial trucks which haul mash from breweries in for each job, as far as is reasonable and companies in the United States," accord- Panama City to the Mindi Dairy, by re- proper. At present, special type vehicles ing to B. I. Everson, Superintendent of frigerated trailers which make deliveries are used for garbage collection, wrecking the Division. from the Cold Storage plant at Mount service, trash collection, etc. The replacement program began in the Hope to the various line stores, and by a fiscal year 1950, with the expenditure of "The Electrical Division is now sup- number of other vehicles on more or less $225,000 to replace over-age vehicles. In plied with special-duty trucks for the use regular runs. 1951, $325,000 was allocated for new ve- of their linemen and cablesplicers and Organized in 1921, the Motor Trans- hicles and the last of the vehicles purchased plans call for special type trucks for tele- portation Division was originally called under this requisition has only recently phone repairmen. Special purpose vehi- the "Animal and Motor Transportation been received on the Isthmus. cles have recently been assigned to the Division." That is why the two main During the current fiscal year, the Municipal Division for their engineering shops are commonly known as "corrals." Motor Transportation Division will re- and surveying parties." Force Totals 537 Employees ceive 73 new vehicles at a total cost of Until recent years, the Motor Trans- The Division is now part of the Supply about $200,000. portation Division had no funds, other and Service Bureau. It operates the two Among the vehicles on order for this than those accumulated from "deprecia- large garages at Ancon, on Gaillard High- year are six sedans, which most people tion accruals," with which to replace way, and Mount Hope, not far from Silver consider the only type of official cars in over-age vehicles in the motor fleet. As a a spe- City. There are four other, smaller ga- use, three cablesplicers, 24 pickups, result many of the vehicles still operating rages at Gamboa, Cocoli, Pedro Miguel, cial surveyor vehicle, and two of the huge are long past their economical age. and Gatun. In October of this year, the garbage load packers, which cost over Inflation Jumps Prices $12,000 apiece, as well as other assorted Division's force totaled 537 employees, of This replacement through accrued de- vehicles for various purposes. whom 133 were on the U. S.-rate rolls. preciation worked satisfactorily in normal Bureau of the Budget requirements, Of this latter group 60 were the chauf- times, but not in periods of inflation. Of Mr. Everson explained, call for retirement feurs who handle all of the Division's recent years, the MTD has found that a of the smaller vehicles, such as the sedans, heavy equipment. vehicle would build up depreciation funds when they are six years old or have run totaling $1,000, which equalled the origi- Last August, 296 of the Motor Trans- 60,000 miles. Large and heavier vehicles nal purchase price. But when time came portation Division chauffeurs won awards may be operated six to ten or more years, to replace the vehicle in question, the pur- for driving one to five years without provided they are in good condition. chase price had jumped over 100 percent. accidents. A total of 3,760,176 miles was There is a longer life-span for less fre- driven without accident or conviction for Now, under the reorganization, funds quently-used vehicles and a much shorter traffic violations. This averaged more period for the heavily used cars. can be made available by the Company's than 1 1 ,000 miles of safe driving for every Board of Directors, to make up this gap The Port Captain's station wagons, chauffeur in the Division. which make at least two round trips between the funds accrued and the pur- Every Division has its heroes, sung and across the Isthmus nightly, have a usable chase cost of the new vehicles. unsung, and the Motor Transportation life of only about three years. Since July 1949 a program of preven- Division has one to whom a monument tive maintenance has been in effect at the "Owns" All Official Vehicles was erected. This is the Richard T. Per- MTD. Vehicles which have been used for With the exception of Police and Fire rott Memorial, on Balboa Road just be- approximately two years are removed Division vehicles, Health Bureau ambu- low the Balboa Union Church. Perrott from service and given a thorough engine lances and hearses, and a few special pur- was killed on a Sunday morning, Febru- overhaul, a brake overhaul, and necessary pose vehicles (heavy cranes, etc.) used by ary S, 1920, when the brakes on his ice- body repairs. other Divisions, every official vehicle used truck gave way. The truck plunged down by the Panama Canal Company and the As a result of this plan, Mr. Everson San Pablo Street, out of control, and Canal Zone Government "belongs" to the said, the MTD fleet is now in better over- Perrott ran it into a curb to keep from Motor Transportation Division. all condition than for the past ten years. striking a woman and three small children This MTD motor fleet is "rented" out The vehicles spend less time in the repair who were on their way to Sunday school. to the divisions needing such transporta- shop and the number of pool, or standby, The memorial, on which a wreath is placed tion, on an hourly, monthly, mileage, or vehicles has been reduced. The using each Decoration Day, was erected "by actual cost plus overhead basis, with or units benefit considerably and increase the school children of this Community without chauffeur, as the situation re- efficient use of their transportation. and other friends."

iV ' -.

T1IK OLD: Horsedrawn vehicles were an important part of the Animal and AND THE NEW: Thirty years have brought changes to the MTD. The Motor Transportation Division when it was set up. Stables were then as much Animal part of its title has long since been dropped although the main shops like a part of the division's buildings as facilities for motor vehicles. Ancon (above) are still known familiarly to old and not so old timers as Corrals. !

November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

cabinetmaking in night school. Teaching, Learning, Mean Busy Life Recently they reconditioned the old model of Ancon Hospital which is on For Longtime C. Z. Cabinetmaker display at the Civil Affairs Building. This job won a commendation from Col. Rich- doesn't the first Emile Benjamin have ardson Selee, Civil Affairs Director. penny he ever earned, but he does have Mr. Ben is married and lives in Panama the first carpenter's tool he ever bought. City. One of his sons, whom he himself And he still uses that sturdy chisel he taught and then apprenticed to a crafts- purchased years ago. many man in Panama, has a good job with the "Mr. Ben," as he is known to all of Building Division friends at the his and his students La His free evenings Mr. Ben no longer as Boca Junior and Senior High School— devotes to cabinetmaking as a hobby. well as those who study cabinetmaking Occasionally some years ago, he used to in night classes has one over- with him — do a little private, after-hours work. But craftsmen, whelming pride. Like all real his days and evenings, too, are full now. he values the tools of his trade over any- School teaching is a 24-hour job, Mr. Ben he thing else. He will lend any money figures, what with planning ahead and never may happen to have; his tools are ordering materials. But it's all part of lent to anyone. the educational process and Mr. Ben con- big, tool occupies His metal-bound box siders that he still has a lot to learn. a place of honor, in a room which can be locked, in the airy workshop under the La Boca Junior High School. Many of Anniversaries the tools he made himself. One of his favorites is a screwdriver Employees who observed important anni- with a handle of orange wood, from a tree versaries in the United States Government the from a grove which once stood where service during the month of October art' Governor's house is now located. Other listed alphabetically below. The number of with items of special pride are beautifully-made years includes all Government service, the Canal or other agencies. Those with wooden planes. Some of them are for continuous Canal or Railroad service are for molding, some for beading, and others indicated by (*). special jobs. 40 Years Mr. Ben firmly believes that no one George E. Matthew, Chief Hydrog- ever knows enough about his trade and rapher, Meteorological and Hydrographic he has managed to communicate some of Branch. 35 Years this belief to the 45 Senior and Junior EMILE BF.X.JAMIX Charles F. Stevens, Fire Lieutenant, High School pupils and the 20 or so Pedro Miguel Station. adults he teaches. concern, he learned to sharpen saws 30 Years Came To Zone In 1906 properly—but he used up three in the William H. Casswell, Fire Captain, A good part of Mr. Ben's skill and en- process of learning Cristobal Station. Kathleen T. Baxter, Teacher, Ancon thusiasm he credits to his first teacher, a Later, Mr. Ben learned to read blue- Elementary School. Mr. Wellington from London, who migra- prints and diagrams and for five years, Clara E. Neville, Cleric-Stenographer, ted to St. Lucia in the West Indies where with no grade under an 85, he took a Law Division. August T. Schmidt, Administrative Mr. Ben was born August 11, 1887. correspondence course in contracting and Assistant, Supply and Service Bureau. "The only thing he couldn't do," Mr. building and engineering mathematics 25 Years Ben remarks, "was to put life into a and drafting. Since then he has com- Antonio Orsini, Surveying and Carto- wooden bird he had carved and to make pleted a dozen extension courses, among graphic Engineer (Supervisor), Surveys it fly." them Educational Psychology and Teach- Branch. Mr. Ben had worked six years with his ing Technique, at the La Boca Junior Archie W. French, Jr., Electrical Wel- British teacher when other Saint Lucians College. der, Building Division. returned from Panama with stories of the John T Dillon, Dipper Dredge Engineer, Before he went to the Schools Division Dredging Division. building of a Canal. Mr. Ben paid his in 1933—he was on a three-month trial Whitman P. Garrett, Policeman, Gatun own way to Panama on the Royal Mail and is still there—he had worked on about Station. Packet Trent, and got a job at once, 20 Years every important carpentry job in the building a hotel in Gorgona. This was Russell L. Gallaher, Accounting Clerk, Canal Zone. Woodwork in the Hotel April 1906. Municipal Division. Tivoli dining room is his; so are the *Bernardine LI. Hanna, Teacher, Ancon He could handle tools—that was what beautiful balustrades on the staircases in Elementary School. he had worked six years to learn—but he the Administration Building. He helped *Jeanne E. Brown, Teacher, Cristobal wanted to know how to care for them. High School. with the carpentry at the Colon and Pan- the tutelage of an American fore- Florence A. Lamson, Teacher, Cristo- Under in ama Railroad stations, the woodwork tobal Elementary School. man and with the aid of instructions from the Balboa commissary and the first con- *Cyrus W. Field, Master Shipfitter, In- a nationally-known tool manufacturing crete quarters in Balboa. He helped to dustrial Bureau. James C. Slade, Plant Engineer, Com- install, and later keep in repair, bowling missary Division. RETIREMENTS alleys from Balboa to Fort Sherman and John C. Harrison, Chief Towboat Engi- IN OCTOBER ran the sawmill for all the Fort Amador neer, Dredging Division. barracks. Richard J. Koperski, Storekeeper, Div- ision of Storehouses. Employees who retired at the end of Helped Rebuild Governor's House Howard J. Shearer, Timekeeper, Motor October, their birthplaces, titles, length of Transportation Division. retirement, and their future One of his most interesting jobs was service at 15 Years addresses are: the re-erection of the Governor's house. Iowa, Cashier, William L. Brooks, Accounting Clerk, Mrs. Anna J. Japs, Once occupied by Colonel Goethals at Commissary Division; 55 years and 6 days; Electrical Division. Culebra, the house was taken down in Policeman, Cristobal Canal Zone. Charles L. Green, Paul A. Pearson, Illinois, Guard Super- sections which were moved by flat car Station. Frederick E. Knox, Foreman Carpenter, visor, Dredging Division; 34 years, 1 month, and muledrawn carts to its present loca- Petersburg, Fla. Railroad Division. and 9 days; St. tion in Balboa Heights. There it was re- Capt. Samuel Roe, Indiana, Senior De- Thorwald H. Forsstrom, Chief Marine assembled, repaired, and put up. Dispatcher, Cristobal. tective, Cristobal; 38 years, 8 months, and "Joseph H. Orr, Jr., Storekeeper, Divi- 1 day; Canal Zone. Mr. Ben is prouder of the work done Elec- sion of Storehouses. Joseph A. Snyder, Pennsylvania, of his own. "A good by his students than Cecilia E. Wensing, Nurse, Gorgas trical Foreman, Cristobal; 16 years, 2 many boys who studied here are holding Hospital. months, and 1 day; Livingston, N. J. of Turner, Library Assistant, Li- J. R. Williams, Indiana, Governmental good jobs all over the Isthmus, many Ruth L. Section. Systems Accountant; 42 years, 5 months, their jobs far more important than mine," brarv Finance Petersburg, Fla. Mary W. Ewing, Payroll Clerk, and 17 days; St. he says. He has 14 twelfth-graders three Robert T. Toone, Tennessee; Property Bureau. hours a day, 31 ninth-grade students an Genis, Commissary Mana- Officer, Administrative Branch; 32 years, Clement J. 4 months, \5yi days; Texas. hour a day, and about 20 working on ger, Margarita. —

10 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951 Piloting Ships Through Panama Canal Requires Skillful, Precise Handling

strain on the towing locomotives would have been too great and unnecessary wear and tear caused both to locomotive machinery and wires.) The Parismina was loaded with 68,000 stems of bananas, a bulky but not a heavy cargo, and the water rushing from the lock culverts caused her to rock slightly as she rose. Radio Sets Provide Contact

While she was still moving up in the chamber a handline was tossed aboard and a portable radio receiving and send- ing set was hauled from the lock wall to the ship. This was to replace the radio brought aboard earlier, which was not working properly. These radios, operating on a special wave length, enable a pilot to keep in touch with his dispatcher and with other ships. Over them he can

receive orders if visibility is so bad he cannot see the navigation signals. At 10:45 the two forward towing locomotives—they tow, the center pair tow or brake as the need be, and the last pair brake—had reached the end of their run along the two chambers, a signal was sounded on the Parismina's whistle, the CARRIERS LIKE the U. S. S. Randolph, above, have five pilots aboard when they transit the lines were cast off and the Parismina Canal. The pilot-in-eharge remains on the ship's bridge; the others, one at each corner of the flignt- started the 0.85-mile crossing of Mira- deck. The two forward pilots help guide the carrier, which has very little clearance, into the locks; the flores Lake. two aft pilots try to prevent her from scraping or touching as she leaves the lock chambers. The Dona Alicia, No. 4 northbound, had been ordered into the Pedro Miguel Telephones ring as early as 3:30 o'clock rush out. In addition the fresh water is west chamber, so Captain Boyd, in an- some mornings for Panama Canal pilots. lighter than the sea water. This all tends swer to the signal of the arrow, swung the The calls are the pilots' advance notice to set up a strong current in the jaws of Parismina over to the lock's east cham- that they are about to go to work. the lock and presents a handling problem ber. Another half hour, more or less, and, Captain Robert F. Boyd was lucky one to even the most maneuverable vessel. with a tricky and sudden south wind, he day last month. His telephone didn't ring Suction Pulls Water Down started the Fruit ship into the 6.7-mile until 6:30 o'clock. He would be picked long Cut, the narrowest stretch of the up in half an hour, the dispatcher told When a ship leaves the locks, suction Canal. him. He was to go to the outer anchorage caused by the ship itself pulls water down In the Cut, Captain Boyd held the where he would board the United Fruit from the sides of the locks as the ship Parismina down to the prescribed six Company's Parismina, which was en begins to move ahead. This forces the knots, watching for the signals on the route from Seattle to New York. The ship's stern to "go for the wall" and care- three stations where sharp bends obscure 7,067 gross ton ship, 455 feet in length, ful rudder and engine movements are the view ahead. At each, however, he was to go through the Canal and would needed to keep the ship moving straight found the cone and ball on the east yard- dock at Cristobal. The Parismina would ahead and off the wall. And in the nar- arm, which meant that he could go ahead. be No. 5 on the northbound schedule. rowest reaches of the Canal, especially in (At night a red light over a white one The sea "outside" was rough, and for a the Cut, the moving ship pulls water would have been the proceed signal, and time it looked as if boarding would have to down from the bank and sets up hard-to- in heavy rain or fog he would have got- be done by tug. But the weather calmed deal-with currents. ten the order by radio.) down and the pilot was able to board As Captain Boyd and the Parismina from a launch. By 9:15 the sleek, white neared Miraflores, he gave the order to "W" Means "Whistle" stop the ship's engines. ship was sliding through the Balboa basin. The officer on Before the sharpest turns, great white- watch sent the order to the engine There are a number of critical points room painted "W's" have been set on the bank. via the telegraph on the bridge, for any pilot on a transit through the repeating These mean "whistle," to warn any on- Canal; the order as he worked the telegraph. the sea side entrance of the first coming ships. Meeting in the Cut is per- Captain Boyd maneuvered the Fruit ship lock, entering and leaving all locks, the mitted ships of ordinary size (not for up to the west chamber to the big locks themselves, and the Cut. And the which carriers, loaded oreships, or unusually reason is, arrow on the end of the approach wall in general, the same: currents. large vessels) but it is controlled so that had directed him. At exactly 10:02 the When the sea-level lock gates at Mira- ships do not meet at the sharp bends. ship's bow slid past the arrow. This set flores and Gatun are opened, salt sea No ship can overtake or pass another in the official time for entering the locks water tends to rush into the lock chamber the length of the Cut. and force the fresh water in the lock to the time which was recorded in the ship's log and on the board at the Balboa dis- For about five years after the Canal patcher's office. Both lock and channel pilots were opened, pilots were required to wear used As the Parismina is in the 350- 500-foot when the Canal first opened but uniforms. The first ones were of cream class, she called for six locomotives, three this practice was discontinued after a colored Palm Beach cloth, made like few years. on each side. They were waiting on the In May 1914, before the a Navy uniform with a stiff, standing lock wall. Lines were tossed to the 13- Canal was opened to traffic, enough collar fastened with hooks and eyes. man Canal crew, which had gone aboard applications were on hand to more Brass buttons down the front of the in the Balboa basin, and a hand signal than fill the complement of 18 which jacket bore the letters "C. P." and the from the pilot after both bow wires were was set up, and by the following month visored cap had an open wreath insig- aboard and the ship was partly in the eight channel pilots were training. In nia surrounding the word "Pilot." No chamber indicated that the locomotives October 1914, traffic had increased to pilot in uniform was permitted to enter could start to tow. (Going from one such a degree that the pilot force was a bar or any other place where liquor chamber to the next, this initial move is increased to 24. was sold. aided by the ship's engines; otherwise the November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 11

Meeting ships head directly for each Lake, and Captain Boyd could see Gatun other; a few hundred feet from the meet- Locks, still three miles ahead. For early ing point each eases over to her starboard northbound ships, Gatun Locks are usu- side, the bow swings out sharply as the ally the bottleneck of the transit, just as ships pass and the stern keeps pulling Pedro Miguel Locks are for the first of toward the bank. Each pilot must act the southbound vessels. Late-comers may quickly to work his ship against currents still be locking up, and those completing set up by his own and the other ship, in the transit must wait. addition to watching for the bank suction Captain Boyd and the Parismina were which tends to pull the stern onto the moderately lucky. No. 3 northbound, a near bank. lumber ship, was just pulling into the east The Parismina met two ships in the side of Gatun. The Dona Alicia, which Cut. One of them was another United had been ahead of the Parismina all the Fruit craft, the Hibueras, and each of the way through, was signalled into the west Fruit ships set up a great greeting din chamber. Captain Boyd was reasonably with its whistle. sure that the use of both sides at Gatun A huge waterfall spilled down the east meant that the southbound traffic had bank of Empire Reach and on the west cleared for the day and that the wait bank hydraulic sluicing sent spray high would not be long. into the air. Down Lockage Begins Past Gamboa and into the channel, which had widened to 500 feet, Captain Following instructions relayed by the Boyd opened the Parismina up. In the arrow signal, he brought the Parismina 500-foot Gamboa Reach, a ship's speed up to the center approach wall and tied can be increased to as high as 10 knots; her up. For the next 45 minutes he could in San Pablo Reach, beyond Gamboa stretch out in a deck chair, the first time where the channel is 800 feet wide, the he had been off his feet during the entire speed can rise to 12 knots, and in the transit. He had even eaten his lunch 1,000-foot-wide winding channel which from a tray, while he was standing. follows the old bed of the Chagres River Soon after 3:00 o'clock the preceding through Gatun Lake, Captain Boyd could ship's locomotives started back to pick get up to 15 knots. up the Fruit ship. Her engines were HAXD SIGNALS are most frequently used'by started, her rudder thrown hard over to Canal transit. Experi- Pilots Don't Steer pilots as they direct a ship's bring her away from the lock wall and at enced travelers have expressed surprise at the little People who have lived on the Isthmus 3:15 p. m. she began to move into the conversation necessary between pilot and the lock or dock personnel. But a megaphone, like that which for years and who have seen countless first chamber. The 86-foot lockage down, Pilot Robert Boyd is holding, comes in handy'. from ships go through the Canal, still think in the three chambers was uneventful and time to time. that a pilot actually handles the wheel of took just 55 minutes. In the center cham-

the ship. He never touches it, as a wheels- ber, while the ship was dropping, the man cannot see enough of the ship to pilot received, by handline from the lock which said: "My engines are going full handle her. Instead, the pilot gives his wall, his docking orders. They are writ- astern." To a landlubber that meant orders to the able seaman or quarter- ten to prevent any confusion—written in that he had the ship braked as much as master on duty. These men stand shifts numerals and letters, then spelled out: he could. of two hours each at the wheel and each He was to go to 6-C, or Six Charley. But the operator of the small craft repeats the pilot's order as it is given, to Down the last stretch of the Canal the appeared to be completely oblivious to prevent error. Parismina moved into Limon Bay. About the danger of being rammed by the Par- An officer is also on duty in the wheel- 4:30 the tug Alhajuela, with her gaily- ismina or ramming her. He continued on house and he answers the pilot's order for shirted Master, came alongside and got his course, those aboard his boat waving engine movements as he rings these orders ready to assist her into her berth. to the Fruit ship. to the engine room by the ship's telegraph. When the Parismina was only half a Half an hour too late for Captain Boyd The Parismina's bridge also had tele- length from the end of the pier, a small to catch the 4:30 train back to Balboa, phone connections to the engine room. harbor craft began to cut across her bow, the Parismina was tied up and the pilot By Canal regulations, the ship's master, between ship and pier. For a moment it had finished another transit. Dinner at in this case Captain Carl Christiansen, was touch-and-go. The boat showed no the Hotel Washington (pilots are allowed remains on the bridge when his ship is in sign of turning from her path. Captain $2 for dinner when they are on duty) and the locks, the Cut, or when it is docking. Boyd ordered both the Parismina's en- a trip back across the Isthmus by car At 1:40 p. m., the Parismina eased gines half speed astern and then, a second (two station wagons run; one at 7:30, the around the last bend in the crooked, later, full speed astern. He grabbed for other at midnight; later comers can spend island-bordered channel through the the whistle and blew three sharp blasts, the rest of the night at the hotel but most prefer to take a special car trip if transportation is available) and the pilot was home by 9:00 o'clock. It had been a 15- hour day, short in comparison with some and considerably shorter than during locks overhaul when a transit may take 18 to 22 houi-s. Ordinarily pilots work only alternate days; each has one certain "no work" day each week.

Capt. Boyd Is Young Pilot

Captain Boyd is one of the youngest in years, 2S, and in service, 2, of the Pan- ama Canal's 77 pilots. He served as Third, Second, and Chief Officer in the Army Transport Services during the war (part of the time he was aboard the Cris- tobal) and as Third and Chief Officer of the Cristobal after the war. Like all applicants for jobs with the Canal, he holds an unlimited master's license and served for over a year as master of the MV San Pablo, a small Fruit ship which operated regularly through the Canal for a time. TWO PILOTS are required for ships the size of the 712-foot Georgic, shown here in Gaillard Cut. In his two the Canal, he has One pilot alone would not have sufficient risibility to handle a ship of this size and would exhaust himself years with racing from side to side of its bridge. The Georgic is 27,468 gross tons and has a beam of 82 feet. made over 300 transits, (.See page 20) !

12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951

2%& £%& 2%$- TIME IS FLYING!

We Are All Counting

*fcr ^sf $t£ The Days to Christmas

* *

Shopping will be a pleasure if you go to your favorite Clubhouse Record Section and browse through our large selection of phonograph records. We have a wide choice of Christmas records, as well as records for children and adults—from bedtime stories to swing and symphony. We also have record storage albums that would make very suitable gifts. Your Christmas shopping problems will be solved by giving phonograph records—a gift that will give lasting pleasure throughout the year.

CHRISTMAS ALBUMS AVAILABLE SINGLE RECORDS AVAILABLE

78, 45, 33-1/3 rpm 78 and 45 rpm

"Carols for Christmas" CjjR/S^ "Christmas Carols by the Old Corral," ^ Tex Ritter "Merry Christmas" Bing Crosby "Jingle Bells" J. Mercer "Under the Christmas Tree" "Little Town of Bethlehem" by Jan Garber's Orchestra "Frosty the Snowman" "Christmas Greetings" Bing Crosby "Rudolph the Rednosed Reindeer" "Carols" by St. Luke's Choristers Crosby "Christmas" Ethel Smith, "Christmas Music" "Silent Night" Fred Waring "Night Before Christmas" "The First Nowell" Fred Waring by Fibber McGee "White Christmas" by Crosby, Cavallaro and other artists "Twas the Night Before Christmas" "Santa Claus is coming to Town" by Fred Waring's Orchestra Bing Crosby "A Visit from St. Nicholas" "Joy to the World" "Christmas Cheer" Andrews Sisters "Hark, the Herald Angels Sing" "Music for Christmastide" "Santa's Toy Shop" by the Rome-Vatican Choir "Night Before Christmas" "Christmas Favorites" by Vic Damone by Arthur Godfrey and Frankie Lane "Hymns for Children"

"Christmas Music and Stories" Brahms "Lullaby" by Two-Ton Baker "Mother Goose Songs"

AND HUNDREDS OF OTHERS BY ALL POPULAR ARTISTS!

PRICES RANGE FROM 25c. UPWARD

WHERE ELSE CAN YOU GET SO MUCH PLEASURE FOR SO LITTLE?

* *

Incidentally, if we don't have your favorite record, complete one of the Request Slips at a

Clubhouse Record Section, and we'll make every attempt to obtain the record for you.

We also have a fine selection of seasonal sheet music and song folios featuring new and old

Christmas hymns and popular music. If you have a piano, you'll want some of these to amuse yourself and the children. November 2,1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 13

• ." ~ ' - *.*.. - . . .'/

BALBOA'S "BULLDOGS" are the largest and heaviest, per man, of the Jim Scogno, Jim Jones, Ray Nickisher, Dan Gresang, Everett Stacy, Bob Zone's school football squads. Twenty-six players have just returned from Coleson, Jerry Fox, Joe Oliver, Jim Fulton, Jim May, Bob Peacher, Dick Dill-

Miami where they put up a good, if losing fight to Miami Jackson's unde- man, Bob Glud, John Albritton, Tom Davidson, L. W. Hearn, Bill llnderwood, feated team. Left to right above are: Back row: Tom Jenkins, Francis Boyd, Manager Bill Yerkes; Front row: Manager Ray Tucker, Jerry Halman, Ken Andy Wright, Bill Riley, Frank Bryan, Dave Sundquist, Bob Carroll, Bob Knight, Bob Ranson, Dave Henderson, Ted Norrir, Bill Dawson, Charlie Morris, Bill Elton, Cleveland Soper, Ronnie McDonnell, Carl Meissner, Bill Smith, Walt Benny, Bill Fullerton, Frank Smith, Bob Dolan, Marc McKee, Altman, Charlie McConnell, Irwin Frank, Sam Maphis, Clair Godby, George Lambert Montovani, Lee Myers, Fred Cotton, Dick Ostrea; Sitting, Mascot Dansby, Coach Paul Dreska; Middle row: Coach John Fawcett, Manager Jeff Goodin.

° ' f • f §- %' & t. Vy f ''%*f *l*5 33.34 IB 13 II

COLLEGE'S "GREEN WAVE" is the smallest of the football squads. of the Junior College, Paul Karst, Assistant Coach, Jack Alexaitis, Wendell For at least half of the players this year is their first at football. Left to right Spreadbury, Richard Hopiak, Arturo Cermelli, William Stevenson, Henry they are: Front row: Charles Becktell, Alexander McKeown, James Neabrey, Phillips, Nick Gnrham, Nick Stokes, Jack Morton, Elias Entebi, Ralph Huls, Alfred Aleguas, George McArthur, Frank Robinson (Captain), William Ma- Robert Mower, Coach. Not pictured are: Tom Crawford, Roy Hohmann, loney, Bob Sievers, Jess Kruse, Manuel Roy; Back row: Roger Hackett, Dean Felix Larrinaga, Luis Tremblay, and Anton Pedersen.

CRISTOBAL'S "FIGHTING TIGERS" are the proud wearers of their row: Manager Robert De Estrada, Roland Lees, Charlie Thompson, Richard school's Blue and Gold. Left to right, Back row: Roy Wilson, Vernon Bryant, Sasso, Tony Dyer, Carl Tuttle, Donald Ponder, Robert Salter, Clifton Hay- Robert Blakeley, Paul Whitlock, Benny Favorite, Richard Reed, Tommy Sal- ward, John Roberts, Jimmy Custer, Manager Andy Frazer; Front row: Er- ter, Robert Bailey, Joe Katalina?, Walter Kuhrt, Tommy Hughes; Third row: nesto Penaranda, Robert Hodges, Kenneth Roscoe, Robert Connard, Mascot Head Coach Luke Palumbo, Leslie Rinehart, John Anderson, Robert Grace, Donald Humphreys, Antonio Collins, Bruce Sanders, Ted Englebright, John Robinson, Jack Katalinas, Arnold Manning, Theodore Chin, Ralph Will Price, Head Manager Jimmy Doyle. Reccia, Francisco Wong, Robert Orvis, Assistant Coach Paul Moser; Second 14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951 NEWS OF YOUR COMMISSARY STORES

WE DO NOT BUY "just eggs," even though you might

pay less for them if we did, because we tried that once and The EGG learned our lesson. Maybe you remember, too, the period in

which . . . . ?

and YOU We believe the "just eggs" of that period didn't please you any more than they pleased us.

AN EGG is NOT just an egg, any more than a customer is After the explanation, maybe you still believe the Com- just a customer. Both come in many sizes and varieties. missary should handle bigger or better eggs, even if they cost more, or "just eggs," which might cost less. Maybe you prefer the finest, largest eggs regardless of price or maybe you believe the Commissaries should handle Undoubtedly, eggs, like everything else these days, cost smaller or lower quality eggs at a lower price. more than we would like to have extracted from the family exchequer. In which case, we suggest that there may be To tell you about the eggs in the Commissary, what economizing possibilities in powdered whole eggs, which might quality they are, and why we buy them, we want to tell you be used without breaking up the family circle. first about eggs generally.

Even if there is a former GI in the family, powdered eggs Eggs are classed first as Specials, Extras, Standards, might be used—and without serious repercussions— in mix- Trades, Dirties, Checks, and Clots. tures such as pastries, meat loaf, codfish cakes, and puddings. Then they are graded as "Consumer AA," "A," "B," or They also work up into beautiful appearing custards although "C," according to the percentage of specials, extras, stand- the flavor is not the same as in custards made with whole eggs. ards, etc., in the lot. Powdered whole eggs cost 44 cents for an eight-ounce tin,

These grades are based primarily on freshness. The fresh- which is the equivalent of one-and-a-half dozen whole fresh ness is determined by the over-all care with which the egg is eggs. That makes the cost about 30 cents per dozen. handled, not the amount of time from the day it is laid by a hen in Missouri or Kentucky until it is purchased by the consumer. Turkey Talk

Eggs are also classified as "Extra Large" or "Jumbo,"

"Large," "Medium," or "Pullet" in size. A wholesale price differential of 30 cents a dozen between pullet and large eggs of the same quality is not unusual, and a differential of 10 cents to 15 cents a dozen is normal between storage and fresh eggs of the same size and type.

THE EGGS YOU BUY IN THE COMMISSARY are graded "Consumer Grade A, Fresh, Large."

These eggs are produced in specialized egg "factories" or large cooperatives near New York City with the result that they are less than two days old when delivered to the steam- ship.

When you buy them at your local commissary, they are well within the specifications for "fresh" eggs, are in excellent condition, and have had special and careful handling at every

point in shipment. The Commissary Division has had no TURKEYS, and plenty of them, are on hand in the Commissaries for for several years. storage eggs Thanksgiving dinners. Balboa butcher Castor Miller shows Mrs. Rodger Griffith one of the fine, big birds from his stock. Recently we have been able to buy on some occasions a few hundred cases of imported fresh eggs which were sold at There will be plenty of turkey and trimmings in the com- 70 to 75 cents a dozen. However, these eggs could not be missaries this month for the traditional Thanksgiving Day inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture as feast. the usual supply is, and the supply was limited, so the im- About 25,000 pounds of turkey—something like 2,500 ported eggs are not a very important part of the story about birds— have been ordered and started arriving about the first the EGG and YOU. of the month. The large size eggs now sold in the Commissaries sell for Included in this order are the high-quality eviscerated 95 cents a dozen, the medium size, 87 cents. Both are of turkeys which were popular with our customers last year. identical high quality. The holiday turkeys in the commissaries are all from the WE BUY THESE EGGS BECAUSE they are the best United States and are this year's crop and kill. that can be purchased regularly in commercial quantities. Then for the traditional trimmings, there will be the WE DO NOT BUY "Consumer AA" eggs or those of Commissary specialties of brandy-flavored mincemeat and "Extra Large" or "Jumbo" size because they are not available pumpkin pie mix. Or, you can buy delicious pies already in the quantities in which eggs are necessarily purchased by baked in our Pastry Sections. the Commissary Division. Other "trimmings" available for holiday tables will in-

We think these eggs would cost too much to suit our cus- clude olives, pickles, and relishes, celery and lettuce, fruit- tomers, anyway. cakes, cheeses, mints, and candies and nuts. —

November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15

She took her examination early in Sep- tember in the Army Signal Department's TOUR HEALTH office at Corozal and on October 12 was awarded her license. She had been waiting for word that she (The Review begins this series with had passed her examination and did not Dr. Gilbert Stevenson, M. Chief of the know that her father had been informed Department Internal Gor- of Medicine at of her success and had picked up her gas Hospital.) operating permit earlier that day. By four o'clock that afternoon she was almost There aren't Canal many people on the certain that she had failed and, woman- Zone who don't know Dr. Gilbert Steven- — like, broke into tears when her mother son "Dr. Steve" to many of them—in arrived from work at the Army's Civilian person, sight, Des- by or by reputation. Personnel Office and her parents together pite a schedule which keeps him moving presented her with her license. steadily five and a half days each week Four days after her license was issued and not infrequently at has night—he Carol had talked to stations in the Canal of managed to get to know hundreds Zone, 18 of the United States, Panama, people on both sides of and from the Japan, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina. center of the Isthmus. Her first contact was with E. C. Bar- Because Gorgas Hospital is a teaching tholomew, who is Vice President of the hospital is and because he on its teaching Austin National Bank in Austin, Texas, staff, he has the duties of instructor as and who operates station W5GQ. Through- well as of physician and consultant. out the summer he had been urging Carol of the of Internal As Chief Department to get her license and was so sure that Medicine, Dr. Stevenson is responsible she would qualify that he had 1,000 cards for as Wards 3, 4, 11, 12, 21, and 22, printed with her call letters, KZ5GQ, and well as for the Pediatrics Service. With made a trip to the Canal Zone to deliver one or more of his staff members he makes her cards to her about a week before she regularly scheduled rounds on each of the took her examination. wards, and every Tuesday morning meets For the time being, Carol is operating with his entire staff of 14 doctors. her family's station, a Globe Champion Wednesday afternoons he sits as a On transmitter, running 200 watts on all member of the Tumor Board which con- bands, and a Collins receiver. siders all cases in this field for diagnosis Her father is building a transmitter for and treatment. He conducts Grand code which he will install in her bedroom Dr. G. M. STEVENSON at cases are con- Rounds, which a few but she will be permitted to operate the sidered in great detail the entire staff, by larger voice station whenever she likes. every Thursday morning, and always at- American College of Physicians (with extends a clinical session every Saturday tra duty as Governor of the College for morning. At this session doctors in the the Canal Zone and Panama since 1942), medical service discuss cases of special a member of the Association of Military Surgeons, and a member of the Academia interest. Working with Dr. Stevenson OUR OUT-OF-DOORS are several men who have already made Panamena de Medicina y Cirugia. Dr. names in their particular fields, and a and Mrs. Stevenson, the former Nedelca Jude, who married in 1929, have number of younger residents or interns (.Editor's Note: the material for this who have shown great promise. an 18-year-old son, William George, who is column has been prepared by Walter R. student at the Junior Lindsay, Chief of the Dr. Merrill C. Davenport is Assistant a Canal Zone College. Grounds Maintenance Division who is also in charge of the Canal Chief of the Department and Chief of the Dr. Stevenson has always been proud Zone Experimental Gardens.) section for white patients. Dr. Richard of Gorgas Hospital and the place it has T. James heads the section where the occupied in Canal Zone life. It has been Many chemicals have been used to con- cases of the colored patients are handled. not only a facility where thousands of trol ants, but one of the most effective patients have excellent care, Dr. John R. Mitchell is Chief of the Pedi- received he and economical used to date is Chlordane. atrics Section, and Dr. Louis S. Leland points out, but also a place where impor- Unlike the chemical, carbon disulphide, heads the Dermatology Section. tant research has been done, as well as a which has been effectively used in the past Four Residents, doctors who have com- fine training place for young doctors. to control leaf-cutting ants (atta sp.), pleted their internships and are serving Chlordane is non-explosive and is safe for one to three years in a specialized field, use by even the most inexperienced are assigned to the Medical Service. They YOUNG ZONIAN GETS HAM LICENSE gardener. are Dr. James B. Hampton, Senior Resi- Chlordane may be absorbed by insects dent; Dr. Juan B. Martin, Resident, and through their mouths, feet, and bodies.

Drs. M. C. Florine and Rodolfo V. Young, {Continued from page 4) the first husband Consequently the most economical use of Assistant Residents. Six of the hospital's and wife radio team on the Canal Zone. Chlordane for destroying leaf-cutting ants 17 interns work in the Medical Service as There are now others: Mr. and Mrs. has been found to spray the openings of part of their rotating internships. Nelson Magner, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ler- the nests with a small amount of the two- Dr. Stevenson, who was born in Duluth, chen, Mr. and Mrs. George Dunlap, and percent solution. Minn., came to the Canal Zone in 1927 Col. and Mrs. Wayne Brewer. Ants crawling over the sprayed areas immediately after his graduation from the To obtain her license Carol, who is a absorb toxic quantities through their feet. Medical School of the University of Min- freshman at Balboa High School, first had They may also clean their feet and anten- nesota. Except for periods of post-grad- to learn the International Morse Code nae by running these structures through uate training in Baltimore, Philadelphia, until she could copy and send at the their mouths and thus ingest a fatal and Ann Harbor, his service here has speed of approximately 15 words per doseage. been continuous. minute. She had to learn theory and dia- The prolonged residual effect of Chlor- He served his internship at Gorgas Hos- grams in order to pass a written examina- dane makes it lethal to ants and many pital and a residency at Panama Hospital, tion which covered radio theory in most other insects for days and sometimes under a number of men who themselves of its forms, including considerable math- weeks. Thus, one application remains had been trained at Gorgas. After duty ematical problems concerning Ohm's Law lethal to successive hatchings of eggs. at several of the Canal Zone dispensaries, —that the strength of an unvarying elec- An interesting sidelight of the home life he joined the full-time staff of Gorgas trical current is directly proportional to of the leaf-cutting ant is the fact that Hospital in 1940. He was made Assistant the electromotive force and inversely pro- they themselves do not eat the portions Chief of the Medical Service five years portional to the resistence of the circuit. of leaves, twigs, etc. that they so labori- later, and its Chief in 1948. She was also examined on Canal Zone ously cut and carry into their well-venti- In 1947 he was certified as a specialist radio regulations. lated underground caverns. by the American Board of Internal Med- Under the instruction of her father and The leaves, twigs, and foliage are used icine. He is also a member of the Amer- mother Carol studied all summer in the to culture a type of mushroom. The ants ican Medical Association, a fellow of the radio "shack" under her family's quarters. in turn eat the mushrooms. 16 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951

PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS THIS MONTH'S

From September 15 through October 15 CALENDAR

The following list contain- the names oi HEALTH BUREAU those employees who were translerred from Harry A. Dunn, from Medical Techni- NOVEMBER

01 i\ ision fo another or from one type ol cian (General) to Medical Technician (Gen- 2d- American Legion, Post No. 6, work toanother. It does not contain within- eral-Supervisory), Board of Health Labor- Gamboa Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m., ns or regradings. atory. Panama's Memorial Day Kurt F. Menzel, from Medical Techni- CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU 3d Panama's Independence Day. cian (Bacteriology) to Medical Technician 4th Masters, Mates, and Pilots, No. Mrs. Barbara K. Barlow, from Clerk- (Bacteriology-Supervisory) Board of Health 27, Gamboa Clubhouse, 9 a. m. Stenographer, Administrative Branch, to Laboratory. 5th Postal Employees, No. 23160, Bal- Clerk-Stenographer, Police Division. INDUSTRIAL BUREAU boa Lodge Hall, 8 p. m. Mrs. Dorothy B. Longeway, from Kin American Legion, Post No. 3, dergarten Assistant to Elementary School Richard H. Jenks, from Wireman to Gatun Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m. Teacher, Division of Schools. Wireman Leader, Industrial Bureau. Pedro Miguel Civic Council, Raymond A. Taylor, from Postal Clerk- Sydney S. Albritton, from Locomotive Machinist, Machinist, Union Church, 7 p. m. to Postmaster (Gamboa), Postal, Customs, Railroad Division, to Cristobal-Margarita Civic Coun- and Immigration Division. Industrial Bureau. cil, Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. Oliver L. Riesch, front Postmaster Gust E. Rosene, from Lock Operator, Atlantic Machinist, V. F. W., Post Xo. 727, Fort Clay- (Gamboa) to Postal Clerk, Postal, Customs, Locks, to Industrial ton, 7:30 p. m. and Immigration Division. Bureau. V. F. W., Post No. 3822, Curundtt James A. Fiaser, Jr., from Apprentice MARINE BUREAU Road, 7:30 p. m. Terminals Division, to Police- Electrician, Raymond J. Kielhofer, from Lock Op- 6th Gamboa Civic Council, Commun- man, Police Division. Pacific Locks. erator to Tunnel Operator, ity Center, 7:30 m. Mrs. Grace M. Lindberg, from Clerk- p. Preston M. Trim, Charles J Sorell, Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Club- Stenographer, Audit Division, to Clerk- to Tunnel Operator- from Lock Operator house, 7:30 p. m. Stenographer, Police Division. Wirernan, Pacific Locks. 7th V. F. W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of Mrs. Mary E. Soper, Mrs. Nancy N. H. Rice, Irving H. Anderson, Wil- Roy C. Hall, 7:30 p. m. Substitute Teacher to High Cottrell, from liam J. Cronin, from Pilot-in-Tarining to 11th Armistice Day. School Teacher, Division of Schools. Probationary Pilot, Navigation Division. 12th Legal Holiday in the Canal Zone Ray B. Wells, from Payroll Clerk, Fi- Mrs. Ruth H. Powell, from Cashier, (for Armistice Day). nance Bureau, to Clerk (Typist), Police Commissary Division, to Clerk- Typist, Aids 13th Electrical Workers, No. 397, Bal- Division. to Navigation Section. boa Lodge Hall. 7:30 p. 111. R. Jones, from Postmaster (Cu- Donald William C. Smith, from Junior to Senior American Legion Auxiliary, No. rundu) to Postal Clerk, Postal, Customs, Control House Operator, Atlantic Locks. 1, Balboa Leeion Home, 7:30 p. m. and Immigration Division. John J. Tobin, from Senior Lock Opera- V. F. W., Post No. 100, Old Boy Richard J. Salvato, Robert P. O'Con- tor, Control Hotise Operator, At- to Junior Scout Building, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. nor, from Customs Guard to Customs lantic Locks. American Legion, Post No. 7, Fort Inspector, Postal, Customs, and Immigra- John M. Klavosky, from Tunnel Opera- Clayton, 7:30 p. m. tion Division. tor to Senior Lock Operator, Wireman, Painters, No. 1232, House 0838, Robert H. Beecher, from Occupational Atlantic Locks. Balboa, 7 p. m. High School Teacher to Junior College In- William J. McLaughlin, Jr., from Lock 14th Pacific Civic Council, I. W". B., structor, Division of Schools. Operator to Tunnel Operator, Wireman, 7:30 p. 111. Atlantic Locks. COMMUNITY SERVICE BUREAU American Legion, Post No. 2, Le- Carter Houston, from Probationary M. gion Home, Old Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. Francis E. Reardon, from Clerk-Typist Pilot to Pilot, Navigation Division. 15th American Legion Auxiliary, No. to Clerk, Housing Division. Wilbert L. Ney, from General Store- 6, Gamboa Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m. Mrs. Rebecca L. Hatten, from Tele- keeper, Pacific Locks to Clerk, Atlantic 18th C. L. U.-M. T. C, Balboa Lodge phone Operator (Typist) to Clerk-Typist, Locks. Hall, 8:30 a. m. Housing Division. Lawrence W. Jenkins, from Guard, 19th Electrical Workers, No. 677, Gatun P. Byrne Hutchings, from Assistant Locks, General Storekeeper, Atlantic to Masonic Temple, 7:30 p. m. Manager, Balboa Housing Office, to Mana- Pacific Locks. 20th Operating Engineers, No. 595, ger, Gamboa Housing Office, Housing Di- Slice, from Chauffei r, Motor James G. Margarita K. of C. Hall. 7 p. m. vision. Transportation Division to Guard, Locks 21st American Legion Auxiliary, No. Harry C. Egolf, from Manager, Gamboa Division. 3, American Legion Hall, Gatun, Housing Office to Assistant Manager, Bal- Ernest M. Kieswetter, from Guard Sup- 7:30 p. 111. boa Housing Office, Housing Division. Divi- ervisor to Senior Foreman, Dredging A. F. G. E., No. 14, Balboa Club- sion. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL BUREAU house, 7:30 p. m. BUREAU V. F. W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of Mrs. B. Friedman, from Secre- Mary C. Hall, 7:30 p. m. Smith, from Pumpman to Fil- Robert C. tary, Office of Supply and Service Director, 22d Thanksgiving Day. tration Planf Operator, Water and Labora- to Secretary, Office of the Personnel Direc- 26th V. F. W. Auxiliary, Post No. 3822 tories Branch, Municipal Division. tor. Post Home, 7:30 p. m. Jose R. Cotter, David Ramos, from College Russell S. Johns, from Junior 27th V. F. W. Post No. 100, Old Boy Cartographic Survey Aid to Surveying and Instructor, Division of Schools, to Position Scout Building, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. Cartographic Engineer, Surveys Branch, Classifier, Personnel Bureau. American Legion, Post No. 7, Fort Engineering Division. Clayton, 7:30 m. Paul W. Mohl, Murrel L. Drdd, Earl RAILROAD AND TERMINALS BUREAU p. Operating Engineers, No. 595, E. Mullins, and Proctor G. Duelle, from William D. Goodwin, from Yard and Balboa Lodge Hall, 7 p. m. Operator, Construction Equipment, to Gen- Road Conductor to Senior Yardmaster, 28th—American Legion Auxiliary, No. eral Operator, Municipal Division. Railroad I livision. 2, Legion Home, Old Cristobal, 7:30 George W. Mullins, Jr., from Operator, Henry H. Lee, Jr., from Transportation p. m. Construction Equipment, and Pumpman to Rale Audit Clerk, Division of Storehouse-, A. F. G. E., No. 88, Margarita Club- General Operator and Pumpman, Municipal to Cribtender and Ganger Foreman, Termi- house, 7:30 m. nals Division. p. Division. 29th Governor-Employee Conference, Victor D. Young, from Powerhouse Op- Clavin R. Groves, from Commissary Board Room, Administration Build- erator-Dispatcher to Electrician Operator- Assistant, Commissary Division, to Traffic ing, 2 p. 111. Foreman, Electrical Division. Clerk, 'Terminals Division. James E. Walker, from Distribution Joseph F. Smith, front Traffic Clerk to DECEMBER Foreman to Lineman Foreman, Electrical Storekeeper, Terminals Division. 2d Masters, Mates, and Pilots, No. Division. Victor H. May, Jr., from Gauger, Divi- 27, Margarita Clubhouse, 9 a. m. Harry D. Foster, from Pumpman to Fil- sion of Storehouses, to Cribtender and 3d V. F. W., Post No. 3822, Curundu tration Plant Operator, Water and Labora- Gauger Foreman, Terminals Division. Road, 7:30 p. 111. tories, Municipal Division. Robert C. Turner, from Property and V. F. W., Post No. 727, Fcrt Clay- Herbert E. Rothwell. from Painter- Supply Clerk, Housing Division, to Time, ion. 7:30 p. 111. Body Repairman, Motor Transportation Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Terminals Divi- Pedro Miguel Civic Council, Division, to Pumpman, Water and Labora sion. (See page 20) Union Church, 7 p. m. tories Branch, Municipal Division. Cristobal-Margarita Civic Coun- Thomas J. Dee, from Wireman to Dis- cil, Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m.

i ill anion Foreman, Electrical Division. Postal Employees, Xo. 23160, Mar- FINANCE BUREAU garita Is. of C. Hall, 8 p. 111. November Sailings American Legion Post No. 3, Ira N. C. Read, from Investigator to Gatun Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m. Governmental Accountant, Accounting Di- 4th Gamboa Civic Council, Commun- vision. ity Center, 7:30 p. in. Mrs. Mabelle B. Walker, from Clerk- Sailing dates are indefinite Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Club- Stenographer, Accounting Division to house, 7:30 p. m. Clerk-Typist, Payrolls Division. because of the United States V. F. W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of Kathleen M. McGuigan, from Hall, 7:30 111. Secre- longshoremen's strike. C. p. tary to Administrative Assistant, Office of 6th Carpenters, No. 667, Margarita Finance Director. Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 17 STATISTICS ON CANAL TRAFFIC

For the purpose of comparison between pre-war and post-war traffic through the Panama Canal, statistics for the fiscal year 1938 are used in this section, as being more nearly normal for peace-time than those for 1939.

COMMERCIAL TRANSITS UP FOR FIRST QUARTER BUT TOLLS ARE LOWER THAN IN PREVIOUS YEAR

Intercoastal Trade

Down; U. S. Ships Hold

Lead By Nationality

Transits of commercial vessels through the Panama Canal during the first quarter of the present fiscal year were up by more than 100, including both small vessels and ships of 300 or more tons, Panama Canal measurement. During the quarter just concluded, the total number of transits was 1,770, as compared to 1,675 for the corresponding quarter of fiscal year 1951. Of the 1,770 commercial transits, 871 were from Atlantic to Pacific, and 899 from

Pacific to Atlantic. During the same period - •-.,. r • . 283 government vessels made the Canal they transit. FOUR CATCHERS from the most recent whaling fleet to transit the Canal were photographed as During this period in the present fiscal fourteen catchers of this locked down together through Pedro Miguel on their wav to the Antarctic. The year tolls totaled $6,272,000 as compared All of them are of Norwegian regis- fleet and their 22,000-ton mothership, Thonhovdi, transited October 17. to $6,449,000 in the same quarter of the men; the crew of the factory, try with Sanefjord as their home port. This fleet carried a total of about 550 previous fiscal year. or mothership, was 285 and each catcher had a crew of about 20. The auarter began slowly, with 463 com- Canal southward. All three In the past five months, three large whaling fleets have gone through the mercial transits in July, as against 513 in its first visit to the Canal in were out of Europe to the Antarctic. The first was an Anglo-Norse group, on July of fiscal year 1951. Tolls for July of south in June. This fleet has two years. This included a large factory ship and nine catchers. They went the present fiscal year were $1,981,000 as already shipped one load of oil back through the Canal. compared to $2,373,000 for July in the pre- registered under the Panama or Honduran The second fleet, out of Kiel, Germany, but with its vessels \ious fiscal year. ship, Olympic Challenger, and con- flags arrived late in September. This group was headed by the factory During the early part of July rather heavy the fleet in Panama were a number sisted of 13 catchers, all of which are former Canadian corvettes. Joining losses were indicated in the Europe-U. S. of the catchers when they reach of highly skilled Norwegian harpoon "gunners," who take over command West Coast Canada and the Europe-West Olympic's last trip south, was the whaling grounds These men are highly skilled. One of them on the group Coast South America trades. Later in July Olympic vessels carried between credited with killing over 280 whales. Like the other two whaling fleets, the a drop was reported for trade between the was a latecomer, following well behind 500 and fiOO men. One more of the catchers, bringing the total to 14, East Coast of the United States and Asia. until late last month. the others. This last catcher did not reach the Canal on its way south C. Fernie & Co. are agents for all three of the whaling fleets. Traffic Increase Begins

The increase in traffic began to be noted early in August (August's total transits were 490, an increase of 37 vessels over MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS August of the previous year) when traffic began an upswing between the East Coast Vessels of 300 tons net or over of the United States and Asia and between Europe and the West Coast of the United By fiscal years States and Canada. Later in August, traffic began to increase temporarily between Europe and Australasia, but this trend was Tolls Transits short-lived and had begun to decrease, again (In thousands of dolhr*) temporarily, toward the end of the month. 1938 1952 1951 1938 Transits for September were up consid- 1952 1951 erably over September a year ago, 516 ves- . 513 457 $1,981 $2,373 $2,030 sels transiting this year as against 446 for July 463 September a year ago. Tolls had increased 453 505 2,103 2,093 2,195 correspondingly, from $1,983,000 in fiscal 490 year 1951 to $2,188,000 in September of this 446 444 2,188 1,983 1,936 year. 516 There was a drop in trade between the 480 461 2,068 1,981 East Coast of the United States and Central America and another increase in shipping 435 1,844 1,893 between Etrope and Australasia. 446 Later in the month there was some fluctu- 452 439 1,886 1,845 ation in all trade routes, with that between the United States East Coast showing a 452 444 1,854 1,838 gain and the Europe-South America and Australasia trade down somewhat. This was 444 436 1,853 1,787 changed toward the end of September, however, when a marked increase was noted in _. 474 506 1,943 2,016 trade between the United States East Coast March and South America, and also between 1,961 Europe and South America. April ------470 487 2,007 During the first auarter intercoastal ship- - 485 465 2,020 1,887 ping was less than half of that of the same May period in fiscal year 1951 — 130 vessels 478 445 1,982 1,801 making this run as compared to 287 in the first quarter a year ago. first three months Vessels of United States registry took the Totals for 1,469 1,412 1,406 6,272 6,448 6,161 lead in number by nationality with 534 U. S.-flag vessels transiting the Canal in for fiscal year 1,469 5,593 5,524 $6,272 $23,906 $23,170 this period. Great Britain, with 286 vessels, Totals was second, followed by Norway with 175. 18 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951 Winning Essays Bring Awards To Zone Students

Prizes were awarded recently by Dr. major role in the successful completion of the purpose of its creation, the people with Lawrence Johnson, Superintendent of the the Panama Canal were honored by the whom it communicates, the profit from its issuing of the West Indian Commemorative use—these are the qualifications which de- Canal Zone schools, to four students of Stamp. termine the value and significance of a the Canal Zone colored schools for their This Commemorative Stamp is an impor- stamp. prize-winning essays, submitted in con- tant event in the history of the Canal Zone. The picture painted on the West Indian nection with the August issue of the West The Stamp has been issued in recognition of Commemorative Stamp tells the story of meritorious service rendered by the West the heroic and sacrificial deeds, and Indian Commemorative stamp. The the con- Indian laborers during the ten years of the tributions of the West Indian Negro in the students were divided into four groups: difficult task of building the Panama Canal. accomplishment of a world-famed engineer- A, which included the fifth and sixth It is a tribute which brings us immeasur- ing feat — the Panama Canal. After years able value in prestige at the grades; B, grades 7 and 8; C, grades 9 and same time of constant struggle for decent survival, the may mark the beginning of more concrete forgotten West Indian and his offspring and 10; and D, grades 11 and 12. and material tributes in appreciation for again have seen omens of encouragement. for the contest Judges were: A. B. faithful service rendered by the West Indian On this occasion it is the tribute paying Williams, of the Silver Employees workers. West Indian Commemorative Stamp, a Death Benefit Association; the Rev. L. We can hope that the offspring of these symbolic example of recognition, apprecia- West Indian pioneers who made sacrifices tion, and gratitude. Through this stamp B. Shirley, of St. Peter's Episcopal in the construction of the Panama Canal the world can be educated on the important Church in La Boca; Luis Noli, of the will benefit more from the profits brought to role played by the "Old-Timers." No Star and Herald; Nathan Reid, Supervisor the United States through the Panama greater profit could there be than the dy- at the Rodman Naval Establishment, Canal. namic response of the democratic people to Division C the West Indian Commemorative Stamp for and A. E. Osborne of the Schools Divi- Marion Thomas what it stands — the birth of a demanding sion, Chairman of the Essay Contest Grade 10 and deserving campaign for justice and Committee. Silver Citv Occupational equality. The winners and their prizes were: High School Division D Rov Bryce Maria Ramirez, of Santa Cruz, for Divi- The Significance of the West Indian Grade 12 sion A, $10; Francisco Rodriguez, of Red Commemorative Stamp La Boca Occupational Tank Junior High School, for Division B, What's in a stamp? The story it relates, High School $15; Marion Thomas, of the Silver City Occupational High School, for Division C, RAISES, INCOME badly this year. This question was to be $20, and Roy Bryce, of the La Boca Occu- PAY TAX given post-conference consideration and, pational High School, for Division D, a (Continued from page meanwhile, the conference was told that gold pen and pencil set. The prizes were 3) table which takes steps are being taken to prevent a similar given by the West Indian Stamp Appre- an average of old and new rates into con- fading of plates for the coming year. ciation Committee. The winning essays sideration. If this is true this year, the In answer to a question as to whether follow: date of payment of the retroactive pay Why We have A Special increase will have no material effect on the local postal service was to be taken West Indian Stamp the overall tax to be paid during the year. over by the United States Posts, the We have a special West Indian Stamp in Considerable and lengthy discussion Governor said that this plan is not re- honor of those West Indians who gave their followed introduction of a question as to ceiving any active consideration although lives in the construction of the Panama such a recommendation is to be made in Canal. the locations where an employee may re- the General Accounting office report on A great many of these workers died of side. For the record, the following housing malaria, yellow fever, and pneumonia. regulations were added to the minutes of the audit of Company activities. Others, who were very ill, still reported for the meeting: Attending the October conference were: work so that this important project could the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, be completed. "Employees are required to reside in Mr. Dunsmoor, E. A. Doolan, Personnel For their faithfulness, loyalty, ai'd will- the 'district' in which they are employed ingness to work in all kinds o f dangers, for and, in general, the towns in which they Director; Mr. Wagner, C. W. Hoffmeyer, the sacrifices they made, for the courage and work. Residence outside of the town in Mr. Tobin, W. R. Howe, E. W. Hatchett shown by them in the presence of great dan- which the employee works may be for the Central Labor Union-Metal Trades gers from dynamite explosion, land slides, Council; Mr. Lovelady for the A. F. G. E.; and diseases, the Government of the Uniied authorized: StatesissuedthisSpecialWest Indian Stamp "(a) When the employee presents a R.C. Daniel, Railway Conductors; Guy R. to honor these men and to show the world Engineers; meritorious case concurred in by his di- Lord, Marine M. S. Goodin, that it will always the appreciate work they C. A. Garcia, J. H. Jones, Timothy Ladd did and the sacrifices they made. vision chief and approved by the Com- and R. F. Ralph for the Civic Councils; Division A munity Services Director; Maria Ramirez "(b) When an employee's work location James Boukalis for the Machinists, and Grade 6 C. A. Luhr for the Pacific Side Lock is changed within either the Northern or Santa Cruz Elementary School Southern district and his division chief Operators. The Meaning of a Special Stamp in does not certify that a change of residence Honor of Our West Indian Workers is necessary. Under the latter circum- A PRESIDENT VISITS The stamp made for the West Indian stances the employee will be permitted to workers was issuer! in order to honor them remain in the quarters to which he has ^Continued from page 3) three days varied for the work they did on the Panama Canal. assigned will from a drizzle to a torrential downpour. To complete this arduous task, they faced been but not be allowed many hazards and hindrances. Many were transfer privileges except to his new town He rode the Panama Railroad from end the instances when they met dangers in of employment." to end; took a tug into Panama Bay. He which many were killed by dynamite blasts ate luncheon, without prior notice, at one and landslides. One of the most dangerous New Housing Rules of the Commission's messes, inspected places in which they labored is now known Conferees were also told of another new as Gaillard Cut. But even when these men hospitals, police, and schools. He spent housing regulation: That those moving saw their companions killed in such terrible all of his second day ashore and part of the ways, they into newly constructed houses will have did not lose heart; instead, they third day in or around the Cut, dropped kept on working until they were through. to occupy those houses for a two-year in on family and bachelor quarters, These men who were employed to do this period before becoming eligible for assign- hard task were the only ones who could roamed through construction towns, vis- ment to another newly-constructed house. withstand the unhealthful climate and the ited the machine shops, talked to two disastrous diseases of J. H. Jones presented a letter to the the Isthmus. deputations of employees about rates of Today, some of these veterans have lived conference, opposing the closing of the pay and other matters. to see themselves and their dead companions dispensary at Pedro Miguel, and R. F. being honored for the excellent job that was He was entertained officially in Panama Ralph of Gatun suggested that a taxi done by their hands. The stamp which is a and was given a huge farewell party on symbol of true hardiness stand be permitted inside the hospital and sacrifices on the Cristobal docks by employees of the the part of our ancestors tell will in a small grounds at Gorgas when the district medi- Commission. measure the story of a great people the — cal clinics are moved there, to partly offset West Indians. Back in Washington, where he reported Division the main community objection to the B to Congress December 17 in a special Francisco Rodriguez transfer—lack of transportation facilities. message, President Roosevelt Grade 8 had an License Plates Fade Red Tank Junior High School answer for critics of the Canal project: A question was raised by J. J. Tobin as "It is not too much The Significance of the West Indian to say that the Commemorative Stamp to an Atlantic Side police order that whole atmosphere of the Commission It was on August 15, 1951, that the West drivers of Canal Zone-registered cars re- breathes honesty as it breathes efficiency Indians who played an important and a paint license plates which have faded and energy." .

19 November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

The Panama Canal Review has Oil, Phosphate and Coal Shipments made the pages of the Congressional Record. The Appendix to the Record carries an extension of remarks made Increase In Atlantic-Pacific Trade in the House of Representatives Octo-

ber 1 by Congressman Clark W. Thompson of Texas. Representative An increase in the amounts of oil, phos- ter as compared to the corresponding three Thompson calls the Thatcher Ferry canned food phates, coal and coke shipped from the months last year were: nitrates, "one of the most important projects noted during the products, metals, coffee, wool, raw cotton, Atlantic to the Pacific was designed to serve the Canal Zone and first Quarter of the fiscal year, according to and dried fruit. the Republic of Panama." As his con- reports of the Management Division. Total cargo handled and transferred over The oil shipments, which were reported the Canal Zone piers during the first auarter clusion, he adds the article carried in as 754,261 long tons for the July-August- of the current fiscal year was 349,194 short the August 3, 1951, issue of The Re- September quarter of the current fiscal tons, as compared with 333,066 tons for the view: "Ten Millionth Car Crosses year, had almost doubled from the 368,019 average quarter in fiscal year 1951 and Canal By Thatcher Ferry." long tons shipped in the Atlantic-Pacific 373,453 tons in an average quarter of fiscal trade during the same quarter of the pre- year 1938. vious fiscal year. On the other hand, oil shipments in the S. opposite direction, from Pacific to Atlantic, CANAL TRANSITS COMMERCIAL AND U. GOVERNMENT had decreased considerably. During the first quarter of fiscal year 195?, only 121,470 First Quarter— Fiscal Year long tons of mineral oils passed through the Canal from Pacific to Atlantic, as compared 1952 1951 1938 with 1,207,428 tons during the same period Atlantic Pacific in the fiscal year 1951. This latter figure, to to Total Total Total however, was artificial, in that during the Atlantic corresponding three months of fiscal year Pacific 1951 there was a short but intensive ship- Commercial vessels: ment of oil between the east and west coasts 711 758 1,469 1,412 1,406 of the United States. Much of the heavy Atlantic-Pacific oil 160 141 301 263 211 shipments of the current fiscal year are •Small originating in the West Indies, with both South America and Australasia as their des- 871 X<>>) 1,770 1,675 1,617 tinations. This situation, which developed dining the latter part of the quarter, was **U. S. Government vessels; 93 105 198 attributed to the Near East oil situation. The heavy phosphate shipments, 212,696 36 49 85 long tons for the quarter just ended as com- *Smdll pared to 67,963 long tons for the correspond- 1,053 2,053 ing quarter in fiscal year 1951, are destined 1,000 primarily for Japan from the United States east coast. * Vessels under 300 net tons or 500 displacement tons. Pacific trade, Also up, in the Atlantic to ** Vessels on which tolls are credited. Prior to July 1, 1951, Government-operated iron and were long tons of manufactured ships transited free. steel, paper and paper products, sulphur, cement, sugar (of which 108,161 long tons HANDLED OVER PIERS were shipped during the first quarter of fis- CARGO cal year 1952 as against only 23,547 long (In short tons) tons for the corresponding quarter last year), automobiles. Average Average machinery, and First Quarter Atlantic-Pacific trade showed de- quarter, Quarter, The Fiscal Year 1952 creases in ammonium compounds, raw cot- 1951 1938 ton, tinplate, ores, and canned food products. Cristobal Balboa Total All piers All piers In the Pacific- Atlantic trade, ore shipments were up by almost 100,000 long tons Local cargo received 79,790 33,429 113,219 96,005 87,968 for the first quarter of fiscal year 1952, as compared to the fiist ouarter of last year. Local cargo forwarded 18,566^ 20,014 38,580 25,810 9,388 Wheat shipments were 542,707 long tons, as compared to only 297,372 long tons for Transfer cargo received 84,660 5,016 89,676 105,137 138,386 the corresponding period last year. Other cargo showing increases in this Total incoming cargo handled. 183,016 58,459 241,475 226,952 235,742 trade were sugar, refrigerated food products, lumber, bananas, and other fresh fruit. 2,859 182 3,041 3,552 1,584 Cargo items showing decreases in this quar-

Transfer cargo forwarded . 99,854 4,824 104,678 102,562 136,127

Total cargo handled and 285,729 63,465 349,194 333,066 373,453

TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

First Quarter, Fiscal Year

1952 1951 1938

130 287 349

314 274 97

118 91 19

193 156 217

58 36 49

178 129 194

88 91 137

44 I 89 64

EDWARD M. ALTMAN, who has served as relief 301 284 300 magistrate on several occasions, has been appointed of the Balboa to a four-year term as Magistrate 1,469 1,412 1,406 Court. He succeeds Ralph J. Chittick, who has left to make his home in Connecticut. . (-4f-: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

20 3 1262 08542 7549 HE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2,195

PILOTING SHIPS THROUGH Principal commodities shipped through the Canal (All figures in long tons)

(Continued from page 11) first as a pilot-in- Figures in parentheses in 1938 and 1951 columns indicate trainir.g, later as a probationary pilot, relative positions in those years and now as a full pilot, ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC This is only a fraction of the transits chalked up by the senior men. The First Quarter, Fiscal Years pilots, Captain Henry Canal's two senior Commoditv Falk for Balboa and Captain Charles S. 1952 1951 1938 Townshend for Cristobal, have over 3,000 transits apiece to their credit. Both first Mineral Oils 754,261 368,019 (1) 225,362 (3) Coal and Coke 417,534 15,550 30,444 (14) served as towboat masters and both have (3) Manufactures of iron and steel 408,242 355,337 (2) 336,634 (1) pilots since 1926. been Phosphates 212,696 67,963 (4) 6,435 (6) Paper and Paper Products 120,818 90,189 108,492 (5) Five Are Pilots' Sons (?) Sugar 108,161 23,547 (7) 8,250 (31) Captain Falk, like four other pilots, is Sulphur 97,679 90, 1 30 (9) 53,868 (7) Automobiles 89,461 64,310 (10) 48,161 (9) the son of a former pilot. The others are Machinery 78,698 43,305 (11) 31,778 (10) Kariger, S. W. Peterson, Captains G. F. Cement 70,391 34,846 (15) 29,326 (11) T. C. Makibbin, and A. G. Terwilliger. Raw Cotton 49,841 137,827 (6) 57,694 (13) Not all of the Canal's pilots, however, Ammonium compounds 47,390 112,463 (14) 11,976 (22) Tinplate 37,021 39,332 (13) 28,887 (8) are full-fledged and able to take any ship Canned food products 30,343 38,766 (17) 31,935 (15) Sixty-three are full through the Canal. Ores, various 23,264 27,665 (26) 16,431 (18) pilots, 1 1 others are in their probationary All others 899,163 746,867 829,375 period, and 3 others are pilots-in-training. Total 3,444,963 2,256,116 1,855,048 At the present time the Marine Bureau has a list of 25 applicants who are fully qualified to be hired as pilots-in-training. PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC Unless conditions change, however, Ma- rine officials think that the present force First Quarter, Fiscal Years will be sufficient for some time to come. Commodity 195? 1951 1938

PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS Ores, various ._.. . _ 1,013,723 919,960 (1) 497,627 (3) 883,244 874,990 (2) 706,187 (?) (Continued from page 16) 542,707 297,372 (4) 171,632 (7) Nitrate 275,531 280,143 (5) 254,890 (5) SUPPLY AND SERVICE BUREAU 272,828 241,749 (7) 344,233 (4) Mary N. Orr, from Clerk-Stenographer, Canned food products 203,582 ^^i,6^^ (6) 313,906 (6) Office Refrigerated food products (ex- I livision of Storehouses, to Secretary, cept fresh fruit) 186,782 126,950 (10) 89,037 (10) of the Supply and Service Director. 164,810 167,146 (8) 159,361 (8) Michael G. Letchko, from Machinist to 136,785 111,806 (9) 11,441 (20) Plain Engineer and Machinist, Commissary 121,470 1,207,428 (3) 780,126 (1) Division. 49,185 62,896 (12) 42,507 (16) from Mrs. Gretchen E. Melanson, Wool .. 45,137 46,325 (13) 21,890 (21) Assistant to Cash Accounting Commissary Fresh fruit (except bananas) . . 39,336 25,252 (17) 81,617 (91 Clerk, Commissary Division. 31,308 33,866 (15) 32,920 (20) Mrs. Melba M Heintz, from Cashier, 21,195 47,694 (19) 73.151 (12) to Commissary Assistant, Commissary Di- 624,942 626,912 760,225 vision. Mrs Hazel E Currier, from Assistant Total __ 4,612,565 5,409,122 4,340,750 Dry Cleaning Foreman to Dry Cleaning Foreman, Commissary Division. Mrs. Alice O. Eaton, from Transporta- Canal commercial traffic by nationality of vessels tion Rate and Audit Clerk to Supply Clerk, Division of Storehouses. First Quarter of Fiscal Yea rs Mrs. Alicia M. Castro, from Clerk- 1952 1951 1938 Typist to Transportation Rate Audit Clerk, Division of Storehouses. Nationality Num- Tons Num- Tons Num- Tons Mrs. Edna E. Grandin, from Clerk- ber of of cargo ber of of cargo ber of of cargo Typist to Property and Supply Clerk, Divi- transits transits transits sion of Storehouses.

Margaret L. Csighy, from Clerk-Typist British- _ 286 1,967,618 215 1,311,546 292 1,667,795 to Procurement Clerk, Division of Store- 12 50,668 10 42,336 2 10,096 houses. 1 8,626 2 13 113 George L. Cain, from Meat Cutter-in- Colombian 22 22,081 17 19,615 2 10,002 Charge to Commissary Assistant, Commis- 53 sary Division. Danish 239,836 46 165,608 55 254.507 Ecuadorean 39 24,498 39 16,392 Elwood G. Bissett, from Commissary 2 4,695 Assistant to Supply Assistant (Drygoods), 1 5,480 Commissary Division. 27 100,086 26 143,390 22 146,785 Mrs. Carmela A. Recria, from Clerk to 2 1,583 2 2,603 91 450,641 Accounting Clerk, Commissary Division. 19 170,236 31 192,973 31 181,941 Mrs. Elvera N. Breakneld, from Clerk- Honduian_ 101 133,431 90 134,959 9 2,926 Typist to Accounting Clerk, Commissary 2 11 176 Division. 1 312 Anna V. Fisher, from Clerk to Account- 19 85,596 15 62,077 13 39,935 ing Clerk, Commissary Division. 13 71,345 75 522,490 29 78,076 Julius Szivos, from Property and Supply Mexican. 2 17,916 2 11,666 Clerk, Aids to Navigations, to Storekeeper, Netherlands^ . .. 24 121,681 27 95,070 60 217,168 I )i\ ision of Storehouses. 1 William A. Sullivan, from Policeman, Norwegian . . _ 175 676,649 119 456,738 155 755.770 Police Division, to Storekeeper, Di\ ision of Panamanian 56 307,063 57 322,775 54 155,169 Storehouses. Peruvian 1 3 7,434 MAGISTRATES COURT Philippine 7 44,043 7 25,764 Portuguese . . 1 9,511 2 2,785 ~2 Edward M. Altman, from Public Safety Spanish... 8 43,245 12 46,464 15,280

Assistant, Safety Branch, to Magistrate, Swedish.- _ 31 189,436 43 150,822 31 206,645

Balboa Magistrate's Court. Swiss 1 5,771 United States.- _. 534 3,669,405 645 4,451,693 495 2,860,814 ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH Yenezuelan 2 3,334 3 2,538 2 1 ,953 Mrs. Barbara M. Hutchings, from 5 23 151 Clerk-Stenographer, Railroad and Termi- nals Bureau, to Clerk-Stenographer, Ad- Total 1,469 8,057,528 1,412 7,665,238 1,406 7,642,111 ministrative Branch.