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100 years of publishing 1920-2020 TheParliamentarian Journal of the Parliaments of the Commonwealth 2020 | Volume 101 | Issue Four | Price £14 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY IN THE COMMONWEALTH PAGES 308-323 PLUS The City of London, its Hansard Technology: Parliamentary Why Women’s Remembrancer and All Change for the Expressions & Leadership Matters the Commonwealth Official Report Practices in the During COVID-19 and Commonwealth Beyond PAGE 334 PAGE 338 PAGE 340 PAGE 350 IN TIMES LIKE THESE PARLIAMENTS NEED ALL THE RESOURCES THEY CAN GET! DOWNLOAD CPA’S NEW PUBLICATION NOW www.cpahq.org/cpahq/modellaw THE CPA MODEL LAW FOR INDEPENDENT PARLIAMENTS Based on the important values laid down in the Commonwealth Latimer House Principles and the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) has created a MODEL LAW FOR INDEPENDENT PARLIAMENTS. This draft legislation is aimed at Commonwealth Parliaments to use as a template to create financially and administratively independent institutions. Specifically, the Model Law enables Parliaments to create Parliamentary Service Commissions and to ensure Parliaments across the Commonwealth have the resources they need to function effectively without the risk of Executive interference. www.cpahq.org STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) exists to connect, develop, promote and support Parliamentarians and their staff to identify benchmarks of good governance, and implement the enduring values of the Commonwealth. Calendar of Forthcoming Events Updated as at 16 November 2020 Please note that due to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) global pandemic, many CPA events, conferences and activities have been postponed or cancelled. Please check www.cpahq.org or email [email protected]. 2020 December 1 to 3 December 2020 CPA Virtual Post-Election Seminar: Parliament of Bermuda 7 to 11 December 2020 KwaZulu Natal Legislature CPA Benchmarks Assessment 14 to 18 December 2020 Virtual Commonwealth Youth Parliament 2021 March Monday 8 March 2021 Commonwealth Day and International Women’s Day 23 to 27 March 2021 Mid-Year meeting of the CPA Executive Committee, Gibraltar/online June w/c 21 June 2021 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), Kigali, Rwanda – also including: Commonwealth Youth Forum; Commonwealth Women’s Forum; Commonwealth People’s Forum; and Commonwealth Business Forum. August 21 to 27 August 2021 65th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada The CPA calendar fosters the exchange of events and activities between CPA Regions and Branches. For further information on any events, please contact the CPA Branch concerned or the CPA Headquarters Secretariat. CPA Branch Secretaries are asked to send notices of CPA events to [email protected] in advance of the publication deadline to ensure the calendar is accurate. CPA Small Branches Climate Change Toolkit for Parliamentarians • Strengthening Parliamentarians as effective actors in the climate change agenda. • Accessible introduction to the key issues facing Legislatures at the frontline of climate change. • Practical guide for Parliamentarians to further progress at the domestic and international level. Visit www.cpahq.org/cpahq/SBclimatechange to download a copy or email [email protected] Updated February 2020 CONTENTS: THE PARLIAMENTARIAN 2020: ISSUE FOUR PAGE 304 PAGES 308-323 The Parliamentarian: VIEWS & COMMENT NEWS & PHOTOS SOCIAL MEDIA AND Journal of the Parliaments of PARLIAMENTARY the Commonwealth DEMOCRACY IN THE Volume 101 COMMONWEALTH 2020: Issue Four The Parliamentarian ISSN 0031-2282 Editor’s Note CPA News Social Media and Issued and published by Social media and News reports include: Parliamentary Engagement the International Secretariat parliamentary democracy in • International Day of Democracy Expanding public of the Commonwealth the Commonwealth • Launch of new CPwD participation for democratic Parliamentary Association Page 284 Disabilities Communications growth in Kenya (CPA), CPA Headquarters Guidelines Page 308 Secretariat, Richmond View from the CPA • Virtual Post-Election Seminars House, Houses of Parliament, Chairperson in Dominica and Jamaica Embracing Social London, SW1A 0AA, United The Role of Parliaments and • Virtual meeting of the CPA Media and Digital Kingdom. Parliamentarians in Times of Small Branches Steering Technology in Crisis Committee Parliaments Tel: +44 (0) 20 7799 1460 Page 286 • CPA webinars with How the Legislative Email: [email protected] Commonwealth High Assembly of Alberta has www.cpahq.org View from the Commissioners and opened new doors in the Twitter @CPA_Secretariat Commonwealth Women representatives of pandemic era. Facebook.com/CPAHQ Parliamentarians (CWP) Overseas Territories in Page 311 London; Commonwealth Should social media be the Does the digital Stephen Twigg primary tool for Commonwealth partner organisations; and pandemic of CPA Secretary-General Parliamentarians to uphold Commonwealth Speakers misinformation democracy? • New Handbook on Lay threaten our best hope Mr Jeffrey Hyland Page 288 Members for Commonwealth of ending this crisis? Editor, The Parliamentarian Parliaments Page 314 [email protected] • 2020 Commonwealth View from the CPA Small Does social media Branches Chairperson Gladwyn Lecture. bridge the gap between Main images: CPA The challenges of utilising new • CPA Photo Gallery Parliament and the Headquarters Secretariat technologies and social media Pages 294-306 people in Pakistan? and Shutterstock. Additional Page 290 Page 316 images: CPA Branches and Commonwealth Women Members. Front cover image: View from the CPA Parliamentarians News The relationship Shutterstock/218622694/ between social media Secretary-General and Events and parliamentary REDPIXEL. Identifying the CPA’s strengths Reports from CWP activities democracy in Canada to best meet future challenges around the Commonwealth Page 320 Page 292 Pages 344-345 282 | The Parliamentarian | 2020: Issue Four | 100 years of publishing 1920-2020 100 years of publishing CONTENTS The Parliamentarian 1920-2020 PAGE 334 PAGE 374 FEATURE ARTICLES PARLIAMENTARY Annual subscription: Four REPORTS issues including supplements: UK: £44 inc. postage. Worldwide: £46 surface post £52 airmail Price per issue: Sustainable Parliamentary Parliamentary Report UK: £14 cover price plus UK Development in a Expressions Featuring legislative reports postage | Worldwide: Cover Globalised World and Practices in from Canada, Trinidad price plus £5 surface post or A view from India Commonwealth and Tobago, the United £8 airmail Page 324 Parliaments Kingdom, New Zealand, Part three Australia, Sri Lanka and Disclaimer Parliament and Foreign Page 340 India Opinions and comments Policy: An Indian Pages 354-375 expressed in articles and Perspective Barriers to Women's reviews published in The Page 327 Participation in CPA DIRECTORY Parliamentarian are those of Elections in the Africa the individual contributors and Why Parliamentarians Region CPA Organisational should not be attributed to the are key to enhancing A view from Tanzania Structure Secretariat of the Association. accountability in health Page 346 CPA Executive Committee service Members, CWP and CPA Contributors Page 330 ‘Building Forward Small Branches Steering Thank you to all contributors Better’ - Why Women's Committees and CPA for this issue. The City of London, its Leadership Matters Regional Secretaries Remembrancer and During COVID-19 and Pages 376 Printed in: United Kingdom the Commonwealth Beyond by Warners Midlands, PLC. Page 334 Page 350 Limited print run - contact Hansard Technology: Leveraging Women [email protected] for All Change for the and Youth for a details of print copies for Official Report Sustainable and CPA Branches. Page 338 Inclusive Future Page 352 The Parliamentarian | 2020: Issue Four | 100 years of publishing 1920-2020 | 283 EDITOR’S NOTE SOCIAL MEDIA AND PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY IN THE COMMONWEALTH The Editor’s Note There has been a huge growth in the use of social media in recent examines the role of social media in connecting with constituents years across the world. Commonwealth Parliaments are still and the impact of social media in elections and asks if social exploring how to best use social media effectively media should be censored and what the role of in their communications strategies. Finding a way Parliamentarians could be. to produce engaging, non-partisan content to The Deputy Director of the Research Wing interact with stakeholders is a major challenge at the National Assembly of Pakistan, Ms Nighat for all institutions, but perhaps particularly for Paristan provides examples of social media Parliaments. interaction from Pakistan and suggests that social The use of social media raises therefore a media can be called a ‘game changer’ in bridging number of challenges to Parliaments and, to a the gap between Parliament and the people. large extent, requires these institutions to engage The Chairperson of the Commonwealth in a new style of communication beyond the Women Parliamentarians (CWP), Hon. Shandana traditional institutional one. Gulzar Khan, MNA (Pakistan), writes about the The challenge for individual Commonwealth Mr Jeffrey Hyland, Editor impact of social media on Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians is even more acute as they have The Parliamentarian, Parliamentarians in particular and asks whether to grapple with providing engaging content for their Commonwealth Parliamentary social media will be, and should