A Survey of Peer-To-Peer Storage Techniques for Distributed File Systems
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Electronic Evidence in Torrent Copyright Cases
ARTICLE: ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN TORRENT COPYRIGHT By Thomas M. Dunlap and CASES Nicholas A. Kurtz Introduction distribute copies of the registered copyrighted work.1 This article explores the methodology behind The Copyright Act further provides that anyone who obtaining electronic evidence of peer-to-peer users violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright 2 and the use of that evidence in current copyright owner is an infringer of the copyright. infringement actions in United States Federal Courts. Pursuant to the Copyright Act, a plaintiff may elect Over the last year and a half, a number of lawsuits to recover statutory damages instead of actual have been filed on behalf of film copyright holders damages or the infringer’s profits. 17 U.S.C. § 504(c) seeking to enforce their rights against users of peer- provides: “the copyright owner may elect, at any time to-peer (P2P) torrent-type technologies used to before final judgment is rendered, to recover, instead unlawfully download and distribute films. of actual damages and profits, an award of statutory At the time of filing their complaints, the plaintiffs damages for all infringements involved in the action, have only been able to identify the Doe defendants by with respect to any one work ... in a sum of not less their internet Protocol (IP) address, the file hash, file than $750 or more than $30,000 as the court title, and the date and time of the alleged considers just.” Section 504(c) further provides that infringement. The only way that the plaintiffs can where an infringement is committed willfully, a court determine the defendants’ actual names is by has the discretion to increase the award of statutory 3 obtaining the information from the internet Service damages to $150,000. -
Services for Microsoft Onedrive for Business
Service Overview SERVICES FOR MICROSOFT ONEDRIVE FOR BUSINESS Simplify where workers go for content sharing and collaboration Business Challenge ESSENTIALS Dynamic teams are constantly collaborating, which means easily Dell Technologies Consulting Services can sharing personal and team documents is a must for todays’ help you gain the most from your OneDrive innovative workers. All too often organizations have multiple content for Business investment with: repositories without a single standard for the entire workforce which • Repeatable, mature methodologies can cause frustration and impact worker productivity. designed for delivery efficiency and Simplifying where your workers go to collaborate and share content quality accelerate content migrations can boost innovation, increase productivity and more importantly • Determining and delivering the optimal worker satisfaction. For organizations who have adopted Office 365, OneDrive client deployment model as OneDrive for Business is the logical choice. But how do you part of your Windows 10 and Office 365 efficiently migrate, retire and consolidate personal and team files ProPlus initiatives from overlapping content repositories to control costs? • Security and management tuning at the It’s easy with Dell Technologies Consulting Services. We are a Gold worker, device and application level Certified Microsoft Partner with experience migrating organizations of all sizes and verticals to Office 365. • Migration and consolidation of content from a wide variety of sources • The right mix of -
FASTTRACK Through FUJITSU-DEV
FASTTRACK through FUJITSU-DEV Americas Headquarters: Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA FASTTRACK through FUJITSU-DEV FASTTRACK FASTTRACK Name/CLI Keyword fasttrack Full Name FastTrack Description FastTrack is a file sharing client software that is based on peer-to-peer connection. FastTrack is used by multiple file sharing applications such as Kazaa, Grokster, iMesh, and Morpheus. Initialization: Initial the connection with FastTrack server over HTTP. Search: Searching for files in FastTrack server. Download: Download request from FastTracker server. Reference http://developer.berlios.de/projects/gift-fasttrack/ Global ID L7:57 ID 57 Known Mappings UDP Port - TCP Port - IP Protocol - IP Version IPv4 Support Yes IPv6 Support Yes Application Group fasttrack-group Category file-sharing Sub Category p2p-networking P2P Technology Yes Encrypted No Tunnel No Underlying Protocols - 2 FASTTRACK through FUJITSU-DEV FASTTRACK-STATIC FASTTRACK-STATIC Name/CLI Keyword fasttrack-static Full Name fasttrack-static Description FastTrack Traffic - KaZaA Morpheus Grokster... Reference - Global ID L7:1322 ID 1322 Known Mappings UDP Port 1214 TCP Port 1214 IP Protocol - IP Version IPv4 Support Yes IPv6 Support Yes Application Group fasttrack-group Category file-sharing Sub Category p2p-networking P2P Technology Yes Encrypted No Tunnel No Underlying Protocols - 3 FASTTRACK through FUJITSU-DEV FATSERV FATSERV Name/CLI Keyword fatserv Full Name Fatmen Server Description Fatmen Server Reference - Global ID L4:305 ID 305 Known -
Defense Against the Dark Arts of Copyright Trolling Matthew As G
Loyola University Chicago, School of Law LAW eCommons Faculty Publications & Other Works 2018 Defense Against the Dark Arts of Copyright Trolling Matthew aS g Jake Haskell Follow this and additional works at: https://lawecommons.luc.edu/facpubs Part of the Civil Procedure Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Defense Against the Dark Arts of Copyright Trolling Matthew Sag &Jake Haskell * ABSTRACT: In this Article, we offer both a legal and a pragmaticframework for defending against copyright trolls. Lawsuits alleging online copyright infringement by John Doe defendants have accounted for roughly half of all copyright casesfiled in the United States over the past threeyears. In the typical case, the plaintiffs claims of infringement rely on a poorly substantiatedform pleading and are targeted indiscriminately at noninfringers as well as infringers. This practice is a subset of the broaderproblem of opportunistic litigation, but it persists due to certain unique features of copyright law and the technical complexity of Internet technology. The plaintiffs bringing these cases target hundreds or thousands of defendants nationwide and seek quick settlements pricedjust low enough that it is less expensive for the defendant to pay rather than to defend the claim, regardless of the claim's merits. We report new empirical data on the continued growth of this form of copyright trolling in the United States. We also undertake a detailed analysis of the legal andfactual underpinnings of these cases. Despite theirunderlying weakness, plaintiffs have exploited information asymmetries, the high cost of federal court litigation, and the extravagant threat of statutory damages for copyright infringement to leverage settlementsfrom the guilty and the innocent alike. -
Charter Spectrum Notice of Copyright Infringement
Charter Spectrum Notice Of Copyright Infringement Davis educating his chauffeuse nichers thrasonically, but quartered Stanfield never pulverising so loose. Judicial and apprehensible Kenneth braised consumptively and clutch his abstention intractably and tracklessly. Yehudi often discuss spinally when unattainted Foster melodized past and braked her alps. There must be of charter communications operating credit for the transaction in a home where they do next and choose what cox Or abduct any product identification proprietary copyright or other. This website is vast service of Charter Communications Inc andor its respective subsidiaries providing the. While many users panic when receiving infringement notices from their ISP in the majority of cases there cause no need never worry Stopping sharing the lump in longevity usually solves the few and tie no additional sharing takes place to further warnings should be received for legitimate content are least. Alleging copyright infringement against an unnamed defendant Defendant1. And record labels who want over 10000 copyrights is fair clear message to ISPs like. Some policy forms an exclusion for trademark infringement. Recently changed commerce, infringement notice of charter spectrum copyright. Organization violated the Digital Millennium Copyright Act hurt when. Elizabeth Hart et al v Charter Communications Inc et al No. How tough my ISP tell below I'm downloading copyrighted files. Infringement claims continue to it brought frequently in the communications. Time Warner Subpoena Archives Torrent Lawsuit Defense. How to Pirate Software Without been Caught Gizmodo. Looking to a lawsuit attorneys fees logically flow as of infringement, net primarily include bandwidth being accused by them? For Android devices both clients work just got but the notable speed difference between BitTorrent and uTorrent in male former's favor gives it intelligent edge. -
NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0
NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 © 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Release Notes for NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 1 CHAPTER 2 BGP 3 BITTORRENT 6 CITRIX 7 DHCP 8 DIRECTCONNECT 9 DNS 10 EDONKEY 11 EGP 12 EIGRP 13 EXCHANGE 14 FASTTRACK 15 FINGER 16 FTP 17 GNUTELLA 18 GOPHER 19 GRE 20 H323 21 HTTP 22 ICMP 23 IMAP 24 IPINIP 25 IPV6-ICMP 26 IRC 27 KAZAA2 28 KERBEROS 29 L2TP 30 NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 iii Contents LDAP 31 MGCP 32 NETBIOS 33 NETSHOW 34 NFS 35 NNTP 36 NOTES 37 NTP 38 OSPF 39 POP3 40 PPTP 41 PRINTER 42 RIP 43 RTCP 44 RTP 45 RTSP 46 SAP 47 SECURE-FTP 48 SECURE-HTTP 49 SECURE-IMAP 50 SECURE-IRC 51 SECURE-LDAP 52 SECURE-NNTP 53 SECURE-POP3 54 SECURE-TELNET 55 SIP 56 SKINNY 57 SKYPE 58 SMTP 59 SNMP 60 SOCKS 61 SQLNET 62 SQLSERVER 63 SSH 64 STREAMWORK 65 NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 iv Contents SUNRPC 66 SYSLOG 67 TELNET 68 TFTP 69 VDOLIVE 70 WINMX 71 NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 v Contents NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 vi CHAPTER 1 Release Notes for NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 NBAR2 Standard Protocol Pack Overview The Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR2) Standard Protocol Pack 1.0 is provided as the base protocol pack with an unlicensed Cisco image on a device. -
Forcing the Net Through a Sieve: Why Copyright Filtering Is Not a Viable Solution for U.S
Forcing the Net Through a Sieve: Why Copyright Filtering is Not a Viable Solution for U.S. ISPs Mehan Jayasuriya, Jef Pearlman, Robb Topolski, Michael Weinberg, Sherwin Siy www.PublicKnowledge.org i Acknowledgements The authors of this paper would like to thank the following advocates for their assistance and suggestions during the editing process: Public Knowledge president Gigi Sohn, Public Knowledge staff attorney Rashmi Rangnath, Public Knowledge legal consultant Adam Thomas, Public Knowledge intern Katy Tasker and Electronic Frontier Foundation staff technologist Peter Eckersley. ii Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................... 2 2. Technological Analysis: The Anatomy of a Copyright Filter ............................................... 7 I. Determining Filter Policy ............................................................................................................................................. 8 A. Strict Policy Definition.....................................................................................................................................................8 B. Permissive Policy Definition..........................................................................................................................................9 II. Identifying Types of Content.....................................................................................................................................10 -
Title: P2P Networks for Content Sharing
Title: P2P Networks for Content Sharing Authors: Choon Hoong Ding, Sarana Nutanong, and Rajkumar Buyya Grid Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia (chd, sarana, raj)@cs.mu.oz.au ABSTRACT Peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies have been widely used for content sharing, popularly called “file-swapping” networks. This chapter gives a broad overview of content sharing P2P technologies. It starts with the fundamental concept of P2P computing followed by the analysis of network topologies used in peer-to-peer systems. Next, three milestone peer-to-peer technologies: Napster, Gnutella, and Fasttrack are explored in details, and they are finally concluded with the comparison table in the last section. 1. INTRODUCTION Peer-to-peer (P2P) content sharing has been an astonishingly successful P2P application on the Internet. P2P has gained tremendous public attention from Napster, the system supporting music sharing on the Web. It is a new emerging, interesting research technology and a promising product base. Intel P2P working group gave the definition of P2P as "The sharing of computer resources and services by direct exchange between systems". This thus gives P2P systems two main key characteristics: • Scalability: there is no algorithmic, or technical limitation of the size of the system, e.g. the complexity of the system should be somewhat constant regardless of number of nodes in the system. • Reliability: The malfunction on any given node will not effect the whole system (or maybe even any other nodes). File sharing network like Gnutella is a good example of scalability and reliability. -
An Empirical Study of Seeders in Bittorrent
An Empirical Study of Seeders in BitTorrent Justin Bieber, Michael Kenney, Nick Torre, and Landon P. Cox Duke University, Durham, NC Abstract a wide range of content to nearly 4 million users at any moment. BitTorrent has attracted attention from researchers As was the case in Izal's study, we collected data by and the press for its wide deployment and explicit goal passively monitoring BitTorrent use through the trackers of eliminating free-riding, but many of the most impor- that coordinate peers. This prevented us from directly tant peers in BitTorrent operate outside of its incentive observing how users respond to BitTorrent's incentive mechanisms. Altruistic seeders help bootstrap new peers mechanisms, but provided us with the number of seed- and provide a significant fraction of the global upload ers (peers who are uploading, but not downloading) and bandwidth. We have taken an empirical approach to un- leechers (peers who are downloading). derstanding seeders by studying 35 BitTorrent sites with Seeders are particularly important for bootstrapping nearly four million users at any moment over several new peers and to network performance. Many sites ex- weeks. plicitly encourage peers to continue uploading data even Our study focuses on two aspects of seeders. First, we after their download has finished. These reminders are looked at the relationship between the number of seeders necessary because seeding is altruistic rather than self- and bandwidth utilization. A case study of a Linux dis- interested; BitTorrent's incentive mechanisms cannot re- tribution network showed that as bandwidth utilization ward seeders for the upload bandwidth they contribute. -
Peer-To-Peer File Sharing As User Rights Activism Michael A
Western Journal of Legal Studies Volume 5 Article 3 Issue 3 State Encroachment on Personal Lives February 2015 Peer-to-Peer File Sharing as User Rights Activism Michael A. Gunn University of Western Ontario, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/uwojls Part of the Civil Law Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Common Law Commons, Communications Law Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Computer Law Commons, Consumer Protection Law Commons, E-Commerce Commons, Economic History Commons, European Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, International Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal History Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Policy Commons Recommended Citation Michael A. Gunn , "Peer-to-Peer File Sharing as User Rights Activism", (2015) 5:3 online: UWO J Leg Stud 3 <https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/ uwojls/vol5/iss3/3>. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western Journal of Legal Studies by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Peer-to-Peer File Sharing as User Rights Activism Abstract The pre-digital marketplace is no longer sustainable. With the imposition of digital rights management restrictions on the distribution of media, the Internet cannot promote intellectual freedom. Peer-to-peer file sharing technology helps expose the work of artists and authors to a much wider audience than previously possible. -
Notes the Fate of Bittorrent John Does
Ren_18 (S. Alessi) (Do Not Delete) 5/24/2013 4:36 PM Notes The Fate of BitTorrent John Does: A Civil Procedure Analysis of Copyright Litigation Patience Ren* Copyright owners can trace online violations to an infringer’s Internet protocol address but cannot identify her unless they obtain court approval to serve a subpoena on an Internet service provider. As the most popular peer-to-peer file-sharing protocol today, BitTorrent requires users to share files with each other in a conspiracy-like fashion. By arguing that this feature imparts a “same transaction” character to BitTorrent infringement activities, a copyright owner can seek to join multitudes of Internet protocol addresses as John Doe defendants in an application for early discovery. Courts are divided as to whether early discovery should be granted where tens, hundreds, or sometimes thousands of Internet protocol addresses are joined together in one case. Many in the Internet user community fault copyright owners for using the courts as a mere instrument to seek identification information en masse as part of a coercive practice to induce monetary settlements. This Note examines how case law relating to early discovery and civil procedure joinder rules applies to multiple defendants allegedly participating in a “same transaction” that occurs solely within the inner workings of a file-sharing protocol. Even if BitTorrent usage legally supports joinder, this Note highlights the difficult balance between the right to enforce a copyright and the rights of Internet users to be free from litigation threats. Without a legislative response that is resilient in the face of an ever-changing technology, copyright infringement problems will continue to inundate our courts. -
Should Copyright Laws Be Able to Keep up with Online Piracy?
SHOULD COPYRIGHT LAWS BE ABLE TO KEEP UP WITH ONLINE PIRACY? STEPHANIE MINNOCK INTRODUCTION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL AND ILLEGAL ONLINE VIDEO MARKET ............................................................ 524 I. COPYRIGHT IN CYBERSPACE ............................................................. 527 A. Copyright Law: From Constitution to Cyberspace ............ 528 B. Jurisdiction over Internets: Long Arm Not Long Enough? ... 531 C. Domain Name Seizures: The Whack-A-Mole Effect .............. 533 II. COPYRIGHT CIRCUMVENTING TECHNOLOGY: WHY THERE IS AN ISSUE WITH THE INTERNET ......................................................... 535 A. Streaming Online Content ..................................................... 536 B. Virtual Private Networks: Tunnels to Liability-Free Infringement? ...................................................................... 538 C. Tor: Encrypting Copyright Infringer’s Actions? .................. 539 D. Seedboxes and Cyberlockers: An Illegal Downloader’s Dream? ............................................................................... 540 E. Cloud Technology: Unseizable Servers, Ever-Rotating Jurisdiction ......................................................................... 541 III. EFFECTIVE LAWS HAVE HIGH COSTS ............................................. 542 A. Increasing Courts’ Authority Regarding Copyright Infringement is Not Ideal .................................................... 543 B. Existing Technology Could Circumvent any Reasonable Legislation .........................................................................