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Overview of OLED: Structure and Operation
OLEDs: Modifiability and Applications Jill A. Rowehl 3.063- Polymer Physics 21 May 2007 1 "The dream is to get to the point where you can roll out OLEDs or stick them up like Post-it notes," --Janice Mahon, vice president of technical commercialization at Universal Display1 Take a look at your cell phone; do you see a display that saves your battery and doubles as a mirror? When you dream of your next TV, are you picturing an unbelievably thin screen that can be seen perfectly from any viewing angle? If you buy a movie two decades from now, will it come in a cheap, disposable box that continually plays the trailer? These three products are all applications of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). OLEDs are amazing devices that can be modified through even the smallest details of chemical structure or processing and that have a variety of applications, most notably lighting and flexible displays. Overview of OLEDs: Structure and Operation The OLED structure is similar to inorganic LEDs: an emitting layer between an anode and a cathode. Holes and electrons are injected from the anode and cathode; when the charge carriers annihilate in the middle organic layer, a photon is emitted. However, there is sometimes difficulty in injecting carriers into the organic layer from the usually inorganic contacts. To solve this problem, often the structure includes an electron transport layer (ETL) and/or a hole transport layer (HTL), which facilitate the injection of charge carriers. All of 2 these layers must be grown on top of each other, with the first grown on a substrate (see Figure 1). -
Ohmic Contacts for Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Ohmic contacts for organic optoelectronic devices Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTOR-INGENIEURS (Dr.-Ing.) von der KIT-Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte DISSERTATION Von Naresh Kotadiya geb. In: Gujarat, Indien Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 31.01.2020 Hauptreferent: Prof. Dr. Uli Lemmer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Paul W. M. Blom Hauptreferent: Prof. Dr. Uli Lemmer LTI, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Paul W. M. Blom Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung und Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Randel IPQ, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany Weiterer Prüfer: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Olaf Dössel IBT, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany Weitere Prüferin: Prof. Dr. Tabea Arndt ITEP, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany . To, Bhagwan Swaminarayan and my Gurus for inspiring my dreams and blessing me. In the joy of others, lies our own by H.D.H. Pramukh Swami Maharaj. Abstract In last three decades, great progress has been made in the field of organic electronics. Researchers have put tremendous efforts to make new materials and device architec- tures, which has resulted in a great commercial success of organic light emitting diodes in mobile phone and television display screens. Despite that, still today it is challenging to make organic electronic devices that are efficient in performance, stable in operation and are economical in production at the same time. The objective of this thesis is to understand fundamental charge transport properties of small molecules based organic semiconductors and to develop novel organic electronic device architectures. One of the prime requirements for efficient organic optoelectronic devices is to have ohmic charge injection contacts. -
Revolutionary Pixels for Tomorrow's OLED Displays
Revolutionary pixels for tomorrow’s OLED displays Intro Deck Max Lemaitre [email protected] (847) 269-3692 LCD TV Factory $6B USD (2008) 2 Confidential & Proprietary SHUTDOWN 2021 3 Confidential & Proprietary 90% Declining LCD Market share 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% OLED 30% Opportunity 20% 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 4 Confidential & Proprietary LCD OLED TV Factory 5 Confidential & Proprietary We recycle aging LCD display factories and simplify manufacturing for more profitable OLED production Up to $900M in CAPEX savings per factory >25% reduction in panel manufacturing costs 6 Confidential & Proprietary The “OLED Backplane Problem” Conventional OLED Pixel Transistor (TFT) Backplane: Ø Supplies current to pixel and acts as the pixel’s internal “dimmer switch” Light-emitting Frontplane: Ø converts electrical current to light Transistor Light Backplane Zoom-in of a TV display OLED (array of OLED pixels) Frontplane Single Pixel Top View 7 Confidential & Proprietary The “OLED Backplane Problem” Conventional OLED Pixel BACKPLANE PROBLEM Transistor (TFT) Backplane: Complex Ø Supplies current to pixel and acts as pixel circuits the pixel’s internal “dimmer switch” In-pixel compensation 5 to 7 TFTs Light-emitting Frontplane: Ø converts electrical current to light Exotic Materials Quaternary alloy Narrow processing window Transistor Light sensitivity Light Backplane Expensive Equipment OLED Limited scalability Frontplane Inhomogeneity 8 Confidential & Proprietary Mattrix’s OLED Backplane SOLUTION Mattrix circumvents what is known as the “OLED backplane problem”, -
QLED Vs. W-OLED: TV Display Technology Shoot-Out
Public Information Display QLED vs. W-OLED: TV Display Technology Shoot-Out This year's display product introductions—from CES 2017 to the most recent IFA 2017 event—are pointing towards the fact that display technology is poised for evolution. There are two competing technologies that display manufacturers have been using to take the picture quality to the new heights: QLED and OLED. While the technologies are using similar acronyms, their working principles differ substantially. With the abundance of marketing materials around both, it could be hard to see the forest for the trees. Samsung Display team set out to take a step back from the advertising jargon and "look under the hood" to help you truly understand what solution best suits your industry and application. First and foremost, let's get the nomenclature straight. QLED – Quantum Dot LED QLED stands for Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode, also referred to as quantum dot-enhanced LCD screen. While similar in working principle to conventional LCDs, QLEDs are using the properties of quantum dot particles to advance color purity and improve display efficiency. Quantum dots are integrated with the backlight system of the LCD screen, most commonly with the help of Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF) that takes place of the diffuser film. Blue LEDs illuminate the film, and quantum dots output the appropriate color, based on their size. OLED – Organic LED OLED stands for Organic Light-Emitting Diode, which is self-emitting. Not all OLEDs are using the same tech though. The OLED technology used in phone screens is RGB-OLED, which is completely different from the White OLED (also referred to as W-OLED) used in TVs and large format displays. -
Low Voltage Organic Field Effect Light Emitting Transistors with Vertical Geometry
4th International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Engineering and Natural Sciences SETSCI Conference November 22-24, 2019, Samsun, Turkey Proceedings https://doi.org/10.36287/setsci.4.6.112 4 (6), 437-440, 2019 2687-5527/ © 2019 The Authors. Published by SETSCI Low Voltage Organic Field Effect Light Emitting Transistors with Vertical Geometry Melek Uygun1*+, Savaş Berber2 1Occupational Health and Safety Program, Altınbas University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Physics Department, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey *Corresponding authors and +Speaker: [email protected] Presentation/Paper Type: Oral / Full Paper Abstract –The devices developed in the field of organic electronics in recent years are on the technological applications and development of organic electronic devices using organic semiconductor films. The main applications of the organic electronic revolution are; Electrochromic Device, Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED), Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFET). Among these devices, OLED technology has taken its place in the commercial market in the last five years and has started to be used in our daily life in a short time. The efficiency of OFET devices is related to the operation of the devices at low voltage. This is only possible if the load carriers in the channel of the OFET have a low distance. A new field of research is the ability to implement two or more features on a single device, in the construction of integrated devices. Light emitting transistors (OLEFET), where light emission and current modulation are collected in a single device, are the most intensively studied devices. In this study, ITO substrate, source and drain electrodes were made from aluminum electrode structured organic field effect OLEFETs. -
Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Devices
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Benjamin J. Norris for the degree of Mast?r of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering presented on June 11, 1999. Title: Light-Emitting Devices Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved -~----- In this thesis steady-state (i. e. steady-state with respect to the applied volt age waveform) transient current-transient voltage [i(t)-v(t)], transient brightness transient current [b(t)-i(t)], transient brightness-transient voltage [b(t)-v(t)], tran sient current [i{t)], transient brightness [b(t)], and detrapped charge analysis are introduced as novel organic light emitting device (OLED) characterization meth ods. These analysis methods involve measurement of the instantaneous voltage [v(t)] across, the instantaneous current [i(t)] through, and the instantaneous brightness [b(t)] from an OLED when it is subjected to a bipolar, piecewise-linear applied volt age waveform. The utility of these characterization methods is demonstrated via comparison of different types of OLEDs and polymer light emitting devices (PLEDs) and from a preliminary study of OLED aging. Some of the device parameters ob tained from these characterization methods include: OLED capacitance, accumu lated charge, electron transport layer (ETL) thickness, hole transport layer (HTL) thickness, OLED thickness, parallel resistance, and series resistance. A current bump observed in i(t)-v(t) curves is attributed to the removal of accumulated hole charge from the ETL/HTL interface and is only observed in heterojunctions (i.e. OLEDs), not in single-layer devices (i. e. PLEDs). Using the characterization methods devel oped in this thesis, two important OLED device physics conclusions are obtained: (1) Hole accumulation at the ETL/HTL interface plays an important role in estab lishing balanced charge injection of electrons and holes into the OLED. -
Fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diodes in an Undergraduate Physics Course
AC 2011-79: FABRICATION OF ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES IN AN UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICS COURSE Robert Ross, University of Detroit Mercy Robert A. Ross is a Professor of Physics in the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at the University of Detroit Mercy. His research interests include semiconductor devices and physics pedagogy. Ross received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Physics from Wayne State University in Detroit. Meghann Norah Murray, University of Detroit Mercy Meghann Murray has a position in the department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at University of Detroit Mercy. She received her BS and MS degrees in Chemistry from UDM and is certified to teach high school chemistry and physics. She has taught in programs such as the Detroit Area Pre-College Engineering Program. She has been a judge with the Science and Engineering Fair of Metropolitan Detroit and FIRST Lego League. She was also a mentor and judge for FIRST high school robotics. She is currently the chair of the Younger Chemists Committee and Treasurer of the Detroit Local Section of the American Chemical Society and is conducting research at UDM. Page 22.696.1 Page c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Fabrication of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes in an Undergraduate Physics Course Abstract Thin film organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent the state-of-the-art in electronic display technology. Their use ranges from general lighting applications to cellular phone displays. The ability to produce flexible and even transparent displays presents an opportunity for a variety of innovative applications. Science and engineering students are familiar with displays but typically lack understanding of the underlying physical principles and device technologies. -
Oled Module Specification
MULTI-INNO TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. www.multi-inno.com OLED MODULE SPECIFICATION Model : MI6432AO-W For Customer's Acceptance: Customer Approved Comment Revision 1.0 Engineering Date 2013-04-07 Our Reference MODULE NO.: MI6432AO-W Ver 1.0 REVISION RECORD REV NO. REV DATE CONTENTS REMARKS 1.0 2013-04-07 Initial Release MULTI-INNO TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. P.2 MODULE NO.: MI6432AO-W Ver 1.0 CONTENT PHYSICAL DATA EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION AND APPLICATION CIRCUIT ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS INTERFACE PIN CONNECTIONS RELIABILITY TESTS OUTGOING QUALITY CONTROL SPECIFICATION CAUTIONS IN USING OLED MODULE MULTI-INNO TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. P.3 MODULE NO.: MI6432AO-W Ver 1.0 PHYSICAL DATA No. Items Specification Unit 1 Display Mode Passive Matrix OLED - 2 Display ColorMonochrome (White) - 3 Duty 1/32 - 4 Resolution 64 (W)x 32(H) Pixel 5 Active Area 11.18 (W) x 5.58 (H) mm 2 6 Outline Dimension 14.50 (W) x 11.60 (H) x 1.28 (D) mm 3 7 Dot Pitch 0.175 (W) x 0.175 (H) mm 2 8 Dot Size 0.155 (W) x 0.155 (H) mm 2 9 Aperture Rate 78 % 10 Driver IC SSD1306Z - 11 Interface I2C - 12 Weight 0.42f10% g MULTI-INNO TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. P.4 MODULE NO.: MI6432AO-W Ver 1.0 EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS MULTI-INNO TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. P.5 MODULE NO.: MI6432AO-W Ver 1.0 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ITEM SYMBOL MIN MAX UNIT REMARK IC maximum VDD -0.3 4.0 V rating Supply Voltage IC maximum VBAT -0.3 5.0 V rating IC maximum OLED Operating Voltage VCC 0 16 V rating Operating Temp. -
Current-Voltage Characteristics of Organic
CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS: INTERFACIAL CONTROL BETWEEN ORGANIC LAYERS AND ELECTRODES A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Takeshi Kondo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology August, 2007 Copyright © Takeshi Kondo 2007 CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS: INTERFACIAL CONTROL BETWEEN ORGANIC LAYERS AND ELECTRODES Approved by: Dr. Seth R. Marder, Advisor Dr. Joseph W. Perry School of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Bernard Kippelen, Co-Advisor Dr. Mohan Srinivasarao School of Electrical and Computer School of Textile and Fiber Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Jean-Luc Brédas School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: June 12, 2007 To Chifumi, Ayame, Suzuna, and Lintec Corporation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Prof. Seth R. Marder for all his guidance and support as my adviser. I am also grateful to Prof. Bernard Kippelen for serving as my co-adviser. Since I worked with them, I have been very fortunate to learn tremendous things from them. Seth’s enthusiasm about and dedication to science and education have greatly influenced me. It is always a pleasure to talk with Seth on various aspects of chemistry and life. Bernard’s encouragement and scientific advice have always been important to organize my research. I have been fortunate to learn from his creative and logical thinking. I must acknowledge all the current and past members of Prof. -
An Effective Bulk-Surface Thermistor Model for Large-Area Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Weierstraß-Institut f ¨urAngewandte Analysis und Stochastik Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. Preprint ISSN 2198-5855 An effective bulk-surface thermistor model for large-area organic light-emitting diodes Annegret Glitzky,Matthias Liero, Grigor Nika submitted: September 7, 2020 Weierstrass Institute Mohrenstr. 39 10117 Berlin Germany E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] No. 2757 Berlin 2020 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35Q79, 35J25, 80A20. Key words and phrases. Dimension reduced thermistor system, existence of weak solutions, entropy solutions, organic light emitting diode, self-heating. The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – The Berlin Mathematics Research Center MATH+ (EXC-2046/1, project ID: 390685689) in project AA2-1. Edited by Weierstraß-Institut fur¨ Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik (WIAS) Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. Mohrenstraße 39 10117 Berlin Germany Fax: +49 30 20372-303 E-Mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.wias-berlin.de/ An effective bulk-surface thermistor model for large-area organic light-emitting diodes Annegret Glitzky,Matthias Liero, Grigor Nika Abstract The existence of a weak solution for an effective system of partial differential equations describing the electrothermal behavior of large-area organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is proved. The effective system consists of the heat equation in the three-dimensional bulk glass substrate and two semi-linear equations for the current flow through the electrodes coupled to algebraic equations for the continuity of the electrical fluxes through the organic layers. -
Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Device Physics and Effect of Ambience on Performance Parameters
1 Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Device Physics and Effect of Ambience on Performance Parameters T.A. Shahul Hameed1, P. Predeep1 and M.R. Baiju2 1Laboratory for Unconventional Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, 2Department of Electronics and Communication, College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 1. Introduction Research in Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays has been attaining greater momentum for the last two decades obviously due to their capacity to form flexible (J. H. Burroughes et al, 1990) multi color displays. Their potential advantages include easy processing, robustness and inexpensive foundry (G.Yu & A.J.Heeger, 1997) compared to inorganic counterparts. In fact, this new comer in display is rapidly moving from fundamental research into industrial product, throwing many new challenges (J. Dane and J.Gao, 2004; G. Dennler et al, 2006) like degradation and lifetime. In order to design suitable structures for application specific displays, the studies pertaining to the device physics and models are essentially important. Such studies will lead to the development of accurate and reliable models of performance, design optimization, integration with existing platforms, design of silicon driver circuitry and prevention of device degradation. More over, a clear understanding on the device physics (W.Brutting et al, 2001) is necessary for optimizing the electrical properties including balanced carrier injection (J.C.Scott et al, 1997: A.Benor et al., 2010) and the location of the emission in the device. The degradation (J.C.Scott et al, 1996; J. Dane and J.Gao, 2004) of the device is primarily caused by the moisture , which poses questions to the reliability and life of this promising display. -
Improved Light Extraction Efficiency of Organic Light Emitting Diode Using Photonic Crystals
Improved Light Extraction Efficiency of Organic Light Emitting Diode using Photonic Crystals Chaya B. M., Venkatesha M., Ananya N. and Narayan K. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, Rajanukunte, Bangalore, India Keywords: Organic Light Emitting Diode, Photonic Crystals, Light Extraction Efficiency. Abstract: In this work modelling of two dimensional of a fluorescence based Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) using plastic as flexible substrate is presented. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) mathematical modelling has been used to analyse the light extraction efficiency from fluorescence based Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED). The OLED structure has been simulated by using 2D Hexagonal photonic crystal lattice. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is used to model and simulate the OLED structure. An enhancement of Internal Quantum Efficiency (IQE) and Light Extraction Efficiency (LEE) has been achieved by inserting Photonic Crystal above the emissive layer. The improvement in the extraction efficiency of OLED structure is achieved by increasing the radiative decay rate and by optimizing the angular distribution of light through the substrate. 1 INTRODUCTION substrate may affect the thermal resistance (Kim et al., 2004). In this paper Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Organic Light Emitting Diode is an electrolumi- (PET) is used as a Plastic Substrate. PET has greater nescence device which is formed using double layer flexibility, robustness and is less expensive structure of organic layers to produce light emission. compared to glass substrate. The PET is a polymer This is achieved by driving voltage as dc source electrode with high transmission in visible range of below 10 Volts (Tang and VanSlyke, 1987).