1875 1880 1870 Typical House Styles Built in Ontario During This Time Period Queen Anne Eastlake Shingle Stick

1870s

1876 .Many American historians believe the Anmerican Victorian Age began in 1876 when Reconstruction was coming to a conclusion after the Civil War.

Edison Bell Edison develops invents the developed incandescent telephone phonograph light bulb 1870 1875 1880

Model Colony Context Context Citrus Context

Gabled roof, usually Typical House steeply pitched Decorative trusses in gables Steeply pitched cross gables Styles Built in usually present Overhanging eaves, usually with Ontario during exposed rafter ends

this time period Horizontal and vertical bands (less commonly diagonal) Diagonal or raised from wall surfaces for curving porch emphasis supports

Wooden wall cladding (boards or shingles) Queen Anne Eastlake Shingle Stick 1880s

1882 1886 George and William B. Chaffey innovatively Charles Frankish managed the planned the Model Colony complete with a new land company (Ontario Land central boulevard (Euclid Avenue), agricultural and Improvement Company) college (Chaffey College) and a mutual water from 1886 until he purchased its 1889 company (San Antonio Water Co.). The Chaffey holdings in 1912 when it became John S. Armstrong arrived in Bros. named the development “Ontario” after 1885 the Frankish Co. The water Ontario. Within a few years of his their hometown of Ontario, Canada. They sold Chaffey Agricultural College of the University fountain, land and commerce 1888 arrival, he started Armstrong of California opened with 12 students and 9 a variety of lots bundled with water rights for office, gravity mule car, and Gravity Mule Car was established along the Nursery which specialized in teachers, Construction began in March, 1883. $150-$250 per acre. Chaffey Bros. sold their lavish homes along the Union Euclid Avenue median. Mules pulled cars Eucalyptus (for wind rows) and The first class graduated in June, 1890. Ontario interests for $275,000 in1886 to Los Pacific Railroad helped to market uphill to San Antonio Heights and rode on Olive trees. It was not for several Angeles real estate brokers and bankers and Ontario to prospective residents the cars downhill to Ontario. decades that his name became headed to Australia to plan more irrigation and investors. synonymous with roses. colonies in 1886. Roll-in Electric camera streetcar first sold – developed The Kodak

1880 1885 1890

1882 San Antonio Water Co. incorporated. 1889 Each land owner owned shares in the Ontario has 2,471 acres in citrus water company and were guaranteed a and is rated the City with the fair share of the available water supply. 1883 Euclid Avenue completed and 8,000 1887 second largest citrus acreage in trees planted along it. The fountain Southern Pacific Railroad the State. The first railcar of shown in the median was rumored to be provides service to Ontario and oranges is shipped from Ontario turned on when trains arrived from Los Santa Fe Railroad provides out of state. Angeles to show that water was service to North Ontario (now available. The fountain was moved to its Upland). Union Pacific Railroad current location in front of the Old City comes to Ontario in 1903. Hall in 1983-84 as a result of the Euclid Avenue underpass project.

Model Colony Context Context Citrus Context

this time period Horizontal and vertical bands (less commonly diagonal) Diagonal or raised from wall surfaces for curving porch emphasis supports

Wooden wall cladding (boards or shingles) Queen Anne Eastlake Shingle Stick 1890s

1893 Several Ontario fruit exchanges were organized. These exchanges helped to create more uniform methods of marketing In addition to oranges, lemons grapes, and distributing profits to local growers on 1895 and olives, peaches, apricots, plums, a prorata basis, making citrus more The Ontario Electric Company apples, cherries, and walnuts were also financially viable. The first train load of was incorporated and began 1896 successfully grown in Ontario. 1891 oranges left Ontario and arrived on the providing electricity to the gravity Over five Ontario incorporates on December 10, 1891 with East Coast. Much of the fruit was picked car line and an arc lamp was in percent of a population of about 550. The first meeting of by Chinese immigrants who had operation on the grounds of the Ontario’s citrus the 5 man Board of Trustees (now called City immigrated to work on the railroad Ontario Hotel. crop was lost to Council) was held on December 22, 1891. expansion. wind and frost.

First public Ellis Island showing of Chicago opens a motion World’s Spanish-American War picture Fair

1890 1895 1897 1900 George Chaffey returns to Ontario from Australia and helps Ontario find needed underground water sources.

1892 1890 1891 The Ontario Packing 1893/1894 First citrus fair held Ontario lemons Company organized and The City took on more civic in Ontario for take all the prizes at began operating in a building responsibilities by 1894 surrounding State Fair. near the Southern Pacific establishing the first fire Graber “Olive House” communities depot. department in 1893 and was founded at its assuming the Library current location on East operations in 1894. Fourth Street. It is one of the oldest businesses in Ontario.

Population: 550 Model Colony Context Citrus Context

Shingle and Queen Anne – See elevations in earlier decade Victorian Eclectic Mission Revival Colonial & Dutch Craftsman Colonial Revival 1900’s

1903 1906 E.H. Richardson 1910 In 1906 the Chaffey invents Hotpoint Iron, Chaffey College reopens, after endowment was legally first electric iron closing in 1901 due to meager separated from the University heated to the point. financial resources, as a Junior 1900 of Southern California and the The Hotpoint Iron was College with 100 students. The Fallis House was built in 1900. It recently reorganized Chaffey the first commonly College shared the campus with became the City’s first local Union High School District available electrical Chaffey High School for five landmark in 1993. The house is a became the beneficiary of the appliance in the decades. In 1916, the college unique combination of Second College Trust. Empire and Queen Anne style of American home. became a publicly funded institution. architecture. Pres. McKinley First San Ford assassinated airplane Francisco Model T & Queen flight by earthquake available to Victoria Wright kills 503 the public dies Bros. 1900 1905 1906 1910 1904 North Ontario incorporated After Congress under the name Upland. In ratified Ontario as a 1888, 1895 and again in Model Colony in 1902, North Ontario fought 1903, a model was annexation by the City of displayed at the St. Ontario. Louis Worlds Fair.

1902 1900 Ontario Power Co. produced far Secundo Guasti arrived in Ontario and more electricity than they could purchased 6,000 acres (including the sell. As a result, E.H. Richardson Late 1890s/Early 1900s town of Zucker – except the depot) and begins developing appliances to increase demand for power The first dairies come to Chino Valley. The introduced dry farming to the region. cows were pasture fed and were milked in the corral, not a barn. The dry-lot farming found in the dairy industry today was not brought to Southern California until the 1920’s by Dutch and Portuguese immigrants. Population: 772 Model Colony Context Citrus Context New Model Colony (Dairy) Context – Phase 1

Shingle, Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, Victorian Eclectic, Mission Revival, Mediterranean Revival, French Eclectic Revival, Bungalow, Tudor Revival and Craftsman – See elevations in earlier and the following decades American Pueblo Revival Neoclassical Prairie Foursquare Revival 1910s

1912 1918 Victory Day Parade Charles Frankish bought Hotpoint merges with General Electric and out the other interests to becomes the Edison Electric Appliance Company own Ontario Land and 1916 Improvement Co. after Frankish Building was built in 1916 in the 1918 having managed it since Italianate architectural style. It was the The first California man to be killed during 1886. He changed the City’s first National Register of Historic WW1 was Ralph T. Kingery, an Ontario name to Frankish Co. Places in 1980. resident.

First trans- Titanic Panama First transcontinental sinks in Canal continental airplane U.S. Involved in World War I North opens telephone flight Atlantic call

1910 1915 1916 1918 1919 1920 In 1916 the Chaffey Junior The Spanish Flu spread College of Agriculture was Ontario’s first temporary across America killing ½ airport, Bryant Field is added as a postgraduate million people in the U.S. department to the high school. constructed at the The Ontario City Council intersection of Campus Property was acquired in Alta adopted emergency Loma and a long-anticipated and State Street to measures by closing accommodate a new college opened its doors in schools, churches, the spring of 1960 Welcome Home theaters, etc. Chaffey Celebration for High School was closed servicemen returning First transcontinental for 10 weeks. telephone call from the Great War. 1913 A devastating frost kills 75 – 90% of Ontario’s orange and lemon crops. In the 1920’s, smudge pots were used to reduce the citrus loss by raising the air temperature in groves but resulted in significant air pollution. Population: 4,274 Model Colony Context Citrus Context New Model Colony (Dairy) Context – Phase 1

Shingle, Spanish Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, Neoclassical Revival, Victorian Eclectic, Mission Revival, Pueblo Revival, Prairie, and Craftsman – See elevations in earlier or the following decades Mediterranean French Eclectic Bungalow Tudor Revival Revival 1920s

As automobiles became the preferred method of travel, enterprises that catered to the traveling public such as restaurants, motels, and service stations sprang up 1920 along A Street (now Holt Blvd.). Fords and Orange Blossom Inn were popular Prohibition took effect which prohibited the 1923 1926 stops along this route. manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors. The What is now Holt Blvd. (A Street) was part of the Ocean Granada Theater was built extensive wineries survived by shipping grapes for to Ocean Highway which spanned from New York City to on Euclid Ave. in downtown home winemaking, making medicinal and Los Angeles. Most of this highway was not incorporated Ontario. It remains the only sacramental wines, grape juices and syrups. into the Federal Interstate Highway system (such as intact historic theater in Prohibition was repealed in 1933. Route 66) which was developed in the late 1920’s. Ontario. Stock Market Crash

1921 1922 1925 1926 1927 1928 1930 1920 The Citrus-By-Products Latimer Field was constructed on A separate junior college Board of Trustees The railroad refused to Company (Sunkist) is created became the City leased land west of San district was created in 1922 extend the lease on Antonio Ave. between the SP and and the factory is Council. and in 1957 bonds were Latimer Field. A new UP tracks. In 1923, Big Bear constructed. It produced 30 acre site on approved in support of a Airlines was formed in 1924 to take concentrated orange juice, California Blvd. (which travelers from Latimer Field to Big complete separation of the orange peel products and is part of the current Bear. high school and college pulp for dairy feed. airport) was dedicated facilities. as Ontario Airport.

1923/1925 Two new packing houses are erected.

Population: 7,280 Model Colony Context Citrus Context New Model Colony (Dairy) Context – Phase 1

Pueblo Revival, Mediterranean Revival, French Eclectic, Tudor Revival, Bungalow and Usonian – See elevations in earlier decades Spanish Colonial Craftsman Bungalow Monterey Revival Revival 1930s During the depression, unemployment jumped but temporary work was provided by the City to clean streets and parks and help with the new trash collection system. Hot Point was the largest single employer. The Salvation Army relocated to their new quarters at Euclid and Emporia to provide 1937 services to the needy (shown The locker rooms, clubhouse above). and additional seating were added to Jay Littleton Ballpark in John Galvin Park using WPA funds. The first game was played between Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific 1939 Coast (Minor) League and a The first All States Picnic was held on Euclid local team, the Ontario Avenue between E Street and Hawthorne Drive. Merchants. The Angels won. 30,000 persons attended represented every The ballpark was used as the State in the Union plus Hawaii, Alaska and Spring training home of the Canada. The picnic continued until the 1970’s Los Angeles Angels until 1942. (except during WWII).

1930 1931 1935 1940 The first All States Picnic was held by the Chamber of Commerce on various side streets off Euclid Avenue. In 1932, the All States Picnic was held in Galvin Park to commemorate Ontario’s 50th Anniversary.

1938 A devastating flood occurred which washed 1933 out San Antonio and Cucamonga washes. After the Long Beach earthquake in 1933, several Many homes were lost but there was little buildings on the Chaffey campus were deemed damage in downtown but the City was unsafe. Federal monies were used to construct a isolated until the water levels went down. new liberal arts building, aeronautics building and auditorium. Population: 13,583 Model Colony Context Citrus Context New Model Colony (Dairy) Context – Phase 2

Spanish Colonial Revival, Mission Revival, Pueblo Revival, Mediterranean Revival, Monterey Revival, Usonian, Minimal Traditional, French Eclectic, Tudor Revival, Pueblo Revival, Bungalow, Usonian, and Craftsman – See elevations in earlier decades Minimal Traditional California Ranch 1940s

World renowned master carpenter and artist, Sam Maloof first began making custom furniture in his single car garage on Plaza Serena in Ontario in 1948. In 1951, Better Homes and Gardens magazine published photographs of the Maloof home interior to showcase his work. It was not until 1953 that the Maloof’s relocated to Alta Loma where he continues to reside. Samples of his work are in the White House and Smithsonian Museum.

1941 1945 GE Hotpoint converts for war making bomb noses, parapack racks The citrus industry begins to decline as demands for and cabin heaters for U.S. bombers. housing caused land values to rise and new residents demanded cleaner air which made it impossible for the The WPA began construction of two concrete runways at Ontario citrus growers to continue to use smudge pots as they Airport. During WW!!, pilots were trained to fly the Lockhead P-38 had for the last 60 years. Lightning. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, practice blackouts were held regularly.

World War II Begins in Europe U.S. enters World War II after Pearl Harbor was bombed

1940 1945 1947 1950 First radio station (KOCS AM and KEDO FM) transmitted from Ontario from the Daily Reports building.

1941 The City of Ontario entered its first float in the Rose Parade and has entered a float in every parade since. While the float did not win a prize, it did generate a lot of community spirit. In addition, both Chaffey High School and Chaffey College bands marched in the Rose Parade. Population: 14,197 Model Colony Context Citrus Context New Model Colony (Dairy) Context – Phase 2

Spanish Colonial Revival, Mission Revival, Pueblo Revival, Prairie, Mediterranean Revival, Usonian, Minimal Traditional, French Eclectic, Tudor Revival, Pueblo Revival, Bungalow, California Ranch, Usonian, and Craftsman – See elevations in earlier decades Early Post War Tract Usonian