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Post Mortem Analysis of a JET Quartz Microbalance System “This Document Is Intended for Publication in the Open Literature
EFDA-JET-CP(06)02-10 H.G. Esser, V. Philipps, P. Wienhold, K. Sugiyama, A. Kreter, P. Coad, T. Tanabe and JET EFDA contributors Post Mortem Analysis of a JET Quartz Microbalance System “This document is intended for publication in the open literature. It is made available on the understanding that it may not be further circulated and extracts or references may not be published prior to publication of the original when applicable, or without the consent of the Publications Officer, EFDA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK.” “Enquiries about Copyright and reproduction should be addressed to the Publications Officer, EFDA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK.” Post Mortem Analysis of a JET Quartz Microbalance System H.G. Esser1, V. Philipps1, P. Wienhold1, K. Sugiyama3, A. Kreter1, P. Coad2, T. Tanabe3 and JET EFDA contributors* 1Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, EURATOM Association, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Jülich, Germany 2EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK 4Department of Nuclear Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan * See annex of J. Pamela et al, “Overview of JET Results”, (Proc.20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Vilamoura, Portugal (2004). Preprint of Paper to be submitted for publication in Proceedings of the 17th Plasma Surface Interactions in Fusion Devices, (Hefei Anhui, China, 22nd May - 26th May 2006) . ABSTRACT. In the year 2001 a Quartz Microbalance System (QMB) was installed in the remote area of the inner JET divertor to measure in-situ erosion and redeposition processes. -
The Potential of Turboprops to Reduce Fuel Consumption in the Chinese Aviation System
THE POTENTIAL OF TURBOPROPS TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION IN THE CHINESE AVIATION SYSTEM Megan S. Ryerson, Xin Ge Department of City and Regional Planning Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania [email protected] ICRAT 2014 Agenda • Introduction • Data collection • Turboprops in the current CAS network • Spatial trends for short-haul aviation • Regional jet and turboprop trade space • Turboprops in the future CAS network 2 1. Introduction – Growth of the Chinese Aviation System Number of Airports • The Chinese aviation system is in a period 300 of rapid growth • China’s civil aviation system grew at a rate 250 244 of 17.6%/year, 1980 - 2009 • Number of airports grew from 77 to 166 and annual traffic volume increasing from 3.43 million to 230 million 200 • The Civil Aviation Administration of China 166 (CAAC) maintains a target of 244 airports 150 across the country by 2020 • The CAAC plans for 80% of urban and suburban areas to be within a 100km (62 100 77 miles) of aviation service by 2020 • Plans also include strengthening hub-and- 50 spoke networks across the country to meet the dual goals of improving the competitiveness and efficiency of domestic 0 and international aviation. 1980 2009 2020 (Planned) 3 1. Introduction – Reform of the Chinese Aviation System • Consolidation Strong national hubs + insufficient regional coverage • Regional commuter airlines could fill this gap by partnering with China’s major carriers and serving the second-tier and emerging hubs (Shaw, 2009) 4 1. Introduction – Aircraft of the Short Haul Chinese Aviation System Narrow Body Jet Fuel per seat: 7.9 gal Regional Jet Fuel per seat: 19.0 gal Turboprop Fuel per seat: 4.35 gal 5 1. -
Read Jet Blue Master Card Login Rar for Android
Contact Imprint [MORELINK- (Eftps direct payment worksheet Jet blue master card login (short form))] Vehicle How to Apply For a Small Business Credit Card. By calling Customer maintenance Service 24 hours, 7 days a week at. Since this article was published, report template JetBlue and Barclays have revised the airline's suite of cards. See our guide to. Still can't redeem Trueblue on EK, QR or TK, no?. Earn 4 Good TrueBlue points per $1 spent on JetBlue purchases, 2 points per $1 spent gamertag names for at restaurants and grocery stores, and 1 point per $1 spent elsewhere. 3. ps3 Can this product be changed for another Popular product? New in this release: - Minor bug fixes and improvements Improved balance transfer Ideas de baby shower experience - Transfer funds from another credit card or loan account, or deposit cash from your credit card to your bank account. Update to the cover letter latest version, so you can get the most from Barclays US. Yes, you will for grocery continue to earn 2 TrueBlue points for every $1 spent on JetBlue eligible store purchases with your credit card under the same TrueBlue membership account number. And you will earn 1 TrueBlue point on all other purchases. plus other credit card news you may have missed this week. Get 10% of your points back every time you redeem for flights. So if you book a flight from New York-JFK to Chicago-O'Hare (ORD) in economy class that costs $75 before taxes, you'd earn 740 EQM, $75 EQD, 1 EQS. -
Quartz Micro-Balance Results of Pulse-Resolved Erosion/Deposition in the JET-ILW Divertor
Nuclear Materials and Energy 12 (2017) 478–482 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nuclear Materials and Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nme Quartz micro-balance results of pulse-resolved erosion/deposition in the JET-ILW divertor ∗ G. Sergienko a, , H.G. Esser a, A. Kirschner a, A. Huber a, M. Freisinger a, S. Brezinsek a, A. Widdowson b, Ch. Ayres b, A. Weckmann c, K. Heinola d, JET contributors e,1 a Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany b CCFE, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon UK c Department of Fusion Plasma Physics, Royal institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden d Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00560 Helsinki, Finland e EUROfusion Consortium, JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: A set of quartz crystal microbalances (QMB) was used at JET with full carbon wall to monitor mass ero- Received 14 July 2016 sion/deposition rates in the remote areas of the divertor. After introduction of the ITER- like wall (ILW) Revised 8 February 2017 in JET with beryllium main wall and tungsten divertor, strong reduction of the material deposition and Accepted 9 March 2017 accompanied fuel retention was observed. Therefore the existing QMB electronics have been modified to Available online 22 March 2017 improve the accuracy of frequency measurements by a factor of ten down to 0.1 Hz which corresponds to − − − − 1.4 ng cm −2. -
The Historical Fuel Efficiency Characteristics of Regional Aircraft from Technological, Operational, and Cost Perspectives
The Historical Fuel Efficiency Characteristics of Regional Aircraft from Technological, Operational, and Cost Perspectives Raffi Babikian, Stephen P. Lukachko and Ian A. Waitz* Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 ABSTRACT To develop approaches that effectively reduce aircraft emissions, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that have enabled historical improvements in aircraft efficiency. This paper focuses on the impact of regional aircraft on the U.S. aviation system and examines the technological, operational and cost characteristics of turboprop and regional jet aircraft. Regional aircraft are 40% to 60% less fuel efficient than their larger narrow- and wide-body counterparts, while regional jets are 10% to 60% less fuel efficient than turboprops. Fuel efficiency differences can be explained largely by differences in aircraft operations, not technology. Direct operating costs per revenue passenger kilometer are 2.5 to 6 times higher for regional aircraft because they operate at lower load factors and perform fewer miles over which to spread fixed costs. Further, despite incurring higher fuel costs, regional jets are shown to have operating costs similar to turboprops when flown over comparable stage lengths. Keywords: Regional aircraft, environment, regional jet, turboprop 1. INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of worldwide air travel has prompted concern about the influence of aviation activities on the environment. Demand for air travel has grown at an average rate of 9.0% per year since 1960 and at approximately 4.5% per year over the last decade (IPCC, 1999; FAA, 2000a). Barring any serious economic downturn or significant policy changes, various * Contact author: 617-253-0218 (phone), 617-258-6093 (fax), [email protected] (email) 1 organizations have estimated future worldwide growth will average 5% annually through at least 2015 (IPCC, 1999; Boeing, 2000; Airbus, 2000). -
2. Afterburners
2. AFTERBURNERS 2.1 Introduction The simple gas turbine cycle can be designed to have good performance characteristics at a particular operating or design point. However, a particu lar engine does not have the capability of producing a good performance for large ranges of thrust, an inflexibility that can lead to problems when the flight program for a particular vehicle is considered. For example, many airplanes require a larger thrust during takeoff and acceleration than they do at a cruise condition. Thus, if the engine is sized for takeoff and has its design point at this condition, the engine will be too large at cruise. The vehicle performance will be penalized at cruise for the poor off-design point operation of the engine components and for the larger weight of the engine. Similar problems arise when supersonic cruise vehicles are considered. The afterburning gas turbine cycle was an early attempt to avoid some of these problems. Afterburners or augmentation devices were first added to aircraft gas turbine engines to increase their thrust during takeoff or brief periods of acceleration and supersonic flight. The devices make use of the fact that, in a gas turbine engine, the maximum gas temperature at the turbine inlet is limited by structural considerations to values less than half the adiabatic flame temperature at the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. As a result, the gas leaving the turbine contains most of its original concentration of oxygen. This oxygen can be burned with additional fuel in a secondary combustion chamber located downstream of the turbine where temperature constraints are relaxed. -
JET: Jet, a Form of Lignite Coal, Is Classified As a Mineraloid
JET: Jet, a form of lignite coal, is classified as a mineraloid. It is jet-black in color, very light in weight, takes a fine polish, and is easily worked into beads and ornamental objects. JET HISTORY, NAME, LOCALITIES: Jet has served as a gemstone since prehistory. Its name comes from jaiet, the French word for the same material. Collecting localities are found in Austria, Poland, England, Canada, Spain, Russia, and the United States (Maryland, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico). MINERALOGY, PROPERTIES, OCCURRENCE: Jet, pronounced as it is spelled, is classified as mineraloid and has neither a definite chemical composition nor a crystal structure. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.0-2.5, no cleavage, a conchoidal fracture, and a very low specific gravity of 1.1-1.3. It is jet-black in color with occasional dark-brown streaks and has a vitreous luster on freshly broken surfaces. Jet has an organic origin, consists primarily of carbon, and is a form of lignite coal that originated as ancient trees that grew in fresh-water swamps, then floated down rivers to sink in seas and become buried and compacted in a salt-water environment. It occurs as lenses in a hard shale known as “jet-rock.” METAPHYSICAL PROPERTIES, LORE, USES: Jet jewelry was popular during the Roman period when it was thought to deflect the gaze of the “evil eye.” It again gained great popularity as gemstone in mourning jewelry during the Victorian Era. Easily carved and polished, jet is used to fashion rosary beads and ornamental objects. Metaphysical practitioners believe that jet removes negative thoughts and energies, protects against illness and violence, produces calmness and serenity, and reduces feelings of depression. -
World Air Forces Flight 2011/2012 International
SPECIAL REPORT WORLD AIR FORCES FLIGHT 2011/2012 INTERNATIONAL IN ASSOCIATION WITH Secure your availability. Rely on our performance. Aircraft availability on the flight line is more than ever essential for the Air Force mission fulfilment. Cooperating with the right industrial partner is of strategic importance and key to improving Air Force logistics and supply chain management. RUAG provides you with new options to resource your mission. More than 40 years of flight line management make us the experienced and capable partner we are – a partner you can rely on. RUAG Aviation Military Aviation · Seetalstrasse 175 · P.O. Box 301 · 6032 Emmen · Switzerland Legal domicile: RUAG Switzerland Ltd · Seetalstrasse 175 · P.O. Box 301 · 6032 Emmen Tel. +41 41 268 41 11 · Fax +41 41 260 25 88 · [email protected] · www.ruag.com WORLD AIR FORCES 2011/2012 CONTENT ANALYSIS 4 Worldwide active fleet per region 5 Worldwide active fleet share per country 6 Worldwide top 10 active aircraft types 8 WORLD AIR FORCES World Air Forces directory 9 TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT FLIGHTGLOBAL INSIGHT AND REPORT SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES, CONTACT: Flightglobal Insight Quadrant House, The Quadrant Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, UK Tel: + 44 208 652 8724 Email:LQVLJKW#ÁLJKWJOREDOFRP Website: ZZZÁLJKWJOREDOFRPLQVLJKt World Air Forces 2011/2012 | Flightglobal Insight | 3 WORLD AIR FORCES 2011/2012 The French and Qatari air forces deployed Mirage 2000-5s for the fight over Libya JOINT RESPONSE Air arms around the world reacted to multiple challenges during 2011, despite fleet and budget cuts. We list the current inventories and procurement plans of 160 nations. -
Reflective Index Reference Chart
REFLECTIVE INDEX REFERENCE CHART FOR PRESIDIUM DUO TESTER (PDT) Reflective Index Refractive Reflective Index Refractive Reflective Index Refractive Gemstone on PDT/PRM Index Gemstone on PDT/PRM Index Gemstone on PDT/PRM Index Fluorite 16 - 18 1.434 - 1.434 Emerald 26 - 29 1.580 - 1.580 Corundum 34 - 43 1.762 - 1.770 Opal 17 - 19 1.450 - 1.450 Verdite 26 - 29 1.580 - 1.580 Idocrase 35 - 39 1.713 - 1.718 ? Glass 17 - 54 1.440 - 1.900 Brazilianite 27 - 32 1.602 - 1.621 Spinel 36 - 39 1.718 - 1.718 How does your Presidium tester Plastic 18 - 38 1.460 - 1.700 Rhodochrosite 27 - 48 1.597 - 1.817 TL Grossularite Garnet 36 - 40 1.720 - 1.720 Sodalite 19 - 21 1.483 - 1.483 Actinolite 28 - 33 1.614 - 1.642 Kyanite 36 - 41 1.716 - 1.731 work to get R.I. values? Lapis-lazuli 20 - 23 1.500 - 1.500 Nephrite 28 - 33 1.606 - 1.632 Rhodonite 37 - 41 1.730 - 1.740 Reflective indices developed by Presidium can Moldavite 20 - 23 1.500 - 1.500 Turquoise 28 - 34 1.610 - 1.650 TP Grossularite Garnet (Hessonite) 37 - 41 1.740 - 1.740 be matched in this table to the corresponding Obsidian 20 - 23 1.500 - 1.500 Topaz (Blue, White) 29 - 32 1.619 - 1.627 Chrysoberyl (Alexandrite) 38 - 42 1.746 - 1.755 common Refractive Index values to get the Calcite 20 - 35 1.486 - 1.658 Danburite 29 - 33 1.630 - 1.636 Pyrope Garnet 38 - 42 1.746 - 1.746 R.I value of the gemstone. -
The Austro-Hungarian Hangars in Mostar - Part II
ISSN 2232-9080 e-Zbornik 19/2020. Received: 06.02.2020. Accepted: 07.05.2020. Electronic collection of papers of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Preliminary communication The Austro-Hungarian hangars in Mostar - Part II Gottfried Holzschuh Art, construction and aviation historian, archaeologist, Vienna, Ph.D. Curator (ret.) of the Esterházy Collections, Eisenstadt, [email protected] Abstract: The first part of the survey covers the history of the Austro-Hungarian "Air Base", "Aviation Park no. 4" and "Reserve Squadron 11", which were stationed in Mostar between 1913 and 1918. The airfield of Mostar-Rodoč, evaluated as early as in 1912, was one of the oldest in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The Imperial and Royal Army Air Service used it for basic pilot training in World War I. The second part is an expertise for the salvage, conservation and restoration of the four still existing Austro-Hungarian hangars at the former Mostar-Rodoč airfield in view of protection of historical monuments. Erected in 1917/18, these hangars are the oldest witnesses of aviation in Bosnia and Hercegovina. Because of their genuine and very efficient construction, they should be preserved as unique examples of technical and engineering architecture. One hangar of exactly the same type, restored in 2013 in Krakow, is now part of Poland's cultural heritage. Structural calculations have shown that these Austro-Hungarian hangars comply with modern EU building regulations. All used documents and plans from the Austrian State Archives/War Archives (ÖStA/KA) in Vienna are still unpublished. The paper is therefore the first scientific analysis of Austro-Hungarian aviation and its architecture in Bosnia and Hercegovina. -
Diamond Deposition in a DC-Arc Jet CVD System: Investigations of the Effects of Nitrogen Addition
Diamond and Related Materials 10Ž. 2001 370᎐375 Diamond deposition in a DC-arc Jet CVD system: investigations of the effects of nitrogen addition J.A. Smith, K.N. Rosser, H. Yagi1, M.I. Wallace2, P.W. May, M.N.R. AshfoldU School of Chemistry, Uni¨ersity of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK Abstract Studies of the chemical vapour deposition of diamond films at growth rates )100 mhy1 with a 10-kW DC-arc jet system are r r ª described. Additions of small amounts of N242 to the standard CH H Ar feedstock gas results in strong CNŽ. B X emission, ª and quenches C2Ž. d a and H␣ emissions from the plasma. Species selective, spatially resolved optical emission measurements s have enabled derivation of the longitudinal and lateral variation of emitting C2 , CN radicals and H Ž.n 3 atoms within the plasma jet. Scanning electron microscopy and laser Raman analyses indicate that N2 additions also degrade both the growth rate and quality of the deposited diamond film; the latter technique also provides some evidence for nitrogen inclusion within the films. ᮊ 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Diamond growth; DC arc plasma jet; Chemical vapour deposition; Optical emission; Nitrogen additions 1. Introduction complicate diagnostic measurements, but spatially resolved optical emission and laser-induced fluores- DC-arc jet plasmas operating with hydrocarbonr cenceŽ. LIF measurements have been reported for sev- r eral species in DC-arc plasma jet reactorswx 4 . H 2 Ar gas mixtures enable chemical vapour deposition Ž.CVD of high quality diamond films at growth rates The present contribution describes studies of nitro- unobtainable using the more traditional hot filament or gen addition to a twin-torch DC-arc plasma jet operat- wx r r microwave reactors 1 . -
The Power for Flight: NASA's Contributions To
The Power Power The forFlight NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion for for Flight Jeremy R. Kinney ThePower for NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion Flight Jeremy R. Kinney Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kinney, Jeremy R., author. Title: The power for flight : NASA’s contributions to aircraft propulsion / Jeremy R. Kinney. Description: Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017027182 (print) | LCCN 2017028761 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626830387 (Epub) | ISBN 9781626830370 (hardcover) ) | ISBN 9781626830394 (softcover) Subjects: LCSH: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration– Research–History. | Airplanes–Jet propulsion–Research–United States– History. | Airplanes–Motors–Research–United States–History. Classification: LCC TL521.312 (ebook) | LCC TL521.312 .K47 2017 (print) | DDC 629.134/35072073–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027182 Copyright © 2017 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the United States Government or of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Table of Contents Dedication v Acknowledgments vi Foreword vii Chapter 1: The NACA and Aircraft Propulsion, 1915–1958.................................1 Chapter 2: NASA Gets to Work, 1958–1975 ..................................................... 49 Chapter 3: The Shift Toward Commercial Aviation, 1966–1975 ...................... 73 Chapter 4: The Quest for Propulsive Efficiency, 1976–1989 ......................... 103 Chapter 5: Propulsion Control Enters the Computer Era, 1976–1998 ........... 139 Chapter 6: Transiting to a New Century, 1990–2008 ....................................