THE LIFE-BOAT,

OR

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION.

(ISSUED QTTAKTKBLT.)

PRICE 3d. VOL. XII.—No. 130.] NOVEMBER 1, 1883. WEECK CHAEI.

THE FISHEKIES EXHIBITION. IT would probably savour of exaggeration the sightseer, they have probably helped to assert that this Exhibition is entitled to their shareholders also. the first place in the long roll of similar At every railway station, tickets for the undertakings, of which the Exhibition of Fisheries were so advertised, that "all 1851 was the grand beginning; but who ran might read." history will give it a high place as an un- Once there, the scene is so novel, and qualified success—whether as regarding the effect so beautiful, that it is difficult the attractiveness of the things brought in a small space like the present to do any together—-the manner in which they are justice to it. displayed—or the organization which The Exhibition of Fish and Fishing- enables everyone to see so well and so tackle sounds prosaic, but the arrange- completely free from inconvenience, every ments take away a great deal of the article of the interesting collection brought common-place; and standing at the end, together. Upwards of two and a quarter commanding a long vista from the steps millions of people have gone there; and under the glass arch, nets dyed in dif- though, of course, those people who are ferent colours, festooned along, serve the always "bored," have been bored there double purpose of veiling the glare and as much as anywhere else, the masses are enhancing the beauty of .the scene. delighted with all they see; the place Under this centre corridor, l>oats, gear is popular in the best sense of the term; and ropes come in regular order. Carved and the enquiry, " Have you been to the figure-heads from distant lands stand Fisheries?" has this year completely put in friendly rivalry with the smartest the weather upon one side. boats of our highest civilization. The Few indeed have been so lacking in Queen's State-barge, dating from the energy and interest as not to have been 1st James, and blazing with red and at any rate once, and very few have con- gold, is to be seen in one place; and the tented themselves with one visit. coble in which Grace Darling saved the The administrative capacity of the Exe- lives of the shipwrecked sailors, and made cutive has been tested and proved—in her name famous for all time, is not far no way more so than in the first necessary off. There is a picture of her—a young, step of getting their visitors there. In nice-looking girl, with a fine complexion this they have been most ably assisted and and a modest expression—and round her seconded by the railway companies; and boat gathers a crowd of earnest admirers. their assistance is not the less acceptable It is wonderful, though the most useful because, in helping to smooth the path of and plain articles are very visible, how

LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL.—VOL. XII.—No. 130. 198 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVEMBEB 1, 1883. little they seem to destroy the effect of outcome of long-continued custom and the charm given by the display of the local prejudices—and it is one of the im- more beautiful things. In this, England portant offices of this Exhibition to break does not carry off the palm; some of the down these prejudices, which so often foreign courts very far surpassing her in fatally prevent desirable improvements. the taste with which their national con- The Exhibition does not content itself tributions are arranged to catch the public with teaching how to catch fish; it also eye. teaches how to cook it; and going upon There is much to admire in our courts, the right principle of " beginning at the and a great deal that appeals pleasantly beginning," there are also models of the to the memory of those many who lore various hatching systems. In short, from rod-fishing, whose eyes mast rejoice to the spawn of fish, to the latest methods sea old friends again. "John Seott," civilization has discovered of making use " Silver Doctor/' " John Fergusson," of them—their flesh, their bones —nothing "March Brown," "Professor," and "Part- has been forgotten. The various methods ridge Buff/' with hundreds of others, bring of capture—the nets, and the mode of vividly to mind pleasant and happy days, escape for smaller fishes from the meshes when rod in hand, a favourite pool was of the voracious trawl-net—everything neared, and a fresh-run fish, or a wily deserves study. trout, was encountered and captured. As to the cooking, we are obliged to The oldest article exhibited in our take it on trust; but the success of the courts is, we beliere, the red-aad-gold Bd. fish-dinners has far exceeded the most State-barge already mentioned, built in sanguine expectatioas: hungry crowds James the First's reign, and lent by Her flock in, and hungry crowds wait with Majesty. dogged determination outside. The fish- Innumerable models of fishing-boats market has not supplied cheap fish, the and vessels from all parts of the world prices asked being at times higher than is claim attention; they are very interesting now the rule in other markets. and instructive, and range from the Of course there are innumerable displays beautiful fishing-schooners of the United of cured fish, freezing ia a refrigerator, States, with their yacht-like form and salting, pickling, smoking, ad infinitum— white cotton canvas sails, to the skin the most patent fact being, that however coracles still in use on the West Coast of perfect the method of preservation may Ireland; the modern canoe and square- be, the look of these delicacies in their ended fishing-punts of the Thames, with uncooked condition is not lovely to the their luxurious fittings, cushions and eye, or appetizing to gaze upon. Even a awnings, &e., stand near enough to chal- turtle, when converted into a mummy, is lenge comparison with the regular fishing- not suggestive of tempting soup—though boats, looking like work, and reminding of course this is a mere sentimental feeling, one of the dangers they have to face as well and does not affect its excellence as a as the many contrivances for lessening the matter of fact. risk, that are exhibited. Nothing is more Waterproofing, applied to every portion striking than the immense difference in of clothing in use among fishermen, shines form, hull, rigging, &c., where the object out in lustrous folds; and wearing apparel of all is the same, i.e., to provide the of many kinds is to be seen—one depart- greatest practicable security for life and ment being devoted to a certain article property in pursuing a perilous calling. worn by ladies, and which, till somebody Doubtless some of these differences are thought of the whales, puzzled some of due to local requirements for harbouring the visitors a good deal as to its being the and hauling up the boats, but there is a right thing in the right place. good deal that can only be accounted for No one doubts the advantage of bringing by believing the form, &c., to be the before the eyes of those who have no other NOVEMBER 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 199 opportunity of seeing them, the enormous sincerely to be congratulated. There are variety of fish existing in the world. other cases almost equally good, and some Eeading and pictures awaken a certain stuffed fishes wonderfully fresh and life- interest, but nothing equal to that created like. by tangible proofs. There is but a short One great merit in this Exhibition is step between the interest aroused by the possibility of seeing a great deal personal acquaintance with fish and the without over-fatigue. There are plenty of various manners of catching it, and the seats, and except as regards the candidates hardy tribe of men who brave the dangers for the fish-dinners, no overcrowding. of the deep, spending their lives in a From one end to another the organiza- perilous calling, and in bringing home tion is admirable. There are very few the spoils of the sea. policemen, and they are unobtrusive; and In the United States Court there are a more orderly number of people could not some splendid specimens—giants of the seen. More than two and a quarter millions finny tribe. Sun-fish are to be seen in have been there, and numbers do not dimi- one place, and huge whales in another. nish. Of course some go because, putting Overhead hangs a cuttle-fish, which enables the fish on one side, it is a very attractive one to realise the truth of Victor Hugo's place to go to. There is good music, and description of a struggle with a monster there is much besides. The gardens are of this kind in his ' Toilers of the Sea.' always pretty; the weather has been fine ; Passing to the Colonial Exhibits, how and the admission is cheap. But at night much there is to see! The exquisite shells it is a world of enchantment, owing to the of the Bahamas and the tropics; the electric light. Each court gains in beauty, quaint carvings and delicate tracery on and the mysterious, clear, and soft light huge conch shells. Each court has hun- gives the commonest objects a charm. In dreds of objects of beauty and interest. the gardens the scene is fairy-like. The Whether attracted by the coral of Naples, water-tanks, the flowers, and the moving or the fascinating and graceful specimens crowd make up a whole hitherto unsur- of marine flora elsewhere, no one can passed in England. The scene is more fail to come away wiser and better for that of a gay foreign town; and the the opportunity of seeing nature, as question arises, why should rot some- nature exists in other climes. thing like this be within the reach of our There are some cases of birds, zoophytes townspeople always ? and seaweeds which deserve special men- If this Exhibition does nothing more, it tion, because they are no mere classified must at any rate awaken a larger sympathy collection, the dried bones of Science as with fishermen—a sympathy which it may it were, bereft of all charm. The zoophytes be hoped will not die away, but which are arranged with loving care, evidently, will give fresh impetus to the friendly and are grouped so as to reproduce their and cordial feeling that has already been habitats as well as their individuality. shown towards those who do their utmost Looking at them, one is carried back to try to lessen the risk of loss of life in thought to still pools left by the sea on the coast. on some rocky coast; once again we feel It may be considered strange that this the thrill of discovery, and the fear of sketch has not alluded to the various destroying by our eagerness some rare means shown for saving life at sea by our specimen ; once more the shout of triumph own Life-boats or other means. This comes to our ears, as we succeed in de- reticence is necessary, because the decision taching a delicate beauty without injury. of the judges has not been given. Pos- The specimens of the " Sea-horses " shown sibly, in another article and at a future are unusually large, and Mrs. Gardner, date, this question, which is of paramount who exhibits these beautiful things, is importance, will be discussed at length.

o 2 iOO THE LIFE-BOAT, [NOVEMBER 1,1883.

ODB INLAND BEANOHES. j TIOSAL LIFE-BOAT ISSTITCTIOJT in the direction MANCHESTER. 1 of saving life from shipwreck. Manchester, the THE question may be asked, what hare the com- first manufacturing city in the world, and second munities living incur large commercial centres, only in population to London, situated close to and the large inland towns of the United King- the important port of Liverpool, with its mag- dom, in common with the work of the life-saving nificent Town Hall, erected at & cost of above apparatus on the sea coast ? Why should they a million of money, its palatial warehouses, and be appealed to for subscriptions to support a wealthy merchants, many of whom have been Society, even though, it inaybe National in cha- i obliged to become shipowners to satisfy the racter, whose operations are almost unknown to j demands of their business, may be considered them, and who, if it •were not for the improved i directly interested in all eitbrts made to promote means of tra¥elling developed in the present | the means of safety for those who minister to our day, would be utterly ignorant of the sea in all I wants, and who are certainly particularly neces- its aspects of calm and storm, and would there- j sary for tlie welfare of a city which has become fore fail to appreciate the great value of the I the one great cotton market of the world. services performed by the Life-boats of this A public meeting having been called in aid Institution? of the philanthropic objects of the LIFE-BOAT Many excellent reasons may bo advanced in j INSTITFHOS, was presided over by Mr. MAOKIK, reply to saeh a mode of reasoning, for though i and resulted in the formation of an influential the residents in the inland cities and towns may ! committee. By this means £250 was soon col- be ignorant of the perils and dangers of the sea lected. It becoming necessary in 1861 to re- to which the crews of the mercantile marine i organize the Branch, the Rev. E, HEWLETT, and the large fishing fleets are continually ex- 1 Rector of 8t. Paul's, Brunswick Square, was posed, no hesitation is felt in appealing to their ! appointed Hon. Secretary, ami Mr. ROOT. WHIT- sympathies oa behalf of the Life-boat cause, j WOSTH, Treasurer, In the short space of twelve which hag brought relief to go many thousands j months a sum sufficient to build four Life-boats of men, employed not oaly in bringing to our | had been collected, mainly through the exertions country raw material, the luxuries of foreign of Mr. WHITWOBTH. The success of the Branch lands, most of the necessaries of life, fish for since that time has been great, seventeen Life- our consumption, etc., but also in exporting the boats in all having been presented to tha Insti- manufactured goods, the making of which has tution, which have saved 729 lives. given employment to such numbers of the In 1881 the Parent Committee decided to poorer classes, present a model Life-boat to the Corporation of Week after week steamers laden with emi- Manchester, to be placed in the Town Hall, grants may be seen leaving our shores for with a suitable tablet, as a recognition of the America and our distant colonies, and many of great and valuable support the Institution had the wealthier classes, taking advantage of the received from that city. The time wag aiso luxuriously- fitted - up steamers built to make considered a good opportunity for reconstituting rapid passages, are constantly making trips to the Branch, and giving the public a brief out- India and America; and, further, there are but line of the work which had been done. The few families who are not in a greater or less Hon. Secretary wag accordingly communicated degree connected with the sea, either through with, and arrangements were at once made for a father, a brother, or a son, or even a friend the presentation ceremony, which took place at whose business is on the great waters, and ' the Town Hali on January iilst, 1882, under there is no knowing when any one of these may | the presidency of the MAYOR, The BISHOP of be in need of the services of the Life-boat. MANCHESTER, who consented to becomePresideut W0F8 the Life-boats to receive support only of the Branch, Mr. GHABWICK, and oilier leading from the communities who by force of circum- gentlemen, were present oa the occasion, and stances live on the sea-coast, the income would addressed the meeting, after which the Model be altogether inadequate to meet the expenses "was presented to the Corporation, and accepted of the Life-boat stations. Many of the sub- by the Mayor, and it may now be seen in the scribers to the local Life-boat funds have ceased Town Hail. to contribute since the introduction of the Plim- The work of the Branch is still being carried soll Shipping Act, which condemned wholesale forward with unabated activity, Mr. COKBBTT, the enormous class of sailing vessels engaged jun., and Mr. S. L. HEM, having respectively in the coasting trade in which they wore inter- joined Mr. HEWLETT and Mr. WIIITWOIWH ia ested. Large steamers now-a-days being built, performing the onerous duties of Hon. Secretary and launched without intermission, have taken and Treasurer. It is earnestly hoped therefore the place of such vessels, and persons owning that with so worthy an object, and with the shares in these may be found all over the king- help of the several gentlemen who compose the dom, BO matter how remote may be the district Committee, all well known in connection with, in which they live, ! the charitable institutions abounding ia MaB- It is therefore n»t wonderful that in the year ! Chester, a more general and widespread com- 1860 the attention of several influential gentle- I pensation may be looked for from this great city, men resident in Manchester should have been j so closely allied to the mercantile and shipping drawn to the vigorous efforts made by the NA- 1 interests of the country. NOVEMBER 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 201

SERVICES "OF THE LIFE-BOATS OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION—(continued.)

HOLYHEAD.—Signals of distress were the head from a falling spar, at about seen in the outer harbour at 10 P.M. 12 o'clock, and had died soon afterwards. on the 30th September last during stormy The same Life-boat saved the fishing- weather and a rough sea. The Thomas boat Nancy, which had struck on the Bigg Fielden Life-boat was launched, proceeded while returning to Holy Island during a outside Salt Island, and found the brig- gale of wind from the N.E. on the llth antine Wonder, of Swansea, dragging her September. The seas were beginning to anchors and nearly ashore. Some of the break over her, and she would probably Life-boat men went on board the vessel, have broken up in a short time, and her got canvas on her, hove up the starboard crew of five men lost, had it not been for anchor, slipped the port one, and ran the the timely arrival of the Life-boat. vessel into the old harbour, mooring her alongside the quay. She was bound to HUNA, CAITHNESS-SHIEE.—During a gale Newcastle-on-Tyne with a cargo of salt, | of wind from the W.S.W., and an exceed- and carried a crew of six men. i ingly rough sea, on the 20th January, the Life-boat W.M.C. was launched, at 1 A.M., HOLT ISLAND, NORTHUMBERLAND.—The ; to the assistance of the fishing-boat Mar- ketch Mary Tweedlie, of Berwick, was seen I garet Ounn, of Wick, which was in a dan- running before the wind, tinder bare poles, | gerous position in the Pentland Firth, at 3 P.M., on the 6th March, 1883, during a ! being close to tremendous breakers. On fearful gale of wind from N. to N.E. and a ! reaching the vessel it was found that her very heavy sea, the whole bar and the sea i mast had been broken while she was in as far as the eye could reach being one the German Ocean and that she was in mass of broken water. The No. 1 Life- a sinking condition. Her crew, consist- boat, Grace Darling, was launched, and ing of seven men, were therefore taken . was more than three hours in reaching into the Life-boat and brought safely the vessel. The crew pulled bravely until ashore. almost exhausted; but every time they seemed to be near enough to throw a line HTJNSTANTON, NORFOLK.—The barquen- on board, a huge wave washed them about tine Vicuna, of Hull, bound from Laurvig, a hundred yards astern. This was repeated Norway, to Hull, with ice, was observed ten or twelve times before the Life-boat ashore near Holme Point, at 5.15 P.M. on men were able to get a rope fast to the the 7th March, during a moderate gale of vessel, after which they took two men into wind from the N.N.E. and a rough sea. the boat, by means of the life-buoy, in a The Licensed Victualler Life-boat was taken very exhausted and numbed condition. to Holme Point, distant three miles and a One of the crew had received a blow on half, over a heavy road, was launched at 202 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOTEMBKB 1, 1883.

6.30, and succeeded in resetting the Yessel's immediately going to show a light at crew consisting of nine men. the store-room at Gold top as a guide ! to the crew of the vessel, should they KESSINGIASTB. — At 4 P.M., on the 7th | also attempt to land. The Life-boat February, signals of distress were observed. j then put off and met the crew just from the fishing smack Pioneer, of Lowes- I as they had taken to their boat. The toft, which had stranded in J?akefieM Gat. men having been transferred to the Life- The So. 1 Life-boat, the Botton, was boat, their boat was taken in tow, and all promptly launched and proceeded to the were safely landed at Goldtop. The vessel vessel. The tide was flowing at the time was the schooner Nanteos, of Aberystwyth, and a heavy sea was running. The smack bound from Portmadoc to Southampton, eventually got afloat, and as she was leak- with slates. She had a crew of four men. ing she accepted the assistance of the Life-boat, which accompanied her to LOWBSTOFT.—On the evening of the Loweistoft. 19th March, at about 8 o'clock, the At 6 A.M. on the 10th February signals schooner J%fcs, of Nyborg, Denmark, of distress were observed on the North bound from Newcastle to Kgueira, with end of the Barnard Sand. The wind at a cargo of coal, while riding ia the roads the time was blowing a strong breeze from began to drive, aad at 9 o'clock, the cox- the S,W. and the sea was rough. The swain of the Life-boat, seeing that the No. 2 Life-boat, St. Michael's, Paddington, vessel was drifting oa to the shore, mus- was soon launched through a very heavy tered his crew. The Samuel PUmsoll was surf, and made for the distressed brig, launched, proceeded to her assistance, the Marnhull, of Weymouth, bonnd from and found she was then in 13 feet of London to Middlesborough, with scrap water. The Life-boat dropped her anchor, iron. She had sank on the North, end drifted down to the schooner and pat of the Barnard Sand, and her crew of six some of the Life-boatmen on board her. men had taken refuge in the rigging, The boat then took the tow-rope from the from which one of them fell and was un- steam-tug Bainbow to the vessel, slipped fortunately killed. After eight attempts her anchor, and she was towed into the the Life-boat succeeded in taking off the harbour, arriving at 11.30. She struck five survivors and landed them at Lowes- the ground just as she was taken in tow. toft. MAHTPOBT, CTOBEBUHB,—At about PKMBEOKESHIEB. — Two j 4.30 P.M. on the 26th September a smaE schooners were at anchor in St. Bride's ' screw steamer, the Sarington, of Mary- Bay, "while a gale of wind was blowing port, was observed to be making for the from the S. on the 25th January. It was port. The wiad was blowing a strong thought advisable to warn the crew of gale from the W. by S.W., accompanied by the Life-boat Friend, to be in readiness a very rough sea, and fears were enter- should their services be required, as the tained for the vessel's safety as she was j vessels would be in danger if the wind shipping much water. la trying to round shifted to the W. or KYW.,as it not unfre- the pier she struck $he ground heavily quently does on this coast after a S, gale. At and became unmanageable. The Life-boat j about 10 P.M. this occurred, and a watch was Henry NKKSOK No, 1 put off to her assist- kept for any signals that might be shown ; ance without delay, and with considerable but none were exhibited. At about 10.30 trouble rescued the crew consisting of two of the Life-boat men reported that five men. they could see a light Just outside the breakers, on the shore. This proved to MEVASISSBT, OOBHWAM,.—On the 1st be from a boat of one of the v essels carry- I September the smaek Bacchus, of Nantes, ing her anchor-light, the crew trying to which had been towed from Buthleven to find a place where to land. They finally Charlestown in ballast, and had anchored ran through the breakers and succeeded in Oharlestown Bay, was in great danger in getting safely ashora On hearing owing to the heavy gale which had sprung from the captain that he thought the up from the S. Information of the fact other vessel would soon be ashore, the having reached the Mevagissey Life-boat Life-1»oat erew -were summoned, one mm St&tioa, tt» Life-teat SoutR, NOVEMBER 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 203 was launched as soon as possible, and At about 4 A.M. on the 19th March, the having come up with the vessel, took off Mincing Lane Life-boat was launched to her crew, consisting of three men, who the aid of the smack Orange Blossom, of were landed at Porthpean, the Life-boat Jersey, which was making for the har- encountering heavy seas on her way to bour during a strong gale accompanied the 'shore. The smack subsequently be- by snow storms and a very heavy sea. came a total wreck. She was keeping much too far north and was steering to cross the Annat bank. MILFOKD.—The schooner Slaney, of The Life-boat showed the direction in Wexford, bound to Newport, Hon., in which she should steer and the vessel was ballast, showed a signal of distress during brought safely into port. a strong gale on the morning of the 26th On the 20th March, at about 5.30 A.M., September. The Life-boat Katharine put the No. 2 Life-boat Roman Governor of off to the vessel and found that her crew Oaer Hun, was launched to the assistance did not wish to leave her,, but preferred of the brig Eleonore, of Tonsberg, Norway, to wait until a tug arrived. The Life- which was showing signals of distress. boat, however, remained by her about an She went ashore about a mile and a half hour, and the vessel getting nearer and ! N. of the Life-boat house. On reaching nearer to the rocks, and the sea increasing i her it was found that she was water- in force, three of the men were, at their logged and had been unable to clear the own request, taken into the Life-boat. land. Her crew, consisting of seven men, The vessel then parted her cable and were taken into the Life-boat and brought went on the rocks. The Captain and the ashore in safety. The brig subsequently mate, who were still on the wreck, were became a total wreck. happily got safely to land, through the At daybreak on the 21st April, the assistance of men on shore. There was no pilots on the look - out discovered a chance of saving the vessel, which be- schooner stranded on the beach about two came a total wreck, and the Life-boat miles N. of Montrose. The crew of the therefore returned ashore with the three No. 1 Life-boat Mincing Lane mustered as men she had rescued. quickly as possible, launched the Life- boat, pulled over the bar, on which a MOELFRE, ANGLESEY.—A signal of dis- heavy sea was breaking, and sighted a tress was seen in Moelfre Bay during a ! small boat about a mile N. The Life- storm from the S., at about 2 P.M. on the ! boat made for her and rescued six men 24th January. The Lady Vivian Life- i who were on board. They proved to be boat put off, and found that the signal the crew of, the Mary, of Haugesund, was shown by the smack Frens, of Beau- Norway, bound from that port for Leith, maris, bound from Cemaes, Anglesey, to in ballast. She had parted her anchor Lancaster, with a cargo of oats. Her and gone ashore. The men had been crew of three men were in the utmost five hours in their boat, and it is very peril, and were on the point of leaving doubtful whether they could ever have their vessel when the Life-boat arrived reached land in her, as she was only a and took them safely to land. | small skiff with very little free-board. The No. 2 Life-boat was also launched, MONTBOSE.— The smack London, of i at about 11.30 A.M. on the 8th August, Jersey, was in great danger at 1.30 P.M. to the assistance of several fishing boats on the 18th March, having steered too far j which had been caught in a gale from the north while making for Montrose. The S., and were in great danger while making No. 1 Life-boat, Mincing Lane, having for Montrose. The Life-boat remained been launched, took up a position inside about two and a half hours at the harbour the bar, to show the vessel in which mouth, signalling to the boats in which direction to steer. The smack, however, direction to steer, they being strangers was struck by a heavy sea, and jibed with to the port. Some of them had narrow her head to the N. across the point of the escapes of being lost on the Annat Bank. Annat, another sea canted her head again, At 4 P.M. the wind shifted to the W. and she then managed to stand in across and blew a very heavy gale, and two the bank towards the Life-boat and even- strange boats were then seen making tually got safely in. for the harbour. One got inside the 204 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVEMBER 1, 1888. buoys; the other hoisted a signal half- j was ashore at the back of the East pier. mast high, and the first boat then ran ] The Michael Henry Life-boat immediately back, apparently to the assistance of the went to her rescue, and found she was other. The Life-boat was again launched the ketch Tltemas and John., of Fowey and went oat with a steam-tug, and both bound from London to Plymouth with the boats, which were in considerable cement. She had struck on the bar in danger, one having all the tackling of her | running for the harbour in a sinking con- mast loose, were with much difficulty ! dition, and as she was full of water and towed into safety, ; fast going to pieces, her crew of three | men were taken into the Life-boat and MOETE BAY, NQBTH DEVON;—The s.s. ! brought ashore. Lynx, of Cardiff, bound from that port to Portreath, with coal, sprang a leak when ! PABSTOW, CORNWALL.—The coxswain of off Morthoe Point, on the 6th March, and j the Life-boat Albert Edward was informed with the view of saving the lives of the j at 9,30 P.M. on the 1st February, that a crew, the master ran her on Wollecombe j vessel was showing signals of distress. Sands. The coxswain of the Grace Wood- I The crew t>f the Life-boat were at once Twry Life-boat, on being informed of the I summoned, and proceeded to the boat- occurrence, at once went to Morthoe to j house, where they observed a vessel ascertain the position of the vessel; but j brought up in a dangerous position, about as the weather was moderate it did not I half a mile from Stepper Point, The appear to be necessary to launch the ! Life-boat was launched, proceeded to Life-boat. At 11 A.M. the wind freshened the vessel, which proved to be the schooner to a strong breeze from the N,, and a Mary Joseph-trie, of Padstow, bound from heavy swell rose. The leak having been Padstow to Hayle with slate, and brought temporarily stopped, the master of the her crew of three men ashore. The wea- steamer requested that the Life-boat ther afterwards moderated, and the vessel might be launched to stand by her. This fortunately held to her anchors. was accordingly done; but in trying to The Padstow new Life-boat, the Arab, get the vessel off (six of the Life-boatmen was launched at 2 P.M.on the 3rd September having

'same Life-beat was promptly launched, POOLS, DOBSET.—On the 9th January, and found that the vessel was tie at about 2.30 P.M., during a heavy gale brigantine Mora, of Saleombe, bound from the B.S.E. and a high sea, signals from Btmcorn to Shields with a cargo being heard from the sandbanks, the of salt. The Life-boat remained by her Soys' Own, No. 2, Life-boat was launched, until it was seen that she must become and towed by a steamer to the mouth of a wreek, when the crew of four men, the harbour, when it was ascertained that together with two women, were taken a large brig was lying in Studland Bay into the boat and safely landed at Palling with signals of distress flying. The Life- at 6 o'clock on the following morning. boat made for the vessel, and found her to be the Victor, of Heustadt, Germany, PiEii, LANCASHIRE.—At 6 A.M. on the heavily laden with a cargo of coal. She 4th September the William Eirkett Life- was riding in a very dangerous position, boat was launched in reply to signals, the sea making a clean breach over her, to the assistance of the barque China, of and her figure-head, cutwater and a por- Porsgrund, Norway. The boat was towed tion of her port bow bulwarks had been by the steam-tug Ajax, and when about knocked away. The crew refused to leave two miles, outside of the Hipsford buoy, the vessel, and the Life-boat therefore where the "vessel was ashore, was cast off remained by her for about an hour, when and dropped down to her, being thus the wind moderating she returned to her enabled to take off her crew of ten men, station. * The Life-boat then returned to the teg and was towed to Barrow, where the POBTHOAWI, SOUTH WALES.—The barque rescued men were landed. The barque William, Miles, of London, bound from had tost her main aad mizen masts and Havre to Swansea in ballast, stranded became a total wreck. about half a mile east of Porthcawl, during On the 8th September the schooner a W.N.W. wind and a rough sea, at mid- John Soyle, of Chester, was reported to night on the 9ih August. She exhibited haye sank on Cartmell Wharf, Morecambe signals of distress, and the Life-boat Bay, during a strong W.N.W, gale and a Ghafyn Grove was thereupon launched, heavy sea. At 11.45 A.M. the William proceeded to her aad brought ashore the Krkett Life-boat went to her assistance, master's wife aad one man, the others of and found the master, his wife, and two the crew refusing to leave the vessel. seamen clinging to the rigging, in a very At about 6 A.M. she was seen to be in exhausted condition. They were promptly imminent danger, and the Life-boat there- helped into the Life-boat, and landed at fore again went to her and took off the Barrow, the harbour tug Ajax again remainder of her crew, ten in number. assisting the Life-boat in effecting this The barque ultimately became a total rescue. wreck, PLYMOUTH.—At about 3 A.M. on the POST ISAAC, COBHWAM,.—Several fish- 2nd September, during a strong gale from ing boats proceeded to sea on the morning the S. and a heavy sea, the Norwegian of the 7th February, the weather being barque EKs« entered Plymouth Sound for fine and the sea comparatively smooth. shelter, and let go both her anchors. One At about 11 A,M., however, a tremendous chain parted immediately, and the vessel ground sea arose, almost suddenly, and the drove with the second anchor until she boats were in great danger, and could not went ashore on a reef close under the for several hours venture to enter the har- Hoe where she began to break Tip, The bour. The Miehwrd and Sarah Life-boat Clemency Life-boat at once went to her went to their rescue, towed in four of the assistance, and having dropped anchor to boats, containing seven men, and accom- windward, veered down to the wreck. A panied the others in entering the harbour. line was then passed, and the crew of nine men, who had taken shelter in the fore EAMSET, ISLE OF MAN.—On the 6th part of the vessel, were hauled through March, at about 6.80 P.M., the trawler, the water into the boat, and taken to Emerald Isle, of Whitehaven, which had Sutton Harbour, where they were landed been beating about in the bay for about and housed at the Sailors Home. three hours, evidently waiting for water,

o 3 206 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVEMBER 1, 1888.

suddenly made for the harbour mouth, master to let go his starboard anchor. and grounded outside in a very heavy surf. The sea was breaking clean over the ship The Life-boat, Two Sisters, was launched and the wreck of the fore and main masts with great promptitude, and brought which had been cut away was lying ashore the vessel's crew consisting of four alongside. The crew, consisting of ten men. One of the Life-boat men was men, were taken into the Life-boat which washed overboard during this service, then waited to see whether the vessel but was fortunately rescued. would float at high water; but finding A signal of distress was observed from that there was no chance of her doing so, a vessel riding heavily, and dragging her the boat returned to the harbour, arriving anchors on to a lee-shore, during a stiff at noon. The wrecked vessel proved to be breeze from the E.N.E., and a rough sea, the Dutch barque Henning, bound from at about 6 A.M. on the 27th April. The Frederickstadt to Poole, with a cargo of Life-boat was promptly launched to her deals and boards. aid, and found her to be the flat Flora, of On the 29th April, at about 1.15 P.M., Buncorn, bound from Girvan to Liverpool, a smacksman reported that he had seen with gravel. With the help of the Life- a barque on the North Sand Head. The boat the vessel and her crew of three Bradford Life-boat left the harbour in men were brought safely into the harbour tow of the Vulcan, at 1.25, and proceeded at 1 P.M. to the vessel, which proved to be the Galera, of Glasgow, from London to Trini- BAMSGATE.— Signal guns were heard dad with a general cargo. The Life-boat from the Goodwin Sands at 6 o'clock on the went alongside and her services were ac- morning of the 20th March. The Brad- cepted by the master, who was the only ford and Vulcan were at once manned and person on board, the crew being on board left the harbour, proceeded to the Sands, a steam-tug. The vessel having several and ultimately found the barque Georgia, feet of water in her hold, the pumps were of Fiume, bound from Hamburg to Balti- set to work, and the tow-ropes of the more with salt and empty barrels, ashore Vulcan and two other tugs were attached. inside the middle buoy on the S.E. part of The boat was then sent for the crew of the Sand. The crew, thirteen in number, the vessel, but they all refused to return, who were in their boat were taken on with the exception of the mate, who again board the Life-boat which then went went on board. The Champion lugger alongside the vessel, made sail on her, and now arrived alongside, and her crew were with the assistance of the tug tried to get engaged to assist in pumping. The tugs her afloat. The pumps were sounded and towed until 5 P.M. when the barque came it was found that she had seven feet of off, striking heavily on the Sand. The water in her hold, and as there was no Vulcan then cast off, and the other two chance of saving her the Life-boat and tugs towed the vessel to London; the steamer returned to Bamsgate with the Life-boat being in attendance, men being resciied crew, arriving in the harbour at kept on board pumping continually until 11.40 A.M. 5 o'clock the following morning, when On the 30th March, at 5.15 A.M., in she arrived in the West India Dock and reply to signals of distress the Life-boat was moored in a safe berth, having then Bradford and steam-tug Vulcan proceeded three feet of water in her. to the East Goodwin Lightship and found that she had been run into by a schooner, ST. ANDREW'S.—At about 9 o'clock on and had one of the vessel's crew on board. the morning of the 2nd February, the The man was taken into the Life-boat schooner Eosebud, of Goole, was seen from and brought to Bamsgate. St. Andrew's, but the weather becoming On the 6th April, at 4.30 A.M., during thick she was lost sight of. She 'was a moderate N.E. wind, signal guns were next observed at about 11 o'clock, when fired from the Gull Lightship. The Life- she seemed to be heading for the Eden boat Bradford proceeded under sail to the mouth. The Life-boat Ladies' Own was North Sand Head and found a barque despatched to her assistance, but before ashore on the North-east part of the Sand. she could reach her the schooner had gone The Life-boat let go an anchor, veered ashore on the North Bank of the Eden, close alongside the vessel and advised the and her crew, consisting of four men, NOVEMBER 1, 1883.] THE LIFE BOAT. 207

were compelled to take to the rigging the communicating line, were got on to from which they were rescued by the Life- the rocks. The rescuers and the rescued boat. The vessel, which was bound from now made for the Life-boat; after a Sunderland to Montrose with a cargo of perilous journey across the rocks, which coal, became a total wreck. were being swept by the sea, they at last reached it, and pulled for the shore, SCARBOROUGH.—At 6.30 P.M., on the which was made in safety about half an 7th February, the fishing smack Young hour after midnight. The wrecked vessel Alice, of Scarborough, was endeavouring was the schooner Atlas, of Drammen, to enter the harbour during a S.S.E. wind bound thence to Sunderland. She broke and a very heavy sea, but not having up very soon after the crew had been sufficient canvas set she was driven on the rescued. beach. The Lady Leigh Life-boat promptly Her Majesty the Queen subsequently went to her assistance and brought ashore conferred the decoration of the Albert her crew, consisting of five men. Medal of the Second Class on HENRY The fishing smack Wellesley, of Scar- HOOD, in recognition of his most gallant borough, while making for the harbour at conduct on this occasion, and the Institu- dead low-water, during a gale of wind tion also awarded its Silver Medal to him, from the S.E. and a heavy sea, at 7.30 P.M., and to the two FRANKLINS. on the 19th March, took the ground out- side the pier and drove on to the beach. SELSEY.—The barque Tranmere, of Liver- The Life-boat went off to her, took a rope pool, bound from Hull to Cardiff in ballast, to the pier, remained by her until the brought up off Selsey Bill, during a gale water flowed, and then assisted her into of wind from the 8. and in a very heavy the J*Srbour. sea, at about noon on the 2nd September. A fisherman's galley went out to her, but SEATON CAREW, Co. DURHAM.—On the could not get alongside owing to the heavy llth March, at about 8.30 P.M., during a sea. At 5 P.M. a signal of distress was violent gale from the N.E., accompanied shown from the barque, and the Life-boat by thick snow-showers and a very heavy Four Sisters was thereupon launched, and sea, signals of distress were exhibited on reaching her she was found to be strik- from the Long Scar Books off this place. ing heavily, and the crew were anxious to • The Seaton Carew Life-boat was at once be taken ashore, fearing that as she was launched, and proceeded in the direction already leaking and had lost part of her indicated, but no trace of any wreck keel she would go to pieces. The men, could be found. HENRY HOOD, the cox- thirteen in number, were accordingly taken swain of the Life-boat, and one of the into the Life-boat, and landed at Wallend, crew named JOHN FRANKLIN, then deter- the very strong wind preventing the boat mined to land on the reef and make a returning to her station until the follow- thorough search for it, as it was impos- ing morning. sible to take the Life-boat among the rocks in the darkness. With much diffi- SENNEN COVE, LAND'S END.—The smack culty and danger, the sea breaking heavily Spring, of Guernsey, bound from Swansea over them, and the coxswain on one occa- to Dinan, with coal, was observed to be sion being washed off the rocks, they at showing a signal of distress, at 1.30 P.M., last discovered the wreck, and being after- on the 8th January. The Life-boat Denzil wards joined by another of the Life-boat and Maria Onslow at once went to her men, MATTHEW FRANKLIN, they, after assistance and found that she had been many ineffectual attempts, succeeded in run into by a schooner, carrying away her throwing the heaving line over the stern. jibboom and part of her stem and causing Just as this was accomplished, Hood her to leak very badly. The chief officer heard a voice, and seeing some dark of Coast Guard, who had gone out in the object in the surf, he rushed into the sea, Life-boat, and two of the Life-boa£ men and, with the aid of his companions, got on board the smack and, having rescued a mail, who proved to be the anchored her safely, brought her crew of mate of the vessel, in a most exhausted three men ashore in the Life-boat. condition. They then hailed the wreck, and the remaining four men, by means of SIDMOUTH, DEVONSHIRE.—At about 8 208 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVBMBBB 1, 1883.

P.M., on the 29th July, the schooner Hope, castle, with slates, and the smack Annie, of Byde, bouad from Middlesborough i» of Port Binorwie, bound for Wick, showed Sidmouth with a cargo of iron aad eoal, flare-up lights. The Life-boat went out which was lying less than a mile from at 11 o'clock and brought ashore the the beach with two anchors down, parted crews, consisting of five men from the her port cable. A fresh wind from the Ilephzflmh and three men from the Annie. S.W, was blowing at the time and the At 4 o'clock on the following morning the weather was gloomy. The master did not Life-boat again went out in reply to dis- consider it prudent to depend on the re- tress signals, and brought ashore six men maining cable, and he therefore showed from the Bella, of Wick; three men from signals of distress, in response to which the William and Martha,; and four men the Simington Life-boat went to his assist- from the (governor Lodi, of Inverness. ance and brought ashore the crew of four On the afternoon of the 6th March, at men. Oa the following morning, the about 5 o'clock, a schooner was observed wind baring shifted, and the sea being coming from the W. and making for much smoother, the men returned to their Serabster Boads. As the sea was very vessel and recovered the anchor. heavy, and the wind was blowing strongly from the N., fears were entertained that SKKGSBSS, LrtrcoLNSHiBB. — On the she would drive ashore. The Life-boat morning of the 80th September, a vessel Charley Lloyd therefore put off and found was seen with signals of distress about her to be the Enigma, of Port St. Mary, 5 miles 13. of Skegness. The crew of the Isle of Man, bound from Euncorn to Ar- Herbert Ingra,m> Life-boat were at once broath with a cargo of salt. She brought summoned, and the Life-boat having been up far out in the roadstead, and her crew, launched made for the vessel, which was consisting of five men, were landed by found to be the sloop Good Intent, of the Life-boat. King's Lynn, bound to that port from Seaham with coal. She had lost her main TYBELLA, Co. DOWH. — On the 14th boom and her sails had been blown away. August the Memorial Life-boat, ia reply At the Master's request the Life-boat to a signal shown from the ship Henry, accompanied the sloop to Lynn Boads. of St. John, N.B., during a S. wind and She had two men on board. a heavy sea, was launched, and at the master's request brought ashore five SWANASB, DOBSET.—Baring a heavy fishermen who had boarded the vessel gale from the S.S.E. on the 1st September, and had lost their own boat through the the yacht Thalia, which was riding in heavy sea. The Life-boat afterwards re- Swanage Bay, was seen to be rapidly driv- mained by the ship, at the captain's ing towards some dangerous rocks on the request, for two days and one night, until north side. The crew of the Charlotte the wind changed aad she was enabled to Mary Life-boat were promptly mustered, proceed on her voyage. and at about 8.30 P.M. the boat was launched aad proceeded to the yaeht, WBXFOED,—At 1 P.M., on the 9th May, which by this time had been again brought while a strong wind was blowing in squalis up, and found her crew preparing a signal from the N.E. accompanied by a heavy of distress. The Life-boat accordingly let sea, signals of distress were shown from go her anchor, and went alongside; she the fishing yawl Favourite, of Wexford, was then hauled off again, and lay at her which had stranded on the South side of anchors during the night with a line j the bar, while running for the harbour. attached to the vessel, ia readiness to j The Life - boat Civil Service, No, 1, render assistance if the cable parted. manned by her usual crew of Customs At daylight the crew of five men were officers and pilots, the coxswain also being taken into the Life-boat, and brought on an officer of Customs, was immediately land. launched, and proceeded to render assist- ance. Oa arriving alongside, it was found THUHSO, N.B.—During a severe gale of that the vessel was leaking badly and tho wind from the N. and a heavy sea, on the sea beating heavily over her. The crew, night of the 5th March, the schooner consisting of six nien, were, with much HepJmbah, bound from Carnarvon to New- difficulty, taken on board the Life-boat NOVEMBER I, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 209 and landed at Kosslare, The vessel be- WOBTHIHO.— On the 10th February, came a total wreck twenty minutes after- at about 5.50 P.M., the schooner Teresa,, wards. I of Weymoata, bound from Guernsey to I London, with granite, was observed driv- WHITBY.—At noon on the 20th April, j ing on shore. A strong gale of wind from daring calm weather and a heavy sea, ! the S. was blowing and the sea was heavy. three fishing cobles and » Hartlepool pilot j The crew of the Life-boat Henry Harris coble, the latter with only one man on I were immediately summoned, and as it was board, were observed making for Whitby j evident that the vessel could not possibly Harbour. It was considered unsafe for i keep off the lee shore, it was decided to use them to enter on account of the heavy I the Life-boat. Horses had been sent for,; seas breaking on the bar, and the No. 1 I but before they arrived the erew and Life-boat Sobert and Mary Silts was there- i assistants ran the boat and carriage 400 fore launched and supplied the crews of j yards over the sands. The vessel was the cobles with cork jackets. The fishing ! soon reached, aad the crew, numbering boats then succeeded in entering the har- j foar men, saved. The schooner drove bour; but the pilot eobfe refused the j ashore about half a mile East of Worth- assistance of the Life-boat and proceeded ing pier and became a total wreck. South under canvas.

THE WEECK REGISTER AND CHART FOB 1881-82. TEAS after year the Board of Trade Notwithstanding all the improvements publishes a register of the wrecks occur- which have been made in navigation, and ring on the rocky and dangerotis shores the increased care which is taken both at of the British Isles. This register silently sea and on land to guard against and pre- places before us, in carefully arranged vent accidents, there is little doubt that tables, a terrible tale of disaster and loss there must always be an immense destruc- of life, and were it not for the indis- tion of ships an4 property on our coasts, putable figures which give such painful accompanied by a corresponding loss of prominence to the sad details, we should life. No pains should therefore be spared find it difficult to believe that our happy to reduce such casualties to, a minimum. and "righ t little, tight little island " could The latest published statement of naviga- be the centre of, not to say responsible tion and shipping shows that the total for, so much evil. number of vessels entering and leaving On reference to the latest statistics, we our ports, including the Isle of Man find that during the year 1881-82 there and the Channel Isles, last year, was were no less than 3,660 shipping disasters 1676,358, representing a tonnage of immediately around and OB the coasts of1139,443,791, and carrying on board not the United Kingdom, exceeding the total | far short of 4,000,000 people. of the previous year by 85, and resulting j It may be interesting to our readers in the lamentable loss of 1,097 lives, j to study the following concise statement, the corresponding number for the year showing the annual totals of the ship- 1880-81 being 984. wrecks which have occurred on our coasts This total of 3,660 wrecks includes all since 1854:— sorts and classes of maritime accidents, | 1854 (last six months), 458; 1855, viz., wrecks involving total loss, partial j 1,141; 1856,1,153; 1857, 1,143; 1858, loss, collisions, &c., aad it is a matter for j 1,170; 1859,1,416; 1860, 1,379; 1861, satisfaction to know that the cases of total !l,494; 1862,1,488; 1863, 1,664; 1864, loss declined from 705 to 60S, and those ' 1,390; 1865, 1,656 j 1866, 1,860; 1867, resulting in loss of life, from 238 to 235, 2,090; 1868,1,747; 1869, 2,114; 1870, so that the remaining 3,054 casualties 1,502; 1871, 1,575; 1872, 1,958; 1873 may be looked upon as less serious. (first sis months), 967; 1873-4, 1,803; tf accompany the Life Boat Journal*.

SHOWING ALSO THE PRE SETSTT LIFE BOAT STATIONS

S ITMMAKY In, 18&1-2 the* number of vessels lost or damaged- orv coasts and irv the* seas of thjn JTnit cas&s of minor tlcurtage. -was 4,367y and,' the, Loss of life, as fat1 ois can be ctscertodjiecU, was l,O97.

Xlfe Boate. Rocket Stations. There are ...224 ZOO m England,. , 4-4 4-S Scotland. S4 S3 ,. Ireland,. aon 2ae tf accompany the Life Boat Journal*.

SHOWING ALSO THE PRE SETSTT LIFE BOAT STATIONS

S ITMMAKY In, 18&1-2 the* number of vessels lost or damaged- orv coasts and irv the* seas of thjn JTnit cas&s of minor tlcurtage. -was 4,367y and,' the, Loss of life, as fat1 ois can be ctscertodjiecU, was l,O97.

Xlfe Boate. Rocket Stations. There are ...224 ZOO m England,. , 4-4 4-S Scotland. S4 S3 ,. Ireland,. aon 2ae 210 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVEMBER 1,1883.

1874-5, 3,590; 18T5-6, 3,757; 1876-7, were collisions, and 2,974 were wrecks 4,164; 1877-8, 3,641; 1878-9, 3,002; and casualties other than collisions. 526 1879-80, 2,510; 1880-81, 3,575; and of these latter disasters were wrecks, &c., 1881-2, 3,660. resulting in total loss; 719 were casualties From this it will be observed that, in resulting in serious damage, and 1,729 rather more than a quarter of a century, were minor accidents. In the previous there have been 59,076 wrecks, involving year, 1880-81, the wrecks and casualties the sad loss of 20,631 lives. This is the other than collisions on and near our dark side of the page; but it is a matter coasts numbered 2,862, or 112 less than for great thankfulness to' God that we the number reported during the year can record that, during the same period, 1881-2. We observe that out of the through its 274 Life-boats and other 2,974 casualties, other than collisions, means, the NATIONAL LITE-BOAT INSTITU- 2,623 occurred to vessels belonging to this TION has been the means of saving no country and its dependencies, and 851 less than 13,456 lives, and that since its happened to foreign ships. Of these establishment this great Institution has 2,623 British vessels, 1,668 were employed assisted in rescuing from a watery grave in our own coasting trade; 720 in the Thirty thousand two hundred and seventy- (oversea) foreign and home trade, and one persons, all of whom must otherwise 240 as fishing vessels. There were 8 have inevitably perished. casualties to ships belonging to foreign Notwithstanding so many have been countries and states employed ia the saved by the Life-boats, it must be borne British coasting trade, and 275 to foreign in mind that these are far outnumbered by vessels which, although not engaged in the lost. Again and again, during the our coasting trade, were bound to or winter months especially, rockets are from British ports; while there were 68 thrown up, and signals of distress show- casualties to foreign ships which were not ing the urgent need, are observed by those trading to or from the United Kingdom, on shore: in immediate response the Life- Excluding collisions, the localities of boat is launched, manned by brave hearts the wrecks are thus given:—east coast of and strong arms, and hours, sometimes England, 809; south coast, 586; west a livelong night, spent in the fruitless coasts of England and Scotland, and east search for "those in peril on the sea," coast of Ireland, 1,046; north coast of but aE to no purpose; the great waters Scotland, 99; east coast of Scotland, 161; have done their worst, and all is over. and other parts, 278. Total, 2,974. During the year 1882-3, 450 lives were The loss of life, collision cases now saved by means of the Eocket Apparatus being included, was as follows:—east belonging to the Board of Trade, being 190 coast of England, 289; south coast, 129; more than the number saved by the same west coasts of England and Scotland and means during the previous year. The east coast of Ireland, 286; north coast of number of life-saving apparatus stations Scotland, 82; east coast of Scotland, 239; was increased, in the same period, from other parts of the coast, 72. Total, 1,097. 298 to 298. It will thus be seen that the greatest loss The 8,660 shipping disasters which of life happened, as usual, on the east occurred off the coasts of the United coast of England. Kingdom during the year 1881-2, com- The annexed wreck chart will give at prised 4,367 vessels. Unfortunately the a glaace a good idea of the disasters number of ships is larger than the total which have occurred OB our coast during of the previous year by 70; it exceeds the year gone by, and at the same time the casualties reported, because ia cases suggest to us that notwithstanding the of collision two or more ships are neces- valuable services of the Life-boats and sarily involved in one casualty. Thus 686 the rocket apparatus, very little can really NOVEMBEB 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 211 be done to prevent shipwrecks, or to burthen, 725 were from 100 to 300 tons, diminish them to any great extent. 169 were from 300 to 500 tons, and 330 In twenty-one years—between 1861 were above 500 tons burthen. Of the and 1882—the number of British and 444 British vessels totally lost irrespective foreign ships that came to grief on our of collisions, 43 are known to have been coasts, and from which life was lost, was built of iron ; and of this number, 36 were 3,582, resulting in the loss of 16,792 lives. steamships, and 7 were sailing vessels. It is very satisfactory to find that, ex- The Wreck Eegister only gives the cluding collisions, the number of total force and direction of the winds in 1,568 wrecks on our shores of English ships, out of the 3,660 cases of the year; and in caused either by the vessels being unsea- those cases we find that the winds that worthy, or by the officers, pilots, or crews have been most fatal to shipping on and being ignorant or careless, has fallen dur- near the coasts of the United Kingdom ing the last twelve months, in the first during the year were as follows:—N. to E. case from 34 to 20, and in the second inclusive, 234; E. by S. to S. inclusive, case from 92 to 55, while the total losses 257 ; S. by W. to W. inclusive, 739 ; and occasioned by stress of weather have in the W. by N. to N. by W. inclusive, 338. same period decreased from 319 to 276, Total, 1,568. and those arising from unknown causes As regards the force of the wind at the from 95 to 93. time at which the disaster occurred, 432 The number of casualties arising from happened with the wind at forces 7 and 8, the same causes during the year, and or a moderate to fresh gale, when a ship, resulting in serious damage, is as fol- if properly found, manned, and navigated, lows :—Through defects, 24 ; errors, 116; ought surely to be able to keep the sea stress of weather, 344; break down of •with safety; while as many as 1,136 dis- machinery and explosions, 65 ; other asters happened when the force of the causes, 66; and the cases of minor wind was 9 and upwards—that is to say, damage were, through defects, 104 ; from a strong gale to a hurricane. errors, 182; break down of machinery The accidents to ships in our harbours and explosion, 79 ;• stress of weather, and rivers alarmingly increased last year, 1,022; and other causes, 177. although, curiously enough, the number Excluding foreign ships and collision of total losses decreased by one-third. cases, 198 disasters happened to nearly The numbers are as follows:—Accidents, new ships, and 400 to ships from 3 to 7 1,003, or 182 more than the previous years of age. Then there were 502 to year; total losses, 21, or 10 less than the ships from 7 to 14 years old, and 919 to previous year. Of these accidents 690 ships from 15 to 30 years old. Then were occasioned by collision, 18 byfound- follow 437 old ships from 30 to 50 years erings, 222 by strandings, and miscel- old. After passing the service of half a laneous, 73. century, we come to the very old ships, The 1,003 casualties caused the loss of viz., 40 between 50 and 60 years old, 26 or damage to 1,761 vessels, of which 933 from 60 to 70, 16 from 70 to 80, 5 from 80 were British sailing vessels, 687 British to 90, 7 from 90 to 100, and 3 upwards steam vessels, 106 foreign sailing vessels, of 100 years old; while the ages of 70 are and 35 foreign steam vessels. The lives unknown. lost in these casualties were, happily, Without reckoning the collisions, 611 only 19. steamships, and 2,363 sailing vessels, were As regards the collisions on or near our lost or damaged on our coasts last year. shores during the year, 44 out of the 686 With regard to the 2,623 British ships were between steamers under way; 160 which met with disaster, still excluding between steam and sailing vessels both collisions, 1,399 did not exceed 100 tons being under way; and 76 between steam 212 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVEMBER 1, 1883. ships under way, and steam or sailing ves- loss of 1,021 lives, and 20 were foreign, sels at anchor. Careful attention should causing the loss of 76 lives. be paid to these figures, because it is hard After looking through this terrible tale to imagine a more fearful catastrophe of disaster and woe, it is most pleasing to than a collision at sea between two large consider the great work carried on by the vessels. NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, whose The Wreck Abstract again shows a very 274 Life-boats, even during the month considerable increase in the number of of September last, saved 165 lives. It lives lost during the year. Last year we thus unobtrusively presses forward on its recorded 984, now we have to report, grand mission of mercy, more active, if 1,097. Of these, 319 were lost in vessels possible, now than at any previous part that foundered, 77 through vessels in col- of its history, and consequently more lision, 302 in ships stranded or cast than ever dependent on the aid and co- ashore, and 300 in missing vessels. The operation of the British public. We feel remaining 99 lives were lost from various assured that as long as there are ship- causes, such as through being washed over- wrecks on our coasts, and lives to be saved, board in heavy seas, explosions, &c. Of this noble Institution will not be per- the 235 ships from which the 1,097 lives mitted to lack the help it undoubtedly were lost, 215 were British, involving the requires and demands.

ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW LIFE-BOATS.

PADSTOW.—The NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT that the boat is kept in a house erected in INSTITUTION has recently sent a large Life- a small cove near the entrance to the boat to Padstow, on the north coast of harbour, where it can always be readily Cornwall, to take the place of a smaller launched without the help of a carriage. one forwarded there some years since. In the event, however, of its having to be The new boat is 34 feet long, 8 feet wide, conveyed to the shore westward of the and rows 10 oars double banked. It is Port, it is first taken by water to the furnished with a transporting carriage, town, and then placed on the carriage, for which a new house has been built in kept there in its special house, there being a convenient position in the town. A no access by road to the site of the Life- peculiarity of this Life-boat Station is boat house. The whole cost of the Life- 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 218 boat Station has teen presented to the Mr. PBIBEATO-BBOTK was called upon to Institution by B. A. B. PRESTON, Esq. "As a preside. He said he felt great pleasure token of his gratitude for having been in being present on the occasion, and he rescued from shipwreck by the Life-boat called upon all to give a hearty welcome Bradford, stationed at Eamsgate, when his to the new boat. The Local Committee yacht, the Arab, was wrecked on the had ever worked In the strictest h&rmoay Goodwin Sands, on which occasion he, his with the parent Institution, aad he be- stepfather and seven of the yacht's crew, lieved they wonld continue to do so. were rescued from their perilous position After making some further remarks, he by the Life-boat, in conjunction with the called upon Mr. PEESTOST, Who, on rising harbour steamer Aid." In addition to the to formally present the boat to the LIFE- customary harbour trial in London, this BOAT INSTITUTION, was received with Life-boat was also exhibited and tried in hearty and prolonged cheering. In a brief the Serpentine, Hyde Park, when various but exceedingly appropriate address, he pre- life-saving apparatus from the Inter- sented the boat to Commander LA PBIMAH- national Fisheries Exhibition were tested DATK, as the representative of the Institu- fa the water in the presence of the tion, and the District Inspector then Jurors and others. The public ceremony handed it over to the care of the Local ia connection with the first launch of the Committee. In doing so he alluded to new boat at its Station took place on the the fact that the Institution was greatly 15th August last. The Boat was brought indebted to the Branch Committee, and by road from Truro to Padstow, a dis- especially to Mr. PBIOTATJX BETTNK (who tance of 24 miles, on its transporting for 28 years had acted as Chairman), carriage, and on its arrival at Treator, and to the Be%, R. TYACEE, whose about three-quarters of a mile from the presence there that day augured well for town, it was met by a vast concourse of the boat, and who for many years per- people who received it with cheers, A formed so efficiently the duties of Secre- procession, led by the band of the 1st tary, Mr. PBroEAUX-BBOTB, in receiving D.G.A. Volunteers, was formed and marched the boat on behalf of the Committee, con- towards the town. Next the band came & veyed their best thanks for the gift, and number of members of the Order of For- stated that he felt sore that, although the esters, then the boat drawn by eight duties of the crew were perilous, man splendid grey horses, all profusely deco- would never be wanting whenever the rated with flowers and lags, and with the services of the boat were required. The crew dressed in their life-belts and scarlet School children then sang Admiral WABD'S caps, followed by Mr. CHABX.BS DIBDIX, song, The Lifeboat, to Mr. POBDAY'S music, Secretary to the Parent Institution; Com- as published in the last number of the mander C. LA PEIMAOTAYE, B.N., District- Life-~6oat Journal, pages 184-5. The Inspector of Life-Boats; Mr. PKESTOH, Eev. J. ISABEL afterwards, in a most the donor; Mr. 0. G. PBIBZAUS-BEUHB, suitable and impressive prayer, invoked Chairman of the Local Committee; Captain the Divine blessing on the boat, the BOBBBT KEY, Hon. Secretary; Messrs. S. donor and the crew; after which Miss ALLPOBT; W, BISHOP; W. H. DAW; P&EsT0Nji»8iBter of the donor, performed SUSSEX LAHGFOED; Captain LANCWOEB, the ceremony of naming, and said, "I and the Bevs. E. TYACKE and J. ISABEL (the name this boat the Arab, May God local committee), the rear being brought prosper her semees." The boat was then up by the children of the Church of launched amidst ringing cheers, and England and the Wesleyan Sunday-schools, glided gracefully into the water, the band and a long line of people on foot and in playing the " National Anthem." It was carriages. The boat, under the watchful afterwards rowed to Hawker's Cove, its surveillance of Commander LA PBIMATT- destination. DAIE, was driven carefully on its carriage In less than three weeks afterwards, through the narrow and winding streets viz., on the 3rd September, the Life-boat of the town, which were lined with spec- was successful in rendering its first service tators, to the quay, where the carriage to a shipwrecked crew, having safely was ran into shallow water ready for landed, through a high sea, two of the crew launching. Oa the motion of Mr. 8. of the schooner Maria, of (Sranville, which POKT, seconded by the Eev. K, had stranded on the Doom Bar Sands. 214 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVEMBER 1,1883-

POET Earn, ISLK OF MAN.—OB the invitation of the local residents, a new SUMMAKY OF THE Life-boat establishment has been formed MEETINGS OF THE OOMMIT1EE. by the Institution at this port in the Isle of Man, making the fifth Life- j THBBSBAY, 3rd May, 1883. boat stationed on that island. In addi- j His Grace the DDKE of $fOBTHCTIBEBLASB, P.C., tion to being available in the case of j D.O.Tj., President of the Institution, disabled vessels driving ashore on the ] in the Chair. S.W. coast of the Island, or on the out- ] Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre- lying shoals, this boat can be used on the j vioas meeting, and those of the Finance and south coast, launching from Port St. Mary; Correspondence, and Wreck and Eewatd Sub- committees, and she can also be Manched to the north- Bead tie Beports of four of the District In- ward in a small bay in the direction of | specters of Life-boats to the Institution on their Peel. The cost of the Life-boat and equip- • visits to the following Stations:— ment has been defrayed from a legacy I 2. Lynmouth, Watehet, Buraiiatn, Weston- j anper-Mare, Holyhend, and Uanaelhsiarn. left to the Institution by the late BICHABB | 8. Sillotli, Maryport, Bamsey, Douglas (two ROBERTS, Esq., of Blackley, near Man- i Boats), Castletown, Kingstown, and Arklow. chester, and the boat is named the Ann I 4. Atistrather, St. Andrews, Boddon Ness, and Mary of Manchester. It is of the 32 feet Bronghty Ferry, Arbroath, Montrose (two Boats), Gourdon, Stonebaven, Jfewbnrgh, and 10-oared class, is provided with a trans- CrscieD, porting carriage, and was placed on the I 5. Skegness, Chapel, Donna Nook, Button, station with due ceremony on the 28th I Msblethorpe, Griiasby, Bedcar, Saitbum, Mid- August last. The boat was drawn from j dlegborough, Semtoa Garew, West Harflepool j (two Boats), and Hartlepool (tliree Boats). Douglas on its carriage by eight horses, I Beported the receipt of the following Special and on arriving at Port Erin was escorted j Contributions since the last meeting :— to the shore, a brass band being in at- j £ «. d. tendance. His Excellency the Governor j Mrs. LANGWOBTHV, Manehesfer, of the Maud opened the proceedings in a j additional 1,000 0 0 I JOSEPH BOSEBM, Esq., Mina Boat!, suitable address, after which the District 1 S.E. 100 0 0 Inspector of Life-boats, Lieut. TIPPING, Proceeds of Concert at Northfield EJf., on behalf of the Institution and the Hall, Highgate, on the 5th April, donor, requested the Local Committee to per Gt. DUCEWOKTH ATKIH, Esq. 31 710 take charge of the boat. Dr. B. RATCIJFFB, Boyal Antediluvian Order of Buf- faloes Iiife-boat Ptmd, on ac- President of the Branch, tendered the count, per Mr. F. OBEY ... 500 sineerest thanks of the local residents ' —To be seteraUt/ thanked. and promised that they would do their ditty by the Life-boat. He also felt con- I Beported tbat the following Legacies tad f been, bequeathed to the Institution :— fident that no opportunity would be lost ! ' £ t. d. by the crew of rendering service when I The late THOMAS HEWITT, Esq., of required to shipwrecked crews. The "vicar \ Meole Brace, Salop .... 500 0 0 of the Parish, the Eev. F. F. TBACY, i The late Miss E. B. CHUBCHIM,, of , Exeter 100 0 0 having offered up prayer for the success Tte late Miss E. F. HENDERSON, of the boat, the ceremony of nailing was ; of Edinburgh 50 0 0 performed by Miss BATCMHEE, after which ' The late Miss MABY MABIE, of Tuf- the boat was launched amidst cheers; and, ! nell Park, N ID 19 0 having first been capsized in the Bay to 1 The Committee expressed their deep regret demonstrate its self-righting qualities, at the lamented death of Colonel OEOBOS was taken outside the harbour and tried PALMES, who had for upwards of thirty-one in a good deal of sea, when the crew ex- • years been a member of the Committee of i Management of the Institution, and had always pressed themselves much pleased in every 1 taken a warm interest in its welfare. way with it. | Colonel PALMES was the eldest son of the late ' GKQRGE PAMJEB, Esq., M..P. for South Essex, ! one of the Founders of the Institution, and for ', many years its Deputy Chairman. j Yoted the thanks of the Committee to Mr. ! JOHN JBSKINS and the Rev. J. B. YnjjjfQ, for » j their past valuable services as Honorary Secre- taries respectively of the Barmonth and Wells Branches of the Institution. NOVEMBER 1,1883,] THE LIFE-BOAT. 215

Decided to form new Life-boat Stations at The Committee expressed their great gratifi- Barmston, Yorkshire, and Cloghy Bay, Ireland, cation at the honour tlms conferred on the In- and to appropriate to those Stations legacies stitution, and unanimously elected Her Boyal bequeathed to the Institution by the late Highness a Vice-Patroness. GEORGE WALKER, Esq., of Southport, and the Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre- late Mrs, BBADSHAW, of Beading. vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and Beported the transmission to its Station of Correspondence, and "Wreck and Beward Sub- the new -Life-boat for Llanaelhaiarn, Carnar- committees. vonshire, Bead the Eeports of the five District Inspec- Ordered that various works be earned out at tors of Life-boats on their visits to the following the Kiagsgate, Saltburn, and Pakefield Life- Stations:— boat Stations, at an expense of 3161. 13.?. 1. Bembridge, Poole, Swanage, Guernsey, Hayling, Brooke, Brighstone, and Selsey. • Paid 1,310!. 8». id. for sundry charges on 2. Penarth, Porthcawl, Swansea, Pembrey, various Life-boat Establishments. Ferryside, Tenby, Miiford, St. Bride's Bay, St. Voted 402. 2s. CdL to pay the expenses of the David's, Solva, Kshgoard (two Boats), Cardigan, Caiater No. 2, Whitby No. 1, and Montrose Newqnay, Aberystwith, Aberdovey, Barmouth, No, 1 Life-boats, in rendering the following Bortmadoc, and Porthdinllaen. services:— 3. Poolbeg, Greysfones, Wieklow, Conrtown, Lives Oahore, Wexford (two Boats), Oarnsore, Tramore, saved. IhineaimoB, Ihrngitrvan, and Ardmore. Brig Spring, of Guernsey 9 4. Peterhead, ftaserburgh, Wbitelmk Bay, Three fishing cobles rendered assistance. Banff, BneHe, Lossiemouth, Moray Firth, Schooner Mary, of Haagesund .... 6 Tbnwo, Hana, Stromness, and Loaghope, 5. Seaham, Whitbarn, Sunderlancl (four The Baasgate Life-boat had rescued the Boats), Runswiek, Sfcaithes, Whitby (two Boata), crew of ten men of the barquo Berating, of liobin Hood's Bay, TJpgang, and Filey. Horlingen, and had rendered assistance to the The Committee accepted, with great regret, barque Galera, of Glasgow; and the Bamsey the resignation, of Admiral WABD, the Chief Life-boat had saved the flat Flora, of Buncorn, Inspector of Life-boats, and, desiring to ex- and her crew of three men. press in the strongest terms their deep sense of [Accounts of gome of these Life-boat Services his long and valuable services, and his untiring are given on pages 203-209.] I energy and devotion to the work of the Institu- Toted also SSI 10s. to pay the expenses of I tion, extending over 31 years, bestowed on him the Broadstwirs, Winterton No. 2, and Caister I their highest honour, viz., the gold medal of No. 2 Life-boats, in putting off in reply to the Institution, and invited him to continue a signals of distress; the services of the boats, Member of the Committee of Management. however, had not been ultimately needed. I Reported the receipt of the following Special The Stonehaven Life-boat had also been taken | Contributions since the last meeting :— out, but her services were not eventually called £ s. d, into requisition. Mrs. THOIWKW WEST, on behalf of Toted 41. 10s. to six men, for patting off from Port Isaac and littlehamptoii Cley, Norfolk, in a boat, and rescuing the Life-boat Stations (additional) . 1400 0 0 crew of five men of the schooner Jaluinne, of G.BocESTON BBOWSE, Esq., Preston Faaborg, Denmark, who had taken to their (additional) . .' . . . . 200 0 • 0 boat, their vessel being in a leaky condition, Half of netfc proceeds of Hew, during a whole gale from the W., on the night MAEISJS EXBIBITIOK (per Hull of the 27th January. j Branch) ...... 95 2 2 I BICHABD MAHAW, Esq., Kidling- j ton , . 20 0 0 WEDNESDAY, 9th May. . | —To bo severally thanked, EDWABD BIBKBECE, Esq., M.P., V.P., in the I Also tttlt the following legacies bad been be- Chair. queathed to the Institution;— Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre- £ «. d. vious Meeting. The late Miss CATHBEISE PATEB- Elected Mr. CHARMS Dnma", P.K.G.8., Secre- sosr, of Edinburgh .... 1000 0 0 tary of the Institution, in the place of the late The late Mrs. P. S. SMITH, of Lisheen, Co. Cork (Stock) . . 800 0 0 Mr. EIOHABD LEWIS, and appointed the Chief The late GEOKOE POOLEY, Esq., of Clerk, Mr, W. E. Sawn, Assistant Secretary. Hadley 600 0 0 The late Mrs, JAKE HATTOH, of Leamington 100 0 0 THURSDAY, 7th June. The Committee expressed their great regret EDWABD BIEKBECK, Esq., M.P., in the Chair. at the death of Mr. J. A, HABRISON, of Hadders- field, who had for many years been the nineh The CHAIBMAK reported that Her Eoyal High- esteemed Honorary Secretary of the Hmlders- ness the PRINCESS OF WALES had forwarded a field Branch, of the Institution, donation of twenty-five guineas to the Institu- Decided, that Life-boat Stations be formed at tion, and had signified her wish that her name Newport and Abercastle, Pembrokeshire, and should be associated with the Life-boat eaose. Kilmore, Co. Wexford, 216 THE LIFE-BOAT. [NOVEMBEE 1, 1883.

Also that the present large Life-boat at Caister, Norfoli, be replaced by a new one. THUHSDAY, 5th July. Also that various works be carried out at the His Grace tlie DUKE or HOBTHUMBKBLAHB, P.O., Jersey and other Life-boat Stations, at an ex- B.C.L., in the Chair. pense of £317 Us. Id. Head and approved the Minutes of the pre- Paid £3630 4*. Id. for sundry charges on vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and various Life-boat Establishments. Correspondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub- Reported that HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN had Committees. been pleased to confer the decoration of the Read the Report of the Chief Inspector of Life- Albert Medal of the Second Class on Mr. HENKY boats on bis recent visits to Ayr, Irvine, Ardroa- HOOD, coxswain of the Seaton Carew Life-boat, aan, Troon, Aiunmore Island, Fleetwood, and in recognition of his gallant services in assisting St. Anne's. to rescue the crew of the schooner Atlas on the Also the Beports of the five District In- llth March. The Silver Medal of the Institu- spectors of Life-boats on their visits to the fol- tion was awarded to Mr. HOOD on the 5th April lowing Stations:— last. 1. Worthing, Sliorehani, Brighton, Newhaven, Voted 11. <5», (id. to pay the expenses of the and Kingggate. Wexford No, 2 Life-boat in saving the crew, 2. Abersoeh, Holyhead, Llanddwyn, Ehos- numbering six men, of the fishing logger neigr, Cerastes, Cemlyn, Bhoscolyn, Moelfre, JfaixmrUe, of Wexford. Bali Bay, Penmen. Llandudno, Bhyl (two The Scarborough Life-boat had rendered as- Boat3\ and Llanddulas. sistance to the fishing-smack Wettedey, of Sear- 3. Youghal, Ballycotton, Queenstown, Court- borough, and the Gorleston Life-boat had saved macshcrry, V&lentia, and Tralee, the fishing smack Falcon, of Great Yarmouth, i. Aekergill, Dunbar, Berwick, and Hauxley. and her crew of seven men. 5. Flamborough (two Boats), Scarborough, [See pages 207-208 tor particulars of two of Caister (two Boats), Bridlington, Hornsea, Wit- these services.] hernsea, MaWethorpe, and Suttoa. Voted 251. Os, 6d. to pay the expenses of the Reported the receipt of the following Special Milford, Courfffiacsherry, and Clacton Life- Contributions since the last meeting :— boats, in launching, with the view of rendering £ s. d, assistance to distressed vassels. Trustees of the late HUGH DA VIES The Bamsgate Life-boat had also been takea GRIFFITH, Esq., of Caerhun . . 1000 0 0 out, but her services were not required, Miss WHITE and E, F. WHITE, Esq., Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution to Blackheath (annual subscription) 75 0 0 Mr. W. H. AKSOLD, Chief Boatman in charge of Lodge of Freemasons, Felix, Aden, H.M. Coastguard at Sandown, Isle of Wight, in Arabia, under the Grand Lodge acknowledgment of his gallant serf ices in put- of Scotland, per I), MDBBAY ting ofij through a heavy sea, in the station boat LYOK, Esq., Grand Secretary . 10 0 0 with five other men, and saving, at considerable Collected on boord the B.S. Orient, risk, five of the crew of the brigantine Jeuae per Capt. HEWISOH (additional) . 10 0 0 G-ustave, of Brest, which was totally wrecked off —To Jte severally thtuiiced, Ked Cliff, Sandown Bay, during a strong S.W. gale on the evening of the 10th February. Also that the following legacies had been Also 71 to the master and crew of the fishing- bequeathed to the Institution:— boat Good Detign, of Cellardyke, for going out £ s. 4 to sea several miles, and saving the disabled The late IJANBSDOWKE How,, Esq., fishing smack Jessie, of Lerwick, and her crew of Bromley 1000 0 0 of five men during a strong gale of wind from The late Mrs. CAHOLIKB STEPHENS, the N.W. and a high sea on the 14th April. of St. Minver, Cornwall . . . 200 0 0 Also 51 to the crew of a yawl belonging to The late Miss EMt-LABwiLt, of Lee 100 0 0 Seratby, Norfolk, for putting off andtfaving one The late Mrs. JANET LOBIMEK, of man from the boat Three Sisters, of Scratby, Huddersfleld 50 0 0 which had been upset during a fresh -wind from Th* late Mrs. MABT GOLDFINCH, of the N.N.E. on the 1st May. Plymouth 20 0 0 Also Zl, to the mate and a seaman of the The late JAMES TnriuiAN, Eaj., of schooner W. S. Flower, for putting off in a small Nottingham 19 19 0 boat from that vessel daring equally weather on The late Miss ASNB TOLLJSB, of the 9th May, and saving foiir men from a sailing Saxmundham ...... 19 19 0 boat which had capsized and sank off Branksea Voted the thanks of the Committee to the Castle, Dorset. Bev. CAHOK CORNISH in recognition of his past Also 11. to one of the crew of the Pools Life- valuable co-operation as Honorary Secretary of boat for rescuing four mea from a boat which the Portloe Branch of the Institution, had been eanght in a squall «id capsized in, Decided that various works be earned out at Poole Harbour on the I6th May. the Aranmore Island, Danmore, and Margate Also 11, to a man for patting off in a boat and Life-boat Stations, at an. expense of 679J. Ss. saving several persons on the occasion of a boat- named the Mary, of Errislanniii, capsizing oft* Paid 2230?. 18*. Id. for sundry charges on Cliffden Quay daring toe "weather on the 28th various Life-boat establishments, April. Voted SI, 10». to eleven men for saving, at some risk, three other men whose canoe had NOTXMBKB 1,1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 217 been filled by the sea and capsized off the Blaskett Island, Co. Kerry, during a moderate A. HUTCHKSOJ?, Esq., Hereford, and the K.JB. wind on the 21st of May. Misses CHARLOTTE and FASXY HIT- Also 41. to four men for saving five other men CHISSOS (additional) 25 from a fishing-boat which had been swamped WoBSHiPFia COMPANY OF CLOTHWOBKBKS off Insiigiiowen Head, Co. Donegal, during a j (additional) 21 gale of wind from the N.E., on the 7th May. i —To be severally Ilianlxd, Also 2/, Ms. to five men for putting off in a I boat from Fleetwood, and saving two soldiers j Also that the following Legacies had been who had taken refuge on a wreck, having been bequeathed to the Institution :— stjrrounded by the tide while attempting to £ walk ashore from the North Wharf, on the 19th The late Miss ISABELLA BEWICK, of Gates- May. head 1000 Also 2?. 5s, to some men for putting off and The late Captain JOBS HAMILTON, of saving four persons from a boat which had l>een. Oreenoek (duty free) » 50 capsized off Bullsmouth, Co. Mayo, during a strong breeze from the N.E., on the 7th May. Voted the thanis of the Committee to the Bev. E. W, ORACBOWT, the Rev, P. VTVYAK KoBWSoir, WM. COQRLAN, Esq., W. M. PSBSTON, THOBSJDAT, 2nd August Esq., W. M. FLOYD, Esq., and JAMES WATT, His Grace the DCKF. GF Esq., in recognition of their long and valuable D.C.L., in the Chair. ep-operatioa as Honorary Secretaries respec- Bead and approved the Minnies of the pre- tively, of the Lincolnshire, Lizard, Wexford, vious Meeting, and those of the .Finance and Anglesey, Sichaouth, and Banff Branches of Correspondence, and Wreck and Beward Sub- the Institution. committees. Decided, oa tie recommendation of the Dis- Bead the reports of the five District Inspectors trict Inspector of Life-boats, to form a Life-boat of Life-boats on their visits to the following Station at Port Eynon, near Swansea. stations:— Paid 1345Z, 6s. Wd, for sundry charges on 1. Dover. various Life-boat Establishments, 2. Swansea and Fisbguard (two Boats). Voted 231. Vis. to pay the expenses of the 3. Cfreeneastle, Portrash, Groomsport, Bally- Blyth, No. ],aad Sidnioutb. Life-boats in. ren- waiter, Tyrclla, Newcastle, Castletown, Doug- dering the following services :— las (two Boats), and Barnsey. Lives 4. Tynemotith (two Boats) and Blytli (two saved. Boats). Fishing-boats Cltarity, Samaritan, and 5. Hnnstanton, Braneastor, Wells, Blakeney, Janet Thompson, of Newbiggin ... 18 Sheringham, Cromer, Mundesley, Hasborough, Schooner Hope, of Byde 4 Palling (two Boats), Winterton (two Boats), Gorlegton, Yarmouth, (two Boats), PakefieM The Palling No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save (two Boats), Lowestoft, Kessingland (two the stranded barque Khedive, of Hartlepool, and Boats), Southwold (two Bouts), Dunwioh, her crew of 12 men. Thorpeness, Aldborosgh, Harwich, and Claeton. [Accounts of some of these Life-boat services Captain the Hon. H. W. CBBTWTSD, B.H., j are given OB pages 204-208.] the Senior District Life-boat Inspector of the t Voted also '251. On. M. to pai y the expenses of Institution, was appointed Chief Inspector of the Llanddwya, Saltbnrn, Winterton No. 2, and Life-boats, vice Admiral WARD, resigned. Dover Life-boats in assembling their crews or Commander ST. VINCENT NKPBAS, B.N., was putting off to the aid of vessels which did not at the same time transferred from the Hull ultimately require iheir assistance. to the London District, C'onauander CABTEH, Also the Silver Medal of the Institution and B.N., of the Edinburgh District, taking his i 401, to KOBBBT ADAIB on his retirement from place; and Lieut. T. H. WILLOUGHBYBKDDOES, the post of coxswain of the Ballywalter Life- B.S., was etoted Inspector of Life-boats for the boat, in acknowledgment of iris long and valu- Edinburgh District, able services in assisting in the boat to save 126 Beported the receipt through the Manchester lives from different shipwrecks. Branch of the Institution of 6501 from Mrs. Also 107. to thirteen men for putting off in LEIGH CLARE, of that city, to defray the cost of the yawl Cflanee, of Caister, Norfolk, and saving a new Life-boat to ba named the 1/ttzie and the crew, consisting of five men, of the fishing Gkttfles Leigh Clare. smack Zero, of Grimsby, which was totally Decided that the best thanks of the Committee wrecked on the Middle Cross Sand during a be tendered to Mrs. CLARE for her munificent N.W. wind on the 20th July. gift, and that it be appropriated to the new Also 11. Is, to three men for putting off in a Life-boat about to be sent to Cardigan. coastguard boat from Chapel, Lincolnshire, and Beported also the receipt of the following saving a man from a boat belonging to Skeg- otter special contributions since the last meet- ness, which had been capsized off Uaapel during ing:— a strong S. wind oa the 8th July, £ Also 1Z. to two men for saving a man from "a Two Friends at Blackheath . . . . 2uO canoe which had been capsized between Barna AHCIENT OBDEB OF FORESTERS, annual sub- and Furlough, Co. Galway, during a K.E. wind scription in aid of the support of their on the 4th »jtily» two Life-boats , - 100 218 THE LIFE-BOAT, [NOVEKBEB 1, 1883,

sey, Ply mouth, Claoton, and Padstow Life-boats THOESBAX, 6th September, in renderiag the following serviues :~ Lives "L. T. GATE, Esq., in the Cheat, &fwe4. Brigaritine Flora, of Salcombo .... 6 Read and approved the Minutes of the pre- Fishing boats in distress off Montrose. vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and Bendered assistance. Correspondence, ftBd "Wreck and Keward Sab- Barque Vfillicttn Miles, of Londoa ... 12 Committees. Norwegian barque Jenny, Bcndered assist- Eead the report of the Chief Inspector of auee. Life-boats on his visits to Yarmouth, Winter- Sraftcfc Bacehim, of Nantes 3 ton, Gerleston, Lowestoft, Kessinglaad, and Yacht TkeHia . 5 Caister. Eetcli Minnie Motsie, of Milfotd . . . S Also the reports of the five District Inspectors Barque Tmwtrtere, of Liverpool . . . .13 of Life-boats on their -visits to the following Hotwegian barque JSlit& 9 Stations :— Jforwegian barque Rome, 14 1. Eastbourne. Schooaei Maria, of (Jraavilfe ..... 2 2. Looe, Fowey, Mevagisaey, Portloe, Port- The Tyreila Life-boat brought wiiiore five honstoek, Newqway, Falmouth, Cadgwith, fishermen who had boarded the ship Henry, of Lizard, MulHon, Porthleven, Hayle, St. Ives, St. John, N.B., and also reaained by tbe vessel Pad&tow, Port Isaac, Seilly, Penzanee, and during two days and a uight. Sennen. Cove, [Details of most of these Life-to&t aeivieea 8. Poolbeg, Kingstown, Giles Quay, Howth, will be found on pages 202-208.] and Skerries. Voted also 1471 Us. to pay the expenses of 4. Gxillereoais, Cresawell, HewbJggia, Aln- { the Bedoor, Cemlyn, Cemaes, Tyrella, Kew- mouth, Haxntley, Bonrmer, Bamborougb, North hafeB, Fowey, Hastings, Biirnham, Bridlingtou, Stmderland, Holy Wand (two Boats), Berwick, Mootrose No. 1, Harwich, Southend, (Essex), Byemoirfh, North Berwick, Kiktonan, and Ar- Dover, Clacton, and Bamsey Life-boats, in drossan. assembling tlieir crews or putting oft' with the 5. Button, Mabletliorpe, Chapel, and Skeg- view of Tendering assistance to vessels which ness. did not ultimately require tte services of tlie Beported the receipt of the following Special boats, Contiibntions since tiie last meeting:— Abo the Stiver Medal of t\je Itsstxtution to GEOHGB STBOWGBS, coxswain of tbe Kessmgland £ s. (I Life-boats, in recognition of his gallant services WOLVERBAHPTOS BRASOH, in aid of in- those •boats since the establishment of the the cost of the new Life-boat for station. Swansea, tlie Wolverftamptoit . 306 10 0 WOBSHIPFCI, COMPANY OF DBAPEKS (annual subscription). ... Si 10 0 AH EVENING HYMN Collected OB behalf of " AtalaMn Life-boat Fund" by Lieutenant FOB THOSE AT SEi IS STOBMY WEATHER. WALTBB VBBSOJT ANSO», It.N. . 15 10 3 " Tbe waves of the sea ar# jsigiitj, and rage borriblj; BACCP CO-OPERATIVE STORE, Limit- But yet tlie i.t>rd Avho dweUeth on high is mightier." ed (additional) 10 0 0 Psafe sciiL-v. 5, —To "be severally Oiaul-ed. THIS night, O Lord, we lift our ery to Thee For those who travel on the stormy sea; Also that the late Mrs. SCSAXKAH TROWELL, ' To thesn, TO pray Thee, be in mercy near, of Cambridge, had left a Legacy of 1001. to the j And keep and save them in this night of fear. Institution. How many are the prayers before Thy Throne Voted the thanks of the Committee to THOMAS To-tiight, for those now far away from home i WEBBES, Esq., of Palinouth, in recognition of ITiilI many an anxious sonl is charged with fear, his past valuable co-operation, extending over Entreating Thee the storm-tossed ship to steer. many years, as Chairman and Treasurer of the Palmoath Branch of the Institution. Perchance, e'en BOW beneath the beadisg siast, Also to Mr. ALEXAJTOBK MITCHELL for his The prayer of agony goes up, "Lord, hold as long an

ANEEOID BABOMETEBS.

NATIONAL INSTITUTION/

Iltestratton of the Fisheriaaa's Aneroid Barometer as issued bj the National Life-boat Institution. Its Dial or Face, which is enamelled, is five inches in diameter, being half an inch larger tifta the ordinary Mi-sized Aneroid; sad ttie Case is bronzed to prevent corrosion.

THE Committee "have decided to extend 1,200 of these valuable instruments, it to poor Masters and Owners of Coasters, appears to hare been fully appreciated. under 100 tons burden, the privilege of The Committee hope that by this means purchasing for eleven shillings and six- the loss of life which annually takes pence, one-tMrd the retaE cost, a first- place on our coasts among the crews of class Aneroid Barometer, which will be small vessels may be Tery considerably of the greatest «se in warning them of lessened. tlie coming tempest. For more than a Applications should be made through year this boon has been accorded to the Honorary Secretaries of the Branches Masters and Owners of fishing-smacks; of the National Life-boat Institution on and, judging from the fact that applica- farioos parts of the coast. tions have been received for more than ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, SUPPORTED SOLELY BT VOLFNTAET CONTBIBUTIONS. $ati:oiuss— %tt ffiast (gracious President — His Grace the DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, P.C., D.C.L. Chairman — EDWARD BIEKBECK, ESQ.. M.P., V.P. Deputy Chairman—Colone l Firz-Ror CLAYTON. Services of the Life-boats of the Institution in 1882. Mgle, brig, of St. Servan 7 Fishing boats, of Newbiggin— Nordstiernen, sloop, of Haugesund 6 Alert, einack, of Lowestoflr— —rendered assistance. Ocean, smack, of Cardigan 2 saved vessel and .'.... 6 Fishing coble, of Holy Island— Ocean Child, schooner, of Belfast 3 America, brigamine, of Quebec.. 8 saved boat and crew 4 Otto, brigantine, of Hoganas.... 9 Amity, billyboy, of Goole—ren- Formosa, yacht, ol Carmarthen.. 2 Percy, brig, of Riga—saved 3 of dered assistance. Fortuna, barque, of Arendal ... 10 crew..,., ,v..,.,. 3 Amulet, s,8., of Rotterdam 21 Gander, smack, of Cardigan 3 Perseverance, schooner, of Belfast 6 Anapira, schooner, of Kirkcaldy Gateforthy galliot, of Whithorn Queen, schooner, of Inverness... 4 saved vessel and crew 6 —remained by vessel: Quick and Gyles, luggers, of St. Andreas, brigantine, of Skjelskes, Gertrude, Gladstone and Shah, Ives 14 Denmark 8 fishing boats of the Mumbles— Rambler, schooner, of Folkestone 4 Arab, yacht, of Poole 9 assisted to save vessels and ,.. 9 Xa-pid, smack, of Cardigan 3 Aretftusa, barque, of Liverpool.. 10 Glanmania, schooner, of Beau- Reine des Anges, dandy, of Bou- Argo, schooner, of Copenhagen— mans 3 logne—rendered assistance. rendered assistance. Sappy Return, ketch, of Padstow 4 Rheinland, barque, of Hamburg Ariel, brig, of Youghal 7 tfarkaway, brig, of Shoreham— —saved two of the crew 2 August, brig, of Griefswald—as- rendered assistance. Hose, schooner, of Carnarvon .... 3 sisted to save vessel and.,.„.. 7 Harriet, ketch, of (ioole—assisted Ross, barque, of Areadal—saved Belle* smack, of Blytb. 6 to save vessel and thoss on crew 10 Ben & Louisa, boat, of Southwold 3 board 8 R. W. Boyd, s.s., of North Shields 14 Bexhill, schooner, of Shoreham .. 4 Henrietta, schooner, of London.. 4 Jiydal Han, S.B., of Liverpool— Blue Bell, ketch, of Padstow .... 3 Hope, dandy, of St. Ives—saved rendered assistance. Boconnoc, smack, of Padstow— vessel and 3 St. George, brig, of Maryport.... 9 assisted to save vessel and .... 3 Hoppet, schooner, of Helsingborg 7 Saraca, barque, of Glasgow—re- Bon Accord, lugger, of Portknockie 3 lona, schooner, of Padstow 5 mained by vessel. Bradley, s.s., of Liverpool—as- Irvine, steam tug, of Irvine 4 Sinters, fishing smack, of Gorles- sisted to save vessel and creNewquay 4 Vigilant, schooner, of Dundee— Jiden, barque, of Liverpool—as- Louisa, brig, of Stettin 6 rendered assistance. sisted to save vessel and crew . 17 Margaret, smack, of Cardigan.,, 2 Volant, schooner, of Wick: 4 Edmund, Danish schooner ...... 7 Martha Jane, smack, of Aber- Wellington, brig, of AberystwitU 11 kgmont, barque, of South Shields 13 ystwith 3 H ilhelmina, brigantine, ol Exeter }. lizabeth, brig, of Arklow 5 JMary, schooner, of St. Ives 5 —rendered assistance. Elizabeth, schooner, of Aberyst- Mary Anne Jane, smack, of Car- Xanthus, brigantine, of Aberyst- with 3 narvon 3 with 6 Ellen, smack, of Milford 3 Mary Stevens, smack, of Padstow 4 Emerald isle, lugger, of Howth . 2 Mary Wood, brigantine, of Belfast 1 Total lives saved by Life-boats in grminia, Norwegian barque— —rendered assistance. 1882, in addition to Twenty- rendered assistance. Matin, s.s., of Sunderland 16 three vessels 74.1 Jfugenie Augustet schooner, of Mina, barque, of Kalmar, Sweden 10 i Castletown 5 Mornington, brig, ol Colchester.. 8 During the same period the Insti- furope, barque, of Bordeaux .... 6 JMosel, s.s., of Bremen 27 tution granted rewards for saving £vening Star, ketch, of Hull- Napier, s.s., of Shields—remained lives by nshing and other boats 143 assisted to save vessel and crew 3 by vessel. gxpedit, brigantine, of Porsgrund 6 Newbiggin, fishing coble—saved Total of lives saved ? 881 J'anny, sloop, of Fishguard— coble. in 1882 i saved vessel and 2 Nimrod, barque, of Liverpool... 18 The number of lives saved either by the Life-boats of the Institution, or by special exertions for which it has granted rewards, since its formation, is 30,271; for which services 97 Gold iJedals, &S4 Silver Medals and £73,000 in cash have been granted as rewards. It should be specially noted that the Life-boat crews, excepting u-Jten remunerated by the owners of vessels for jtro- pzrty salvage se> vices, are paid by the Institution for their efforts, whether successful or not, in saving life. The average expense of a Life-boat Station is £1,000, which includes £650 for the Life-boat and ber equip- ment, including Life-belts for the crew, and Transporting-carriage for the Life-boat, and £350 for the Boat-house, (average cost). The approximate annual expense of maintaining a Life-boat Station is £70. Donations and Annual Subscriptions are thankfully received by the Bankers of the Institution, Messrs. COUTTS AND Co., 59 Strand; Messrs. HERBIES, FABQUHAB, AKD Co., 16 St. James's Street; Messrs. UoAas, 31 Kleet Street, London; by all the other Bankers in the United Kingdom; by all the Life-boat Branches; and by the Secretary, CHAKLES DIBDIIT, Esq., at the Institution, 14 JOHN STKEKT, ADELPHC, LONDON, W.C.— November 1, 1883,