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Single-Winner Voting Method Comparison Chart
Single-winner Voting Method Comparison Chart This chart compares the most widely discussed voting methods for electing a single winner (and thus does not deal with multi-seat or proportional representation methods). There are countless possible evaluation criteria. The Criteria at the top of the list are those we believe are most important to U.S. voters. Plurality Two- Instant Approval4 Range5 Condorcet Borda (FPTP)1 Round Runoff methods6 Count7 Runoff2 (IRV)3 resistance to low9 medium high11 medium12 medium high14 low15 spoilers8 10 13 later-no-harm yes17 yes18 yes19 no20 no21 no22 no23 criterion16 resistance to low25 high26 high27 low28 low29 high30 low31 strategic voting24 majority-favorite yes33 yes34 yes35 no36 no37 yes38 no39 criterion32 mutual-majority no41 no42 yes43 no44 no45 yes/no 46 no47 criterion40 prospects for high49 high50 high51 medium52 low53 low54 low55 U.S. adoption48 Condorcet-loser no57 yes58 yes59 no60 no61 yes/no 62 yes63 criterion56 Condorcet- no65 no66 no67 no68 no69 yes70 no71 winner criterion64 independence of no73 no74 yes75 yes/no 76 yes/no 77 yes/no 78 no79 clones criterion72 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 monotonicity yes no no yes yes yes/no yes criterion80 prepared by FairVote: The Center for voting and Democracy (April 2009). References Austen-Smith, David, and Jeffrey Banks (1991). “Monotonicity in Electoral Systems”. American Political Science Review, Vol. 85, No. 2 (June): 531-537. Brewer, Albert P. (1993). “First- and Secon-Choice Votes in Alabama”. The Alabama Review, A Quarterly Review of Alabama History, Vol. ?? (April): ?? - ?? Burgin, Maggie (1931). The Direct Primary System in Alabama. -
Recalling an Elected Official of the State Or a Political Subdivision
2021-2023 __________________ RECALLING AN ELECTED OFFICIAL OF THE STATE OR A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION North Dakota otes ✓ ss 2022 SECRETARY OF STATE Alvin A Jaeger State of North Dakota 600 E Boulevard Ave Dept 108 Bismarck ND 58505-0500 ELECTIONS UNIT (701) 328-4146 [email protected] Vote.ND.Gov Alternate formats for persons with disabilities are available upon request. August 2021 FOREWORD This pamphlet is a compilation of laws found in the North Dakota Century Code relating to the recall process in the state of North Dakota. It is a reference source for state and local election officials, candidates, the public and the media. If you have questions regarding this pamphlet, please contact the Elections Unit of the Secretary of State’s office by calling 701-328-4146, sending an email to [email protected], or writing to Secretary of State, Elections Unit, 600 East Boulevard Avenue Dept 108, Bismarck ND 58505-0500. DISCLAIMER The following excerpts of North Dakota law are from the North Dakota Century Code (NDCC) and pertain to elections, election procedures, and the recall process. Although every attempt has been made for accuracy, the reprint of these laws does not carry the same authority as the actual NDCC and should not be equated with the official NDCC. This compilation is only intended as a helpful resource and reference for consolidated election related laws. For official and legal purposes, the official NDCC should be used. In addition, the following excerpts of North Dakota law do not contain the material found in the legal notes following the various sections contained in the NDCC. -
PRECEDENTIAL UNITED STATES COURT of APPEALS for the THIRD CIRCUIT No. 06-2241 MARAKAY J. ROGERS, Esquire, Candidate for Governo
PRECEDENTIAL UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT No. 06-2241 MARAKAY J. ROGERS, Esquire, Candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania; THE GREEN PARTY OF PENNSYLVANIA, c/o Paul Teese, Chair; THE CONSTITUTION PARTY OF PENNSYLVANIA; KEN V. KRAWCHUK; HAGAN SMITH, Appellants. v. THOMAS W. CORBETT, JR., Attorney General of Pennsylvania; COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, c/o Office of the Attorney General of Pennsylvania; GOVERNOR EDWARD G. RENDELL; PEDRO A. CORTES, Secretary of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania District Court No. 06-cv-00066 District Judge: Hon. John E. Jones, III Argued on July 10, 2006 Panel Rehearing Granted November 3, 2006 Before: SMITH, ALDISERT, and ROTH, Circuit Judges (Opinion filed: November 3, 2006) O P I N I O N Samuel C. Stretton, Esquire (Argued) 301 South High Street P. O. Box 3231 West Chester, PA 19381-3231 Counsel for Appellants Thomas W. Corbett, Jr., Esquire Attorney General Howard G. Hopkirk, Esquire (Argued) Senior Deputy Attorney General John G. Knorr, III, Esquire Chief Deputy Attorney General Chief, Appellate Litigation Section Office of the Attorney General of Pennsylvania Strawberry Square, 15th Floor Harrisburg, PA 17120 Counsel for Appellees ROTH, Circuit Judge: Plaintiffs, a group of minor political parties and minor party nominees for state-wide office,1 challenged the constitutionality of Section 2911 of the Pennsylvania election code, 25 PA. CONS. STAT. § 2911(b), as applied to minor political parties and their candidates. They moved for a 1Plaintiffs are Marakay Rogers, Esq., the Green Party candidate for Governor in the November 2006 general election; the Green Party of Pennsylvania; Hagan Smith, the Constitution Party candidate for Governor; the Constitution Party of Pennsylvania; and Ken V. -
2021 Election Calendar
2021 Idaho Election Calendar Revised 09/16/2021 This edition of the 2021 Idaho Election Calendar is subject to amendatory changes during the 2021 session of the Idaho Legislature. If changes occur, an updated version will be published. Jan. 4 Election Register Examination: Deadline for county clerks to examine the election register, from the Nov. 3 election, and note challenges. [§34-432(1), Idaho Code] Jan. 15 Absentee Voter Report: Deadline for county clerks to submit report on General Election absentee voters to the secretary of state, as required by federal law. [§34-1002, Idaho Code] Jan. 15 Early Voting Security Plan: Deadline for county clerks to submit their ballot security plan to the secretary of state. (*NOTE: The Early Voting Security Plan must be submitted at least 30 days prior to implementing an early voting plan.) [§34-1013, Idaho Code] Jan. 19 Ballot Question Submission Deadline: School districts must supply ballot language (to the county clerk) for any bond or property tax levy questions — to be placed on the ballot — for the March 9 election. [§34- 106(8), Idaho Code] Jan. 22 Deadline for County Clerk to order recall election for Political Subdivision for the March 9 election. [§34- 106(9) and §34-1707, Idaho Code] Jan. 28 Voting Procedure Modifications: Deadline for county clerks to submit their plans to the secretary of state if they want to modify voting procedures (for a political subdivision) — for the March 9 election. [§34-1413, Idaho Code] Jan. 28 Print Absentee Ballots: Last day for county clerk to print absentee ballots for the March 9 election. -
Women and the Presidency
Women and the Presidency By Cynthia Richie Terrell* I. Introduction As six women entered the field of Democratic presidential candidates in 2019, the political media rushed to declare 2020 a new “year of the woman.” In the Washington Post, one political commentator proclaimed that “2020 may be historic for women in more ways than one”1 given that four of these woman presidential candidates were already holding a U.S. Senate seat. A writer for Vox similarly hailed the “unprecedented range of solid women” seeking the nomination and urged Democrats to nominate one of them.2 Politico ran a piece definitively declaring that “2020 will be the year of the woman” and went on to suggest that the “Democratic primary landscape looks to be tilted to another woman presidential nominee.”3 The excited tone projected by the media carried an air of inevitability: after Hillary Clinton lost in 2016, despite receiving 2.8 million more popular votes than her opponent, ever more women were running for the presidency. There is a reason, however, why historical inevitably has not yet been realized. Although Americans have selected a president 58 times, a man has won every one of these contests. Before 2019, a major party’s presidential debates had never featured more than one woman. Progress toward gender balance in politics has moved at a glacial pace. In 1937, seventeen years after passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, Gallup conducted a poll in which Americans were asked whether they would support a woman for president “if she were qualified in every other respect?”4 * Cynthia Richie Terrell is the founder and executive director of RepresentWomen, an organization dedicated to advancing women’s representation and leadership in the United States. -
California Institute of Technology
DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91125 COMPARING ABSENTEE AND PRECINCT VOTERS: A VIEW OVER TIME Jeffrey A. Dubin Gretchen A. Kalsow <� er: 0 1891 U- ,.... 0 ')/,.. 0 0 '\'- SOCI AL SCIENCE WORKING PAPER 942 October 1995 COMPARING ABSENTEE AND PRECINCT VOTERS: A VIEW OVER TIME Jeffrey A. Dubin Gretchen A. Kalsow Abstract This paper examines the trend in absentee voting over the last thirty years in Cali fornia. With the liberalization of absentee voting laws and practices, an increase in the numbers of absentee voters quickly followed. Absentee voters have already demonstrated their ability to influence the outcomes of local elections. An open question is what will become of absentee voters in the future. If they are the model for "voting at home," and if technological advances allow such, then the behavior of current absentee voters may be indicative of the future electorate. The increasing trend of voters opting for absentee ballots is analyzed by using GLS on a random effects time-series cross-section model with county level data. The focus is on identifying structural factors such as changing voter demographics that have influenced the decision of voters to cast absentee ballots. Thirty-three recent state-wide elections in California are the basis for this analysis, covering the statewide primary and general elections from November 1962, through November 1994. We find that the impact of demographics and time trends on absentee voting differ between general and primary elections. In addition, we find that a 1977 liberalization law in California had the effect of accelerating the usage of the absentee format. -
Of 7 Sb130-133/2122 REGULAR ELECTION SCHEDULING SB 130
REGULAR ELECTION SCHEDULING S.B. 130-133: SUMMARY OF INTRODUCED BILL IN COMMITTEE Senate Bills 130 through 133 (as introduced 2-11-21) Sponsor: Senator Aric Nesbitt (S.B. 130 and 132) Senator Paul Wojno (S.B. 131 and 133) Committee: Elections Date Completed: 6-23-21 CONTENT Senate Bill 130 would amend the Michigan Election Law to do the following: -- Amend the definition of "odd year primary election" to mean the election held on the June, instead of August, regular election date in an odd numbered year. -- Require general primaries that currently take place on the Tuesday after the first Monday in August before every November general election to take place in June. -- Specify that nominating petitions would have to be received by the Secretary of State (SOS) or filed with an applicable clerk up to 4 PM on the fifteenth Tuesday before the June, instead of August, primary. -- Require certain election activities that are scheduled in accordance with an August primary to be scheduled in accordance with a June primary. -- Require the filing deadline or certification deadline for a nomination by caucus or by filing a petition or affidavit to be 4 PM on the fifteenth Tuesday before the March, instead of May, election. -- Require the chairperson of the county committee or district committee of a Congressional district of each political party, by February 1 in even numbered years, instead of April 1, to provide to the board of election commissioners a certificate showing the number of delegates to the county convention in which each precinct of the county is entitled. -
Town Charter
CHARTER TOWN OF ATHOL Approved by voters on April 3, 2000 Effective July 1, 2000 Amended April 4, 2005 Amended April 3, 2006 Amended April 2, 2007 Amended April 6, 2015 PREAMBLE ................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1 – POWERS OF THE TOWN ................................................................................... 4 Section 1 Incorporation ........................................................................................................... 4 Section 2 Scope of Town Powers ........................................................................................... 4 Section 3 Form of Government............................................................................................... 4 Section 4 Construction of Charter........................................................................................... 4 Section 5 Intergovernmental Relations ................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2 – TOWN MEETING ................................................................................................ 5 Section 1 Organization ............................................................................................................ 5 Section 2 Powers and Responsibilities ................................................................................... 5 Section 3 Procedures .............................................................................................................. -
Police Referendum Wins Easily As Incumbents Win Reelection
GREENBELTTT News R Aneview Independent Newspaper VOL. 68, No. 51 15 Crescent Rd., Suite 100, Greenbelt, MD 20770-1887 NOVEMBER 10, 2005 City Council Election (Unofficial Results) Top 5 Win American Education Week North Springhill Greenbelt November 13 through 19, 2005 Center End Lake East Absentee Total For City Council Local Schools to Celebrate Judith F. Davis 560 535 51 411 96 1,653 77.5% 77.3% 82.3% 83.0% 78.7% 78.9% American Education Week Rodney M. Roberts 560 545 39 362 98 1,604 77.5% 78.8% 62.9% 73.1% 80.3% 76.6% by Mary Moien Edward V. J. Putens 494 472 39 385 88 1,478 68.3% 68.2% 62.9% 77.8% 72.1% 70.6% Greenbelt schools will cel- Pinsky, Bruce Katz, Region II as- Konrad E. Herling 526 476 26 287 87 1,402 ebrate American Education Week sistant superintendent, and Jose 72.8% 68.8% 41.9% 58.0% 71.3% 67.0% November 13 through 19. “A Morales, school board member. Leta M. Mach 497 465 33 296 89 1,380 Strong America Starts with Great The younger children’s assembly 68.7% 67.2% 53.2% 59.8% 73.0% 65.9% Public Schools” is the theme of will be held at 2 p.m. Kelly P. Ivy, Sr. 266 252 30 219 38 805 this year’s celebration. The At each assembly, the 4th 36.8% 36.4% 48.4% 44.2% 31.1% 38.4% theme highlights the importance grade classes will present a “Liv- of bringing together teachers, ing Timeline of Maryland His- Collective Bargaining Referendum Question schools staff, parents, students tory.” Each of the three 4th FOR the Charter amendment 361 331 46 312 55 1,105 and communities in a unified ef- grade classes has prepared skits AGAINST the Charter amendment 299 293 7 142 56 797 fort to build great public on significant dates. -
Ranked-Choice Voting from a Partisan Perspective
Ranked-Choice Voting From a Partisan Perspective Jack Santucci December 21, 2020 Revised December 22, 2020 Abstract Ranked-choice voting (RCV) has come to mean a range of electoral systems. Broadly, they can facilitate (a) majority winners in single-seat districts, (b) majority rule with minority representation in multi-seat districts, or (c) majority sweeps in multi-seat districts. Such systems can be combined with other rules that encourage/discourage slate voting. This paper describes five major versions used in U.S. public elections: Al- ternative Vote (AV), single transferable vote (STV), block-preferential voting (BPV), the bottoms-up system, and AV with numbered posts. It then considers each from the perspective of a `political operative.' Simple models of voting (one with two parties, another with three) draw attention to real-world strategic issues: effects on minority representation, importance of party cues, and reasons for the political operative to care about how voters rank choices. Unsurprisingly, different rules produce different outcomes with the same votes. Specific problems from the operative's perspective are: majority reversal, serving two masters, and undisciplined third-party voters (e.g., `pure' independents). Some of these stem from well-known phenomena, e.g., ballot exhaus- tion/ranking truncation and inter-coalition \vote leakage." The paper also alludes to vote-management tactics, i.e., rationing nominations and ensuring even distributions of first-choice votes. Illustrative examples come from American history and comparative politics. (209 words.) Keywords: Alternative Vote, ballot exhaustion, block-preferential voting, bottoms- up system, exhaustive-preferential system, instant runoff voting, ranked-choice voting, sequential ranked-choice voting, single transferable vote, strategic coordination (10 keywords). -
Case 1:20-Cv-01253-ELH Document 2-1 Filed 05/19/20 Page 1 of 20
Case 1:20-cv-01253-ELH Document 2-1 Filed 05/19/20 Page 1 of 20 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND MARYLAND GREEN PARTY, et al., * Plaintiffs, * v. * Civil Action No. ____________ LAWRENCE J. HOGAN, JR., in his * Official Capacity as Governor of Maryland, et al., * Defendants. * * * * * * * * * * MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AND/OR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION Maryland Green Party (“Green Party”), Steven Andrew Ellis (“Ellis”), Libertarian Party of Maryland (“Libertarian Party”), and Robert S. Johnston, III (“Johnston”) Plaintiffs, by undersigned counsel, submit the following memorandum in support of their Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and/or Preliminary Injunction. INTRODUCTION This First Amendment case arises out of the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had and continues to have upon the ability of the Green Party and the Libertarian Party to collect signatures that Maryland law requires that for them to be granted party status and ballot access for the 2020 General Election. The 10,000-signature requirement of Maryland Code, Election Law (“EL”) § 4-102, cannot be met under current circumstances. Maryland’s 10,000-signature requirement under current conditions impermissibly burdens the Plaintiffs’ First Amendment rights and must be reduced. Case 1:20-cv-01253-ELH Document 2-1 Filed 05/19/20 Page 2 of 20 The Plaintiffs are likely to succeed on the merits of their First Amendment claim. Over the past month, several Federal District Courts have held that the First Amendment requires a reduction of analogous signature requirements in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. -
Democracy Without Elections Mainz
Democracy without Elections: Is electoral accountability essential for democracy? Felix Gerlsbeck [email protected] Paper prepared for the workshop “Democratic Anxiety. Democratic Resilience.” Mainz, 15-17 June 2017 DRAFT VERSION, PLEASE DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR’S PERMISSION 1. Introduction The idea of choosing political decision-makers by sortition, that is, choosing them randomly from a pool of the entire population or from some qualified subset, through some form of lottery or other randomizing procedure, is familiar to democrats at least since ancient Athens. Apart from the selection of trial juries, however, sortition has all but disappeared from official decision-making procedures within contemporary democratic systems, and free, equal, and regular election through voting by the entire qualified population of candidates who put themselves forward for political office, has taken its place. Nevertheless, there has been renewed interest in the idea of reviving sortition-based elements within modern democratic systems over the last years: a number of democratic theorists see great promise in complementing elected decision-making institutions with those selected randomly. These proposals variously go under the names mini-publics, citizen juries, citizen assemblies, lottocracy, enfranchisement lottery, and even Machiavellian Democracy.1 The roots of this practice go back to ancient Athens. During the 5th century Athenian democracy, the equivalent of the parliamentary body tasked with deliberating 1 See for instance, Guerrero 2014; Fishkin 2009; Warren & Gastil 2015; Ryan & Smith 2014; Saunders 2012; López-Guerra 2014; López-Guerra 2011; McCormick 2011. 1 and drafting policy proposals, the boule, was chosen by lot from the citizens of Athens through a complex system of randomization.