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CarterCopters • Cleaner Your affordable environmentally-friendly • Greener VTOL technology • Safer © 2015 – Carter Aviation Technologies, LLC Carter Aviation Founded in 1994 Is a green VTOL possible? Genesis & Mission: The company has its roots in the wind industry. In the late 70s and early 80s, Carter Wind Systems developed the most efficient wind turbine of its time. The key enabler was the very lightweight high inertia wind turbine blades. This same core technology is a critical enabling ele- ment of Carter’s Slowed-Rotor/Compound (SR/C™) technology. Jumpstarted by the success in the wind industry, Carter Aviation was founded with the mission to develop breakthrough vertical-lift techno- logy – Technology aimed at providing the world’s safest and most efficient and environmentally friendly runway indepen- dent aircraft ever conceived. …and they did it! *SR/C is a trademark of Carter Aviation Technologies, LLC Technology Comparisons Assessment Factors Ducted Fan Helicopter Tiltrotor Fixed-Wing CarterCopter Speeds beyond 350 kts Hover Efficiency N/A Cruise Efficiency Engine Out Safety Stall Characteristics Easy to Fly Ease of Obtaining License Autonomous Potential CarterCopter Stands Out: All aircraft have varying levels of potential across a variety of assessment factors. From speed to hover and cruise efficiency, the CarterCopter hits them all. No other technology provides the level of performance, level of safety, and ease of operation in a single platform. All of this in a cleaner and more cost effective design. Because of these characteristics, the Carter- Copter will emerge in the future as the aircraft of choice. 20 years in the making, this runway indepen- dent technology offers the freedom of VTOL operations with the speed and efficiency of conventional fixed- wing aircraft, but delivers this performance at an affordable price. No other technology has achieved this. …how developed? CarterCopters: Green Technology of Tomorrow Available Today! Gen II Prototype Flight Testing 2010-Present Gen I Prototype Flight Testing 1998-2005 Wind Tunnel Test Model Founded 1994 Technology Demonstrations: • Extreme Cruise Efficiency • Jump Takeoffs …how possible? • Zero Roll Landings • Broke Mu-1 Barrier (Aviation First) • Engine Out Safe Recovery and Landing It’s all about Drag Reduction CarterCopter is a simple fixed-wing aircraft first Rotor added for vertical takeoff & landing Rotor RPM greatly reduced for cruise CarterCopter Slowed Rotor: The slowing of the rotor all but eliminates its contribution to drag in cruise flight and thus you’re back to a pure fixed-wing aircraft with all the performance benefits and efficiencies. The addition of the rotor and the subsequent slowing of its RPM to eliminate drag is what gives CarterCopters VTOL performance without the baggage. That baggage being the debilitating impact of an open rotor system in forward flight with all of its associated drag and cruise inefficiency. …how’s it transition? Seamless Transition from 4. Landing: Rotor RPM auto- matically speeds up as aircraft Vertical to Translational Flight decelerates for landing. Pilot performs simple flare to arrest 2. Transition: Aircraft the sink rate and perform a accelerates & rotor RPM auto- zero-roll landing. matically begins to slow (no pilot input required). 3. Cruise: Rotor continues to slow automatically to the minimum stable RPM with wings providing 90% of the lift. 1. Takeoff: Rotor is pre-rotated on the ground then disengaged for takeoff. A simple button press and the aircraft automatically jumps off the ground and begins to climb and accelerate. Pilot maintains throttle setting and aircraft pitch like a conventional fixed-wing aircraft. CarterCopter Flying Characterics: CarterCopters are designed to fly generally like conventional general aviation aircraft. With the exception of pre-rotating the rotor in preparation for a vertical takeoff, airmanship and handling of the aircraft will be familiar to fixed-wing pilots. This has been achieved by fully automating aspects of the aircraft control specific to the vertical flight elements and transition to wing borne flight. …technologies involved? Enabling Technologies High Inertia Rotor High Mu Ratio Rotor Permits Jump Takeoffs Enables High Speed and Safe Engine Forward Flight Out Landings Tilting Mast Controls Rotor RPM for High Cruise Efficiency High Aspect Ratio Wings Optimized High Energy Absorbing for Cruise Efficiency Landing Gear Improves Landing Safety All Composite Construction Reduces Weight which Improves Performance Safety & Efficiency Focus: • Carter SR/C technology has demonstrated efficiency 3x better than helicopters • Safety features are best-in-class for VTOLs and dramatically better than general aviation …the results aircraft “I think we need a revolution in direct operating costs” * *Dick Spivey, former director of the Army’s The Solution… AeroFlightDynamics Directorate (AFDD), made these remarks at the American Helicopter Society (AHS) annual forum 69 and published in the AHS Vertiflight Helicopters magazine (Vol. 59, No. 4) CarterCopters 1000 66% reduction 900 in Direct 800 Operating Costs 700 600 500 400 300 200 Relative Comparisons Relative 100 0 Fuel Consumption1 Operating2 Acquisition3 Costs CarterCopters are Sustainable: • Consume 1/3 the fuel of Helicopters • Operating cost 1/3 that of Helicopters • Acquisition cost 1/2 that of Helicopters …details? Sample Matchups Representative Max Speed Range Payload Fuel per Mile Helicopters (kts) (nm) (lbs) (lbs per nm) EC-120 120 340 836 2.15 EC-135 140 334 1,201 3.88 206B3 120 301 818 2.03 407 140 330 1,342 3.41 R44 (Raven II) 116 300 823 1.10 R66 125 325 927 1.86 Average 127 322 991 2.4 lbs per nm CarterCopter 200 690 1,000 0.72 lbs per nm Data Source: Conklin & de Decker supplemented with OEM published specifications CarterCopter Performance Above based on the 4-place aircraft with a 45 ft rotor and 38 ft wingspan powered by the Lycoming TIO-540. At 17,500 ft altitude and best range cruise speeds, this aircraft can deliver a 976 nm range! Clean Technology: • Farther • Faster …how clean? • Carrying more • Fraction of the cost • On less fuel! Emissions 34.7 35.6 22.8 2012 2011 2010 Billion Metric Tons of CO2 8 7 6 Average Helicopter 5 Carbon emissions 4 3 per nautical mile 2 vs CarterCopters 1 0 Green Technology for a Brighter Future …how achieved? Cruise Efficiency 14 12 ) e 10 8 Better 6 4 Effective Lift to Drag (L/D to Drag Lift Effective 2 0 0 100 200 300 400 True Airspeed (mph) CarterCopter (4k ft) CarterCopter (25k ft) CarterCopter Advantage: • Typical Helo L/De ~ 4 or slightly higher • CarterCopter 3x better than Helos • Represents world’s most efficient VTOL …VTOL Safety? VTOL Safety World 1400 Class 1200 1000 Better Good 800 Minimal Margin 600 Margin 400 200 0 Rotor Energy / Pounds Gross Weight Gross / Pounds Energy Rotor R22 OH-58 4121 206A CarterCopter UH-60 CH-53 214 AH-1 CarterCopter Soars: CarterCopters are equipped with an ultra high inertia rotor that generates tremendous energy. It is this energy that is har- vested to perform safe zero roll landings time after time. For the world’s helicopter fleet, landing on rotor energy alone is an emergency procedure and can result in significant damage to the aircraft or worse. CarterCopter rotor technology makes these landings routine. …why important? Safety Events Leading Carter Helo CarterCopter Helo to Autorotation Copter Implications Implications Emergency procedure - Enter Perform normal landing Autorotation. Specific helo type and Engine Failure pilot proficiency determine outcome Emergency procedure - Enter Perform normal landing Autorotation. Specific helo type and Fuel Starvation pilot proficiency determine outcome Emergency procedure - Enter Main gearbox not Autorotation. Specific helo type and required in flight Main Gearbox Failure pilot proficiency determine outcome with a CarterCopter Emergency procedure - Enter Tailrotor driveshaft Autorotation. Specific helo type and not required in Tailrotor Driveshaft Failure pilot proficiency determine outcome a CarterCopter Emergency procedure - Enter Tailrotor gearbox Autorotation. Specific helo type and not required in Tailrotor Gearbox Failure pilot proficiency determine outcome a CarterCopter Autorotations are a very tricky maneuver even for high time experienced pilots. Many factors determine the outcome. …more on safety Safety Helicopter vs Fixed-wings: Helicopter manufacturers have long claimed safety advantages over fixed-wing aircraft. The basis of the claim is that a heli- copter can land practically anywhere since it can autorotate and doesn’t require a runway. While this is true, successfully performing an autorotation in the real world typically results in substantial damage to the aircraft, banged up occupants or worse. The general safety record of helicopters is more troubling. Minor Serious Tourism Fatalities Tourism may be Injuries Injuries one of the least 21 12 23 demanding helicopter missions, but it is not without issues. A study summarized acci- dents in Hawaii from ’90-2011. There were 25 accidents & more than 1 fatality per year. CarterCopter Safety Trumps Them All: CarterCopters have the same advantages of helicopters over fixed-wings, but with a critical exception – CarterCopters have enough rotor energy to make a normal landing after an engine failure – No other flying machine ever devised can make this claim. Unique technology with exceptional safety. …avoid areas Dead Man’s Curve Helicopter Height – Velocity Sample Diagram Must Avoid Regions Takeoff Low Speed Corridor
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