The Use of Existing Resources and Opportunities of the Rich Natural, Cultural and Historical Heritage of Uzbekistan in the Further Development of Tourism

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 1410-1416

THE USE OF EXISTING RESOURCES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE RICH NATURAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

Dilorom Bobojonova, Durdona Madaminova Doctor of historical sciences, professor. Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Uzbekistan Candidate of Political Sciences, Tashkent State Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan

Abstract In this article, the author explores the unique potential of the rich natural, cultural and historical heritage of Uzbekistan in the historical aspect of the development of one of the most important sectors of the country's economy - tourism. In addition to this, recognizing the growing development of tourism and tourism services in countries around the world, it also contributes to the development of tourism in Uzbekistan, the effective use of tourist facilities, and the increasing flow of tourists visiting our country. Keywords--- tourism, ecotourism, archeology, ethnography, visiting tourism, historical heritage, tourism potential, infrastructure, digital economy, innovation.

1. INTRODUCTION The previous years of independence have been a time of profound change for the people of Uzbekistan. Comprehensive coverage of reforms, modernization and socio-economic development, as well as how the country has changed, achieved successes and achievements, created a new economic system and production relations in line with socially oriented market economy. As a result of the historical analysis of the country's economic progress, it is possible to see what is at stake. Nowadays, in the message of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, which brings great benefit to the development and economic development of the country on a global scale, addressed to the Supreme Assembly in 2020 24 January, "as a result of the introduction of a simplified visa regime to citizens of 86 countries without visas and 57 countries, 6.7 million foreign tourists. This is 3.3 times more than in 2016. ... Turning tourism as a strategic sector of the economy will be a priority for us. One of the main tasks of the government is to increase the number of tourists to 7.5 million this year. ”[1] The Cabinet of Ministers, the Legislative Chamber of the Supreme Assembly and dozens of decrees of the President have been issued in Uzbekistan. Agreements on cooperation in the field of tourism have been signed with dozens of countries and a separate program for the development of tourism in the regions has been developed. 2. METODS One of the most important sectors in the world, which is making a significant contribution to this sphere, is tourism. The present time demands the need for further improvement of this network, effectively using the opportunities provided. Uzbekistan, historically known as a travel and travel destination, has lived and worked on the great and famous scholars of the world. The rich scientific and spiritual heritage of our ancestors has aroused great interest in the international arena. "To create more favorable conditions for the active involvement of the Republic's tourism potential, primarily investments, the introduction of innovative ideas and technologies in the sphere, as well as for the development of the country's rich natural, cultural and historical heritage on account of the comprehensive use of available resources and opportunities[2]. It is also not surprising that it was emphasized by the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev. After all, today tourism is the main source of income in all countries, which is considered one of the sectors that brings a significant income to the national economy. In recent years, the tourism industry and tourism services in the world have become more and more developed as a result. Prospects for sustainable development of tourism in the country, effective use of tourist facilities, improving the quality of services, increasing the flow of tourists visiting our country, as well as non-traditional types of tourism: ecotourism, agro tourism, archeology, ethnography, pilgrimage and others. It is noteworthy that these areas are recognized by specialists as one of the fastest growing.

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 1410-1416

In the third priority direction of the strategy of action on five priority directions of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021, called "development and liberalization of the economy", the rapid development of the tourism industry, increasing its role and share in the economy, diversification of tourist services and improving its quality, expansion of tourism infrastructure [3.] also great attention is paid to. It can be seen that in the future there are all opportunities for the rapid development of tourism in Uzbekistan. It is known that each sovereign state has its own unique nature, rich history and culture. This is history, the real creator of this culture, and the creator is rightly considered the people of this country. The latest history of Uzbekistan and the world-wide achievements we have achieved are the result of the strength and will of our brave and courageous people. The invaluable historical heritage of our ancestors – belonging to eternity, it is necessary to deeply understand that preserving this spiritual treasure for the next generation is incredibly important. Today it is time to introduce the rich heritage, which is considered as such a historical memory, to attract a lot of tourists to our country, to carry out magnificent works intensively in the form of economic development of the country. As the president stressed in this regard, "the main task is to study the monuments left from our ancient rich past and deliver them to the next generation, which is praised"... a number of influential foreign media outlets have included Uzbekistan among the recommended countries for travel in 2020. We must make productive use of such an opportunity. Intensive development of visiting and medical tourism with great potential is also necessary. There are more than 8 thousand 200 cultural heritage sites in our country and only 500 of them are included in the tourism routes"[4] it should not be forgotten that it is stained. After all, from the early days of independence, special attention was paid to the realization of our identity, the restoration of our national values and its preservation. In fact, "preserving, studying and leaving historical heritage from generation to generation is one of the most important priorities of the policy of our state" [5.29.] when it is said, it is not an exaggeration. As each nation has its own long history, the Uzbek people have a long history and rich cultural heritage. The rich history, cultural and spiritual heritage of the Uzbek people is deeply rooted in the fact that we are not the people who came into the world culture yesterday but our people have been living on this land since ancient times. One of the oldest regions in our country is the Khorezm, which is one of the centers of ancient culture, as evidenced by archeological excavations of the country. The geographical location of the Khorezm region means that it has favorable opportunities. In particular, the city of Khiva is world-famous for its ancient monuments. The celebration of the 2500 anniversary of the city of Khiva was a great historical event. From historical cultural monuments and places of pilgrimage Icherisheher Castle, Pahlavon Mahmud shrine, etc., the city is dedicated to the city. Another of the most ancient regions of our country–the geographic location of the Samarkand region has favorable opportunities, its history dates back to the distant past. Samarkand is one of the ancient centers of the world civilization and is named after the Earth's surface. This ancient city, which is located in the Great Silk Road, is considered an important link and even called the" heart of the Great Silk Road". 2007 marked the 2750th anniversary of the city of Samarkand. The presence of dozens of historical monuments in the city: Sherdor Madrasah, Tillaqori Madrasah, Bibikhanim mausoleum, Amir Temur mausoleum, Güri Amir mausoleum, Ulugbek Madrasah, Registan Square attracts foreign tourists. The geographical location of Bukhara region has favorable opportunities. In particular, Bukhara is one of the most ancient cities in the world. In 1997, the city celebrated its 2500-year anniversary on an international scale. Examples of the historical and cultural heritage of the city of Bukhara, including: the presence of the Minorai Kalon (great tower), the labi khovuz, the palace "Sitorai Moxi Xosa", the Chor Minor complex, The Ark fortress, the vobkent Tower have captivated many tourists around the world. The geographical location of the Kashkadarya region is also very convenient. The 2,700th anniversary of Shakhrisabz and Karshi has been widely celebrated internationally. The historical cultural monuments here, including: Aksaroy - architectural monument in Shakhrisabz are the pride of the Uzbek people. Looking at the geographical location of the Surxandarya region, this region is also one of the most beautiful places of Uzbekistan. Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on measures for the development of the tourism sector in the Surxandarya region"dated May 3, 2018 № 324 provides for further expansion of the ranks of foreign tourists for the implementation of new

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 1410-1416 construction in the region, promotion and promotion of historical monuments. According to the decision, the introduction of foreign investment will contribute to the further development of cities and villages of the region, further development of the economy. The Sultan Saodat complex, the jargon minaret, is one of the most beautiful places in the region. Looking at the geographic location of the capital of Uzbekistan, the beautiful city of Tashkent and its region, it is possible to witness the fact that this land has a great potential. The 2200 anniversary of the city of Tashkent was widely celebrated on a global scale. Attractions of the city, including the Amir Temur square, the Independence Square, The Theater Square, the monument of the martyrs, the monument of Courage, The Museum of Applied Art, The Museum of history, the Museum of art, the city tour to Tashkent, the Central Hall of the Academy of Arts, The Tashkent Metro, the White-Hill of Yunusabad, the Ming-o’rik Hill, the Orthodox Holy-Uspensky church, historical places are important places in the development of domestic and foreign tourism. Geographical location of Fergana and Andijan regions is very convenient from the valley cities of northern Uzbekistan. These cities are ancient and have a deep and rich history. Historical and cultural monuments of the Ahmad al-Ferghani complex, the Khudoyarkhan palace, the symbolic mausoleum of Hazrat Ali in Shakhimardan and many others testify that there are ample opportunities for tourism development in the valley as well. Special attention was paid to the restoration of the historical heritage in Uzbekistan and the formation of the spirituality of the Uzbek people through its study, upbringing of the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism.In 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan approved the program "inheritance", based on which a number of documents were prepared that ensure the responsibility of state and public organizations for the preservation, research and promotion, use of cultural heritage. In order to improve the conservation of cultural heritage and their use for tourism purposes and attract foreign investors to this work, practical work was carried out on the basis of the program "restoration of cultural heritage in Uzbekistan and its moderate development" in 1995 in cooperation with the UN office in Uzbekistan, PROON and UNESCO[6.34].in addition, a number of events have been organized in Uzbekistan in the field of preservation of cultural monuments on the basis of UNESCO's financial support, and many practical works have been done in Khorezm region. In particular, the regional conference on the development of the "Three-Year Program for the Preservation of Central Asian Cultural Monuments from Rick Brick and Decay" (Khiva, April 24-29, 2004); Scientific conference “Golden ring of ancient Khorezm” and training on “Development of cultural tourism in the Aral Sea basin” (Nukus / Buston / Khiva, June 2005). At present, as a result of special attention paid to the restoration, restoration of historical, cultural and architectural objects, attracting more foreign and local tourists, the tourism sector in our country is developing rapidly. In particular, it was determined that there are 255 cultural heritage registered in the Khorezm region and a plan for their use has been implemented now. In accordance with the decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on the program of development of the tourism sector in the Khorezm region for 2013-2015"on March 20, 2013, a large number of projects have been implemented over the past years. However, it should be noted that, despite the measures developed on the basis of a large number of decisions, experts note that tourism business in Uzbekistan does not develop as a volunteer, the income of Uzbekistan from the tourism sector is an average of 180 million US dollars a year, and also does not meet the requirements of the law "on tourism". Therefore, further improvement of the rules specified in the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on tourism", adopted in 1999, was required. At present, tourist activity is regulated by more than 30 legislative and legal acts requiring extra- legislative systematization and codification of this law, which includes a large number of reference norms," the ministry said in a statement. On the need to make changes to the law, this was stated in the decision issued by the Supreme Assembly in 2013 year, although this was not done. Observers explain the reason for the lack of development of the tourism sector in Uzbekistan by the fact that the country is closed and the law enforcement bodies are given more than necessary powers. The decree "on measures to intensify the participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the restoration of the Great Silk Road and the development of international tourism in the Republic" issued a little earlier also said about the introduction of cross-border crossing in a simplified procedure for foreign tourists. Special duty rooms for transit tourists are noted to chattering. Similar requirements can be seen in the decree issued

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 1410-1416 by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev on December 2, 2016, when there is a deadline. It was noted that foreign tourists, together with others, faced the same inconvenience at the International Airport of Uzbekistan and railway border crossing points [7]. The Coordination Council for the development of Tourism established by the decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 16 August 2017 № pp–3217 provides for the formation and implementation of a holistic concept of Tourism Development aimed at radically increasing the tourist potential of the state agency for the development of Tourism, granting tourism the status of a strategic, issues aimed at carrying out active advertising and information policy in the field of Tourism, wide promotion of historical and cultural heritage, preservation and development of the tourist reputation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, promotion of national tourist products and brands to international tourism markets were defined as the main powers and tasks[8]. On August 7, 2018, at the Legislative Chamber of the Supreme Assembly, on the invitation of associations of deputies, officials of the state agency for the development of Tourism of the Republic of Uzbekistan were invited to provide information to deputies and answer their questions in detail. It was noted at the meeting that a total of 53 events were planned in the program, of which 22 were completed, and the remaining 23 were continued to work by the relevant ministries, departments, local government bodies. It is envisaged that 8 events will be held permanently. Also, within the framework of the program, 10 normative legal acts were adopted and implemented [9.140]. Nowadays, there are special tourism zones in some regions of the country. According to the Decree of the President as of December 5, 2017, Charvak Free Tourism Zone, Boysun, Sariasiya and Sherabad Small Tourism Areas were established under the Cabinet of Ministers Resolution “On measures to develop tourism in Surkhandarya region” [10.] The State Committee for Tourism Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan organized International Tourism Exhibition "World of Leisure - 2017" and a number of presentations within the framework of promotion of national tourism products in domestic and foreign markets. Media - More than 20 meetings with representatives of BBC, CNN and Euro news. Moreover, committee officials also actively participated in major events, including forums and exhibitions in Madrid, Berlin, Moscow, Astana, Tokyo, Paris, and Izmir. More than 40 tourism organizations in the country have signed cooperation agreements with tour operators from Spain, Poland, Latvia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Turkey and Indonesia. Media representatives from 19 countries of the world (Belgium, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, China, Russia, Turkey, Japan, etc.) are planning to visit Uzbekistan. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev in the Decree of August 13, 2019 "On measures to further develop the tourism industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan" addressed the existing problems in the tourism infrastructure, improving the quality of services and active promotion of national tourism products in the world markets. Strengthening the effectiveness of tourism reforms and strengthening the number of foreign nationals entering the country "[12] outlined the main directions, such as increase. In accordance with the main directions of the concept of tourism development in Uzbekistan for 2019-2025, adopted on January 8, 2019, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to accelerate tourism development in the Republic of Uzbekistan" signed on January 8, 2019. the concept of tourism development ”[13]. The concept envisages the improvement of the normative-legal framework in the field of tourism activities, the international norms and standards for the creation of favorable conditions for the development of tourism, the development of the tourism infrastructure, the creation of an acceptable and favorable tourism environment, the development of transport Logistics, the expansion of domestic and foreign directions, the improvement of the quality, development of domestic tourism, strengthening the image of Uzbekistan as a safe place for travel and Recreation, further improvement of the personnel training system for the tourism network, etc., is expressed in the promotion of activity of the subjects of tourism activities aimed at meeting the need for tourism services within the Republic. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Since ancient times, Uzbekistan has been one of the centers of world civilization. Over the years of independence, the economic and social potential of our country has risen to an unprecedented level. The economic development of Uzbekistan is evidence of a solid macroeconomic foundation. A wide range of facilities has been created for the active and free work of foreign investors. Such privileges and opportunities increase the interest of foreign countries in Uzbekistan.

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 1410-1416

The role of the Great Silk Road in the interaction of different regions was incomparable. This path served to ensure not only trade relations between territories, but also the exchange of information between states and continents, served as an important tool in the distribution of new products and crops, the development of cultural values, and thereby created the conditions for intercivilizational communication. Today, the “one place, one road” project, which is seen as the restoration of this road, plays an important role in further expanding economic cooperation, creating favorable conditions in the trade and investment sphere, developing transport and communication infrastructure, and increasing the potential for cooperation in agriculture and tourism , education, culture. This project also provides for the effective use of the capabilities of developed countries, providing assistance to developing countries whose economies are under development. The forum was attended by the officials of many states and governments. This will allow the initiative to spread widely. “This is an idea of global importance,” said Thai Foreign Minister Don Pramudwina. “Uzbekistan’s contribution to this initiative is of great importance. Your country's prestige in the international arena is growing steadily. Leading firms and companies from many countries are investing in your country. Uzbekistan is implementing a number of promising projects in collaboration with developed countries and influential international organizations Stable developing economy of Uzbekistan, advantageous geographical position, modern transport communications, well thought out A reliable and reliable strategy for attracting investments increases the interest of entrepreneurs in many countries in cooperation.” [14] Speaking at the forum, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev also noted: “We are implementing projects in the field of transport, trade, investment, energy and high technology in our region, which is extremely rich in natural, industrial and human resources ... The importance of the forum, the aim of which is development of an action program for cooperation on opening transport and logistics routes connecting Central Asia with markets of South, Southeast Asia and Europe through China and Russia,”[15] he spoke about the issue its improvement and development. For millennium, wonderful products, natural riches, historical monuments, which were created by craftsmen of our ancestors, have attracted people from all over the world. The existence of the uneven heritage of our country, consisting of rich natural, cultural and historical monuments, shows that there are enough opportunities for the development of tourism in all places. For example, the huge tourism potential of the Samarkand region occupies an important place in the economic, social and cultural life of our country. The President of Uzbekistan expressed his opinion about the unique monuments of this country, its picturesque nature, as well as its tolerant and hospitable people, its sweet-sugar, fruit and, most importantly, favorable infrastructure. Sh. Mirziyoyev said: “In order to further develop the tourism potential of Samarkand in the coming five years it is planned to build more than 40 new hotels and expand 12 hotels in the region. As a result, the number of places in hotels reaches 7 thousand, or 1.5 times more than now.” [16.187.] The consistent continuation of work on the restoration and improvement of historical monuments, the holy shrines of Samarkand, the restoration of the famous parks built by Amir Timur in antiquity, would contribute to the development of ecological tourism. On January 15, 2018, a press conference of the State Agency for Tourism Development was held in the press room at the press service of the President of Uzbekistan. Committee chairman Aziz Abdukhakimov informed about ongoing work to increase the country's tourism potential. He noted that in 2017, 2.5 million tourists came to our country, travel services amounted to 1 billion 557 million US dollars. 128 business entities providing tour operator services were created, and today their number has reached 561.In the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand, work is underway to organize tourist zones “Ancient Bukhara” and “Samarkand”, a total of about 450 projects have been implemented, including the restoration and preservation of 50 cultural heritage sites, the construction and restoration of more than 50 hotels, the restoration of about 100 public catering facilities. Visas and registration for foreign tourists have simplified gastronomy. Single tourist visas were introduced for individual foreign tourists for a period of 30 days, and the cost of issuing visas was reduced from 60 to 40 US dollars. [17] The World Tourism Organization acknowledges that the following types of tourism are the most promising. These are: Adventure Tourism, Sea and Water Tourism and Ecotourism [18]. One of

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 1410-1416 the young and promising destinations in this type of tourism is ecotourism, which is characterized by its development and profitability; The flow of world tourism is changing from developed to developing countries. And the tourism industry of developing countries is mainly carried out at the expense of ecological tourism. In the article “Ecotourism and its prospects in Uzbekistan”, Professor A. Nigmatov emphasized that ecotourism covers 10-20% of the tourism market, while the growth rate is several times higher than the general growth rate of the tourism industry[19.24.] Opportunities for the development of pilgrimage tourism in our country are enough. For example, in Malaysia now you have to wait 42 years for your turn to go on a pilgrimage. In Indonesia, about 100 thousand people travel through Turkey in the middle of the month. Uzbekistan can serve as a transit hub for them. We have Bukhari, Moturidy pilgrims who are also sacred to the inhabitants of these two states. Based on this, the pilgrims of Malaysia and Indonesia can spend a week in Uzbekistan on their way to Mecca. For this purpose, starting from February-March, it is planned to launch a direct flight Jakarta-Samarkand-Jeddah.a Taking into account the requirements of visiting tourism, standards are being developed by committee. Since 2018 year, it has been established that 10 percent of hotels will have a book of Quran in the room, 30 percent will have signs indicating the Qibla in the room. Speaking of pilgrimage tourism, it’s wrong to think only of tourists coming from Muslim countries. Thousands of people traveling from Israel to the countries of Southeast Asia use the airports of Uzbekistan as transit. But none of them will spend their time here. To do this, they are issued short-term visas to Israelis and work is underway to ensure that they stay in Uzbekistan for at least 3 days during transit. In addition, Japan, South Korea, and China are very interested in visiting the numerous monuments associated with Buddhism in the Surkhandarya region. But we have to repair monuments and hotels there, to make it convenient for tourists.

4. CONCLUSION In order to summarize on this issue, it is desirable to emphasize the followings: • The World Tourism Organization has recognized tourism, adventure, maritime and water tourism, ecotourism and other types of tourism. One of the young and promising areas of this type of tourism is ecotourism, which is characterized by its development and profitability; • The global tourism flow varies from developed countries to developing countries. The tourism industry in developing countries is mainly driven by environmental tourism. • The event was organized by the London School of Business, the State Committee for Tourism Development and the Institute for Tourism Development. At the same time, the British experts Simon Clever and Dr. Slavomir Vroblevsky provided a number of recommendations for tourism development and further development of tourism in Uzbekistan, which was instrumental in the further development of hotel business, culinary, tourism and travel in the country; • The Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Supreme Assembly of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 24, 2020 states: "the government should establish measures to increase the number of objects on the routes that can be visited, and the development of traditional tourism within three months to 800 units. Another task is to accelerate adding new objects of Uzbekistan to the list of the World Material Cultural Heritage of UNESCO and intangible cultural heritage. In the current year, it is necessary to allocate 200 billion soms of subsidies from the state budget and the construction of new modern hotels and the accelerated development of tourism infrastructure,” [21] - stressed the importance for the development of the industry; • When Uzbekistan attracts the peoples of the world with its great history and rich past, the rational use of social and natural resources is one of the priority tasks of tourism development. Indeed, the construction of modern facilities, the improvement of holy places of pilgrimage and the greening of the environment, the creation of transport and communication systems will allow us to use them in the development of tourism at the level of world standards in the Republic.

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 1410-1416

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