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Network Interoperability Network Reliability and Interoperability Council VI Focus Group 3 Network Interoperability Final Report November 2003 NRIC VI Focus Group 3 Network Interoperability Final Report Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary...................................................................................................................3 2. Background and Scope of Focus Group 3 ................................................................................6 2.1 Structure of NRIC VI..........................................................................................................6 2.2 Scope of NRIC VI FG3 Interoperability Effort....................................................................6 2.3 FG3 Team Members .......................................................................................................11 3. VoIP Interoperability Gap Analysis ..........................................................................................13 3.1 Signaling Architectures....................................................................................................15 3.1.1 Signaling System 7 ................................................................................................15 3.1.2 Session Initiation Protocol .....................................................................................16 3.1.3 SIP to PSTN Interworking......................................................................................19 3.1.4 Bearer Independent Call Control ...........................................................................22 3.1.5 H.323 to PSTN Interworking ..................................................................................24 3.1.6 H.323 to SIP Interworking......................................................................................25 3.1.7 Signaling Transport................................................................................................26 3.1.8 Network Management Control Between Different Networks and Applications (e.g., Wireline and Wireless) .............................................................27 3.2 Call Control Architectures................................................................................................29 3.2.1 Packet Tandem Architectures................................................................................29 3.2.2 PacketCable Architectures .................................................................................30 3.3 Voice Over Wireless ........................................................................................................33 3.4 Inter-Provider Interfaces ..................................................................................................40 3.4.1 Quality of Service...................................................................................................40 3.4.2 Inter-Provider Usage Metering (Reciprocal Compensation)..................................49 3.4.3 VoIP Encoding (PCM/TDM)...................................................................................52 3.4.4 Interoperability With PSTN Station Signaling (e.g., FLASH, DTMF Digits, Point of Sale) .........................................................................................................56 3.5 Directory Services............................................................................................................58 3.5.1 Local Number Portability, North American Numbering Plan .................................58 3.5.2 ENUM/DNS............................................................................................................61 3.6 Safety and Security .........................................................................................................73 3.6.1 Support of CALEA..................................................................................................73 3.6.2 Teletype Technology (TTY/TDD)...........................................................................74 3.6.3 E911 VoIP Interoperability .....................................................................................76 3.6.4 Network Address Translation (NAT)......................................................................78 3.6.5 Firewalls.................................................................................................................79 4 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................81 5. Appendices.................................................................................................................................82 Appendix A List of Acronyms..................................................................................................83 Appendix B Network Reliability and Interoperability Council VI Charter ................................91 Appendix C FG3 Mission Statement ......................................................................................95 Appendix D Automatic Network Management Controls .........................................................96 Appendix E NRIC VI Network Interoperability Best Practices ..............................................100 Appendix F References ........................................................................................................102 2 November 2003 NRIC VI Focus Group 3 Network Interoperability Final Report Executive Summary 1. Executive Summary The telecommunications industry of the United States is undergoing a fundamental technology shift. Traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) circuit-switched networks are converging with Internet Protocol (IP) packet-switched networks. This is occurring across the spectrum of wireline to wireless media. This convergence is due to a number of factors: • The economics of providing telephony and data across a common underlying packet-switched networking infrastructure is increasingly compelling to the industry and consumers. • Consumers, service providers, network operators, original equipment manufacturers, and independent software vendors see the possibilities of new or enhanced services and features in this convergence. • The U.S. government and regulatory bodies desire to provide all users with seamless and transparent interoperability and access between and across circuit- and packet-switched networks. The Network Reliability and Interoperability Council (NRIC VI) Focus Group 3 is chartered to: “… prepare analyses and, where appropriate, make recommendations for improving interoperability among networks to achieve the objectives that are contained in Section 256 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, with particular emphasis on ensuring ‘the ability of users and information providers to seamlessly and transparently transmit and receive information between and across telecommunications networks.’” The recommendations and best practices included in this report address the interoperability of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The purpose of this report is to inventory existing and in-process standards and industry best practices against a set of basic telephony features and functions to determine: • Existing and in-work standards that address interoperability. • Gaps in standards and best practices that standards bodies or industry are recommended to address to achieve full VoIP-PSTN interoperability. • Industry best practices that have been identified. The scope of these recommendations and best practices are VoIP-to-VoIP and VoIP-to-PSTN calls between service providers. Because FG3 is addressing interoperability “between and across telecommunications networks,” these recommendations and best practices do not address interoperability or protocols within a service provider’s network, VoIP end devices, nonconsumer voice features (e.g., Centrex), or emerging transport November 2003 3 NRIC VI Focus Group 3 Network Interoperability Final Report Executive Summary technologies such as Voice over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (VoATM) or Voice over Multiprotocol Label Switching (VoMPLS) networks. To arrive at a set of recommendations, the focus group drafted an interrelationship diagram of the edge components included in service providers’ VoIP and PSTN networks (see section 2.2, figure 2). By mapping these relationships, the focus group was able to identify gaps and overlaps in standards activities and industry best practices that, through experience, members have found necessary to achieve full, seamless, and transparent access across circuit- and packet-switched networks for voice services. The intent of this report is to bring attention to issues such as these. The interoperability topics addressed within this report are • Signaling architectures. • Call control architectures. • Voice over wireless. • Inter-provider interfaces. • Directory services. • Safety and security features. Areas of Attention There are several significant challenges to interoperability. The most significant is the overlap in standards for VoIP. Two sets of standards bodies have been developing signaling protocol specifications that perform similar functions, but do not directly interoperate. Specifically, the ITU-T first developed the H.323 set of VoIP standards based largely on Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) while the IETF has developed a set of standards based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The ITU approach is network-based, while the IETF approach is end-system based. In some cases, this fundamental
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