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World Heritage Sites in India a Serpentine Course Draining the Clad Hillock Crowned with Stupas Art and Architecture in Buddhist Basin

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World Heritage Sites in India a Serpentine Course Draining the Clad Hillock Crowned with Stupas Art and Architecture in Buddhist Basin Part-V Nanda Devi peaks rising above the National Park. in the world with the picturesque Madhya Pradesh, the World The Sanchi Stupa and its column of pillars. Rishi Ganga flowing all the way in Heritage site of Sanchi is a forest- World Heritage Sites in India a serpentine course draining the clad hillock crowned with stupas art and architecture in Buddhist basin. The National Park is and structures that represent the tradition. It was from here that renowned for several species of perfection in the Buddhist art and Ashoka’s son, prince Mahendra Text & Photographs: P.K. DE the hoofed mammals like the architectural achievements. It was went to Sri Lanka for propagating Bharal, the Himalayan Tahr, the Kushana rulers who initially Buddhism. Also, a nunnery was NANDA DEVI NATIONAL PARK Joshimath 257 km from Rishikesh. Goral, Musk Deer as well as the had consecrated Sanchi to built at Sanchi for Ashoka’s queen (Designated in 1988) Together with the famous “Valley carnivores, such as the Leopard, Buddhism; thereafter emperor who had been ordained here with of Flowers”, the Nanda Devi Spread around the base of the Himalayan Black Bear and Ashoka, in the 2nd century B.C., the holy order of nuns. The glory National Park is a Biosphere Nanda Devi and several other Snow Leopards. Notable avifauna replaced the original wooden of Sanchi as the seat of Buddhist Reserve covering an area of peaks in the Garhwal Himalayas, in the Park are the Monal structures with pleasing yellow learning and pilgrimage can be 630 sq km. The entire region the Nanda Devi National Park is Pheasant, Tragopan, the sandstone rendering them into realized from its extensive remains snow bound for six distinguished in the world for Himalayan Golden Eagle and works of art with enduring complex of chaityas, stupas, months in a year. some of the rarest and unique others. The floral wealth includes permanence. Ashoka built eight temples, column of pillars, high altitude flora and fauna that Through the ages Nanda Devi has the Blue Poppy, Brahma Kamal stupas at Sanchi, all architecturally monasteries and the four it harbours. Nanda Devi (7817 mtr) been revered as the mainifestation (Saussurea Obvallata) and several perfect and embellished with magnificent gateways adorning is the second highest Himalayan of Goddess Parvati, the Consort of other species of rare alpine flowers. forms and symbols expressive of the big stupa. Master sculptors, peak in India located in the Lord Shiva, and the hill people in Buddhist teachings. The greatest silversmiths by trade, had utilized SANCHI (1988) Chamoli region of Uttaranchal. the region observe festivals and of them, the big stupa 16.5 mtr their jewellers’ art in designing The Park may be approached fairs in her adoration. The scenic About 45 kilometer to the high and 37 mtr in radius, is a and delicate carving of the through the village, Lata, near valley is a spectacular wilderness north of Bhopal, capital of marvel reflecting the synthesis of massive stone portals. They drew INDIA PERSPECTIVES MAY 2005 2 INDIA PERSPECTIVES MAY 2005 3 inspiration from the Jataka tales and depicted Buddha’s various incarnations and the great moments in their lives. Devastated by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Sanchi had been deserted and lay forgotten as an earthen mound in the forest. It was re-discovered in 1818 by John Marshall, the Director General of Archaeology, to be salvaged and conserved in the later years. HUMAYUN’S TOMB (1993) Mughal emperor Humayun, the founder of the city Dinpanah in Purana Quila, lies buried in a grand massive mausoleum on the Mathura Road in Delhi. Built in red sandstone and ornamented with black and white marble, with high arches and double dome, it is the first representative example of the Mughal architecture in India in the characteristic style of a garden-tomb, a precursor to the The Humayun Tomb in New Delhi – precursor to the Taj Mahal (left) and a latticed window in red sandstone (below). INDIA PERSPECTIVES MAY 2005 4 INDIA PERSPECTIVES MAY 2005 5 great Taj Mahal at Agra. Its construction was started in 1565, nine years after the emperor’s death by Haji (Bega) Begum, Humayun’s senior widow; the designing architect was Misak Mirza Ghiyas of Persia. In the later period several other leading Mughals had been buried within this majestic garden- tomb; of them the notables are Haji Begum and Prince Dara Shikoh, eldest son of emperor Shah Jahan. It was here that the last of the Mughals, emperor Bahadur Shah-II and his three sons had taken refuge to flee the British troops at the end of the Mutiny. While the three princes were shot dead on the spot by Lt. Hodson, Bahadur Shah had been captured and exiled to Burma. QUTAB MINAR COMPLEX (1993) Dominating the countryside, the towering Qutab Minar in south The Darjeeling Toy Train. Delhi is a noble reminder of the Afghan rule in India. Ibn Batuta, storeys are made of red sandstone, by Alauddin Khilji in 1311. Also (DHR) has no tunnel en route. a famous traveller of the medieval the last two have white marble notable within the complex is the “Ghoom” railway station in the ages, spoke of the minar as “one decorations too. A cupola had famous non-rust seven mtr high DHR is the world’s second of the Wonders of the world”. been added on top by Sultan iron pillar, raised in memory of highest, being also the first highest Qutub’d-din Aibak, founder of Feroz Shah in 1368 which, the great Gupta Emperor in the world ever to be reached the Slave Dynasty of the Afghan however, fell down in an Chandragupta Vikramaditya who by a steam locomotive. While Sultanate in India laid the earthquake in 1803. Highly ruled in the 4th Century A.D. negotiating the engineering marvel foundation of Qutab Minar in ornamental with calligraphic of the famed Batasia Loop through THE TOY TRAIN, DARJEELING 1193, possibly as a tower of carvings, the Minar has developed highly enchanting sceneries (1999) victory. The attached Quwwat-ul- a little tilt through the ages, before entering Darjeeling, the Islam mosque was built for the though it has remarkably Other than for producing world’s train offers the joy-riders a grand use of the muezzin to call the withstood the rigours of Nature finest quality tea, Darjeeling – the panorama of the Himalayan snow people for prayer. The tapering for more than eight hundred years. Queen of hill stations in north peaks including the majestic elegant 73 mtr high Minar, having According to some legend, the Bengal is best known for its Mt Kanchenjunga (8598 mtr), a base diameter of 15 mtr, and Minar was originally built by Toy Train running between Siliguri world’s third highest. To curtail ending at 2.5 mtr at the top, could Prithviraj Chauhan, the last Hindu in the plains and Darjeeling in the the ten-hour long hill journey, the only be completed by his son-in- king of Delhi for her daughter to forest -clad Himalayas. Established train has now been provided with law and successor Iltutmish after have a look at the holy river in 1881, it is the world’s first a more powerful diesel locomotive several years. The five-storeyed Yamuna in the far distance. The passenger train to be hauled up by in recent times. This unique Minar has a circular balcony at ornate tomb of Iltutmish standing a tiny steam engine in a slow Toy Train was bestowed with the each floor. While the first three nearby is profusely decorated zigzag climb uphill to an elevation World Heritage status in 1999. with fine calligraphy too. The of 2134 mtr. The 87.5 km long ◆ Qutab Minar – as seen from the The author is a noted photo journalist. Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque within Alai Darwaza, another ornate narrow gauge (0.60 mtr) section of its complex. gateway was raised in the vicinity the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway INDIA PERSPECTIVES MAY 2005 6 INDIA PERSPECTIVES MAY 2005 7 Gondal THE ROYAL GRANDEUR Text & Photographs: DILEEP PRAKASH he constant drone of the broad gauge diesel engine overtakes the cotton-dotted landscape as the train swerves into Gondal, TGujarat. This erstwhile state was one of the first to have a private railway. The Gondal State Railway has some of the most exquisite stations with a mix of British and Kathiawari architecture. The quiet station has the photo of Maharajah Bhagvatsinhji who had the vision to create a modern state some 100 years back. As the rickshaw pulls through town I am amazed at its wide tree-lined roads, plenty of gracious architecture and European wrought iron lamp posts. Tired after the long journey from Delhi cutting through Ahmedabad and Rajkot, I check into the Orchard Palace. Located in a huge complex of fruit orchards, lawns and gardens, the Orchard Palace is a wing of the Huzoor Palace (the present royal residence) where the ruling family of Gondal entertained personal guests including relatives from other princely states of Gujarat. The “Room of Miniatures” is a Swaminarayan Temple Above: Orchard Palace. as royal carriages. The fans, Right: Maharajah Bhagvatsinhji. switches and mirrors in the saloons are also similar to those splendid sitting room with a in use during that era. Viceroy collection of miniature paintings, Lord Wellington had travelled brass and antique furniture. More in this saloon to Gondal on recently a host of Bollywood the golden jubilee birthday celebs settled in while shooting celebration of Maharaja for a movie. Bhagwatsinh in 1935. The royal saloons preserved I now headed out of the pristine outside arouse the rail buff in me aroma of the Palace down to the and after a hot cuppa I’m trotting Gondali – a little river that curves behind a thick spectacled along the town.
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