Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 A Geriatric Suite of Medical Applications for Android Powered Devices Frank A. Sposaro Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES A GERIATRIC SUITE OF MEDICAL APPLICATIONS FOR ANDROID POWERED DEVICES By FRANK A. SPOSARO A Thesis submitted to the Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2012 Frank A. Sposaro defended this thesis on March 26, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Gary Tyson Professor Directing Thesis Zhenghao Zhang Committee Member Zhenhai Duan Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with the university requirements. ii To my family, one of us had to finish college. To my uncle Vince, I miss you deeply. To the many that overlooked, used, and abused me, you see me? Hi hater. Thanks for the motivation. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There is a time in everyones life when they begin their journey with absolutely no knowledge of what is in store. This is the point where the journey can end before it even begins. I would like to thank the man who introduced me to programming, the journey which has become my entire life. Mr. Joseph A. Tosh of Atlantic City High School. I would also like to thank my adviser, mentor, and friend Dr. Gary Tyson. He has let me forge my path and both create and conquer my own challenges. The experience I have gained starting The Mobile Lab @ FSU will follow me for the rest of my career. My time at FSU changed me in ways I would have never imagined. Lets go Noles. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ListofTables.......................................... viii ListofFigures ......................................... ... ix Abstract............................................. ... x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview ......................................... 1 1.2 Motivation ......................................... 1 1.2.1 Aging of the Baby Boom Generation . 1 1.2.2 Increased Life Expectancy . 1 1.2.3 Proliferating Chronic Conditions . 3 1.2.4 Incident and Cost of Chronic Disease in the US . 3 1.2.5 Sophisticated Technology Targeted at Older Adults . 4 1.3 TargetUsers ........................................ 4 1.3.1 OlderAdults .................................... 4 1.3.2 ConcernedParties ................................. 4 1.3.3 Influencers ..................................... 4 1.4 CurrentSolutions................................... 5 1.4.1 JitterBug ...................................... 5 1.4.2 LifeAlert ...................................... 5 1.4.3 LifeLink ...................................... 6 1.4.4 AreaSummary................................... 7 2 iFall: A Fall Monitoring Application 8 2.1 Overview ......................................... 8 2.2 Introduction...................................... 8 2.3 MaterialsandMethods................................. 9 2.3.1 Hardware . 9 2.3.2 Software....................................... 9 2.3.3 Fall Detection . 10 2.3.4 Application Features . 11 2.4 Challenges......................................... 11 3 iWander: An Android Application for Dementia Patients 15 3.1 Overview ......................................... 15 3.2 Introduction...................................... 15 3.3 MethodsandDesign ................................... 16 3.3.1 Software . 16 3.3.2 Wander Detection . 16 3.3.3 Alert Actions . 17 3.3.4 Automotive Travel . 19 3.4 Challenges......................................... 19 v 3.4.1 Hardware . 19 3.4.2 Patient Interaction . 20 3.4.3 Implementation . 20 4 BEAT: Bio-Enviormental Android Tracking 21 4.1 Overview ......................................... 21 4.2 Motivation . 21 4.2.1 Heart Disease . 21 4.3 CurrentSystems ................................... 22 4.3.1 Wireless Body Area Networks . 22 4.3.2 m-Health . 22 4.3.3 Fitness........................................ 22 4.4 BEATDesign........................................ 22 4.4.1 The choice of mobile operating system . 22 4.4.2 Real-time monitoring . 23 4.4.3 Emergency response . 23 4.4.4 Contextual data analyses and user interactions . 23 4.4.5 Long-term analysis . 23 4.4.6 Power management . 23 4.5 Implementation..................................... 24 4.5.1 Hardware . 24 4.5.2 Software . 24 4.6 Evaluation.......................................... 25 4.6.1 Storage . 25 4.6.2 PowerOverhead .................................. 25 5 Conclusion 27 5.1 Applications........................................ 27 5.1.1 iFall......................................... 27 5.1.2 iWander....................................... 27 5.1.3 BEAT........................................ 27 5.1.4 Alert......................................... 27 5.2 CurrentState...................................... 28 5.2.1 Human Subject Testing . 28 5.2.2 Real World Evaluation . 28 5.2.3 APIs, Extendability, and Licensing . 28 5.3 FutureWorks....................................... 29 5.3.1 Additional Accelerometer Sensors . 29 5.3.2 Activity Classification . 29 5.3.3 Daily Medical Monitoring . 29 5.3.4 Depression ..................................... 29 5.3.5 Server Data Analysis . 29 5.3.6 Vision Aid . 30 A Documents 31 A.1 Human Subjects Testing Approval . 32 A.1.1 IRBContinued ................................... 33 A.2 HumanSubjectsTestingRenewal. 34 A.3 SupportforTesting.................................. 35 A.4 TestingConsentForm ................................. 36 A.4.1 Consent Continued . 37 Bibliography .......................................... 38 vi BiographicalSketch ..................................... 43 vii LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Incident and Cost of Chronic Diseases in the US . 3 4.1 Projected number of data points for each sensor . 25 4.2 Size estimation of data from various sensors (KB) . 26 viii LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Percentage of population in United States that are over-under 65 years of age. 2 2.1 Total gravity readings of a typical fall . 10 2.2 Total gravity readings while running . 13 2.3 Total gravity readings while sitting then standing . 13 2.4 Total gravity readings when answering the phone . 14 3.1 Bayesian Network Variable Relations Affecting Wandering Probability . 18 4.1 BEATComponentOverview .............................. 26 ix ABSTRACT The rising number of senior citizens is approaching an all time high. With this comes a rising number of common chronic conditions where treatment is costly and time consuming. Frequently these conditions make it unsafe for older adults to live independently. This creates a burden on loved ones because situations arise which require assistance. Slip & falls, wandering, and daily health monitoring are the top burdens loved ones face with an aging adult. Today, however, these burdens can be minimized by using smartphone technology. Modern devices are capable of automatically recognizing, reporting, and remembering these situations. The proposed system is a collection of several applications that enable this functionality for Android powered devices. These applications focus on monitoring falls, wandering, and storing health information in the users daily life. The software achieves these tasks by gathering and analyzing data from various sensors both on and off the device. Several algorithms are applied to monitor and report dangerous events. The algorithms range from learning networks to timing based thresholds. If a dangerous event is detected it can be easily canceled by the user in order to reduce false positives. After confirmation, or lack of, the user’s loved ones are promptly notified to further assess the situation. By using Social Monitoring, false positive to costly emergency medical professionals are kept to the bare minimum. Thus eliminating the need for paid monitoring services. The system also provides an API to allow for other developers to integrate with the event analysis. Once in place, a wealth of information can be recorded and used to help identify further problems and solutions. x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview The geriatric suite is a collection of several medical related applications geared for older adults, typically 65+ years of age. Specifically targeting those who are at risk due to the chronic conditions associated with growing older. They enable users to live a safer, independent life while providing peace of mind to loved ones. All the concerned parties can rest assured knowing that they will automatically be alerted in a real emergency. The various applications are designed to minimize different risks an older adult faces, such as falling or wandering. If a problem is detected, the application will invoke a special alert sequence to notify concerned parties while reducing the rate of false positives. The suite was created to run on the Android powered devices and provide services to third party applications. 1.2 Motivation The need for a suite like this is driven by several demographic trends including: the aging of the baby boom generation, increased life expectancy, proliferating chronic conditions, and sophisticated technology targeting older adults. As time continues it is becoming more feasible to use smart phone technology in order to solve these types of problems. Several vendors offer services as a solution, however they tend to be limited and expensive. The proposed system is comparable