A Randomized Algorithm for Rank Revealing QR Factorizations and Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The 4th Montreal Scientiﬁc Computing Days April 16–17, 2007 A randomized algorithm for rank revealing QR factorizations and applications Christos Boutsidis Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy, New York 12180 USA [email protected] Abstract The basic steps of a RRQR Factorization are: (i) select columns from the input matrix A, (ii) permute them to leading positions to a new matrix Ap, (iii) compute a QR Factorization Ap = QR, (iv) reveal rank(A) from R. Since their introduction [1, 2], algorithmic trends have involved procedures for deterministically selecting columns from A [3, 4, 5]. Motivated by recent results in theoretical computer science [6, 7, 8] we present a novel algorithm for randomized column selection. Following work in [9] we illustrate our algorithm for approximation of stock market related matrices. References [1] Leslie V. Foster, Rank and null space calculations using matrix de- compositions without column interchanges, Linear Algebra Appl. 74 (1986), 47–71. [2] Tony F. Chan, Rank revealing QR factorizations, Linear Algebra Appl. 88/89 (1987), 67–82. [3] Y.P. Hong and C.T. Pan, Rank-revealing QR factorizations and the singular value decomposition, Math. Comp. 58 (1992), no. 197, 213–232. [4] S. Chandrasekaran Ilse Ipsen, On rank-revealing factorisations, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 15 (1994), no. 2, 592–622. [5] Ming Gu and Stanley C. Eisestan, Eﬃcient algorithms for computing a strong-rank revealing QR factorization, SIAM J. Sci. Com- put. 17 (1996), 848–869. [6] S. Vempala, A. Deshpande, L. Rademacher, and G. Wang, Matrix Approximation and Projective Clustering Via Volume Sampling, SODA, 2006. [7] P. Drineas, R. Kannan, and M.W. Mahoney, Fast Monte Carlo algorithms for matrices I: approximating matrix multiplication, SIAM J. Comput. 36 (2006), 184–206. [8] Petros Drineas, Michael W. Mahoney, and S. Muthukrishnan, Subspace Sampling and Relative-Error Matrix Approximation: Column-Based Methods, APPROX-RANDOM 2006, pp. 316–326. [9] Tony F. Chan and Per Christian Hansen, Some applications of the rank revealing QR factorization, SIAM J. Sci and Statist. Com- put. 13 (1992), no. 3, 727–741. 2.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

A Survey of Direct Methods for Sparse Linear Systems
A survey of direct methods for sparse linear systems Timothy A. Davis, Sivasankaran Rajamanickam, and Wissam M. Sid-Lakhdar Technical Report, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M Univ, April 2016, http://faculty.cse.tamu.edu/davis/publications.html To appear in Acta Numerica Wilkinson defined a sparse matrix as one with enough zeros that it pays to take advantage of them.1 This informal yet practical definition captures the essence of the goal of direct methods for solving sparse matrix problems. They exploit the sparsity of a matrix to solve problems economically: much faster and using far less memory than if all the entries of a matrix were stored and took part in explicit computations. These methods form the backbone of a wide range of problems in computational science. A glimpse of the breadth of applications relying on sparse solvers can be seen in the origins of matrices in published matrix benchmark collections (Duff and Reid 1979a) (Duff, Grimes and Lewis 1989a) (Davis and Hu 2011). The goal of this survey article is to impart a working knowledge of the underlying theory and practice of sparse direct methods for solving linear systems and least-squares problems, and to provide an overview of the algorithms, data structures, and software available to solve these problems, so that the reader can both understand the methods and know how best to use them. 1 Wilkinson actually defined it in the negation: \The matrix may be sparse, either with the non-zero elements concentrated ... or distributed in a less systematic manner. We shall refer to a matrix as dense if the percentage of zero elements or its distribution is such as to make it uneconomic to take advantage of their presence." (Wilkinson and Reinsch 1971), page 191, emphasis in the original.
[Show full text]
Parallel Codes for Computing the Numerical Rank '
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS ELSEIVIER Linear Algebra and its Applications 275~ 276 (1998) 451 470 Parallel codes for computing the numerical rank ’ Gregorio Quintana-Orti ***, Enrique S. Quintana-Orti ’ Abstract In this paper we present an experimental comparison of several numerical tools for computing the numerical rank of dense matrices. The study includes the well-known SVD. the URV decomposition, and several rank-revealing QR factorizations: the QR factorization with column pivoting, and two QR factorizations with restricted column pivoting. Two different parallel programming methodologies are analyzed in our paper. First, we present block-partitioned algorithms for the URV decomposition and rank-re- vealing QR factorizations which provide efficient implementations on shared memory environments. Furthermore, we also present parallel distributed algorithms, based on the message-passing paradigm, for computing rank-revealing QR factorizations on mul- ticomputers. 0 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Consider the matrix A E KY’“” (w.1.o.g. m 3 n), and define its rank as 1’ := rank(il) = dim(range(A)). The rank of a matrix is related to its singular values a(A) = {crt, 02,. , o,,}, p = min(m, H), since *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. ’ All authors were partially supported by the Spanish CICYT project TIC 96-1062~CO3-03. ’ This work was partially carried out while the author was visiting the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory. ’ E-mail: [email protected].
[Show full text]
Efficient Scalable Algorithms for Hierarchically Semiseparable Matrices
EFFICIENT SCALABLE ALGORITHMS FOR HIERARCHICALLY SEMISEPARABLE MATRICES SHEN WANG¤, XIAOYE S. LIy , JIANLIN XIAz , YINGCHONG SITUx , AND MAARTEN V. DE HOOP{ Abstract. Hierarchically semiseparable (HSS) matrix structures are very useful in the develop- ment of fast direct solvers for both dense and sparse linear systems. For example, they can built into parallel sparse solvers for Helmholtz equations arising from frequency domain wave equation mod- eling prevailing in the oil and gas industry. Here, we study HSS techniques in large-scale scienti¯c computing by considering the scalability of HSS structures and by developing massively parallel HSS algorithms. These algorithms include parallel rank-revealing QR factorizations, HSS constructions with hierarchical compression, ULV HSS factorizations, and HSS solutions. BLACS and ScaLAPACK are used as our portable libraries. We construct contexts (sub-communicators) on each node of the HSS tree and exploit the governing 2D-block-cyclic data distribution scheme widely used in ScaLAPACK. Some tree techniques for symmetric positive de¯nite HSS matrices are generalized to nonsymmetric problems in parallel. These parallel HSS methods are very useful for sparse solutions when they are used as kernels for intermediate dense matrices. Numerical examples (including 3D ones) con¯rm the performance of our implementations, and demonstrate the potential of structured methods in parallel computing, especially parallel direction solutions of large linear systems. Related techniques are also useful for the parallelization of other rank structured methods. Key words. HSS matrix, parallel HSS algorithm, low-rank property, compression, HSS con- struction, direct solver AMS subject classi¯cations. 15A23, 65F05, 65F30, 65F50 1. Introduction. In recent years, rank structured matrices have attracted much attention and have been widely used in the fast solutions of various partial di®erential equations, integral equations, and eigenvalue problems.
[Show full text]
A Parallel Butterfly Algorithm
A Parallel Butterfly Algorithm The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Poulson, Jack, Laurent Demanet, Nicholas Maxwell, and Lexing Ying. “A Parallel Butterfly Algorithm.” SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 36, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): C49–C65.© 2014, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/130921544 Publisher Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88176 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. SIAM J. SCI. COMPUT. c 2014 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. C49–C65 ∗ A PARALLEL BUTTERFLY ALGORITHM JACK POULSON†, LAURENT DEMANET‡, NICHOLAS MAXWELL§, AND ¶ LEXING YING Abstract. The butterﬂy algorithm is a fast algorithm which approximately evaluates a dis- crete analogue of the integral transform Rd K(x, y)g(y)dy at large numbers of target points when the kernel, K(x, y), is approximately low-rank when restricted to subdomains satisfying a certain d simple geometric condition. In d dimensions with O(N ) quasi-uniformly distributed source and target points, when each appropriate submatrix of K is approximately rank-r, the running time 2 d of the algorithm is at most O(r N log N). A parallelization of the butterﬂy algorithm is intro- duced which, assuming a message latency of α and per-process inverse bandwidth of β, executes 2 Nd Nd in at most O(r p log N +(βr p + α)logp)timeusingp processes.
[Show full text]
Solving Linear Systems Arising from Reservoirs Modeling Hussam Al Daas
Solving linear systems arising from reservoirs modeling Hussam Al Daas To cite this version: Hussam Al Daas. Solving linear systems arising from reservoirs modeling. Mathematics [math]. Inria Paris; Sorbonne Université, UPMC University of Paris 6, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, 2018. English. tel-01984047v1 HAL Id: tel-01984047 https://hal.inria.fr/tel-01984047v1 Submitted on 16 Jan 2019 (v1), last revised 11 Jun 2020 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Sorbonne Université Inria Doctoral School École Doctorale Sciences Mathématiques de Paris Centre University Department Inria Thesis defended by Hussam Al Daas Defended on 13th December, 2018 In order to become Doctor from Sorbonne Université Academic Field Applied Mathematics Speciality Numerical Linear Algebra Solving linear systems arising from reservoirs modelling Thesis supervised by Laura Grigori Supervisor Pascal Hénon Co-Supervisor Committee members Referees Serge Gratton Professor at INP ENSEEIHT Julien Langou Professor at UC Denver Examiners Frédéric Nataf Senior Researcher
[Show full text]
Dense Matrix Computations : Communication Cost and Numerical Stability
No d’ordre : No attribué par la bibliothèque : -UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD - Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique - UMR 427 - LRI THÈSE en vue d’obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université Paris-Sud Spécialité : Informatique au titre de l’École Doctorale Informatique Paris-Sud présentée et soutenue publiquement le 11 Février 2013 par Amal KHABOU Dense matrix computations : communication cost and numerical stability. Directeur de thèse : Docteur Laura GRIGORI Après avis de : Professeur Nicholas J. HIGHAM Rapporteur Professeur Yves ROBERT Rapporteur Devant la commission d’examen formée de : Professeur Iain DUFF Examinateur Professeur Yannis MANOUSSAKIS Examinateur Enseignant-chercheur Jean-Louis ROCH Examinateur ii Abstract: This dissertation focuses on a widely used linear algebra kernel to solve linear systems, that is the LU decomposition. Usually, to perform such a computation one uses the Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting (GEPP). The backward stability of GEPP depends on a quantity which is referred to as the growth factor, it is known that in general GEPP leads to modest element growth in practice. However its parallel version does not attain the communication lower bounds. Indeed the panel factorization rep- resents a bottleneck in terms of communication. To overcome this communication bottleneck, Grigori et al [60] have developed a communication avoiding LU factorization (CALU), which is asymptotically optimal in terms of communication cost at the cost of some redundant computation. In theory, the upper bound of the growth factor is larger than that of Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting, however CALU is stable in practice. To improve the upper bound of the growth factor, we study a new pivoting strategy based on strong rank revealing QR factorization.
[Show full text]
Rank Revealing Factorizations and Low Rank Approximations
Rank revealing factorizations, and low rank approximations L. Grigori Inria Paris, UPMC January 2018 Plan Low rank matrix approximation Rank revealing QR factorization LU CRTP: Truncated LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting Experimental results, LU CRTP Randomized algorithms for low rank approximation 2 of 70 Plan Low rank matrix approximation Rank revealing QR factorization LU CRTP: Truncated LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting Experimental results, LU CRTP Randomized algorithms for low rank approximation 3 of 70 Low rank matrix approximation T Problem: given m × n matrix A, compute rank-k approximation ZW , where Z is m × k and W T is k × n. Problem with diverse applications from scientiﬁc computing: fast solvers for integral equations, H-matrices to data analytics: principal component analysis, image processing, ... Ax ! ZW T x Flops 2mn ! 2(m + n)k 4 of 70 Singular value decomposition Given A 2 Rm×n, m ≥ n its singular value decomposition is 0 1 Σ1 0 T T A = UΣV = U1 U2 U3 · @ 0 Σ2A · V1 V2 0 0 where U is m × m orthogonal matrix, the left singular vectors of A , U1 is m × k, U2 is m × n − k, U3 is m × m − n Σ is m × n, its diagonal is formed by σ1(A) ≥ ::: ≥ σn(A) ≥ 0 Σ1 is k × k,Σ2 is n − k × n − k V is n × n orthogonal matrix, the right singular vectors of A, V1 is n × k, V2 is n × n − k 5 of 70 Norms v u m n q uX X 2 2 2 jjAjjF = t jaij j = σ1(A) + : : : σn(A) i=1 j=1 jjAjj2 = σmax (A) = σ1(A) Some properties: p jjAjj2 ≤ jjAjjF ≤ min(m; n)jjAjj2 Orthogonal Invariance: If Q 2 Rm×m
[Show full text]
50 LA15 Abstracts
50 LA15 Abstracts IP1 least-squares regression and principal component analy- Fast Approximation of the Stability Radius and the sis) are widely and routinely used. Devising scalable al- H∞ Norm for Large-Scale Linear Dynamical Sys- gorithms that enable large scale computation of the afore- tems mentioned primitives is crucial for meeting the challenges of Big Data applications. Sketching, which reduces dimen- The stability radius and the H∞ norm are well-known sionality through randomization, has recently emerged as quantities in the robust analysis of linear dynamical sys- a powerful technique for scaling-up these primitives in the tems with output feedback. These two quantities, which presence of massive data, for an extensive class of applica- are reciprocals of each other in the simplest interesting tions. In this talk, we outline how sketching can be used to case, respectively measure how much system uncertainty accelerate these core computations, and elaborate on the can be tolerated without losing stability, and how much tradeoffs involved in their use. We will also demonstrate an input disturbance may be magnified in the output. the utility of the presented algorithms for data analysis and The standard method for computing them, the Boyd- machine learning applications Balakrishnan-Bruinsma-Steinbuch algorithm from 1990, is globally and quadratically convergent, but its cubic cost Haim Avron per iteration makes it inapplicable to large-scale dynami- Business Analytics & Mathematical Sciences cal systems. We present a new class of efficient methods IBM T.J. Watson Research Center for approximating the stability radius and the H∞ norm, [email protected] based on iterative methods to find rightmost points of spec- tral value sets, which are generalizations of pseudospectra IP4 for modeling the linear fractional matrix transformations that arise naturally in analyzing output feedback.
[Show full text]
Cranfield University 2006
CRANFIELDUNIVERSITY DulceneiaBecker Parallel Unstructured Solvers for Linear Partial Differential Equations School of Engineering Applied Mathematicsand ComputingGroup PhD Thesis CRANFIELDUNIVERSITY School of Engineering,Department of Processand SystemsEngineering Applied Mathematicsand ComputingGroup PhD Thesis AcademicYear 2005 - 2006 Dulceneia Becker Parallel Unstructured Solversfor Linear Partial Differential Equations ProfessorC. P. Thompson Supervisor May 2006 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requiremetnsfor the degree of Doctor of Philosophy be © Cranfield University 2006. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may reproducedwithout the written permissionof the copyright holder. .1 ALL MISSING PAGES ARE BLANK IN ORIGINAL To my parents, Nelson and Marlise, to whom I owe so much. Abstract This thesis presentsthe developmentof a parallel algorithm to solve symmet- ric systems of linear equations and the computational implementation of a par- allel partial differential equations solver for unstructured meshes. The proposed distributive method, called conjugate gradient - DCG, is based on a single-level domain decomposition method and the conjugate gradient method to obtain a highly scalable parallel algorithm. An overview on methods for the discretization of domains and partial differ- ential equations is given. The partition and refinement of meshesis discussedand the formulation of the weighted residual method for two- and three-dimensions presented. Some of the methods to solve systems of linear equations are intro- duced, highlighting the conjugate gradient method and domain decomposition methods. A parallel unstructured PDE solver is proposed and its actual imple- mentation presented. Emphasis is given to the data partition adopted and the schemeused for communication among adjacent subdomainsis explained. A series of experiments in processorscalability is also reported.
[Show full text]
Low Rank Approximation of a Sparse Matrix Based on LU Factorization with Column and Row Tournament Pivoting
H2020-FETHPC-2014: GA 671633 NLAFET Working Note 3 Low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting Laura Grigori, Sebastien Cayrols, and James W. Demmel May, 2016 NLAFET Working Note Document information This preprint report is also published as INRIA Research Report 8910, Project Team Alpines, France. Acknowledgements This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement number 671633. http://www.nlafet.eu/ 2/2 Low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting Laura Grigori∗, Sebastien Cayrolsy, James W. Demmelz Project-Team Alpines Research Report n° 8910 — May 2016 — 35 pages Abstract: In this paper we present an algorithm for computing a low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on a truncated LU factorization with column and row permutations. We present various approaches for determining the column and row permutations that show a trade-oﬀ between speed versus deterministic/probabilistic accuracy. We show that if the permutations are chosen by using tournament pivoting based on QR factorization, then the obtained truncated LU factorization with column/row tournament pivoting, LU_CRTP, satisﬁes bounds on the singular values which have similarities with the ones obtained by a communication avoiding rank revealing QR factorization. Experiments on challenging matrices show that LU_CRTP provides a good low rank approximation of the input matrix and it is less expensive than the rank revealing QR factorization in terms of computational and memory usage costs, while also minimizing the commu- nication cost.
[Show full text]
Parallel Implementations for Solving Matrix Factorization Problems with Optimization
PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR SOLVING MATRIX FACTORIZATION PROBLEMS WITH OPTIMIZATION by AMIR EMAMI GOHARI Submitted to the Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Sabancı University Summer 2016 ©Amir Gohari 2016 All Rights Reserved to my family Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis advisers, whose expertise, understanding and guidance added a lot to my graduate experience. I am very grateful to Prof. S¸. Ilker_ Birbil for his confidence in me and his encouraging supervision, which relieves me even under most stressful conditions. I owe my sincere thanks to Assist. Prof. Kamer Kaya for his continuous understanding and endless support throughout the course of preparing my thesis. Words are not enough to express my thankfulness to my dearest friends Ashkan Eshghi, Kazem Afghah, Farid Irani, Atabak Maherkia, Hooman Hidaji and Tohid Teimourzadeh. Their presence has given me happiness and strength, and I wish to feel their love and support forever. And finally, I doubt that I will ever be able to convey my appreciation fully, but I must mention my eternal gratitude to my beloved family. Without them supporting and trusting me by all means, and their never-ending love, not only this thesis, but I myself would not be where I am, at all. PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR SOLVING MATRIX FACTORIZATION PROBLEMS WITH OPTIMIZATION Amir Emami Gohari Industrial Engineering, Master of Science Thesis, 2016 Thesis Supervisors: Prof. Dr. S¸. Ilker_ Birbil Assist. Prof. Dr. Kamer Kaya Keywords: matrix factorization, parallel programming, MovieLens, nonlinear optimization.
[Show full text]
Low Rank Approximation of a Sparse Matrix Based on LU Factorization with Column and Row Tournament Pivoting Laura Grigori, Sébastien Cayrols, James W
Low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting Laura Grigori, Sébastien Cayrols, James W. Demmel To cite this version: Laura Grigori, Sébastien Cayrols, James W. Demmel. Low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting. [Research Report] RR-8910, inria. 2016, pp.35. hal-01313856 HAL Id: hal-01313856 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01313856 Submitted on 10 May 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting Laura Grigori, Sebastien Cayrols, James W. Demmel RESEARCH REPORT N° 8910 May 2016 Project-Team Alpines ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--8910--FR+ENG Low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on LU factorization with column and row tournament pivoting Laura Grigori∗, Sebastien Cayrolsy, James W. Demmelz Project-Team Alpines Research Report n° 8910 — May 2016 — 35 pages Abstract: In this paper we present an algorithm for computing a low rank approximation of a sparse matrix based on a truncated LU factorization with column and row permutations.
[Show full text]