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A Fisheries Management Plan for the Forth Catchment – Review of Actions, Reprioritisation and Update for 2015-2020

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River Forth Fisheries Trust

A Fisheries Management Plan for the Forth Catchment – review of actions, reprioritisation and update for 2015-2020.

December, 2014 Tommy McDermott

River Forth Fisheries Trust

Suite 1F40 2 Commercial Street Edinburgh

Email: [email protected]

Tel: 07592 511395

Website: www.fishforth.co.uk/rfft

EH6 6JA

River Forth Fisheries Trust

Contents

Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................1
1.1. The River Forth Fisheries Trust .........................................................................................................................1
1.2. The Forth District Salmon Fishery Board ..............................................................................................................1
1.3. The Forth Fishery ..............................................................................................................................................2 1.4. The Forth District Salmon Fishery Board catchments.......................................................................................2 1.5. The 2009 Fishery Management Plan ................................................................................................................2 1.6. 2015 Aims and objectives .................................................................................................................................3
2. Completed and ongoing work...................................................................................................................................5
2.1. Monitoring of fish stocks ..................................................................................................................................5 2.2. Forth invasive and Non-native species programme .........................................................................................6 2.3. Project identification, scoping, and funding .....................................................................................................7 2.4. Other activities..................................................................................................................................................8
3. Reprioritisation and update of 2009 recommendations ..........................................................................................9
3.1. Angling and exploitation ...................................................................................................................................9 3.2. Point source pollution.....................................................................................................................................11 3.3. Diffuse water pollution ...................................................................................................................................12 3.4. Abstraction and water resource management...............................................................................................14 3.5. Morphological alteration ................................................................................................................................15 3.6. Land and riparian zone use.............................................................................................................................19 3.7. Development...................................................................................................................................................21 3.8. Stocking and Aquaculture ...............................................................................................................................22 3.9. Invasive non-native species ............................................................................................................................26 3.10. 3.11.
Climate change............................................................................................................................................28 Transitional, coastal and marine.................................................................................................................29
4. Future Considerations.............................................................................................................................................31
4.1. Project delivery, management and the role of the Trust ...............................................................................31 4.2. Research and data management ....................................................................................................................32
5. Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................33

ii

River Forth Fisheries Trust

Glossary of Terms and Acronyms (in order of occurrence)

  • RFFT
  • River Forth Fisheries Trust

ASFB FDFSB Salmonid CMU
Association of Salmon Fishery Boards Forth District Salmon and Fishery Board Here – Atlantic salmon and brown trout Catchment Management Unit

  • FMP
  • Fishery Management Plan

  • WFD
  • Water Framework Directive

  • RBMP
  • River Basin Management Plan

Morphology Riparian FINNS
The physical characteristic of rivers Land adjacent to channels, usually 50m Forth Invasive Non-Native Species Programme

  • Invasive Non-Native Species
  • INNS

SEPA SNH
Scottish Environment Protection Agency Scottish Natural Heritage
Hydromorphology RAFTS WEF
The interaction between river flows and channel form Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland Water Environment Fund

  • Connectivity
  • The linkage between river reaches, between the river and the river bed, and the

floodplain
P.A. PSP
Potential action Point source pollution
DWP HEP
Diffuse Water pollution Hydro Electric Power
PHABSIM, MesoHABSIM, Methodologies which aim to link flows and salmonid distribution, abundances, and

  • RHAPSA, FHAT
  • habitat quality. Can be used to estimate habitat loss due to water management

regimes.

  • Precautionary Principle
  • This states that, where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full

scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation
Geomorphology Ecomorphology NFM
The effect of the catchment geology on the river form The effect that hydro- and geomorphology has on river biota. Natural Flood Management

  • Process restoration
  • A sustainable river restoration philosophy which aims to restore the rivers ability to

create, retain and manage habitats, rather than man made attempts to directly create habitats.

  • EIA
  • Environmental Impact Assessment

  • ES
  • Environmental (or Ecological) Statement

  • MMS
  • Marine Scotland Science

iii

River Forth Fisheries Trust

Executive Summary

The River Forth Fisheries management Plan from 2009 outlined a series of approaches to direct and best support the management of fish stocks in rivers which discharge into the Forth of Forth and Forth Estuary. This document was aligned with the first WFD RBMP cycle. The terms of both those plans has now come to an end, and this new Fishery Management plan (which will encompass the period 2009 – 2015) has been created to establish the success of the actions proposed in 2009, remove those which are no longer relevant or do not reflect the current scientific evidence base for salmonid management, and issue a new set of priorities.

The Forth fishery can be thought of as a “data poor” fishery with very little empirical and robust evidence to support

the development of a baseline upon which management principles can be founded. In addition, the fishery is subject to wide and significant range of pressures which impact the quality of available habitat in the catchments within the district. These impacts place negative pressures on the both the quality of the fishery and the overall ecological quality of the rivers. To improve the fishery, it will be necessary to support the overall ecological character. Therefore this document commits the River Forth Fisheries Trust to evidence and catchment based programme of measures to deliver the optimum level of habitats to boost and sustain salmonid (and all native) fish populations.

A first step in developing fishery management in the District will be gather robust data on the state of the populations, which does not rely on catch records as the only long term dataset and initially relies on juvenile surveys. It will be necessary over the coming years to implement sound sampling strategies based upon repeatable and repeated survey methodologies, as part of an overall monitoring strategy. To support the biological evidence base, surveys of physical habitat and in-channel, riparian and landscape pressures will be required to determine atrisk areas which demonstrate both declines in physical character and biological communities. Subject to adequate funding, measures will be put in place to restore these areas consistent with the natural state of the channels, utilising the process restoration philosophy and land management and fishery management best practice.

To mitigate future pressures, the Trust will endeavour to become a reference location for new planning applications in both the urban and rural environments. This will be done by initiating dialogue with developers, with the ultimate aim that these companies initiate contact prior to planning application submissions. A realistic and sensitive pattern of communication should be enabled, aiming to reach consensus rather than dictate the Trust and Boards preferred approach. These dialogues could be facilitated within a District wide working group including agencies, regulators and key stakeholders to ensure a consistent and common approach to management across these bodies.

Successful work carried out in the period 2009 to 2014 will need to be consolidated and continued where appropriate. This is particularly relevant to the FINNS project, which should be advanced and expanded to ensure future management of invasive non-native species. Another area of significant success for the Trust, stakeholder engagement and dialogue, should continue and be expanded to cover areas where Trust engagement is not yet consolidated.

Finally, the Trust and Board should build on nascent education and research links to facilitate the development of the Trust as a centre of research. This will be founded upon engagement with local universities and ultimately aims to deliver significant applied research that is relevant to salmonid fishery and freshwater ecology fields at both the District and national level

iv

River Forth Fisheries Trust

1. Introduction

1.1. The River Forth Fisheries Trust

The River Forth Fisheries Trust (RFFT or the Trust) was established in 2009 to advance, for public benefit, the environmental protection and improvement of all rivers which enter the Forth Estuary and the Firth of Forth by conserving, maintaining and restoring freshwater habitats and the native species of freshwater fish which utilise those habitats. In addition, the Trust serves to advance the public awareness of the River Forth District by:

▪▪▪

Providing an impartial ecosystem science based approach to river catchment management in the Forth District; Gathering, maintaining and managing relevant information, and using this to provide advice and guidance on relevant ecological and conservation matters; Developing awareness of the freshwater environment by engaging with local communities, river users, riparian owners and regulatory agencies;

▪▪

Providing training and educational programmes aligned with the Trust’s delivery plans; and

Delivering scientifically robust, deliverable and sustainable solutions to mitigate the many issues faced by the rivers draining into the Forth Estuary.

Although the fourth largest trust in Scotland (in terms of area), the Trust receives one of the smallest funding budgets for core fisheries management. Therefore prioritisation of tasks is key, both to ensure general strategic aims are met and to allow the retention of core skills and staff.

1.2. The Forth District Salmon Fishery Board

The fundamental administrative management unit of salmon fisheries in Scotland is the District Salmon Fishery Board, with an individual board for each district. These 41 boards are under the umbrella of the Association of Salmon Fishery Boards (ASFB).

The River Forth District Salmon Fishery Board (FDSFB or the Board) was established under relevant legislation during the mid-1800s and as amended by the Salmon Act 1986 and the Salmon Conservation (Scotland) Act 2001. All legislation was finally amalgamated under the single Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 2003 and 2013. With each successive piece of legislation, the composition of the board has adapted to include an increasing range of stakeholders.

The Board is responsible for more than 4,400 km2of river catchment area within the District, encompassing all rivers which flow into the Forth Estuary and the Firth of Forth and adjacent coastline and it is empowered to take such actions as it considers necessary for the protection, enhancement and conservation of stocks of Atlantic salmon and sea trout. Although the Board has been in existence for over 150 years, the nature and methodology of salmonid

River Forth Fisheries Trust

Suite 1F40 2 Commercial Street Edinburgh

Email: [email protected]

Tel: 07592 511395

Website: www.fishforth.co.uk/rfft

EH6 6JA

River Forth Fisheries Trust

fishery management has adapted to reflect changes in the scientific understanding of the nature of salmonid population dynamics, the pressures which affect those dynamics, and the evolving comprehensions of the most effective management tools. As a response to these developments, the Board part funds the RFFT and both organisations are intrinsically linked, working closely to ensure joint aims and objectives are met.

1.3. The Forth Fishery

Despite its size and location in a relatively affluent area of the country, the River Forth Fishery should be considered a data poor fishery. Information on stock composition, stock structure, multi-annual trends and population health is still relatively sparse and the only long term datasets available are catch records, which are firstly compromised by the fact they are not available by river. Additionally, catch records in a closed system such as rivers are often dependent on factors; like number of angling days, weather, flows and fishery perception and fishery type; which all have varying degrees of influence on the actual number of available fish. Therefore management on the Forth Fishery is potentially carried out against a backdrop of insufficient data and this plan will focus on developing robust data that will eventually facilitate the implementation of data-rich stock-recruitment models to assist the determination of appropriate levels of exploitation. It is this type of fishery management that the Trust and Board is aiming for, a proactive not reactive system which places the resource first and aims for a long term, viable, and selfsustaining fishery.

1.4. The Forth District Salmon Fishery Board catchments

The Board and RFFT hold responsibility for all rivers which drain into the Forth Estuary and the Firth of Forth. For

administration purposes, these rivers are categorised as District “Catchments” or Catchment Management Units

(CMUs) which often, but not always, correspond to complete river catchments. The Forth District CMUs are

presented below in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1. Forth District Catchment Management Units

  • CMU
  • CMU type

Biel Water Tyne (North and South) Esk Water of Leith Leven Almond Avon Carron
Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Complete Catchment

  • Subcatchment
  • Forth

  • Teith
  • Subcatchment

Allan Devon Black Devon Coastal
Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Complete Catchment Grouped

1.5. The 2009 Fishery Management Plan

To assist in management of the District fishery, a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) was drawn up in 2009. This

document can be accessed here: “A Fisheries Management Plan for the Forth Catchment and should be reviewed

prior to proceeding with this report. The timing of the 2009 FMP was aligned with the first cycle of the Water
2

River Forth Fisheries Trust

Framework Directive (WFD) River Basin Management Plan (RBMP), an overarching review of the aquatic environment in Europe.

The overall objective of the 2009 FMP was to establish a baseline understanding of the type, quantity and quality of data available for the catchment and identify knowledge gaps caused by a complete absence of data or insufficient data quality (i.e. age, spatial distribution or methodological considerations). Subsequently, this data assessment permitted the identification and costing of subsequent management.

The aims of this document were to:

I.

Bring together a summary of the current state of fisheries-related knowledge of the District in a contained, readable and easily digestible form;

II.

Form an action plan for the conservation and restoration of fish stocks in the Forth catchment and to outline research, monitoring and educational objectives, in order to inform and underpin the activities of both the FDSFB and RFFT;

III. IV.

Interlock the work of the FDSFB with that of the newly formed RFFT, through the production of this joint FMP, in order to deliver a cohesive and integrated approach to fisheries management in the District; and Deliver a focal point for the co-ordination of all fish conservation or fisheries-related work in the District,

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  • Delivering for Loch Lomond & the Trossachs

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    Delivering for Loch Lomond & The Trossachs, Stirling & Forth Valley How we’re working to grow the visitor economy DELIVERING FOR LOCH LOMOND & THE TROSSACHS, STIRLING & FORTH VALLEY Introduction The strong partnerships we maintain the Bo’ness Speed Hillclimb & Motoring with public sector organisations and Heritage Weekend as well as The Rock of industry are essential to economic Ages at Dumbarton Castle. success across Loch Lomond & The Trossachs, Stirling & Forth Valley. We continue to invest in tourism Tourism across the region supports marketing development with Growth 11,800 jobs and generates £160 million Fund awards made to Destination for the local economy*. Stirling, Love Loch Lomond (as part of a partnership with Glasgow City Marketing We work very closely with five major Bureau and ScotRail) and recently, public sector partners on strategic Discover Clackmannanshire. activity, marketing, skills and the visitor experience. Loch Lomond & The Trossachs The region continues to go from National Park and Clackmannanshire, strength to strength with success in the Falkirk, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire form of the City Deal for Stirling and Councils all work with us to develop the Clackmannanshire that will see capital visitor economy and encourage inclusive projects delivered that will have a major economic growth. impact on the visitor economy. Events and festivals continue to draw Business and event organisers have visitors and EventScotland, part of our taken advantage of the Year of Innovation, Events Directorate, has contributed over Architecture and Design as well as having £132,000 in funding to events across the an excellent presence in our Spirit of area including Balmaha’s Braw Weekend, Scotland marketing campaign.