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New Zealand Rulers and Statesmen from 1840 To NEWZfiALAND UUUflflUUUW w RULERS AND STATESMEN I i iiiiliiiiiiiiii 'Hi"' ! Ml! hill i! I m'/sivrr^rs''^^'^ V}7^: *'- - ^ v., '.i^i-:f /6 KDWARD CIRHON WAKEKIELI). NEW ZEALAND RULERS AND STATESMEN Fro}n 1840 to 1897 WILLIAM GISBORNE FOK.MFRLV A IMEMREK OF THE HOUSE OK KE FRESENTATIVES, AND A RESPONSIIiLE MINISTER, IN NEW ZEALAND WITH NUMEROUS PORTRAITS REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION P. C. D. LUCKIE LONDON SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANY Liviitcd Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, B.C. 1897 — mi CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Introductory—Natives— First colonization—Governor Hobson Chief Justice Sir William Martin —-Attorney-General Swain- son—Bishop Selwyn—Colonel Wakefield—-New Zealand Company—Captain Wakefield — Wairau massacre— Raupa- raha—Acting-Governor Shortland—Governor Fitzroy . CHAPTER II. Governor Sir George Grey, K.C.B.—Lieutenant-Governor Eyre —New Constitution— Progress of Colonization— Recall of Governor Sir George Grey ....... 33 CHAPTER III. Representative institutions — Acting-Governor Wynyard—Mr. Edward Gibbon Wakefield—Mr. James Edward FitzGerald Dr. Featherston—Mr. Henry Sewell—Sir Frederick Whitaker —Sir Francis Bell— First Parliament—Responsible govern- ment—Native policy—Sir Edward Stafford—Mr. William Richmond—Mr. James Richmond—Sir Harry Atkinson Richmond-Atkinson family .... • • • 57 CHAPTER IV. Sir William Fox— Sir W'illiam Fitzherbert—Mr. Alfred Domett —Sir John Hall ......... 102 —— vi Contents CHAPTER V. I'AGE Session of 1856— Stafford Ministry— Provincial Question— Native Government—Land League—King Movement—Wi Tami- hana— Sir Donald McLean— Mr. F. D. Fenton —Session of 1858—Taranaki Native Question—Waitara War—Fox Ministry—Mr. Reader Wood—Mr. Walter Mantell— Respon- sible Government— Return of Sir George Grey as Governor —Domett Ministry—Whitaker-Fox Ministry . 125 CHAPTER VL Sir Frederick Weld— Major Sir John Richardson —Major Atkin- son—Weld Government—Discord between Governor and General-in-Command — Colony calumniated — Mr. James Richmond— Stafford Ministries, 1865 and 1866— Colonel Sir George Whitmore—Governor Sir George Bowen—Sir Julius Vogel—Mr. J. D. Ormond—Dr. Pollen—Mr. G. M. Water- house—Governor Marquis of Normanby—Vogel Ministry Mr. J. Macandrew—Sir Robert Stout — Mr. Wm. Rolleston —Governor Sir Arthur Gordon—Governor Sir W. Jervois — Sir G. M. O'Rorke —House of Representatives—Legis- lative Council . -173 CHAPTER VH. Labour Movement— Socialism —New Zealand Legislation and Administration—Finance—Land— Constitutional Reform Labour—Law Reform ....... 236 CHAPTER VHL Mr. John Ballance—lion. R. J. Seddon— Hon. W. P. Reeves- R. Mr. John McKenzie—Mr. J. G. Ward—Captain W. Russell—Mr. George Hutchison—Mr. Scobie Mackenzie Sir James Hector—Captain Edvvin, R.N.—Captain Fairchild —Conclusion . • • -277 Appendix A 3^2 Appendix B 3^4 Index 3i7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Edward Gibbon Wakefield ...... Fj ontispiece Te Wheoro (Member of the N.Z. House of Representatives) 7 Bishop G. A. Selvvyn. Sir William Martin Bishop G. A. Selwyn . 13 Native Chief. Major Ropata 31 Sir George Grey . 35 Mr. James Edward FitzGerald 65 Dr. Featherston . 67 Mr. Henry Sewell 69 Sir Frederick Whitaker, K.C.M.G 73 vSir Thomas Gore Browne . 85 Sir Edward William Stafford, G.C.M.G 87 Mr. C. W. Richmond .... 93 Mr. James Richmond and Grandcliiid 97 Sir Harry Atkinson, K.C.M.G. 99 Sir William Fox, K.C.M.G. 103 Sir William P'itzherbert 107 Mr. Alfred Domett, C.M.G. 109 Sir John Hall, K.C.M.G. 123 Sir Donald McLean, K.C.M.G. 135 Native Chief Tawhiao. (Commonly called the Maori Kin 149 Mr. Reader Wood 151 Mr. W. S. Moorhouse . 171 Sir Frederick Weld, G.C.M.G. 175 Colonel Sir G. S. Whitmore, K.C.M.G 183 Sir George Bowen, G.C.M.G. 185 Sir Julius Vogel, K.C.M.G. 187 Mr. John D. Ormond . 191 Mr.' George M/Waterhouse . 193 Sir James Fergusson,[Bart. 196 Vlll List of Illustrations The Marquis of Nornianby, ERRATA. Page 26, lines 4 and 13, for Nyapuhi read Ngapuhi. Pages 55 and 56, speech of Hone Heke to be in inverted commas, down to end of line 4, page 56. Page 89, line 4 from bottom, y^r 1S65 read 1875. Page loi, line i, after Simon insert Maccabeus. Page 132, line 20, yir unconditional transfer ;-t'(Z// anomaly. Page 154, line 16, for Waikonaiti read Waikouaiti ; and, same Y\ne,for Waigongorau 7-ead Waigongoro. Page 200, line ^, for 1876 read 1896. Page 202, line \^, for hyperbole 7-ead hyperbola. Page 215, line 2, for 1880 7-ead 1889. Page 225, line 2, add, The Earl of Ranfurly has lately been appointed as his successor. Page 228, line 22, after himself insert and his House. Page 231, line 23,/^;- not 7'ead now; line 26, /i;;- governor 7-ead council ; erase rest of line 26 and lines 27 and 28 to full stop in latter line ; line 2g,fnr present re^^/ former. Page 235, line 3 from bottom, et-ase the Right Hon. Sir Charles Synge. Page 249, line 10, between was and 1894, at the end of and between 1894 and being, i/tsert 1993 ; and, in next line, for 1S94 7-ead 1893. Page 258. line 9, for authority 7-ead authorities ; and line 27, for ;i^4,i27 610 ;r^?i/;{^4, 127,619. Page 268. line i\,for scenes read waters. Page 283, line 5, after Sir William Fox i/tsei-i and in this latter case he was not born to the office in the sense of natural fitness for it, but in the sense of succession to it as the great leader of the Opposition. Page 2S4, line 14, add. He has lately been appointed by Her Majesty a member of the Privy Council. Page 304, line i'j,for Patia read Patea. Page 321, Index, ez-ase Richmond, Judge Simon, loi, 232. line Index, page 322, 4, for Seddon, Hon. P. J., read Seddon, Hon. R. J. ERRATA. Page 121, line Q,for these read \h\s. Page 153, line 14 from hoiiom, for repellant re^K/ repelling. Page 218, line 5 from bottom, /"or Uriwera read Urewera ; also same correction in Index, page 322, in same name. Page 246, line 8 from bottom, /!;;• 6745 >'t'ad 62^<-). NEW ZEALAND EULEES AND STATESMEN CHAPTER I. Indoductory —Natives —First colonization— Governor liolison — Chief Justice Sir William Martin—Attorney-General Swainson— Bishop Selwyn— Co'onel Wakefield— New^ Zealand Company— Captain Wakefield — Wairau massacre — Rauparaha — Acting-Governor Shortland—Governor Fitzroy. In 1886, my work on " New Zealand Rulers and States- men from 1840 to 1885 " was published. My object then was to interweave the political history of New Zealand from its foundation as a British Colony with slight personal sketches of the public characters of the chief political men in New Zealand, who have been prominently engaged, from time to time, in the leading events of that history. And in the hope of adding interest in the personality of those men, I inserted, when practicable, their portraits. As that work is out of print, I propose now, ten years afterwards, to revise it, and embody it in a new work on the same lines, bringing a series of sititilar sketches to the close of i8q6. The advice of friends, whose opinion I highly value, has induced me to take this course ; but B 2 Nnv Zealand Rulers and Statesmen I do so with considerable reluctance and hesitation, owing to the comparatively much greater disadvantages under which, from my lengthened absence from New Zealand, and from other causes, I now labour. I make the attempt with a sincere wish to do my best, and in the earnest hope that my feeble effort may add, however little, to the public interest in a colony for which, from a long residence and many years of public life there, I entertain a strong affection. The Colony of New Zealand has been from the first the puzzle of politicians. Its history is a series of grave and intricate problems. Take for instaix:e the assumption of British sovereignty founded upon what is called the Treaty of Waitangi ; the native land question ; the mutual relations of the natives, and the colonists of Crown, the ; the work colonization in the midst of civil warfare ; self- government internal defence ; the union of the two ; races under conflicting conditions. These problems were, in one sense, worked on a small scale, but their solution involves serious issues, affecting the honour of the Crown, and the livec, property, and welfare of those directly concerned. The consequence has been that public men taking part in political administration of New Zealand have from time to time been called upon to deal with very difficult and important questions. Many of these men have shown, in the performance of these duties, ability, public spirit, and other great moral qualities of no ordinary kind. It is true that they have only been able to prove their worth in a small and remote country, and that their fame, unlike that of great men at the centres of civilization, has not been spread far and wide. But the test of statesmanship is not altogether its exercise on a large stage, and before many witnesses. Statesmanship consists in ascertaining sound principles of political action, and in wisely adapting them tocircum- Capta 171 Cook - 3 place and its reality depends not alto- stances of time and ; gether on the question whether it affects a small colony or a great empire. It is this feeling which leads me to hope that even rough sketches of the personality of prominent New Zealand rulers and statesmen may not only be a just tribute to themselves, but also in some measure interest- ing and instructive to others. So far as I am aware, no such information has been afforded by any of the books hitherto written about New Zealand, except indirectly in cases.
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