DOCSLIB.ORG

Glaciation of Little Cotton- Wood and Bells Canyons, Wasatch Mountains, Utah by GERALD M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glaciation of Little Cotton- Wood and Bells Canyons, Wasatch Mountains, Utah by GERALD M Glaciation of Little Cotton- wood and Bells Canyons, Wasatch Mountains, Utah By GERALD M. RICHMOND SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 454-D A study of the sequence of advances and recessions of the Quaternary glaciers and their relations to the rises andfalls of Lake Bonneville UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication as follows: Richmond, Gerald Martin, 1914r- Glaciation of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons, Wasatch Mountains, Utah. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print, Off., 1964. iv, 41 p. illus., maps (2 fold. col. in pocket) diagrs., profiles, tables. 29 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 454-D) Shorter contributions to general geology. Bibliography: p. 40-^1. 1. Glacial epoch Utah Wasatch Mountains. 2. Geology Utah Wasatch Mountains. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary. I. Title. (Series) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, B.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Quaternary deposits Continued Abstract_________________________________________ Dl Deposits of the Pinedale Glaciation Continued Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Till Continued Previous work____________________________________ 3 Pinedale Glaciation along Little Bedrock geology___________________________________ 3 Cottonwood Canyon Continued Climate_________________________________________ 3 Page Vegetation.________________________________________ 4 Gad Valley Gulch__________.______-_ D22 General physiography of the canyons________________ 6 White Pine Fork________________ 23 Asymmetry. ___________________________________ 6 Red Pine Fork_______ 24 Erosion surfaces________________________________ Maybird Gulch_____ 25 Age of the erosion surfaces.-__-__-_-___-____.____ Hogum Fork_____ __ 25 Quaternary deposits_______________________________ 9 Coalpit Gulch____._--_-________ 25 Till of a pre-Bull Lake age_______________________ 9 Bells Canyon_______________ 25 Disconformity between pre-Bull Lake and Bull Lake Other deposits formed during Pinedale Glacia­ deposits.-------_----_---___-__--____________ 9 tion_________________ _ -__ 27 Deposits of the Bull Lake Glaciation____________ 10 Outwash gravel_______________________ 27 Till._________________________-___.__ 11 Alluvial fan gravel.______._____-__---___ 27 Character of the moraines.______________ 11 Talus and protalus______ _ _ 28 Little Cottonwood Cany on_____ ______ 11 Rock glaciers_________________ _____ 28 Bells Canyon_____________________ 11 Landslides. ____-_____-__------__------_ 28 Interpretation of the moraines____________ 11 Post-Pinedale soil_____________________________ 28 Evidence for correlation with the Bull Lake Deposits of the Temple Lake and historic stades of Glaciation-_--____---___-____________ 11 Neoglaciation. _-_-__------------------------_ 29 Relations of the moraines to the lake de­ Till.__________________________ 29 posits and the intra-Bull Lake discon- Rock glaciers_____________________________ 29 formity_ _ __________________________ 13 Alluvial gravel--_-___--_------------------_ 30 Little Cottonwood Canyon_________ 13 Talus, talus flows, and protalus ramparts. ----- 30 Bells Canyon_____________________ 16 Block rubble___-________--_------_-_------ 31 Till of Bull Lake age upstream from the Post-Temple Lake soil_________________________ 31 end moraines...______________________ 17 Correlation. _----_-_-,.____-_---_------------------- 31 Other deposits formed during the Bull Lake Correlation with the work of others _______________ 33 Glaciation _______________________________ 17 Correlation with the deposits of Lake Bonneville____ 35 Outwash gravel_______________________ 17 Revised correlation_____--___--__----_---_------ 37 Colluvium -_-___-_________________---__ 18 Correlation of Neoglacial deposits.---------------- 37 Post-Bull Lake soil_________________________ 18 Glacial history of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons. 37 Deposits of the Pinedale Glaciation _______________ 19 Preglacial setting._._________--__--_____------_- 37 Till.______________________________________ 19 Early and middle Pleistocene time________-_--___- 38 Evidence for correlation with the Pinedale Late Pleistocene and Recent time.____-_-_-_---___ 38 Glaciation ___________________________ 19 Bull Lake Glaciation_____-________--_------- 38 Evidence for three stades of the Pinedale Bull Lake-Pinedale interglaciation____________ 39 Glaciation ___________________________ 19 Pinedale Glaciation_-__________-__--_--_--_- 39 Pinedale Glaciation along Little Cotton- Pinedale-Neoglacial interglaciation-_-__--_--_- 40 wood Canyon ________________________ 19 Neoglaciation ______________________________ 40 Collins Gulch._____________________ 22 Other events of Recent time.________________ 40 Peruvian Gulch__________________ 22 References cited__________________________--__--____ 40 m IV CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Geologic map of Quaternary deposits of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons, Utah____________________ In pocket 2. Distribution of glaciers at the maximum of successive late Pleistocene glaciations and stades in Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons_________________________________-_____.._-__----_---__--__--_--------- _ In pocket FIGUBE 1. Index map showing location of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons__-______--______--_-_--__-__--______ D2 2. Monthly average altitudes of freezing isotherm at 5:00 a.m., Salt Lake City, Utah, for years of record 1957, 1958, 1959________________________________.._______-___-__--__-___--_---_--_-----_-------~-----_ 4 3. Vegetation zones in the drainage of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons _______________________________ 5 4. Lower sector of Little Cottonwood Canyon showing profile of lower broad valley surface entrenched by inner U-shaped gorge_________________________-_______-_______---___---_---__---_--------_----------. 6 5. Profiles showing asymmetry of Wasatch Mountains and of Little Cottonwood Canyon and map and profiles of upper and lower broad valley surfaces in Little Cottonwood Canyon__________________________________ 7 6. Upper sector of Little Cottonwood Canyon showing remnants of lower broad valley surface__________________ 8 7. Cross profile of the mouth of Little Cottonwood Canyon_______-___-__--__--___-__--_-_-__--__---_--__ 10 8. Diagrammatic sketches of some stratigraphic relations of deposits of the Bull Lake Glaciation.-------------- 12 9. View of moraines and lake flats at mouths of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons__________-___-____--_-__ 14 10. Trench of Little Cottonwood Canyon through moraine of upper till of the Bull Lake Glaciation______________ 15 11. Diagrammatic sketches of some stratigraphic relations of deposits of the Pinedale Glaciation_________________ 20 12. Small spruce-covered end moraine of the Temple Lake Stade of Neoglaciation overlapping larger moraine of upper till of the Pinedale Glaciation at head of Collins Gulch.__ _______________________________________ 23 13. End moraine of the Temple Lake Stade of Neoglaciation covered by scrub spruce and overlapped by rock glacier of the historic stade at head of White Pine Fork... _________________..______--___-___--__-___-_- 24 14. Steep front of blocky end moraine of upper till of the Pinedale Glaciation, Maybird Gulch.__________________ 26 15. End moraine of upper till of the Pinedale Glaciation, Bells Canyon. ___________________________________ 27 16. Diagrammatic sketches of some stratigraphic relations of deposits of the Temple Lake and historic stades of Neoglaciation-_____________________________________________-__________________--__--------_--__ 32 17. Correlation of the glacial stratigraphy of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons with the stratigraphy of Lake Bonneville_______________________________________________________________________________________ 36 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Altitudes of end moraines and rock glaciers of successive late Pleistocene glaciations and stades in Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons___________________________________________________.-___ D21 2. Correlation of nomenclature of the glacial deposits of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons ___________________ 34 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GLACIATION OF LITTLE COTTONWOOD AND BELLS CANYONS, WASATCH MOUNTAINS, UTAH BY GERALD M. RICHMOND ABSTRACT historic stades of Neoglaciation (Little Ice Age of Matthes, Little Oottonwood and Bells Canyons lie on the west slope of 1938) in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming. The older the Wasatch Mountains about 15 miles south of Salt Lake set of moraines bears an azonal soil and vegetation; the City, Utah. The glaciation of these canyons has long been of younger set bears neither soil nor vegetation. interest because the moraines at their mouths are in contact Correlation of the glacial deposits with the deposits of Lake with the deposits ef Lake Bonneville. The purpose of this Bonneville was determined jointly with R. B. Morrison. The paper is to describe the glacial and associated deposits of the lower till of the Bull Lake Glaciation intertongues with, and canyons, to interpret their history, and to discuss their correla­ is overlain by, the deposits of the first rise of Lake Bonneville tion with the deposits of Lake Bonneville which were studied (Alpine Formation of Hunt and others, 1953), which attained concurrently by R. B. Morrison. an
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Little Cottonwood and the Wasatch Fault 1
    Running head: Little Cottonwood and the Wasatch fault 1 Grading Rubric – Total Points: 100 Include this rubric. Points Library Research – Works Cited Page - APA style; relevant content; college-level sources; websites not allowed – /20 sources must be articles, books, or documents. Site Visit - Field Observations Form - hand written in field, fully completed. /10 - Photos - 6 of your own photos, 2 per page, descriptive photo captions in complete sentences, photos are original and show relevant geologic features. Photos /10 copied from the internet will result in a grade of zero for the assignment. - Map – Your own final hand-drawn map of the site showing geologic features, includes title, north arrow, scale bar, legend of all map elements; use color, show /10 location of photos, show location of relevant geologic features and label them, show human features like roads and trails. This has to be a neat hand drawn map of the park. Final Report - Three-page research paper - Content - Relevant observations and explanations of geologic features, good relationship between your observations and the results of your library research. /20 Scientifically relevant physical geologic features. Show relationship between geologic features to your observations. - Writing style - Research report style that is objective, cites references, and is concise, direct, organized, and structured. Will be free of grammatical and spelling /20 errors. Topic sentences for each paragraph, all sentences in paragraphs relate to main point of paragraph. - In-Text Citations:
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Level and Global Ice Volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene
    Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene Kurt Lambecka,b,1, Hélène Roubya,b, Anthony Purcella, Yiying Sunc, and Malcolm Sambridgea aResearch School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; bLaboratoire de Géologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, UMR 8538 du CNRS, 75231 Paris, France; and cDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2009. Contributed by Kurt Lambeck, September 12, 2014 (sent for review July 1, 2014; reviewed by Edouard Bard, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Peter U. Clark) The major cause of sea-level change during ice ages is the exchange for the Holocene for which the direct measures of past sea level are of water between ice and ocean and the planet’s dynamic response relatively abundant, for example, exhibit differences both in phase to the changing surface load. Inversion of ∼1,000 observations for and in noise characteristics between the two data [compare, for the past 35,000 y from localities far from former ice margins has example, the Holocene parts of oxygen isotope records from the provided new constraints on the fluctuation of ice volume in this Pacific (9) and from two Red Sea cores (10)]. interval. Key results are: (i) a rapid final fall in global sea level of Past sea level is measured with respect to its present position ∼40 m in <2,000 y at the onset of the glacial maximum ∼30,000 y and contains information on both land movement and changes in before present (30 ka BP); (ii) a slow fall to −134 m from 29 to 21 ka ocean volume.
    [Show full text]
  • Holocene Glacier Fluctuations
    Quaternary Science Reviews 111 (2015) 9e34 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Invited review Holocene glacier fluctuations * Olga N. Solomina a, b, , Raymond S. Bradley c, Dominic A. Hodgson d, Susan Ivy-Ochs e, f, Vincent Jomelli g, Andrew N. Mackintosh h, Atle Nesje i, j, Lewis A. Owen k, Heinz Wanner l, Gregory C. Wiles m, Nicolas E. Young n a Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetny-29, 119017, Staromonetny, Moscow, Russia b Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia c Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 012003, USA d British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK e Institute of Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland f Institute of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland g Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS Laboratoire de Geographie Physique, 92195 Meudon, France h Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University Wellington, New Zealand i Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway j Uni Research Klima, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, N-5020 Bergen Norway k Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45225, USA l Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland m Department of Geology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA n Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA article info abstract Article history: A global overview of glacier advances and retreats (grouped by regions and by millennia) for the Received 15 July 2014 Holocene is compiled from previous studies. The reconstructions of glacier fluctuations are based on Received in revised form 1) mapping and dating moraines defined by 14C, TCN, OSL, lichenometry and tree rings (discontinuous 22 November 2014 records/time series), and 2) sediments from proglacial lakes and speleothems (continuous records/ Accepted 27 November 2014 time series).
    [Show full text]
  • Glacier Fluctuations During the Past 2000 Years
    Quaternary Science Reviews 149 (2016) 61e90 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Invited review Glacier fluctuations during the past 2000 years * Olga N. Solomina a, , Raymond S. Bradley b, Vincent Jomelli c, Aslaug Geirsdottir d, Darrell S. Kaufman e, Johannes Koch f, Nicholas P. McKay e, Mariano Masiokas g, Gifford Miller h, Atle Nesje i, j, Kurt Nicolussi k, Lewis A. Owen l, Aaron E. Putnam m, n, Heinz Wanner o, Gregory Wiles p, Bao Yang q a Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetny-29, 119017 Staromonetny, Moscow, Russia b Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA c Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS Laboratoire de Geographie Physique, 92195 Meudon, France d Department of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland e School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA f Department of Geography, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada g Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT CONICET Mendoza, CC 330 Mendoza, Argentina h INSTAAR and Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, USA i Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway j Uni Research Climate AS at Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway k Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria l Department of Geology,
    [Show full text]
  • Cirques Have Growth Spurts During Deglacial and Interglacial Periods: Evidence from 10Be and 26Al Nuclide Inventories in the Central and Eastern Pyrenees Y
    Cirques have growth spurts during deglacial and interglacial periods: Evidence from 10Be and 26Al nuclide inventories in the central and eastern Pyrenees Y. Crest, M Delmas, Regis Braucher, Y. Gunnell, M Calvet, A.S.T.E.R. Team To cite this version: Y. Crest, M Delmas, Regis Braucher, Y. Gunnell, M Calvet, et al.. Cirques have growth spurts during deglacial and interglacial periods: Evidence from 10Be and 26Al nuclide inventories in the central and eastern Pyrenees. Geomorphology, Elsevier, 2017, 278, pp.60 - 77. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.035. hal-01420871 HAL Id: hal-01420871 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01420871 Submitted on 21 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Geomorphology 278 (2017) 60–77 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Cirques have growth spurts during deglacial and interglacial periods: Evidence from 10Be and 26Al nuclide inventories in the central and eastern Pyrenees Y. Crest a,⁎,M.Delmasa,R.Braucherb, Y. Gunnell c,M.Calveta, ASTER Team b,1: a Univ Perpignan Via-Domitia, UMR 7194 CNRS Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France b Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS–IRD–Collège de France, UMR 34 CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois–Méditerranée, BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France c Univ Lyon Lumière, Department of Geography, UMR 5600 CNRS Environnement Ville Société, 5 avenue Pierre Mendès-France, F-69676 Bron, France article info abstract Article history: Cirques are emblematic landforms of alpine landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • New Glacier Evidence for Ice-Free Summits During the Life of The
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN New glacier evidence for ice‑free summits during the life of the Tyrolean Iceman Pascal Bohleber1,2*, Margit Schwikowski3,4,5, Martin Stocker‑Waldhuber1, Ling Fang3,5 & Andrea Fischer1 Detailed knowledge of Holocene climate and glaciers dynamics is essential for sustainable development in warming mountain regions. Yet information about Holocene glacier coverage in the Alps before the Little Ice Age stems mostly from studying advances of glacier tongues at lower elevations. Here we present a new approach to reconstructing past glacier low stands and ice‑ free conditions by assessing and dating the oldest ice preserved at high elevations. A previously unexplored ice dome at Weißseespitze summit (3500 m), near where the “Tyrolean Iceman” was found, ofers almost ideal conditions for preserving the original ice formed at the site. The glaciological settings and state‑of‑the‑art micro‑radiocarbon age constraints indicate that the summit has been glaciated for about 5900 years. In combination with known maximum ages of other high Alpine glaciers, we present evidence for an elevation gradient of neoglaciation onset. It reveals that in the Alps only the highest elevation sites remained ice‑covered throughout the Holocene. Just before the life of the Iceman, high Alpine summits were emerging from nearly ice‑free conditions, during the start of a Mid‑Holocene neoglaciation. We demonstrate that, under specifc circumstances, the old ice at the base of high Alpine glaciers is a sensitive archive of glacier change. However, under current melt rates the archive at Weißseespitze and at similar locations will be lost within the next two decades.
    [Show full text]
  • The 'Little Ice Age': Re-Evaluation of An
    THE ‘LITTLE ICE AGE’: RE-EVALUATION OF AN EVOLVING CONCEPT THE ‘LITTLE ICE AGE’: RE-EVALUATION OF AN EVOLVING CONCEPT BY JOHN A. MATTHEWS1 AND KEITH R. BRIFFA2 1 Department of Geography, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK 2 Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Matthews, J.A. and Briffa, K.R., 2005: The ‘Little Ice Age’: re- A controversial term evaluation of an evolving concept. Geogr. Ann., 87 A (1): 17–36. The term ‘little ice age’ was coined by Matthes ABSTRACT. This review focuses on the develop- (1939, p. 520) with reference to the phenomenon of ment of the ‘Little Ice Age’ as a glaciological and cli- glacier regrowth or recrudescence in the Sierra Ne- matic concept, and evaluates its current usefulness vada, California, following their melting away in in the light of new data on the glacier and climatic the Hypsithermal of the early Holocene. The mo- variations of the last millennium and of the Holocene. ‘Little Ice Age’ glacierization occurred raines on which Matthes based his initial concept over about 650 years and can be defined most pre- have been described more recently as a product of cisely in the European Alps (c. AD 1300–1950) when ‘neoglaciation’ (Porter and Denton 1967) and the extended glaciers were larger than before or since. term ‘Little Ice Age’ now generally refers only to ‘Little Ice Age’ climate is defined as a shorter time the latest glacier expansion episode of the late interval of about 330 years (c. AD 1570–1900) when Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures (land Holocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrology and Water Quality of an Urban Stream Reach in the Great Basin—Little Cottonwood Creek Near Salt Lake City, Utah, Water Years 1999–2000
    Hydrology and Water Quality of an Urban Stream Reach in the Great Basin—Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, Water Years 1999–2000 Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4276 112 ∞ 111∞ River Bear Bear IDAHO Lake 42∞ UTAH WYOMING River W ASATCH Bear Bear W Great eber Salt RANGE Lake River 41∞ River UINTA MOUNTAINS Salt Lake City Jor OQUIRRH MOUNTAINS dan River River Provo Strawberry Reservoir Utah Lake IDAHO Spanish WYOMING 40∞ Salt Lake F City ork UTAH U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program Hydrology and Water Quality of an Urban Stream Reach in the Great Basin—Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, Water Years 1999-2000 By Steven J. Gerner and Kidd M. Waddell U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4276 NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Salt Lake City, Utah 2003 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey District Chief Branch of Information Services U.S. Geological Survey Building 810 2329 WestOrton OrtonCircle Circle Box 25286, Federal Center Salt Lake City, Utah 84119 Denver, CO 80225-0286 http://ut.water.usgs.gov FOREWORD The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to serve the Nation with accurate and timely scientific information that helps enhance and protect the overall quality of life, and facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov/).
    [Show full text]
  • The Onset of Neoglaciation in Iceland and the 4.2 Ka Event
    Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-130 Manuscript under review for journal Clim. Past Discussion started: 5 October 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. The onset of Neoglaciation in Iceland and the 4.2 ka event Áslaug Geirsdóttir1, Gifford H. Miller1,2, John T. Andrews2, David J. Harning1,2, Leif S. Anderson1,3 Thor Thordarson1 5 1Faculty of Earth Science, University of Iceland 2INSTAAR/Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder 3Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, CANADA Correspondence to: Áslaug Geirsdóttir ([email protected]) 10 Abstract. Strong similarities in Holocene climate reconstructions derived from multiple proxies (BSi, TOC, δ13C, C/N, MS, δ15N) preserved in sediments from both glacial and non-glacial lakes across Iceland indicate a relatively warm early-to-mid Holocene from 10 to 6 ka, overprinted with cold excursions presumably related to meltwater impact on North Atlantic 15 circulation until 7.9 ka. Sediment in lakes from glacial catchments indicates their catchments were ice-free during this interval. Statistical treatment of the high-resolution multiproxy paleoclimate lake records shows that despite great variability in catchment characteristics, the records document more or less synchronous abrupt, cold departures as opposed to the smoothly decreasing trend in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Although all lake records document a decline in summer temperature through the Holocene consistent with the regular decline in summer insolation, the onset of significant 20 summer cooling, occurs ~5 ka in high-elevation interior sites, but is variably later in sites closer to the coast, suggesting some combination of changing ocean currents and sea ice modulate the impact from decreasing summer insolation.
    [Show full text]
  • Reappraisal of Chinese Loess Plateau Stratigraphic Sequences Over the Last 30,000 Years: Precursors of an Important Holocene Monsoon Climatic Event
    REAPPRAISAL OF CHINESE LOESS PLATEAU STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCES OVER THE LAST 30,000 YEARS: PRECURSORS OF AN IMPORTANT HOLOCENE MONSOON CLIMATIC EVENT 2 WEIJLAN ZHO U,1 ZHISHENG AN,1 A. J. T DULL, D. J. DONAHUE2 and M. J. HEADS ABSTRACT. Through the establishment of radiocarbon chronozones relating common geological events within lacustrine features and eolian sediments from five profiles representative of loess yuan (tablelands), river valley and northwest margin study of the Loess Plateau, we propose a series of stratigraphic divisions within the last 30 ka. The focus of this detailed cool- involves stratigraphic relationships contributing to evidence of Younger Dryas events, with the recognition of cold-dry, pro- wet and cold-dry periods represented within the Heiheze silt, Midiwan peat and Liushuwan eolian sand. The stratigraphic files reflect century-scale fluctuations of the East Asian monsoons. The precursor events enable us to place the Pleistocene/ Holocene boundary at 10,000 BP. INTRODUCTION The late-glacial stratigraphy of North China consists mainly of both lacustrine and eolian sediments. Zheng (1984) made a preliminary stratigraphic subdivision for the Holocene loess. Lei (1992) placed the 04/03 boundary at the interface of SOIL1 with the age of ca. 10,000 BP for the southern part of Loess Plateau. Head, Zhou and Zhou (1989), Zhou and An (1991), Zhou, An and Head (1994) and Zhou, Head and Kaihola (1994) established pretreatment procedures for the separation of organics from paleosol and the extraction of wood cellulose, and further proposed a stratigraphic subdivision for Late Pleistocene loess based on reliable radiocarbon dating. However, since the stratigraphic resolution of the studied profile is not good enough, it is difficult to make a detailed study of the transitional stratigraphy from the last glaciation to post glaciation.
    [Show full text]
  • APRIL 2016 Ramblerthe the Monthly Publication of the Wasatch Mountain Club
    APRIL 2016 RamblerTHE The Monthly Publication of The Wasatch Mountain Club VOLUME 95 NUMBER 4 Wasatch Mountain Club 2016- 2017 PRESIDENT Julie Kilgore 801-244-3323 [email protected] VICE PRESIDENT Brad Yates 801-278-2423 [email protected] TREASURERS Jason Anderson 205-532-3003 [email protected] Dave Rabiger 801-964-8190 [email protected] SECRETARY Barbara Boehme 801-633-1583 [email protected] BIKING CO-DIRECTORS Cindy Crass 801-803-1336 [email protected] Carrie Clark 801-931-4379 [email protected] Chris Winter 801-384-0973 [email protected] MOUNTAIN BIKING COORDINATOR Greg Libecci 801-699-1999 [email protected] BOATING CO-DIRECTORS Aymara Jimenez 435-764-4496 [email protected] Katrina Easton [email protected] BOATING EQUIPMENT CO-COORDINATORS Bret Mathews 801-831-5940 [email protected] Donnie Benson 801-466-5141 [email protected] CANOEING COORDINATOR Pam Stalnaker 801-425-9957 [email protected] RAFTING COORDINATOR Kelly Beumer 801-230-7969 [email protected] CLIMBING CO-DIRECTORS Steve Duncan 801-680-9236 [email protected] Kathleen Waller 801-859-6689 [email protected] CANYONEERING COORDINATOR Rick Thompson [email protected] CONSERVATION DIRECTOR Eric Sadler 801-518-3676 [email protected] FOUNDATION LIASON Robert Myers 801-466-3292 [email protected] HIKING DIRECTORS Nancy Martin 801-419-5554 [email protected] EVENING HIKES COORDINATOR Nathan Gilbert 801-656-7268 [email protected] TRAIL MAINTENANCE CO-COORDINATORS Dave Andrenyak 801-582-6106 [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Holocene Glacier Fluctuations in Alaska
    Quaternary Science Reviews 28 (2009) 2034–2048 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Holocene glacier fluctuations in Alaska David J. Barclay a,*, Gregory C. Wiles b, Parker E. Calkin c a Geology Department, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA b Department of Geology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA c Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA article info abstract Article history: This review summarizes forefield and lacustrine records of glacier fluctuations in Alaska during the Received 9 May 2008 Holocene. Following retreat from latest Pleistocene advances, valley glaciers with land-based termini Received in revised form were in retracted positions during the early to middle Holocene. Neoglaciation began in some areas by 15 January 2009 4.0 ka and major advances were underway by 3.0 ka, with perhaps two distinct early Neoglacial Accepted 29 January 2009 expansions centered respectively on 3.3–2.9 and 2.2–2.0 ka. Tree-ring cross-dates of glacially killed trees at two termini in southern Alaska show a major advance in the AD 550s–720s. The subsequent Little Ice Age (LIA) expansion was underway in the AD 1180s–1320s and culminated with two advance phases respectively in the 1540s–1710s and in the 1810s–1880s. The LIA advance was the largest Holocene expansion in southern Alaska, although older late Holocene moraines are preserved on many forefields in northern and interior Alaska. Tidewater glaciers around the rim of the Gulf of Alaska have made major advances throughout the Holocene.
    [Show full text]