DOCSLIB.ORG

The Microscope; However, It Is Not the First Time Collector’S Item

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

69 VOLUME 54, THIRD/FOURTH QUARTER, 2006 CONTENTS VOL. 54 NO. 3/4 Editorial ii Gary J. Laughlin Note on Page Numbering in Volume 15 iv Cumulative Indexes 1937 - 2006 (Volumes 1 - 54) Author Index 5 Subject Index 87 Book Reviews (by Author) 188 EDITORIAL This issue is the complete 69 year index of the con- light microscope was in danger of becoming a tents of The Microscope; however, it is not the first time collector’s item. In fact, for years I believed that this that a cumulative index for this journal has been made was a modern dilemma but it wasn’t until Dr. McCrone available for its readers. An earlier version was pub- told me that when he left Cornell, he was unable to lished as a supplement in 1982 (covering Volumes 1- find anyone in industry who really knew what the 30) and again, after the completion of the first 50 years light microscope or a chemical microscopist could do. of The Microscope, in 1987 (Vol. 35:4). Because these two Armour Research Foundation in Chicago took a chance early indexes are no longer available and nearly 20 and hired him — that was 1948. The rest is history. additional years have passed, we thought it a good The light microscope has been accused of being idea to bring things up to date and make the complete too simple or too complicated, too subjective, or too author, subject, and book review indexes available as unreliable — as compared to automated alternatives. a single-volume print issue that will now, for the first Microscopists couldn’t disagree more: the results pro- time, also be available in electronic format. duced are taken from direct, visual observations, pro- If you are one of the fortunate ones to have access duce immediate reliable results, lots of useful data, and to the 50th anniversary index, you may recall that are ideal for macro and micro quantities of material. then-Editor, Walter C. McCrone, predicts that by the But the person behind the eyepieces, the microscopist, time The Microscope journal reaches its 100th anniver- must be willing to learn, practice, and think. sary, there will be two possibilities for the light mi- As contemporary light microscopists continue to croscope: 1) it will be accepted for what it can do, or 2) fill the gaps left by the great pioneers of microscopy, it will be a collector’s item. He goes on to suggest that new students continue to enroll in courses that are the outcome depends on us, the microscopists. We will once again on the increase and show no signs of slow- celebrate in 2037. That gives us a little time — but one ing. There is every indication that the light microscope has to wonder, how well are we doing? continues to flourish, and it must be because we are In 1987, when I started my professional career in headed towards possibility No. 1 above. The micro- microscopy, that Editorial hadn’t yet been written. I scope as a collector’s item, will just have to wait. was literally surrounded by microscopists that be- lieved in the instrument and what it could do and that was all that mattered. I saw no indication that the Gary J. Laughlin, Editor ii CUMULATIVE INDEXES AUTHOR SUBJECT BOOK REVIEWS (BY AUTHOR) 1937 - 2006 (VOLUMES 1 -54) EDITORS: Arthur L. E. Barron (1937 - 1962) Harold Malies (1962 - 1965) Walter C. McCrone (1965 - 1995, 2000) David A. Stoney (1996 - 1999, 2001 - 2004) Robert M. Weaver (2004 - 2005) Gary J. Laughlin (2005 - present) PUBLISHED BY: Microscope Publications Division of McCrone Research Institute 2820 South Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60616 (312) 842 - 7100 www.mcri.org Note: Many back issues of this journal are still available; prices can be quoted upon request. iii Note on Page Numbering in Volume 15 The balance of this issue consists of author, subject, and book review index for the first 69 years (54 volumes). There is a problem with the page numbering of Volume 15. In June of 1967 the McCrone Research Institute purchased the Microscope from Arthur Barron. At that juncture Arthur had published 366 pages of Volume 15. We, however, published the third quarter issue of Volume 15, but numbered it pp. 1-104 instead of the correct 367-467. We did send a set of correct stick-on page numbers to all subscribers in 1967 and in the 30-Volume index published in the fourth quarter - 1983 issue we gave both page numbers using an * to indicate the incorrect number, e.g., Grabar D.G., Studies of Porous Materials by Interference Microscopy, 15, 406 (43)* (1967). This system has been continued in this index. All page numbers from 364 (1)* to 467 (104)* are affected. Fortunately, this affects only a few of the hundreds of references. iv CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX Volumes 1 -54; 1937 - 2006 ABLETT, R.H.J.: see Pieters, L.A. (Abstract) 19, 433 ADAMS, M.D.: Ultramicrosampling with a laser (1971) microscope, 19, 157 (1971) ABRAMOWITZ, MORT: A New Website for Teaching ADAMS, MAX D.: Sabbaticals at Sea (Abstract) 48, 130 Microscopy - the Power of Java Applications (2000) (Abstract) 47, 115 (1999) ADAMS, MAX D.: The Sailboat and the Microscope, ABSELL, A.: Camphine lamp, 6, 24, (1946) (Abstract) 44, 150 (1996) ABSELL, A.: One use for Polaroid, 7, 216 (1949) ADAMS, MAX: At Sea With a Microscope, (Abstract) 46, 222 (1998) ABSELL, A.: Removing parasites, 6, 277 (1947) ADAMS, R. J.: see Bartlett, J., (Abstract) 19, 424 (1971); ADAIR, S.D.: see White, G.W., 21, 115 (1973) 20, 375 (1972) ADAMS, C.C.: Unidentified object in human feces, 10, ADAR, FRAN: Raman Microanalysis: When Does 333 (1956) Chemical Imaging Make a Difference? (Abstract) 52, 157 (2004) ADAMS, L.D.: see Dorne, J.D., 31, 37 (1983) AFFLECK, D.B.: Excessive aperture, 8, 104, (1950) ADAMS, M.D.: Initial reactions in phosphate casting refractories, (Abstract) 24, 322 (1976) AH PO: Tendencies in microscope design, 5, 209 (1944) ADAMS, M.D.: Separation and examination of AKARNULIS, A.J.: see Boyes, E.D., 27, 9 (1979) particulate materials from molten sodium, (Abstract) 20, 296 (1972) ALBADA, L.E.W. VAN: Enlarging the microscopical field, 9, 57(1952) 5 ALBERDI, C.: see Alfonso, 47, 123 (1999) ALDRICH, SCOTT: Membrane Microscopic Assay for Ophthalmic Products (Abstract) 48, 140 (2000) ALBERTSON, C.E.: A light tent for photomicrography, 14, 253 (1964) ALDRICH, SCOTT: Microscopy of Pharmaceutical Materials and Intermediates - Where Do We Fit In the ALBRIGHT, F. R., et al.: A fluorescent dye binding Pat Initiative? (Abstract) 51, 149 (2003) technique for detection of chrysotile asbestos. 30, 267 (1982) ALDRICH, SCOTT: PLM is the Hub (Abstract) 52, 162 (2004) ALBRIGHT, J., et al.: Automatic image analysis of the bone biopsy: variations in rib architecture, 26, 15 (1978) ALDRICH, SCOTT: PLM for Pathologists (Abstracts) 47, 106 (1999) ALDEN, HARRY A.: Microscopical Analysis of the Contents of a Time Capsule from the Straits of ALDRICH, SCOTT: The Microscopical Approach - Keep Magellan, Left by the HMS Adventure (1830) (Abstract) It Simple (Abstract) 46, 224 (1998) 48, 141 (2000) ALFONSO, S.: Method To Optically Characterize ALDEN, HARRY A.: Odds and Sods, Part 1 and Part 2: Anisotropic and Transparent Materials, 47, 123 (1999) Optical Microscopy Studies at the Smithsonian (Abstract) 49, 184 (2001) ALLAN, R.S.: The beginnings of modern microscope design, 4, 249 (1941) ALDEN, HARRY A.: What the Heck is That?: The Creation of a Microscopical Database/Atlas for the ALLEN R.P.: A new electronic flash for Identification of North American Ethnobotanical photomicrography, (Abstract) 24, 308 (1976) Materials – A National Collaborative Effort (Abstract) 52, 155 (2004) ALLEN R.P.: A new type of mirror for the microscope and other optical instruments, 14, 332 (1965) ALDEN, HARRY A.: Wood Anatomy and Identification of the Remains of a 600 Year-Old Forest from the Sierra ALLEN, REV. M. YATE: Pollen grains in honey, 3, 48, Nevada at Whitewing Mountain, California 99, 228 (1939) (Abstract) 48, 142 (2000) ALLEN, REV. M. YATE: The study of pollen, 1, 127 (1937) ALDEN, HARRY A.: Microarchaeology of a Royal Tomb at Copan Honduras (Abstract) 47, 117 (1999) ALLMAND, T.R.: Proving trials of the Quantimet image analysing computer in metallography, 16, 163 ALDEN, HARRY A.: Preliminary Evaluation of Selected (1968) Plant Material from The Lewis & Clark Expedition (Abstract) 47, 117 (1999) ALLMAND, T.R.: Technical problems in assessing non- metallic inclusions in steel, (Abstract) 19, 428 (1971); ALDEN, HARRY A: On the Trail of the Fathers: The 20, 57 (1972) Case of the Serendipitous Santos (Abstract) 52, 155 (2004) ALLMAND, T.R.: Thin film interference, a new method for identification of nonmetallic inclusions, 18, 11 ALDINGER, F., et al.: The determination of phase (1970) boundaries by quantitative image analysis, (Abstract) 19, 429 (1971) AMICI, D.: see Tedeschi, G.G., 17, 149 (1969) ALDRICH, SCOTT: Membrane-Based Counting of the ANDERSON, H.P.: A simple scheme for the Particulate Matter Load in Parenteral Products, 45, individualisation of human hair, 17, 221 (1969) 73 (1997) 6 ANDERSON, KEN: Amber: Historic and Scientific ATKINSON, A: Low consumption microscope lamp, Perspectives of an Extraordinary Natural Material 5, 109 (1942) (Abstract) 238 XX AUS, H., et al.: A note on the usefulness of multicolor ANDERSON, R.L.: A brief discussion of safety in the scanning and image processing in cell biology, 24, 39 metallography laboratory, 14, 180 (1964) (1976) ANDREEN, JACK H., see McCrone, Walter C., 41, 161 AUS, H.M.: An interactive quantitative microscopy (1993) see McCrone, Walter C., 42, 61 (1994) system for a biomedical institute (Abstract) 23, 272 (1975) ANDREEN, JACK H.: Identification of Organic High
Recommended publications
  • The Chiton Radula: a Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies

    The Chiton Radula: a Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies

    4 The Chiton Radula: A Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies Lesley R. Brooker1 and Jeremy A. Shaw2 1University of the Sunshine Coast 2Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis University of Western Australia Australia 1. Introduction Over the course of evolution, a range of strategies have been developed by different organisms to produce unique materials and structures perfected for their specific function. This biological mastery of materials production has inspired the birth of the new discipline of biomaterials through biomimicry (Birchall, 1989). Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) are slow moving, bilaterally symmetrical and dorso- ventrally flattened molluscs that are commonly found on hard substrata in intertidal regions of coastlines around the world (Kaas & Jones, 1998). All species are characterized by a series of eight dorsal, articulating shell plates or valves, which may be embedded, to varying degrees, in a fleshy, muscular girdle (Kaas & Jones, 1998) (Figure 1). Approximately 750 living species are known, and while intertidal regions are home to the majority of chitons, a number of species can be found at depths of up to 8000m where they feed on detrital material (Kaas & Jones, 1998). Fig. 1. Photograph of the dorsal surface of the chiton Acanthopleura gaimardi, showing the eight overlapping aragonite plates surrounded by the fleshy girdle, which, in this species, is covered in small aragonite spines. Chitons feed by rasping macro- and micro-algae from the rocks on which they live through the use of a radula. The radula has been coined as a conveyor belt of continuously developing www.intechopen.com 66 Advanced Topics in Biomineralization teeth, replaced by new teeth as they are worn and lost.
  • Interfaces and Defect Composition at the Near-Atomic Scale Through Atom Probe Tomography Investigations Baptiste Gault, Andrew J

    Interfaces and Defect Composition at the Near-Atomic Scale Through Atom Probe Tomography Investigations Baptiste Gault, Andrew J

    Interfaces and defect composition at the near-atomic scale through atom probe tomography investigations Baptiste Gault, Andrew J. Breen, Yanhong Chang, Junyang He, Eric A. Jägle, Paraskevas Kontis, Philipp Kürnsteiner, Alisson Kwiatkowski da Silva, Surendra Kumar Makineni, Isabelle Mouton, Zirong Peng, Dirk Ponge, Torsten Schwarz, Leigh T. Stephenson, Agnieszka Szczepaniak, Huan Zhao, Dierk Raabe Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany. Abstract Atom probe tomography (APT) is rising in influence across many parts of materials science and engineering thanks to its unique combination of highly sensitive composition measurement and three-dimensional microstructural characterization. In this article, we have selected a few recent applications that showcase the unique capacity of APT to measure the local composition at structural defects. Whether we consider dislocations, stacking faults or grain boundary, the detailed compositional measurements tend to indicate specific partitioning behaviors for the different solutes in both complex engineering and model alloys we investigated. Introduction Field-ion-based techniques were initially developed for studying surfaces 1,2: The field ion microscope (FIM) reveals the structure of a material with atomic-scale resolution 3, at least in some parts of the image, while the implementation of a time-of-flight spectrometer onto a field ion microscope, which is the atom probe, targeted the elemental identification of atoms images at the surface 4. The level of detail of the intimate structure of crystalline defects, being grain boundaries 5 or dislocations 6, brought by FIM was astonishing, and the technique is unrivalled when it comes to observing individual vacancies 7,8.
  • Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research

    Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research

    CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 62 Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research Revised Edition DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cover Photograph: Transitional particle from upstate New York identified by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as anthophyllite asbestos altering to talc. Photograph courtesy of USGS. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 62 Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted. Disclaimer Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the Na- tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition, citations to Web sites external to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the spon- soring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these Web sites. Ordering Information To receive NIOSH documents or other information about occupational safety and health topics, contact NIOSH at Telephone: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636) TTY: 1–888–232–6348 E-mail: [email protected] or visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/niosh. For a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe to NIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc.gov/niosh/eNews. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011–159 (Revised for clarification; no changes in substance or new science presented) April 2011 Safer • Healthier • PeopleTM ii Foreword Asbestos has been a highly visible issue in public health for over three decades.
  • Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Characterisation of Materials by Atom Probe Tomography

    Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Characterisation of Materials by Atom Probe Tomography

    International Materials Reviews ISSN: 0950-6608 (Print) 1743-2804 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yimr20 Three-dimensional nanoscale characterisation of materials by atom probe tomography Arun Devaraj, Daniel E. Perea, Jia Liu, Lyle M. Gordon, Ty. J. Prosa, Pritesh Parikh, David R. Diercks, Subhashish Meher, R. Prakash Kolli, Ying Shirley Meng & Suntharampillai Thevuthasan To cite this article: Arun Devaraj, Daniel E. Perea, Jia Liu, Lyle M. Gordon, Ty. J. Prosa, Pritesh Parikh, David R. Diercks, Subhashish Meher, R. Prakash Kolli, Ying Shirley Meng & Suntharampillai Thevuthasan (2017): Three-dimensional nanoscale characterisation of materials by atom probe tomography, International Materials Reviews, DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2016.1270728 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2016.1270728 Published online: 26 Jan 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 11 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=yimr20 Download by: [The UC San Diego Library] Date: 30 January 2017, At: 14:49 INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2016.1270728 FULL CRITICAL REVIEW Three-dimensional nanoscale characterisation of materials by atom probe tomography Arun Devaraja, Daniel E. Pereab, Jia Liub, Lyle M. Gordonb, Ty. J. Prosac, Pritesh Parikhd, David R. Diercks e, Subhashish Meherf, R. Prakash Kolli g, Ying Shirley Mengd and Suntharampillai Thevuthasanh
  • Articles Devoted to Silicate Minerals from Fumaroles of the Tol- Bachik Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia)

    Articles Devoted to Silicate Minerals from Fumaroles of the Tol- Bachik Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia)

    Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 101–119, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-101-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unusual silicate mineralization in fumarolic sublimates of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia – Part 1: Neso-, cyclo-, ino- and phyllosilicates Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina1, Igor V. Pekov1, Natalia N. Koshlyakova1, Sergey N. Britvin2,3, Natalia V. Zubkova1, Dmitry A. Varlamov4, and Eugeny G. Sidorov5 1Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 3Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersman Str. 14, 184200 Apatity, Russia 4Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academica Osypyana ul., 4, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia 5Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Boulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Correspondence: Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina ([email protected]) Received: 19 June 2019 – Accepted: 1 November 2019 – Published: 29 January 2020 Abstract. This is the initial paper in a pair of articles devoted to silicate minerals from fumaroles of the Tol- bachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). These papers contain the first systematic data on silicate mineralization of fumarolic genesis. In this article nesosilicates (forsterite, andradite and titanite), cyclosilicate (a Cu,Zn- rich analogue of roedderite), inosilicates (enstatite, clinoenstatite, diopside, aegirine, aegirine-augite, esseneite, “Cu,Mg-pyroxene”, wollastonite, potassic-fluoro-magnesio-arfvedsonite, potassic-fluoro-richterite and litidion- ite) and phyllosilicates (fluorophlogopite, yanzhuminite, “fluoreastonite” and the Sn analogue of dalyite) are characterized with a focus on chemistry, crystal-chemical features and occurrence.
  • MINERALOGY for PETROLOGISTS Comprising a Guidebook and a Full Color CD-ROM, This Reference Set Offers Illustrated Essentials to Study Mineralogy, Applied to Petrology

    MINERALOGY for PETROLOGISTS Comprising a Guidebook and a Full Color CD-ROM, This Reference Set Offers Illustrated Essentials to Study Mineralogy, Applied to Petrology

    MINERALOGY for PETROLOGISTS for MINERALOGY Comprising a guidebook and a full color CD-ROM, this reference set offers illustrated essentials to study mineralogy, applied to petrology. While there are some excellent reference works available on this subject, this work is unique for its data richness and its visual character. MINERALOGY for PETROLOGISTS With a collection of images that excels both in detail and aesthetics, 151 minerals are presented in more than 400 plates. Different facies and paragenesis, both in natural polarized light, are shown for every mineral and optical data, sketches of the crystal habitus, chemical composition, occurrence and a brief description are Optics, Chemistry and Occurrences included. The accompanying user guide gives a general introduction to microscope mineral observation, systematic mineralogy, mineral chemistry, occurrence, of Rock-Forming Minerals stability, paragenesis, structural formula calculation and its use in petrology. This compact set will serve as a field manual to students, researchers and Michel Demange professionals in geology, geological, mining, and mineral resources engineering to observe and determine minerals in their studies or field work. Dr. Michel Demange has devoted his career to regional geology and tectonics of metamorphic and magmatic terranes and to ore deposits. Graduated from the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris and holding a Docteur-es-Sciences from the University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, he has been active in a rich variety of geological projects and investigations around the world. In combination with his teaching and research activities at the École des Mines in Paris, France, he headed various research studies. This book benefits from the great experience in field M.
  • A Comparative Study of Jadeite, Omphacite and Kosmochlor Jades from Myanmar, and Suggestions for a Practical Nomenclature

    A Comparative Study of Jadeite, Omphacite and Kosmochlor Jades from Myanmar, and Suggestions for a Practical Nomenclature

    Feature Article A Comparative Study of Jadeite, Omphacite and Kosmochlor Jades from Myanmar, and Suggestions for a Practical Nomenclature Leander Franz, Tay Thye Sun, Henry A. Hänni, Christian de Capitani, Theerapongs Thanasuthipitak and Wilawan Atichat Jadeitite boulders from north-central Myanmar show a wide variability in texture and mineral content. This study gives an overview of the petrography of these rocks, and classiies them into ive different types: (1) jadeitites with kosmochlor and clinoamphibole, (2) jadeitites with clinoamphibole, (3) albite-bearing jadeitites, (4) almost pure jadeitites and (5) omphacitites. Their textures indicate that some of the assemblages formed syn-tectonically while those samples with decussate textures show no indication of a tectonic overprint. Backscattered electron images and electron microprobe analyses highlight the variable mineral chemistry of the samples. Their extensive chemical and textural inhomogeneity renders a classiication by common gemmological methods rather dificult. Although a deinitive classiication of such rocks is only possible using thin-section analysis, we demonstrate that a fast and non-destructive identiication as jadeite jade, kosmochlor jade or omphacite jade is possible using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, which gave results that were in accord with the microprobe analyses. Furthermore, current classiication schemes for jadeitites are reviewed. The Journal of Gemmology, 34(3), 2014, pp. 210–229, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2014.34.3.210 © 2014 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Introduction simple. Jadeite jade is usually a green massive The word jade is derived from the Spanish phrase rock consisting of jadeite (NaAlSi2O6; see Ou Yang, for piedra de ijada (Foshag, 1957) or ‘loin stone’ 1999; Ou Yang and Li, 1999; Ou Yang and Qi, from its reputed use in curing ailments of the loins 2001).
  • Materials Science and Engineering

    Materials Science and Engineering

    Materials Science and Engineering Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science Northwestern University SPRING 2011 Two MSE Professors Chad Mirkin Now Elected Elected to American Academy to All Three Branches of the of Arts and Sciences National Academies orthwestern University scientist Chad A. Mirkin, a world- renowned leader in nanotechnology research and its application, Nhas been elected a member of the prestigious Institute of Medicine (IOM). He is the first at Northwestern and in the Midwest and the 10th in the world to be elected to all three branches of the National Academies. Mirkin was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences earlier this year and a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2009. Mirkin is the George B. Rathmann Professor of Chemistry in the Weinberg New AAAS inductees David Seidman and Monica Olvera de la Cruz. College of Arts and Sciences and profes- wo McCormick materials science and engineering professors — sor of medicine, chemical and biological Monica Olvera de la Cruz and David Seidman — were elected to engineering, biomedical engineering and T the prestigious American Academy of Arts and Sciences, one of the materials science and engineering and nation’s oldest honorary societies and independent policy research centers. director of Northwestern’s International Olvera de la Cruz is the Lawyer Taylor Professor of Material Science Institute for Nanotechnology. and Engineering, chemical and biological engineering, and chemistry. Membership in the IOM is one of the highest honors in the fields of Seidman is Walter P. Murphy Professor of Materials Science and Engineer- Chad Mirkin ing.
  • BURMESE JADE: the INSCRUTABLE GEM by Richard W

    BURMESE JADE: the INSCRUTABLE GEM by Richard W

    BURMESE JADE: THE INSCRUTABLE GEM By Richard W. Hughes, Olivier Galibert, George Bosshart, Fred Ward, Thet Oo, Mark Smith, Tay Thye Sun, and George E. Harlow The jadeite mines of Upper Burma (now Myanmar) occupy a privileged place in the If jade is discarded and pearls destroyed, petty thieves world of gems, as they are the principal source of top-grade material. This article, by the first will disappear, there being no valuables left to steal. foreign gemologists allowed into these impor- — From a dictionary published during the reign of tant mines in over 30 years, discusses the his- Emperor K’ang Hsi (1662–1722 AD) , as quoted by Gump, 1962 tory, location, and geology of the Myanmar jadeite deposits, and especially current mining erhaps no other gemstone has the same aura of mys- activities in the Hpakan region. Also detailed tery as Burmese jadeite. The mines’ remote jungle are the cutting, grading, and trading of location, which has been off-limits to foreigners for jadeite—in both Myanmar and China—as P well as treatments. The intent is to remove decades, is certainly a factor. Because of the monsoon rains, some of the mystery surrounding the Orient’s this area is essentially cut off from the rest of the world for most valued gem. several months of the year, and guerrilla activities have plagued the region since 1949 (Lintner, 1994). But of equal importance is that jade connoisseurship is almost strictly a Chinese phenomenon. People of the Orient have developed jade appreciation to a degree found nowhere else in the world, but this knowledge is largely locked away ABOUT THE AUTHORS in non-Roman-alphabet texts that are inaccessible to most Mr.
  • Advanced Light Microscopy

    Advanced Light Microscopy

    Advanced Light Microscopy Volume 2 Specialized Methods Maksymilian Pluta Professor of Applied Optics Head of the Physical Optics Department Central Optical Laboratory, Warszawa Elsevier Amsterdam-Oxford-New York-Tokyo PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers Warszawa 1989 Contents Introduction, XI Chapter 5. Phase Contrast Microscopy, 1 5.1. General principles, 1 5.2. Typical phase contrast systems, 11 5.3. Imaging properties, 15 5.3.1. Halo, shading-off, and image fidelity, 15 5.3.2. Resolution, 20 5.3.3. Sensitivity, 22 5.3.4. Influence of stray light, 25 5.4. Nomenclature, 28 5.5. Highly sensitive phase contrast devices, 30 5.5.1. Optical properties of soot layers, 30 5.5.2. Highly sensitive negative phase contrast device (KFA), 32 5.5.3. Highly sensitive positive phase contrast device (KFS), 36 5.6. Alternating phase contrast systems, 38 5.6.1. Beyer's phase contrast device, 39 v 5.6.2. Device with both positive and negative phase rings (KFZ), 42 5.7. Phase contrast systems with continuously variable image contrast, 45 5.7.1. The Polanret system, 46 5.7.2. Nomarski's variable achromatic phase contrast system, 50 5.7.3. Nikon interference-phase contrast device, 52 5.7.4. Variable phase contrast device with a single polarizing phase ring, 54 5.8. Phase contrast microscopy by using interference systems, 56 5.8.1. Interphako, 57 5.8.2. Variable phase contrast microscopy based on the Michelson inter­ ferometer, 61 5.9. Stereoscopic phase contrast microscope, 66 5.9.1. Underlying principles and mode of operation, 67 VI CONTENTS 5.9.2.
  • By Arshya Feizi a Thesis Submitted in Conformity with the Requirements For

    By Arshya Feizi a Thesis Submitted in Conformity with the Requirements For

    A CMOS MULTI-MODAL CONTACT-IMAGING SCANNING MICROSCOPE by Arshya Feizi A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Copyright c 2014 by Arshya Feizi A CMOS multi-modal contact-Imaging Scanning Microscope Arshya Feizi Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2014 Abstract This thesis presents the design, implementation and partial experimental characterization of a multi-modality scanning-contact microscope (SCM) with application in biomedical imaging. Bench-top light microscopes are bulky and expensive and provide only one imaging modality. The SCM’s imaging component is a custom-made CMOS imager in the AMS0.35µm imaging process. Six pixel types are integrated into the imager, which enable the SCM to support six imaging modalities. For sub-pixel resolution imaging, a specialized pixel layout is used which allows the system to support a super-resolution algorithm which takes multiple images with sub-pixel shifts as its input and generates a single high-resolution image. Each pixel type may generate an output voltage or current, depending on whether it is active or passive. A low-power dual-input 2nd order ΔΣ ADC with an SNR of 78dB is implemented to accommodate both current and voltage inputs while preserving noiseshaping characteristics for both inputs. ii Acknowledgements Despite the fact that this work solely bears my name, it would not have been possible without the help of many significant individuals. First, I would like to thank my parents for their unconditional love and emotional support through the ups and downs of this project.
  • Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

    Journal of Visualized Experiments www.jove.com Video Article Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases Kimberly Genareau1, Alberto Perez-Huerta1, Fernando Laiginhas1 1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama Correspondence to: Kimberly Genareau at [email protected], Alberto Perez-Huerta at [email protected] URL: https://www.jove.com/video/59863 DOI: doi:10.3791/59863 Keywords: Environmental Sciences, Issue 152, Atom probe tomography, APT, volcanic ash, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, exsolution lamellae, FIB-SEM lift-out, LEAP Date Published: 10/25/2019 Citation: Genareau, K., Perez-Huerta, A., Laiginhas, F. Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases. J. Vis. Exp. (152), e59863, doi:10.3791/59863 (2019). Abstract Element diffusion rates and temperature/pressure control a range of fundamental volcanic and metamorphic processes. Such processes are often recorded in lamellae exsolved from host mineral phases. Thus, the analysis of the orientation, size, morphology, composition and spacing of exsolution lamellae is an area of active research in the geosciences. The conventional study of these lamellae has been conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and more recently with focused ion beam (FIB)-based nanotomography, yet with limited chemical information. Here, we explore the use of atom probe tomography (APT) for the nanoscale analysis of ilmenite exsolution lamellae in igneous titanomagnetite from ash deposits erupted from the active Soufrière Hills Volcano (Montserrat, British West Indies). APT allows the precise calculation of interlamellar spacings (14–29 ± 2 nm) and reveals smooth diffusion profiles with no sharp phase boundaries during the exchange of Fe and Ti/O between the exsolved lamellae and the host crystal.