DOCSLIB.ORG

History & Philosophy of Medicine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History & Philosophy of Medicine History & Philosophy of Medicine doi: 10.12032/HPM20210404031 Analysis of microblog public opinion characteristics on traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19 based on deep learning Shi-Pian Li1, Xue-Meng Cai1, Cheng Chen1, Ze-Lin Wei2, Wen-Zong Zhang3, Dai-Le Zhang1, Yong-Ming Guo1, Xin-Ju Li1 * 1Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China. 2Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430077, China. 3Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. *Corresponding to: Xin-Ju Li. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. E-mail: mars402498971@126.com. Abstract The opinion research on traditional Chinese medicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on microblog, a social network, took into account the national people’s fight against COVID-19 — the research background — the strength of traditional Chinese medicine during the pandemic — the research topic — and the public opinion — the research object. The timeline was divided into three stages according to the overall heat change. In order to explore and compare people’s emotion and topics of concern on traditional Chinese medicine during the different stages of the pandemic, deep learning analysis methods such as emotional analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis were used. This study found that the public’s positive “emotional composition” on traditional Chinese medicine significantly improved within the timeline, while the public’s autonomy was enhanced and the overall public opinion started to show an increased trend. Keywords: Deep learning, COVID-19, Public opinion analysis, Traditional Chinese medicine Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Acknowledgments: The authors did not receive any funding for this study. Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; LSTM, long-term and short-term memory network; LDA, latent dirichlet allocation. Citation: Li SP, Cai XM, Chen C, et al. Analysis of microblog public opinion characteristics on traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19 based on deep learning. Hist Philos Med. 2021;3(2):5. doi: 10.12032/HPM20210404031. Executive editor: Shan-Shan Lin. Submitted: 16 March 2021, Accepted: 04 April 2021, Online: 16 April 2021. © 2021 By Authors. Published by TMR Publishing Group Limited. This is an open access article under the CC-BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/). Submit a manuscript: https://www.tmrjournals.com/hpm 1 doi: 10.12032/HPM20210404031 REVIEW academic community regarded the protest against Background NATO bombing incident in People’s Network Forum in 1999 as the beginning of public opinion’s During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effectively entering into the Chinese society. We pandemic, people responded to the calls to refrain searched the general database with “ 舆 情 (public going outdoors. Consequently, the time spent on the opinion)” as a key word, in the annual publication of Internet has greatly increased. By last December, the HowNet (Figure 1). The rise of public opinion research internet penetration rate in China had reached 70.4%, is only about ten years old. Nowadays, public opinion and the number of Internet users was approximately research mainly focuses on public opinion monitoring, 989 million [1]. At the peak of the pandemic, the analysis, and guidance. Through the analysis of public average number of hours of internet use per week was opinion literature on HowNet, preliminary results were up to 30.8 hours, which was significantly higher than obtained. in other periods. During this time, people paid attention to the progress of the front-line pandemic Data sources and engineering characteristics work. For example, hot topics appeared online such as In this paper, we crawled all 198,928 text data with the construction of the Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital “ 中 医 药 (TCM)” as the keyword in a microblog. and the Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital. The internet Firstly, we crawled the microblog data through the public opinion on public health also reached an scratch distributed crawler framework and configured unprecedented dimension. The decentralized trend of the agent to solve the anti-crawling mechanism of online social communication has contributed to the microblog. Then, we preprocessed the data, deleted the actual degree of freedom of public opinion. stop words (https://github.com/goto456/stopwords.), Particularly, the internet has become a new approach used the term frequency–inverse document frequency to express opinion. Consequently, the internet enabled (TF-IDF) [4] algorithm to process the text data, and research on the public opinion on epidemic-related finally obtained the matrix expression containing all content. the text information. Because of the lack of knowledge on Chinese traditional culture, the public has low awareness of Text sentiment analysis traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and easily Text sentiment analysis is a process of analysis, misinterprets it. Since 13th five-year, the Communist processing, induction, and reasoning subjective text Party of China Central Committee with Comrade Xi with emotional color [5]. This section aimed to make Jinping gave great importance to the development of use of the long-term and short-term memory network TCM. In the opinion of the Communist Party of China (LSTM) in deep learning technology [6]. Based on the Central Committee and the State Council on promoting emotional analysis of the text, LSTM network are a the inheritance, innovation, and development of TCM, variant of recurrent neural network. Recurrent neural researchers should promote the benefits of TCM network can only have short-term memory because of culture through media, strengthen and standardize the the gradient disappearance. LSTM network combines dissemination and popularization of knowledge about short-term memory with long-term memory through prevention and treatment of diseases in TCM, and subtle gate control, and solves the problem of gradient create a social atmosphere on TCM that people cherish, disappearance to a certain extent. At present, it showed love, and support [2]. During the fight against a good performance in solving the problems of time COVID-19, there was approximately 5,000 Chinese series, natural language processing, and speech medical staff. For patients with COVID-19, the recognition. utilization rate of Chinese medicines was over 92% [3], In this paper, we choose the popular microblog and the effective rate of the confirmed cases in Hubei comment emotion data set as the training set of the was over 90%. TCM has played an irreplaceable role neural network. The data set had three types of tags: in the fight against this pandemic. The search on positive, negative, and neutral. In this model, the input internet’s public opinion of TCM can complement the layer node of LSTM network was set to 50. Because research systems on public opinion, providing a the final prediction result could be of three types, the support for policy implementation and referencing output layer node was 3. The dropout layer was added TCM as essential in improving health during the to prevent over fitting. By adjusting parameters and pandemic. comparing the results, the number of nodes in the hidden layer was 16. In the process of building the Methods model, MSE, meaning mean square error, was chosen as the loss function, tanh was selected as the activation Literature research method function in the hidden layer, and softmax was At the end of the 18th century, Rousseau had put preferred as the output layer. In order to find the best forward the concept of “public opinion”. Domestic balance between memory efficiency and memory public opinion research started relatively late. The capacity, RTX Titan graphics card was selected. 2 Submit a manuscript: https://www.tmrjournals.com/hpm History & Philosophy of Medicine doi: 10.12032/HPM20210404031 Figure 1 Trends of HowNet public opinion literature Because of the low number of parameters, there was words in each text is as follows. no need to consider the use of video memory, so batch T was selected. When the loss of training was less than P(wi ) P(wi zi )P(zi j) 1e-5, the training was stopped. It was found that the j1 training had stopped when the iteration was of about four times. There were 14,795 complete training In this paper, we used Gensim to build a topic parameters with a final training accuracy of 94%. The analysis model and PyLDAvis to visualize the model. model was saved and outputted as the model weight. Finally, we calculated the text confusion degree to Finally, all the parameters were used to train the neural determine the topic parameters and to evaluate the network, and the test data was added to the final model. Confusion degree meant that the number of model. document topics generated by the training model is uncertain. Different number of topics will change the Latent dirichlet allocation confusion degree, being lower when the document clustering effect is better. Latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) is a topic analysis method of mining text topics using a probabilistic Basis of stage division model [7]. Based on the maximum likelihood method According to the latest statistics of the Chinese internet and generative model, LDA reduces the dimension of network information center, microblog is the third high-dimensional text data to a lower dimensional largest social networking platform, which is second space. On this basis, if LDA is used prior distribution, only to WeChat’s circles of friends and QQ space. Due it forms a naive Bayesian model of article-topic-single to its information openness, it is more approachable to word. Finally, LDA finds the semantic structure and the development of data mining. Therefore, microblog mines articles by calculating their probability. Each was used as the data source platform in this study. text can be expressed as the probability distribution P Baidu is a high usage search engine, with a daily user (z) of a series of topics, and each topic is the activity of nearly 200 million people.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contemporary China: a Book List
    PRINCETON UNIVERSITY: Woodrow Wilson School, Politics Department, East Asian Studies Program CONTEMPORARY CHINA: A BOOK LIST by Lubna Malik and Lynn White Winter 2007-2008 Edition This list is available on the web at: http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinabib.pdf which can be viewed and printed with an Adobe Acrobat Reader. Variation of font sizes may cause pagination to differ slightly in the web and paper editions. No list of books can be totally up-to-date. Please surf to find further items. Also consult http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinawebs.doc for clicable URLs. This list of items in English has several purposes: --to help advise students' course essays, junior papers, policy workshops, and senior theses about contemporary China; --to supplement the required reading lists of courses on "Chinese Development" and "Chinese Politics," for which students may find books to review in this list; --to provide graduate students with a list that may suggest books for paper topics and may slightly help their study for exams in Chinese politics; a few of the compiler's favorite books are starred on the list, but not much should be made of this because such books may be old or the subjects may not meet present interests; --to supplement a bibliography of all Asian serials in the Princeton Libraries that was compiled long ago by Frances Chen and Maureen Donovan; many of these are now available on the web,e.g., from “J-Stor”; --to suggest to book selectors in the Princeton libraries items that are suitable for acquisition; to provide a computerized list on which researchers can search for keywords of interests; and to provide a resource that many teachers at various other universities have also used.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Introduction of Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Our Intent for Future Cooperation
    2014 APEC Seminar on the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in Airborne Diseases Containment October 17-18 2014 Beijing · China Welcome Distinguished professors: The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is the premier Asia-Pacific economic forum, and is also the highest level of official collaboration in the Asia-Pacific region. APEC pays great attention to public health, and provides strong and continuous support for work in this field. Seminar on the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in Airborne Diseases Containment, as the first TCM-related project supported by APEC Health Working Group, will be held on 17th ~ 18th October, 2014, in Beijing (China). The seminar aims to establish an international platform for academic exchanges among APEC economies, and therefore builds collaborations among multi-disciplinary like clinical and basic medicines, disease control and prevention, and also medical researches and drug development. It is to promote the transition of scientific research achievements to practical products and the use of such TCM-related products against airborne diseases in APEC regions, which leads to the enhancement of public health capacity and responses to such issues. The seminar will have experts with different backgrounds presenting depth information in relation to the TCM theories, TCM drug developments, marketing TCM-based products, and regulations for the application of TCM in different APEC economies. In the beautiful golden autumn of Beijing, We would like to show sincerely welcome
    [Show full text]
  • Bypassing the Technocratic State in South Korea Doctors Mobilizing Korean Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020
    Asian Medicine 16 (2021) 36–57 brill.com/asme Bypassing the Technocratic State in South Korea Doctors Mobilizing Korean Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020 James Flowers | ORCID: 0000-0003-2361-119X Brain Pool Program Research Fellow, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea jimflowers@khu.ac.kr Abstract This article reveals an important, yet hidden, Korean response to the COVID-19 pan- demic in 2020 that goes beyond the actions of the state. It focuses on the Korean medi- cine doctors who were excluded from any government-led public health or treatment plans for COVID-19. Bypassing the state, they used telehealth to provide herbal medi- cines to 20 percent of COVID-19 patients in South Korea. Traditional medicine doctors volunteered their services and financial resources to fill a gap in COVID-19 care. Most observers attribute Korean success in controlling COVID-19 to the leadership of the technocratic state with buy-in from the population. However, the case of Korea offers an example of bottom-up healthcare in a community where people chose their own native cultural resources and helps to explain how doctors were able to take the initia- tive to autonomously work with people in the community to help to stop the otherwise rapid transmission of the virus. Keywords Korean medicine – COVID-19 – telemedicine – alternative to state technocratism – psychological healing On June 17, 2020, a small group of Association of Korean Medicine (AKOM) leading figures participated in a policy forum in the Korean National Assembly Building in Yŏŭido, central Seoul, to discuss the application, response, and implementation of Korean medicine in the future post-COVID-19 South Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • 0Fd92edfc30b4f9983832a629e3
    NEWS BRIEF 2 NATIONAL PEOPle’s CoNGRESS OF CHINA People display the national flag in Golden Bauhinia Square in Hong Kong Special Ad- ministrative Region in south China. Li Gang ISSUE 1 · 2021 3 Safeguarding people’s health, building 10 quality basic public education stressed 目录 Contents Annual Session 2021 12 Special Report: NPC Work Report Xi stresses high-quality 6 development, improving 22 President Xi and the people people’s well-being Working for the people 8 14 New development philosophy, Senior leaders attend delibera- Law Stories of HK ethnic unity stressed tions at annual legislative session 10 16 24 Safeguarding people’s health, People as masters of their country An imperative step for long-term stability building quality basic public is essence of democracy in Hong Kong education stressed 26 Decision to improve Hong Kong elector- al system adopted 28 Explanations on the Draft Decision of the National People’s Congress On Improv- ing the Electoral System of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4 NATIONAL PEOPle’s CoNGRESS OF CHINA An imperative step for long-term 24 stability in Hong Kong China unveils action plan for 36 modernization ISSUE 1 · 2021 Spotlight Insights 34 China projects confidence with over 6% 42 Xi’s messages point way for China at VOL.52 ISSUE 1 March 2021 GDP growth target historic development juncture Administrated by General Office of the Standing NPC Highlights Committee of National People’s Congress 44 NPC Standing Committee strongly Chief Editor: Wang Yang condemns US sanctions on Chinese 36 General
    [Show full text]
  • As Schools Reopen, Classes Discuss Battles Against Novel Coronavirus Epidemic and Floods by Ji Jing
    NATION: COVID-19 HEROES HONORED P.28 | BUSINESS: BEIJING FAIR’S GLOBAL SERVICE P.30 VOL.63 NO.38 SEPTEMBER 17, 2020 WWW.BJREVIEW.COM RAISING THE STANDARD Schools reopen with greater resilience RMB6.00 USD1.70 AUD3.00 GBP1.20 CAD2.60 CHF2.60 JPY188 邮发代号2-922·国内统一刊号：CN11-1576/G2 VOL.63 NO.38 SEPTEMBER 17, 2020 CONTENTS EDITOR’S DESK BUSINESS 02 A Fresh Start 34 New Offers Keen African interest in CIFTIS THIS WEEK 38 Emboldened by Independence China’s drone industry soars COVER STORY 40 Market Watch 16 A Noble Cause Teachers given their dues CULTURE 44 The Past Is the Future 18 Reshuffling an Industry Book puts Sino-U.S. ties in perspective COVID-19 changes after-class tuition structure 12 COVER STORY FORUM WORLD 46 Can Social Media Help the Young Overcome Their Social Phobia? 24 The United Nations’ Role Learning Life’s Lessons World body remains more New resolutions mark relevant today EXPAT’S EYE 26 The Tireless Bridge Builder school reopening 48 Life With Health Code Onslaught on Confucius Institute Zimbabwean student unravels mystery leaves pioneer unfazed of Suikang WORLD NATION P.22 | Remembering History’s Legacy 28 People’s Heroes Nation salutes extraordinary citizens Anti-fascist victory demonstrates power of East-West cooperation BUSINESS P.36 | New Free Trade Forces Report card on new FTZs’ progress BUSINESS Cover Photo: First graders attend class at Taipinglu Primary School in Beijing on August 29 (XINHUA) P.30 | Digital Dividends Trade fair shows innovations for ©2020 Beijing Review, all rights reserved. post-pandemic growth www.bjreview.com Follow us on MEDIA PARTNER BREAKING NEWS » SCAN ME » Using a QR code reader Beijing Review (ISSN 1000-9140) is published weekly for US$61.00 per year by Cypress Books, 360 Swift Avenue, Suite 48, South San Francisco, CA 94080, Periodical Postage Paid at South San Francisco, CA 94080.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.The Fight Against the COVID-19 Epidemic
    4.The Fight against the COVID-19 epidemic Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada in early February 2020, the teachers and students at our school have worked tirelessly to complete the following ten tasks: #1: Assisting the community in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic! On February 10th, in order to support mainland China frontline workers in the fight against the COVID-19, the Ontario College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Canada donated RMB 5,000 to the charity. #2 Donated 1005 medical N95 masks to Colleagues on the first-line! Since February 11th to February 21st, we have called for the donation of N95 masks to Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine team retrogrades and first-line comrades. We have received 1005 donated medical masks within 10 days and sent them back to mainland China The front line against the COVID-19 epidemic! #3 Gave back to the community by donating one thousand units of Chinese medicine worth 10,000 Canadian dollars to prevent illness and enhance physical immunity. On March 20th, the Ontario College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (OCTCM) distributed 1,000 packets of Chinese herbal medicines to the public for free. The Medicines have a net worth of 10,000 Canadian dollars and are suitable for normal people to reduce incidence of illness. Give back to the Chinese community in order to assist in fighting the pandemic. #4 Ten languages of "Global Sharing of TCM Anti-epidemic Experience in Multilingualism" have been released: In order to allow Canadian diverse communities and countries around the world to directly understand and master the experience of TCM anti-pandemic medicine through English and other languages, the college gathered volunteer teachers and students and established the "New Corona Virus TCM Treatment Information Research Group" on February 22.
    [Show full text]
  • Pursue Greater Unity and Progress News Brief
    VOL.50 ISSUE 3 · 2020 《中国人大》对外版 NPC National People’s Congress of China PURSUE GREATER UNITY AND pROGRESS NEWS BRIEF President Xi Jinping attends a video conference with United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres from Beijing on September 23. Liu Weibing 2 NATIONAL PEOPle’s CoNGRESS OF CHINA ISSUE 3 · 2020 3 6 Pursue greater unity and progress Contents UN’s 75th Anniversary CIFTIS: Global Services, Shared Prosperity National Medals and Honorary Titles 6 18 26 Pursue greater unity Global services, shared prosperity President Xi presents medals and progress to COVID-19 fighters 22 9 Shared progress and mutually Special Reports Make the world a better place beneficial cooperation for everyone 24 30 12 Accelerated development of trade in Work together to defeat COVID-19 Xi Jinping meets with UN services benefits the global economy and build a community with a shared Secretary-General António future for mankind Guterres 32 14 Promote peace and development China’s commitment to through parliamentary diplomacy multilateralism illustrated 4 NATIONAL PEOPle’s CoNGRESS OF CHINA 42 The final stretch Accelerated development of trade in 24 services benefits the global economy 36 Top legislator stresses soil protection ISSUE 3 · 2020 Fcous 38 Stop food waste with legislation, 34 crack down on eating shows Top legislature resolves HKSAR Leg- VOL.50 ISSUE 3 September 2020 Co vacancy concern Administrated by General Office of the Standing Poverty Alleviation Committee of National People’s Congress 36 Top legislator stresses soil protection Chief Editor: Wang Yang General Editorial 42 Office Address: 23 Xijiaominxiang, The final stretch Xicheng District, Beijing 37 100805, P.R.China Full implementation wildlife protection Tel: (86-10)5560-4181 law stressed (86-10)6309-8540 E-mail: zgrdnpc@npc.gov.cn COVER: President Xi Jinping ad- ISSN 1674-3008 dresses a high-level meeting to CN 11-5683/D commemorate the 75th anniversary Price: RMB 35 of the United Nations via video link Edited by The People’s Congresses Journal on September 21.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Sars-Cov Nucleocapsid Protein Epitopes and Uses Thereof
    www.engineeringvillage.com Citation results: 500 Downloaded: 4/24/2020 1. SARS-COV NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN EPITOPES AND USES THEREOF KELVIN, David; PERSAD, Desmond; CAMERON, Cheryl; BRAY, Kurtis, R.; LOFARO, Lori, R.; JOHNSON, Camille; SEKALY, Rafick-Pierre; YOUNES, Souheil-Antoine; CHONG, Pele Assignee: UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK; BECKMAN COULTER, INC.; UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL; NATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTES Publication Number: WO2005103259 Publication date: 11/03/2005 Kind: Patent Application Publication Database: WO Patents Compilation and indexing terms, 2020 LexisNexis Univentio B.V. Data Provider: Engineering Village 2. SARS-CoV-specific B-cell epitope and applications thereof Wu, Han-Chung; Liu, I-Ju; Chiu, Chien-Yu Assignee: National Taiwan University Publication Number: US20060062804 Publication date: 03/23/2006 Kind: Utility Patent Application Database: US Patents Compilation and indexing terms, 2020 LexisNexis Univentio B.V. Data Provider: Engineering Village 3. A RECOMBINANT SARS-COV VACCINE COMPRISING ATTENUATED VACCINIA VIRUS CARRIERS QIN, Chuan; WEI, Qiang; GAO, Hong; TU, Xinming; CHEN, Zhiwei; ZHANG, Linqi; HO, David, D. Assignee: INSTITUTE OF LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES; THE AARON DIAMOND AIDS RESEARCH CENTER; QIN, Chuan; WEI, Qiang; GAO, Hong; TU, Xinming; CHEN, Zhiwei; ZHANG, Linqi; HO, David, D. Publication Number: WO2006079290 Publication date: 08/03/2006 Kind: Patent Application Publication Database: WO Patents Compilation and indexing terms, 2020 LexisNexis Univentio B.V. Data
    [Show full text]
  • Path to Glory
    8 | Friday, May 7, 2021 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY PATH TO GLORY Engineer sparks his co-workers to new highs By YANG CHENG in Tianjin Power maintenance engineer Zhang Liming, 52, is a well­ known figure in Tianjin due to his dedication to maintaining communities’ electricity sup­ plies for more than 30 years. An employee of the State Grid Tianjin branch’s Binhai subsidi­ ary, Zhang has been granted several titles for his work, including Excellent Member of the Communist Party of China, Role Model of the Times and National Morale Model. Zhang has memorized many paths around the Binhai New Area in order to quickly answer service calls, and residents wel­ come him as a family member. Over the years, he has drawn up maps of the coastal area to help him find a location when he is called out on a job. He always leaves his phone on to Zhang Boli (center), president of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, revisits the site of a makeshift hospital in Jiangxia district in Wuhan, Hubei province, answer maintenance requests last month, where he headed a team specializing in using TCM to fight the COVID­19 outbreak. CHENG MIN / XINHUA and according to his work logs, he has covered 80,000 kilome­ ters over the past three decades. Liu Liqin, a resident of Huianli community in Binhai, said she called him to fix a power problem TCM doctor who remedied a crisis on Oct 1, which was a holiday. “However, after the mainte­ nance work, Zhang found our 50 percent from over 80 percent tive in treating the virus.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Chinese Medicine Species Constants and the Accurate
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/166140; this version posted July 20, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Two Chinese medicine species constants and the accurate identification of Chinese medicines Huabin zou School of chemistry and chemical engineering of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R.China Correspodence:huabinzou@126.com Abstract: Since the ancient times, all over the world, the identification of herbal medicines have to be based on empirical knowledge. In this article two species constants of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) were discovered relying on the maximum information states of Dual index information theory equation, or common heredity and variation information theory. The two species constants,common peak ratios Pg = 61% and Pg = 70%, which corresponding to symmetry and asymmetry variation states,respectively, were used as two absolute quantitative criteria to identify complex biology systems－TCM. Considered the influences of many other factors on components and experiment processes, the practical theoretical identification standards should be established Pg≧58~64% and Pg≧67~73% ,within the relative error within －3% and + 3% of information value around the maximum information states. Combining the maximum number of effective sample optimum method with this two theoretical standards, the optimized classification of a TCM sample set can be carried out correctly. 42 samples belonging to four species of combination Chinese medicines were tested. The infrared (IR) fingerprint spectra (FPS) of their powder were measured and analyzed by means of the approach provided above.
    [Show full text]
  • Chin1821.Pdf
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd955 No online items Finding Aid for the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives, 1989-1993 Processed by UCLA Library Special Collections staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé. UCLA Library Special Collections UCLA Library Special Collections staff Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 Email: spec-coll@library.ucla.edu URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/special/scweb/ © 2009 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 1821 1 Descriptive Summary Title: China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives Date (inclusive): 1989-1993 Collection number: 1821 Creator: Center for Chinese Studies and the Center for Pacific Rim Studies, UCLA Extent: 22 boxes (11 linear ft.)1 oversize box. Abstract: The present finding aid represents the fruits of a multiyear collaborative effort, undertaken at the initiative of then UCLA Chancellor Charles Young, to collect, collate, classify, and annotate available materials relating to the China Democracy Movement and tiananmen crisis of 1989. These materials---including, inter alia, thousands of documents, transcribed radio broadcasts, local newspaper and journal articles, wall posters, electronic communications, and assorted ephemeral sources, some in Chinese and some in English---provide a wealth of information for scholars, present and future, who wish to gain a better understanding of the complex, swirling forces that surrounded the extraordinary "Beijing Spring" of 1989 and its tragic denouement. The scholarly community is indebted to those who have collected and arranged this archive of materials about the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume I. Documents
    International Institute of Social History www.iisg.nl/collections/tiananmen/ INVENTORY OF THE COLLECTION CHINESE PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT, SPRING 1989 VOLUME I: DOCUMENTS at the International Institute of Social History (IISH) International Institute of Social History www.iisg.nl/collections/tiananmen/ For a list of the Working Papers published by Stichting beheer IISG, see page 123. International Institute of Social History www.iisg.nl/collections/tiananmen/ Frank N. Pieke and Fons Lamboo INVENTORY OF THE COLLECTION CHINESE PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT, SPRING 1989 VOLUME I: DOCUMENTS at the International Institute of Social History (IISH) Stichting Beheer IISG Amsterdam, August 1990 International Institute of Social History www.iisg.nl/collections/tiananmen/ CIP-GEGEVENS KONINLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Pieke, Frank N. Inventory of the Collection Chinese People's Movement, spring 1989 / Frank N. Pieke and Fons Lamboo. - Amsterdam: Stichting beheer IISG Vol. I: Documents at the International Institute of Social History (IISH). - (IISG-working papers, ISSN 0921-4585 ; 14) Met reg. ISBN 90-6861-057-0 SISO az-chin 942 UDC 323.26(510)"1989"(083.82) NUGI 641 Trefw.: Chinese volksbeweging (collectie) ; IISG ; catalogi. c 1990 Stichting beheer IISG All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar worden gemaakt door middel van druk, fotocopie, microfilm of op welke andere wijze ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Printed in the Netherlands International Institute of Social History www.iisg.nl/collections/tiananmen/ TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents v Preface vi 1.
    [Show full text]