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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 2771-2777 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.319 Assessment of Technological Gap and Productivity Gain in Cowpea through Front Line Demonstrations Shaukat Ali1*, Balbir Singh, Aditi Gupta and Ajesh Kumar Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandgothi, Churu-331305 (Rajasthan), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT KVK, Chandgothi, Churu (Rajasthan) conducted total 50 Front Line Demonstrations on cowpea at farmers field in Churu District (Rajasthan) during two consecutive kharif seasons from 2014 to 2015. The farming K e yw or ds situation was rainfed and soil was sandy loam low in nitrogen, medium in Cowpea, Grain phosphorus and medium to high in potash. Assessment of gap was done yield, Economics, Technology gap, and on the basis of gap assessment, improved recommended technologies Extension gap were demonstrated. On overall average basis, 19.98 % higher grain yield Article Info was recorded under demonstrations than the farmer’s traditional practices (Local check). The extension gap, technology gap and technology index Accepted: were 195 kg/ha, -170 kg/ha and 16.64 per cent, respectively. An additional 23 April 2020 Available Online: investments of Rs 300 per ha consist with scientific monitoring of 10 May 2020 demonstration and non–monetary factors resulted in additional return of Rs. 6393 per ha. On two year average basis incremental benefit : cost ratio was found 21.31. Introduction vegetarian and pulses form the main source of protein. The protein content in pulses is about Pulses are the backbone of Indian agriculture 18-25 per cent. This makes pulses one of the as well as pulses play important role in Indian cheapest sources of protein for human cropping systems. Pulse crops are primarily consumption (Dayanand et al., 2014). Pulse is grown under rainfed condition and a low the second most important groups after fertility neglected soil in India. It can be cereals (Dash and Rautaray, 2017). The per grown on a variety of soil and climatic capita availability of pulses has declined from conditions as it is tolerant to drought (Malik 60.55 g/day in 1951 to 41.64 g/day in 2012. et al., 2006). Pulse or ‘Daal’ are an integral The productivity of pulses is very low in India part of the average Indian meal. A large is 588 kg/ha, as compared to highest 2034 population of the Indian population is kg/ha in USA during 2016 (Anonymous, 2771 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 2771-2777 2018). In Rajasthan state, the total area under information from farmers for further cowpea cultivation is 93,619 hectares with improvement in research. production of 38,152 MT. The average productivity of cowpea in Rajasthan is 408 Materials and Methods kg/ha. So far, as Churu district of Rajasthan is concerned total area under cowpea cultivation KVK, Chandgothi, Churu conducted total 50 4,685 hectare with productivity of 633 kg/ha Front Line Demonstrations on cowpea variety (Anonymous 2017-18), which is much lower RC 19 at 50 selected farmer’s field in a than the potential. compact block in Churu District (Rajasthan) during kharif 2014 and kharif 2015. The At present the productivity of cowpea is not selection of villages was done on basis of non sufficient due to several biotic and abiotic adoption of improved and recommended stresses besides unavailability of quality seeds variety (RC 19). After the selection of of improved varieties in time and poor crop villages, most approachable side of farmer’s management practices due to unawareness field was selected, so that the performance of and non adoption of recommended production demonstrated technology can be seen by other and plant protection technologies. To enhance farmers. The farming situation was rainfed the productivity of cowpea, it is necessary to and soil was sandy loam low in nitrogen, cultivate cowpea in scientific manner and medium in phosphorus and medium to high in brought the newly developed production potash. The area for demonstration was 0.4 ha technologies at farmer’s field. Therefore, each and were conducted by using Front Line Demonstration on cowpea at recommended package of practices. The KVK farmer’s field may be helpful to establish the provided high quality seed of cowpea variety technology at farming community. The basic i.e. RC 19 @ 15 kg/ha and other critical input objective of this programme is to demonstrate like DAP, micro-nutrients, bio fertilizers, improve proven technologies of recently herbicide and pesticides were purchased by released, short duration, high yielding disease the farmers and used with the guidance of resistant varieties in compact block with INM, KVK during both the years. The sowing of IWM and IPM at farmer’s field (Table 1) crops was done on the onset of monsoon, through Krishi Vigyan Kendras to enhanced most of time it was mid July and harvested adoption of modern technologies to generate during first week of October. The scientist of yield data with farmers feedback. Keeping KVK, Chandgothi, Churu regularly visited this in view, KVK, Chandgothi, Churu and monitored demonstrations on farmers conducted 50 demonstrations on cowpea crop fields from sowing to harvesting. The grain at farmer’s field during kharif 2014 to kharif yield of demonstration and local check was 2015. The objectives of this study were as recorded and analyzed. Other parameters as follows: suggested by Verma et al., (2014) were used for calculating gap analysis, cost and returns. To find out the performance of recognized The details of different parameters are as and recommended high yielding follows: variety of cowpea with full recommended package of practices. Extension gap = Demonstration yield (D1) - To compare the yield of FLD organized by Farmers practices yield (F1) KVK with local check (farmer’s practices). Technology gap = Potential yield (P1) - To collect and consider the feedback Demonstration yield (D1) 2772 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 2771-2777 Technology index = Minus data in technology gap during both the years indicated more feasibility of Potential yield (P1) - Demonstration yield (D1) x 100 recommended technologies during study Potential yield (P1) periods. Lower technology gap showed (Table 3) that combination of improved Additional return = Demonstration return varieties with recommended package of (D ) - Farmers practices return (F ) r r practices perform better than the potential yield of varieties. Similarly, the technology Effective gain = Additional return (A ) – r index for all the demonstrations during the Additional cost (D ) c study period were in accordance with technology gap. Technology index were Incremental B:C ratio = Additional return (Ar) Additional cost (Dc) ranged from 15.63 per cent to 17.66 per cent with an average of 16.64 per cent. Lower Results and Discussion technology index reflected the adequate proven technology for transferring to farmers Grain yield and sufficient extension services for transfer of technology. The average grain yield of cowpea under demonstration plot was recorded 1170 kg/ha, Economics analysis while, in farmer’s practices plot it was 975 kg/ha (Table 3 & Fig. 2). The grain yield was Improved variety seed, fertilizers, bio increased from 18.51 to 21.45 per cent over fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides were farmer’s practices (local check) during both considered as cash inputs for the the years. On average basis, 19.98 per cent demonstrations as well as farmers practices. increase in yield was recorded under On an average additional investment of Rs demonstrations plot as compared to farmer’s 300 per hectare was made under local cultivation practices of cowpea. While it demonstration resulted in additional return of was 110.43, 350.00 and 17.00 per cent higher Rs 6,393 per hectare. Economics returns as a as compared to state, district yield and function of grain yield and selling price varied potential yield (Table 2 & Fig. 1). during both the years. The total return under demonstration plot was ranged from Rs Gap analysis 29,600 per hectare to Rs 46,200 per hectare with an average of Rs 37,900 per hectare. An extension gap between demonstrated Higher return was obtained during year 2015 technology and farmer’s practices was ranged due to higher grain yield and higher selling from 185 kg/ha to 204 kg/ha during both the price. While, in farmer’s local practices plot year. On two year average basis, extension total return ranged from 24,975 Rs per hectare gap of total 50 demonstrations was observed to 38,040 Rs per hectare with an average of 195 kg/ha (Table 3). Such big gap might be 31,508 Rs per hectare (Table 4). The higher attributed to adoption of improved technology effective gain of 6,093 Rs per hectare was in demonstration which resulted in higher obtained under demonstration. The higher grain yield than the traditional farmer’s additional returns and effective gain under practices. Wide technology gap of -184 to - demonstration could be due to improved 155 kg/ha in yield was observed during the technology, non-monetary factors, timely demonstrations years. Average technology operations of crop cultivation and scientific gap of 50 demonstrations was -170 kg/ha. monitoring. The Incremental B:C ratio 2773 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 2771-2777 (IBCR) during both the years was found clusterbean crops by Dayanand et al., (2014), between 15.42 to 27.20. On the average of Dwivedi et al., (2018), Rachhoya et al., two years, IBCR was found 21.31. Higher (2018), Rawat and Rajput (2018), Singh and IBCR could be due to higher additional return Sharma (2018), Jain et al., (2019), Ali and with low additional cost in demonstration.

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