Your Gulde to Habitat The United Nations Conference dn Human Settlements has arrived in Vancouver. This con ference issue of HABITAT GUIDE interprets eight elements of discussion at Habitat, and includes a feature on each of two important buman settlement topics: computer-aided planning and nuclear power. Also in this issue, we note wflat some of the local community groups that we described in our 1st and 2nd issues are now doing during Habitat. And since this is the HABITAT GUIDE, our centre-spread section displays a map of all the action, and a detailed map of Habitat Forum. HABITAT GUIDE has been designed to·tlelp the Habitat hometown community make the .mo.st '.. · of this historical event. We hope that we hav�: ·� M . served our purpose, and that the occasion of' :1f. -� Habitat will result in a better onderstanding of ,the. '.,H .j(B IT AT WIST problems that confront us. . , . . -· with the issues .....------=---=---�----'·- �---, HABITAT WEST will keep you in touch locally and internationally after the Habitat Conference.
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HABITAT GUIDE 3 WORLD SYMPOSIUM CONTENTS HABITAT IN CONTEXT •• • . •• •. • • •• • . • •. • • •• • 5 ON HUMANITY LAND...... 7 Vancouver, B.C. HOUSING ••••••••••••.•.•...••.•..••••••• 8 LIFESTYLES.• • •• . • •• • •• • • • • • •• • •• .• • • •• • • 9 Buckminster Fuller David Spangler THE MARKETPLACE ••••.••••••••••••••.•••• 10 Michio Kushi Theodore Roszak PLANNING FOR THE 21st CENTURY .• •. •• • •• • • •• 11 Yogi Bhajan Rolling Thunder U.N.HABITAT & HABITAT FORUM •••••••••••• • 15 Ken Keyes Stephen Gaskin VANCOUVER HABITAT MAP ••••••••••••••• 16, 17 Swami Kriyananda Bernard Jensen HABITAT FORUM MAP •••.•.•••••••••••••••• 18 Pir Vilayat Khan UNTANGLING THE NUCLEAR DEBATE ••••••••••• 19 TECHNOLOGY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 Hyatt Regency Hotel TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION •••••••••• 24 November 27 - December 4, 1976 PLANETARY BIRTHRIGHT •••••••••••••••••••• 25 Full membership$100 PLANNING • . • •• •• • • • • • • • •• • • •. • • •• • •• • • •• 26 a deposit of $25 will reserve your spot Re-discover the adventure and romance LOCAL HABITAT ACTIVffiES ...... 27 of dining in a restaurant dedicated to inquire at 1962 W. 4th Ave. serving the exotic. and savourydelicacies Vancouver (604) 738-9815 of Polynesia
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HABIT AT GUIDE HABl'IA'I IN CONTEXT·------· ...... �
.:..s Stockholm'72 Vancouver'76 Stockholm Sweden -June, 1972: The U.N. Conference on!the Human Vancouver, Canada - June, 1976: The U.N. Conference on Human Envlronme�t was the birthplace of Habitat, where the Canadian Settlements deals with the same issues as at Stockholm, as they government invited the world to Vancouver. The conference ttieme relate to tne places where we live and work. It's still the same was "Only One Earth". Earth - we're just talking about it at another location.
Habitat does not stand alone as an isolated ence. The fact of blackened Swedish mountain family. conference on special issues. Tt is but one in an snowcaps, ca;,sed by the industrial smokes of the Stockholm exposed the roots of our environ ongoingseries of specialU.N. conferences that only German Ruhr Valley, was deemed our of context. mental interconnectedness, and that short-term_, beginto approach the big problemsof this planet. Sovereign boundaries absolute, my effluents in dirty technological, economic gain is at the price of Habitat was created at the U.N. Confe(.enceon your rivers was your problem and my profit. today's health and tomorrow's· wealth. the Human Environment at Stoclcholm, Sweden in Out of Stockholm came yef another 109 well Bucharest reiterated the harsh economic reality, June of 1972. It was in Stockholm that the inter· intentioned resolutions, the establishment of a 1ha1 there is a direct connection between economic connectedness of all our problems began to be U.N. environment office and an earthwatch opportunity and the rate of population growth. recognized. program to monitor the extent of pollution. The doctor or the ecologist--human body and What really starred ar Stockholm, though, was planet body--
sider ·ecocide' relevant at th!! Environment Confer- evoluuon--will immediately reduce the size of a
M.4.Rl:l"---4:1': �IUn,c..---....,.------'•---....t HABITAT IN CONTEXT In most of this struggling world, the very basics the majority of humanity are focused in the places for sustaining life must first be established, regard where we live our day-to-day lives. l ss of ex, colour. religion, etc., etc. Equitable We pump ourselves up with hope, for we have � _ � FOOD disrnbunon of resources applies on all levels, be it been told that Habitat is solution-oriented. So many At the Rome Food Conference, the same econo· films are being shown based upon solving settle mic principle surfaced yet apin. There is no real from 1st :ind2nd 10 3rd World.or fromman to woman. mentS problems. These audio-visual productions sh (age of 'food (yet), just as there isn't an oil must not be accepted as an end in themselves; but sh tage (yet). WATER as thought-starters for honest intentions, as guide· litically-based economic controls distort supply Unbalanced political and economic competition lines forthe exercise of political will. an and. Millions upon countless millions Still and again, we must return to the single basic underly all problems of water quality and manage su e manipulations of a very disproportionate underlying problem, and that is economic injustice, ment. From the question of toxic industrial pollu· fe�),¥l(o'isrepresented? Who gains? and the effects that result everywhere you look. tants in lakes. rivprs, streams, through to the Law . J!iStOCy records famines in the world. History ·Unofficial' Forums of vitalized, aware, planet of the Sea :ind control of 1he oceans, the same re or � some "'.ho didn't die of starvation. They citizens have established themselves as an integral _ issues resurface again and again. st ! d_s,d food m nmes of plenty for the rimes of part of the U .N. special conferences in four short What price are we paying for short-sighted eco want::{_ years since Stockholm. We must make the most of nomic g:iins? The oceans are the final sink for all ln._�"hisfory that we make, we have developed such rare and important opportunities. Long live out toxic wastes. The same oceans also provide supet�hnologies for war and industry, yet we the Forum. have oi'i).); enough food in storage for fhe world to great quantities of marine food. We are going to eat for25 days. reap our ju�1reward one way or another. NUCLEAR ENERGY Are our priorities not perverted when we stock Fishing. farming. mining the oceans--how equit Without doubt, the most horrible, short-sighted, pile weapons, but not grain? able is the access, how even is the distribution of these earthly r�ources? blind econo[J\ic thrust is towards nuclear ppwer for Water-based wealth is now a new focus for old our human settlements. We are systematically WOMAN values that continue to bring disproportionate gain producing nuclear power plant waste by the ton-· forthe fewat great costs to the many. the radioactive poison of poisons that will still be Just as the ·developing· 'Third World' nations In the ecological Big Picture, the oceanic habitat plaguing us when our cities have become dust. begin to view themselves as a ,•iable political force responds 10 the same principles as those being l1u, mutations of our great great grandchildren·s in their common demands for equitable access to advocated for a New Economic Order, and also for mutations will be cursing us far far into tomorrow if the fruits of the earth, so too is womankind begin· Habitat: opr,ortuni1y for self-deter minarion by any one thing should ever go wTOng with this fancy Ding to wake up to a collective consciousness. means of mort: equiiable access to the resources but untested technology. This new wave of awareness of women amongst The sun and the wind are secure as infinite ems for human betterment. th elves {ourselves, to half the readers ... )is sources of energy. And there are probably un· magnifiedin the West through the sophistication of dreamed-of energy sources that just await research. the mass media. Phasing out such a high investment as nuclear Obviously then, this is happening faster in more power is indeed a difficult step to take. It's a big affiuent cultures that can afford such luxuries as HABITAT write-off. Even so, we simply have no choice in this 'equal pay for equal work'. Yet, employment itself matter, if we maintain any responsibility to the ic the demand for the majority of the world's And so we arrive a1 Vancouver '76. where all the disparities, dissillusionments, and despair amongst futureof the human race at all. people. (cont'd on pg. 14)
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6 H�ABITAT ------�------�------� GUIDE LAND We are born, we live our Short-term, high-gain atti lives, we draw our sus tudes towards land use h·as tenance, we travel to and lead to the sprawl of cities fro and we are laid to rest onto farmland, to ruination of on the land. The land is earth and wat!=)rs by 'big' common to all of us.#Yet, industries, and to develop this heritage has been ment generally that holds no subject to restrictions respect for the ecological and exploitation that re consequences of this kind of duce or eliminate oppor :progress'. tunities for self-determina If superhistory events like tion upbn the land. Habitat happen to bring 'a new Excepting gypsies and w0rld' into being, then we nomads, people have been must begin to think and act fenced in by artificial political with care for all land in the boundaries 'since history same way we would tend a began'. little summer garden. Without any furtt'lerthought, Traditionally humanity's we view land as a commodity secyrity, identity, and 'sense that can be bought and sold, of place' has come from the thereby encouraging land land. If we are to feel at home speculation and personal again on the land, we must profit-taking. The use of land learn to treat it with respect. is then determined by who We must be true stewards of owns it rather than what it is this, our common earth. best suited for.
HABITAT GUIDE HOUSING The home is more than Yet any pre-planned, large a physical shelter. It is the scale, total development 'solu base for the growth of the tions' for such fra@ile, de family, the root of stability. prived communities can be It is the first training ground compared to cleaning a crys for the lessons of the real tal vase by putting it through world outside. The sense a car wash. The self-help of community is first nur ethic is a more appropriately tured in the home. scaled solution, where the In the human environment, means for self-determination shelter is a basic biological are provided for people to need. Groupings of shelters raise their living standards. form settlement patterns that Equally important. we must vary from culture to culture, all rethink our material aspira according to the needs and tions and expectations. North the resources of the settle Americans can re-set the ex ment's people. ample by emphasizing more Throughout the world, shared community facilities, great numbers of human by decreasing the duplication beings live in settlements of energy-consuming home that do not meet the very appliances, and by re-evalu minimum of standards. So ating the status of the house many of us continue to hang within the social context. upon the edge of survival There is a need to recon without clean water or sewage sider our values, for each disposal, without the most individual family unit, settl meagre nutrition, deprived of ment and state and to address education, no hope for employ ourselves to the problems ment, empty of attention from large and small as one inter the busy world of plenty. related whole .
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8 HABITAT GUI LIFESTYLES Lifestyles are the way we live, the social, cultural and ecgnomic values by Not only is the West eating which we guide ourselves. tomorrow today, but the les Lifestyles are expressed · ser advantaged developing by everything we do and nations are making the blind say, from day-to-day and mistake of aspiring to the in the larger patterns of same va!ues. societies. Before a more equitable Lifestyles are a reflection distribution of the earth's of a society's character, and wealth can really be effective of the degree of wealth of it s overall, we must develop and people. Since the industrial communicate a better under revolution of the West, life- standing of our wholistic styles reflect successful needs as one planetary commerce based upon the people. processing of resources in In the short term, such an great amounts. There is not understanding implies the necessarily a direct relation- 'conserver ethic' - doing snip between having the more with less. The values resources and benefiting from of energy-conservation de them. velopment, practiced univer- For the populations of in- sally on a scale better fit for �ustrialized regions, the bene- people, can lead to a more fits of industrialization are secure and plentiful future for consumed by life-styles gear- all people equally. ed to the present - the 'now Such a change in perspec- generation' of flashy clothes tive requires a re-evaluation big engines and a wide array of our lifestyles, of the inten- of well-advertised expensive sity of consumption and of 'conveniences'. our often short-sighted values. 80B OKANTA w >: N ....:,. ;;:: a, a: "'<(
HABITAT GUIDE 9 THE MARKETPLACE Traditionally, the ex non-essential goods, and ' change of goods and ser planned obsolestence. Mar- I vices has taken place in ketplace problems such as i the marketplace. Whether world inflation, the stagnating it be a specific location monetary system, high un in town or village, or the employment and the question stockmarket, with today's ing 0f industrial values are speedy transportation and all new developments which sophisticated cammunica suggest that something is not tions, the whole world has working anymore. become one global market What is emerging to resolve place. these gross inequalities is the It has been a continuing concept of new guidelines for limitation in our system of the marketplace, of a new values that some have more economic order based upon at the cost of others. Today's redistribution of wealth. The constantly increasing rate of emphasis is on limits to con change has very greatly sumption in the affluent coun magnified the inequality. We tries and self-determination are now at a stage in the on the part of developing history of humanity where countries. To establish such over 900 million human be an order, new sets of rules - ings live in utmost poverty. both nationally and inter Of those above the poverty nationally - must be found level, both in affluent and in that will govern the inter poor societies, a growing national monetary system, number feel deprived of the control the extraction and means to understand and transformation of natural participate in their social, resources, and deal with economic and political en decisioh-making in inter vironment. national affairs. With increasing economic If the wholesale exploitation control of the means to pro of primary resources and the duction by giant international degradation of the environ corporations, compounded ment is to end, then we must by the ineptitude of govern bring into being a revitalized mental bureaucracies, we are marketplace in which what is in a period of alienation of made available is a reflection labour, wasteful repetition of of what is needed.
MIKE WEBB
10 HABITAT GUIDE simulation will be in the form of a Planning for he 21st Century printed map, color-coded with non t verbal symbols. This symbolic language, used in the Symbols arc assigned to represent Bernholtz system, transcends cultural Until the middle ages very few are now neatly remembered by the kinds of man-made changes being and linguistic barriers. 'Under people knew how to read and write. computer programs. considered. A drawing of a shopping developed' cultures can use a Consequently. the literate, the edu The analytical and storage capacity . � carr can represent a shopping area. system without the need ny cated, were of special value to the of the computer is streamlining all � Little house symbols can indicate sophisticated, intimidating, i· rulers in making decisions. Societies facets of science, indusrry and educa location and density of residential cate training. Older survivingm es were affected by the knowledge tion. The computer's ability to retrieve zones. Other graphics represent social can jump from pre-mechanizl to acquired by the privileged few who the needed facts from often immense services. factories, transportation the 21st Century, thereby ct a were in the position to get an educa quantities of information has been of routes, each has a symbol that speaks scale of society better-oriented� ro tion. great benefitto research and develop ment in all fields. for a land-use classification. people and a healthier environ ent Gutenberg's invention, the printing With the computer remembering than the 'big' industry, consl.Wllet And in the same way the early days press, soon changed all that. His the space to be simulated. and non societythat we know so well. 1 of the printing press allowed the citi presses stamped out hundreds of verbal symbols representing the Tc:chniques like the Bern�oltz zen to know more about those things books, and knowledge began to changes to be made, all interested Computer-aided design system, sing that affected his or her life, the compu J spread. Great numbers of people parties can then have a say in what-is 'new age' computer technoJ.egies, ter of today, along with T.V., gives began to read about their world. Many needed. what is wanted. All the possi enable the public to meanffigfully more access to be able to affect the wrote about their understandings. bilities within the given space and rime participate in planning human envi world around us. Consequently, 'the public' began to reference are then 'printed out' by ronments as never before possible. comprehend the causes and effects One example of the computer at the computer. By this method, It's a long way from the begging that shapeq their society. The freedom work for people is the 'Bernholtz numerous alternatives are rested to bowl ro participation in local com of information that has grown since System' for planning at any scale. satisfy the needs of the participants. munity planning. Even so, we must then has given strength to free forms Designer/architect Allen Bernholtz The computer. referring to its look at the 'total picture', when we of government. The ballot box and the has created a program that uses the memory, shows what's possible and talk of the sharing of resources. That newspaper are two good examples of talen,ts of the computer to expand what's nor. Mistakes are made in 'picture' is a more equitable disrri that. involvement in the process of planning simulation rather than on the construc bution of goods and services amongst Now a new development in human the environment by the people affec tion sire !Ind rhe best choice that satis all nations. What is needed arc tech technology is having its effect on the ted by that environment. fies the most needs is available in niques for involvement in the systems and procedures for change. Bernholtz's computer program fractions of the time it might other decisions that affect our lives. Parti It's called the computer and this 'remembers' the space or area to be wise rake. cipatory planning systems can expand 'electronic wonder' is doing, today, developed or changed, be it a room, At all times in this process of simu our choice of future alternatives and to what Gutenberg's press did in his building, block, city, region, nation, lation. the computer's insrruations to 'enable us pre-test our decisions time. or - in fact -• the whole earth. As the preserve and protect environmental before we commit our energies and Great stores of information that space and criteria are defined, the quality will automatically keep the' resources to the shaping of our natural would overwhelm anyone trying to computer builds a 'base map' that social. economic and political choices and social environments. deal with all the complex factors that keeps in memory all the characteristics within rhe necessary limits for main (cont'd on pg. 13) enter into the decision-making process of the area to be simutated. taining desirable standards. Each
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HABITAT GUIDE 13 (cont'd from pg. 6) BEYOND HABITAT N'ow, will all these printed, spoken, and duly documentedwords, all the resolutions passed, pre sent in the records, and more surely to come, bring a change forthe better? Will we continue to accept, without question, that solutions to our great pro blems are to be found in a highly-competitive, aggressive, seemingly hell-bent-for-apocalypse world social system? Can we continue to build our human settlements with techniques and techno logies based upon varying degrees of exploitation? Who will take the first steps into a new future based upon people rather than dosed-system materialgain for the few? Who is prepared to really face the needs of the many who have long-since despaired of ever having the freedom of choice or ''-the company that cares'' economic means for a wholesome life-such a life for everyone "that our garden can, if tended well, provide? Economic inequality is the common thread throughout all the U.N. special conferences. Yet this disparity is not the woeful cause unto itself...... there is no substitute Thevalues that move us to action sit in the '!ery heart of the problem. Is the consciousness of the human race any more developed than that of the birds and the beasts? for quality natural foods If the response is affirmative,then we must respond to our needs as one human tribe sharing one spinning globe in the cosmos. And th.is means a purity of intention, a heartfelt respect and an undying will to eliminate all strife based upon exploitative, unco-operative politics and win-lose, repressive economics, all backed up by military might that drains the life of the planet and the spirit of the people. Nothing short of such a revolutionary re-evalua tion of our common destiny can take us beyond Habitat.•
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14 HABITAT GUIDE Habitat Forum Nine Themes Habitat Pavilion Habitat Forum is tt}e place There are nine main themes The Habitat Pavilion, located �nd the opportunity for us to for discussion during the in front of the Courthouse on partici"J:)ate. The Forum is the forum. Each of these will Georgia Street between Horn 'NGO' conference. Any per 9e the major topic on conse by and Howe Sts. in down son or organization that is cutive days of the NGO Con town Vancouver, is a central not representative of a nati<:mal ference: information point. This is The Human Settlements government is called an NGO, • The Man-Made and the where background material Conference in Vancouver, a 'non-governmentalorganiza .Natural Environment and day-to-day information '76, is made up of two tion'. At Habitat Forum, we • S@cial Justice and the on Habitat and the Forum separate and distinct parts: are alf free to share in th$:? Questi0n of Differing can be collected, as well as Habitat and Habitat Forum. activities. Values and Cultures daily announcements on all Under the auspices of the • Sharing and Managing the related activities, enter ! United Nations Organization, the World s Resources tainment and special events. representatives of the world's • National Settlement sovereign nations meet in Policies Habitat Map downtown Vancouver for the • People's Participation in The map on the next page official U.N. coAference. Habi Planning and Implemen will guide you to all the tat is a culmination of a tation centers of activity for Habitat. series of preparatory meet The Forum is located at • Land Use and Ownership The Habitat Forum Site Map ings, and is the end result of the former seaplane base at • Community Action for a on page 1 8 shows the dif many formal government Jericho Beach on Burrard In Better Habitat ferent buildings and lists 'position papers'. let. It has been espeeially • ffiural Development what's going on in them. renovated for this event, and • Appropriate Technology The hangers at the Forum Three Malor consists of a wide variety of Besides the theme t0pics, have been especially pre Documents exhibits, workshops, discus many ot�er workshops and pared for people to have a sions and presentations on presentations are happening say at Habitat, to explore [)uring the Habitat Con human settlement issues. each day at the Forum. and to learn. more about the ference, the government r------, state of affairs in this world delegates will work out the of ours. final details and formally recognize three major docu Habitat Bus ments: • a Declaration of Principles • proposals for action at the level of national govern ments HABITAT THE WORLD SHELTER PEOPLE _;...... ______, • recommendations for in- ..,.:; L-j--" ---:.-----,, ternational co-operation All this activity by and through the United Nations is aimed at moving the govern ments of the world to rEtcog nize and better understand our serious settlements problems, and the causes that underly them. On<;e realized, we must be@iri to act towards overcoming these problems co-operatively. U.N. Habitat Althoug)l a great deal can be learned by following the deliberations of the U.N. Con ference, it is a closed session. Board the "Habitat Forum Spee,:ial" in downtown Vancovuer at the Habitat Pavilion for the ride to The public has no say in Jericho Beach. This special bus operates during the conference only, and will drive you to the Habitat these discussions. Forum site, and to all the public activity for Habitat.
HABITAT GUIDE 15 214162934-
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_ ,,1011 ,, fl41614• ..4t • H t .. f H t 17 n ' 4 • I I WAIJCINO'IIAII ' t I • t t n , 'f A 11 f • f f' r f •p I NON-GOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SEnlEMENTS
KEY 13 - Media & Administration 3 - Theatre & Workshops ... 5 Main Plenary Hall ::; 6 Theatre, Meeting Rooms & 18 HABITAT GUIDE )' Untangling the Nuclear Debate • :uraan AJna 20 un•c ttna11A:t#'a.--u mQllt vnau :uran una•• t1m1o,i1.reuma1)181 u� As the economic and political force behind civilian of geological formarions over tens of The six scientists ignore technical millions of years, the toxicity of plu disagreements and trans-scientific nuclear power programs has increased in recent years, and tonium and so forth are all opinions issues when they con�der the long· as the prospective scale of these programs has become more and can only discredit scientists who term role of nuclear power Only obvious, so has public disagreement over whether nuclear present them as facts. Differences of Alfvenconsiders rhe problem of dism power is wise, necessary, or capable of solving our energy technical opinion must be acknow buting energy to people who need it, ledged, then explored &y reasoned and only he and Leprince-Ringuet problems. analysis (which does not include refu mention the extravagant wasre of Due to the widespread concern about nuclear power in tation by emphatic dismissal). But energy in developed countries. Hill, our human settlements, Habitat Forum will present a pro scienrific discourse cannot settle all Teller, and Jammer and Dousset are gram to focus on this aspect of our energy needs. The inten disputes. content to offer a facile and conclusory tion of everyone involved in the Forum's nuclear program is • Public policy decisions in demo identification of energy g,:owth with cracies, even if superficially of a tech progress (including feeding rhe poor), to bring to Vancouver those researchers and speakers who nical nature, should continue to be and of nuclear power with both. But have been involved in the Nuclear Debate so that we all can made by the common sense judge Alfven's discussion of distriburion is acquire the necessary information that will assist us in mentS of politically accountable gener more profound. How are reactors in making the best decisions for the future of our human se�le alists, after full and informed public developed countries supposed to help ments. Now is the time for those decisions. This conference discussion. Where such decisions are poor people in develop:�g countries partly technical (they can never be to grow and buy food? Does not such a must deal with the nuclear controversy. wholly technical-that is, devoid of claim indicate a rt:markable ignorance Are we going to use nuclear power as the energy for our value judgements), experts must pro of the real causes of hunger and human settlements? How can we proceed with such an vide the best information that they poverty? In industrial countries too, investment if the promise is a radioactive future? This is can, and clearly state its limitations, where the amount of <'nergy needed to but it is not their job or right to take produce a good or service varies by a hardly the waf to inspire thinking people. the decisions themselves, nor to define factor of tens or hundreds, depending The debate is not academic or apolitical: it concerns the the framework within which value con on which product it is. docs not the future of a hundred billion dollar-plus international industry flictsare to be politically resolved, nor energy needed for social welfare to which all major governments have committed immense ro try to exclude the public from dis depend on what mix of goods and ser �esources and prestige. cussion and decision, nor to claim any vices citizens personal values lead monopoly of wisdom or jurisdiction. It them ro prefer? Since careful analysb Amongst the many good articles that have appeared in is not for them, as Leprince-Ringuet suggests that some high energy socie magazines and newspapers which contribute to the general suggesrs, to commit "us" to nuclear ties could produce the same output education of us all, I have chosen this work by the physicist power without waiting "for the public as today {if that i� desirable) with 10 be fully informed", nor, as Jammet about half as much energy as now- Amory Lovins forHABITAT GUIDE after consultation with a and Dousser urge, to enforce official with greater social wdfan.•, with fuller number of scientists. policy in the face of "astounding . , . and more broadly basctd <;mployment. Now is the time for serious thought and discussion. ignorance" and "lack of logic". Such with greater plurali�m atid at far lower Habitat Forum is a special opportunity for aJI of us to make practices would · sacrifice accounta cosr--how can responsible scientists bility and o'ther democratic principles advocate further energy growth in up our minds on this most grave threat to the stability and in favour of government by the elire. such countries? Idennficauon of security of life on Mother Earth. Now that political discus No expert has the right to be blindly nuclear growth with world social needs sions of nuclear power are starting to mature in several coun believed by anyone, just as no premise must, I think, be considered an ideolo· tries, it is time to untangle the main threads of the contro has the right to go unchallenged, as gical rather rhan a scientific argument, versy. This article deserves careful study. Jammet and Dousset would have us as no intellectually respectable justi· believe, simply because it is govern fication for it has been published Dalton McCarthy, Co-ordinator, ment policy. anywhere. Nuclear Progra11YatHabitat Forum When experts disagree, as they It is astonishing, too, to see the often do, you may feel unable to re energy sector's most costly, complex, solve their technical differences for vulnerable, high risk, unforgiving, Untangling the nuclear debate by Amory Lovins yourself. But often what looklike tech highly bureaucrarized high technology nical differences are simply differen advocated as an appropriate develop In five recent issues of Development Forum, six scientists (Edward TeUer ces of personal values and are, there ment tool. December 1974; Hannes Alfven--April 1975; Louis Leprince-Ringuet-June-July fore, easy for non-experts to judge. A new report to the US Energ_v ' 1975; Sir John Hill--October 1975; and Henri-PaulJammet and Marcel Dousset- ror example, nuclear questions Research and Development Adminis December 197S) have considered whether nuclear power is safe, clean, economic often turn on information that is tration {ERDA-52, I 9i5) has S\'Stema or necessary. The great diversity of these views, and especiaUy their failure to unknown or ,unknowable-human tically demolished every possible basis address the same set of issues, must be confusing to people who have not read behaviour, poorly understood physical of the nuclear export programme, widely in the Seid. Therefore,I should like,to try to clarify what these six scien or biological effects, geological or mainly on economic grounds. Even tists were, or should have been, arguing about. But, to begin with, I must st2te social contingencies--and the uncer on a cost-per-unit output basis, ler three premises with which, with the exception of Alfven, the other scientists do tainty will be construed by some alone an initial invesrmenr basis. not to appear agree: people as grounds for caution, but by nuclear power is generally dearer than • The _first duty of a scientist ad • The most important, difficult and others as a license to plunge ahead, its competitors (about one third dearer dressing the public on a technical sub· neglected questions of energy and depending on per5onal temperament in the USA in 1974, forexample, accor ject is to call attention to professional nuclear policy are not mainly technical and professional imperatives. Many ding to tht: 15 November 1975 Elec disagreements and uncertainties so as or economic, but rather social and disputed nuclear hazards involve alle trical World)--and is incomparably not to create a false impression that ethical Responsible exploration of gedly rare events or low level, long dearer than non-electrical technologies matters in dispute are actually re ,l ,blems is accordingly the right term effects for which we lack by defi or improving end-u�, efficiencies. It solved. Disputed matters are by defi not merely of technical ex- nition an actuarial base. Should we is thus nor �urprising that the World Bank does not financ<" nudear exports nition opinions, not facts,and must be p, of everyone. In the sphere then assume safety because hazard so presented. Thus, statements about ot t 1c, ,I judgements and social is not proved, or potential hazard because they do nor me<·t the Bank's the likelihood and severity of reactor ,·.1lu he opinion of any technical because safety is not proved? That is tests of economic soundncss accidents or sabotage, the behaviour ,·,pN· 1> ,·ntaled to no special weight. not a rechnical quesrion. A pre,•alc:nt confusion be1ween 19 HABITAT GUIDE use energy become politically remote THE NUCLEAR DEBATE Likewise, if we want to protect the Persian Gulf can afford ever to nuclear wastes from geological con· electri£y most of its economy. Nuclear from those who supply and regulate it. energy and electricity, which needs to Central authorities must impose tingencies for at least the first mo power, like coal synthetics, oil shale be cleared up, is propagated by seve energy facilities and their perceived ments of the required geological, or and tar sands, is so complex and costly ral of the previous articles on nuclear risks on people who want neither (par rather theological, periods (tens of that nobody can afford it on a big power. Most of the energy flows im scale. It is a future technology whose ticularlyas the operators are unwilling millions of years, so' that no respon· portant to humanity today are solar. time has passed. to bea,, the risks themselves). Inter sible geologist can guarantee any The patiently evolved photosynthetic regional conflicts intensify. A divisive storage site), we shall need hierarchal reactions in our harvested plants Because of this great capital inten· form of centrifugal politics comes to social rigidity or homogeneity so that involve far more energy than our use sity, if we try to build many reactors, dominate national energy decisions. the technological priesthood can go of oil. Even in the more anthropocen electricity must become so dear that about its business undisturbed by Cennalized electrification has other tric and industrial sense, most of the people cannot b much of it; or else socialunrest. Likewise too, if we want uy political effects,roo. An energy system fuel flows in many developing coun not enough money will be left over in to make nuclear violence and coercion so complex and costly that only a tries are non-<:ommercial fuels-such the economy to build the non-energy more difficult, we shall need more privileged technical elite can run it as woodand dung-which do not show devices that were supposed to use all repressiveness and abrogation of tra hardly seems a good way to enhance in statistics. Finally, even in developed" that electricity; or both. For example, ditional civil liberties. There is a distributional equity within rich but countries, most of the fossil fuel is President Ford's 1976 to 1985 US growing professional and lay literature inequitable nations-let alone in a used directly, and only a small frac energy programme would cost a on all these issues. It shows that the world where two or three billjon people tion-typically one sj.xth to one fourth current GNP-year, or one million mil greater our technical success in re have no electricpoints nor anything to as electricity. Most of the end-use lion in today's dollars, three quarters ducing the hazards, the greater must plug into them. It is curious that energy needs are in the form of heat of it for electrification; thus nearly two be our political loss. appeals for more electricity with which and typically half is low temperature thirds of all money traditionally avail to help the poor come often from heat. But let ussuppose for a moment chat able for US investment in houses, utilities companies that have consis Electricity is important for electro all these worries are unfounded and roads, schools, hospitals, factories, tently charged the poor several times nics, telecommunications, lighting, chat nuclear power is, in fact, as safe, · national parks and everything else as much per unit as they have charged smelting, electrochernistry, welding, dean, cheap and socially benign in outside the energy secto� would have big industrial users. mass transit and small motors, but all these together are a small fraction .,� Big electrical systems are the most 11 prone of any t� technological depen (five to ten per cent) of developed 0 countries' end-use energy needs. The 0 dence and commercial monopoly, and u they cannot be transferred without end-uses that require electricity in � such countries already have more than bringing with them inappropriate cul .,.. GENERATOR tural values and patterns. The scale enough. Further electrification only E and complexity of big electrical grids, supplies heat as electricity-an ex -,.. tremely inefficient and costly long way coupled with the difficulty of storing -ound, RADIOACTIVE electricity in bulk, also mak:e them Electrification is proposed in many FINITE uniquely vulnerable to disruption by countries not because it is the best accident or malice-hence, io inducing way to meet people's energy needs, +. stringent social controls, or perhaps but because nuclear power offers no / I\ drastic and sophisticated police action, other option. The real need is not for HEAT to discourage disruption. How far electricity, as Hill claims, but for lllll • ij would governments go to protect from energy in a form appropriate to the e physical risks--even from political cask at hand. Hence, the alternatives risks--a basket full of such costly and to nuclear stations are not only coal essential eggs? What are the political fired stations but also conservation, consequences of committing such a direct use of fuels and "energy "Electricity is important for electronics. telecommunications, lighting, large fraction of a society's capital to income" technologies--those which smelting, electrochemistry. welding, mass transit and small motors, but all technical, economic and political risks these together are a small fraction (five to ten percent) of developed outside that society's control? rely on the natural energy flows that countries' end-use energy needs." are always there whether we use them Finally, because centralized and or not. itself as some of its advocates would to be consumed by that sector alone.· electrified high technologies ta.kc so In making this wide choice, we have us beUeve. Let us suppose fur Ir is for such fundamental economic as very much time, money and skill to should bear in mind chat each environ ther that they have published all the well as political reasons that I think develop and deploy, any commitment mental or biophysical risk of nuclear relevant technical and economicdata nuclear power is already dead in the to them tends effectively ro foreclose power brin gs with it a socio-political now secret in most countries-so chat USA. other options, both directly and indi risk. we can be satis6edof this. What then? What are the social implications of recdy (for example, by developing in For example, there is no scientific What are the socialand political impli• such capital intensity? Clearly, at fluential constituencies dedicated ro basis for calculating the likelihood or cations of the kind of centralized, elec tempts to divert scarce resources to continuing such a commitment, or by the maximum long-term effects of trifled energy system chat nuclear electrification (hence away from social discouraging good technologists from_ nuclear accidents or sabotage, nor for power entails? priorities with weaker constituencies) devoting their careers to areas lacking guaranteeing that the effects will not To stai-i" exploring this important require a strong central authority, perceived political support). exceed a particular level. We know question, let us observe that nuclear bypass traditional market mecha These arguments suggest that if only that all our precautions are, for power is about 50 to 100 times as nisms, create severe political stress, fundamental reasons, inherently im· capital-intensive as the traditional and greatly concentrate political and nuclear �WI:!�ere in itself environ perfect in an unknown degree. But direct fossil fuel systems on which economic power. The enormous in mentally and socially admirable, it would still be a bad idea because of the different people will assess the industrial economies have been built. vestment requires near optimization sort of energy system it would lock us hazards differently, and both to deal The investment needed today to deli of use, so the nature and paqerns of into. And even if-which is not the with that dissent and to reduce the ver a kilowatt of nuclear energy to energy end use must be made to con· case--nobody perceived this to be so, imperfections that give rise to the consumers in the mid-t 980's is at form to the requirements of tli,e source nuclear power could still not possibly hazards, we would need social engi· · least $3,000 in today's dollars, and of supply. Settlement patterns, hence do what we expect of it. neering. We can already see that the. more Ukely S4,000 to S5,000, if we political power, must thus become inability of our political institutions to count the whole system and not just more urbanized. It is then politically fts proponents talk loosely of need cope with nuclear risk--insensible, the reactor. This capital intensity is possible to impose the separable social ing it for the next few decades because exotic, long-term, catastrophic, dis· much greater than for big fossil-fueled costs of electrification on a politically we are short of fuels. Since these puted, unknown, unknowable--is electrical systeJ!ls, but both kinds are weak minority of rural agrarians, pro supporters give no numerical data, I straining both their competence and . so costly to build that as the strategic ducing inequities that later find poli shall. If world conversion of commer their perceived legitimacy. Trends planners of the Shell Group in London tical expression. Control over who will cial energy grew by only three per cent towards dirigiste autarchy and elitist (among others) concluded several have how much energy at what price technocracy are appearing. years ago, no major country outside becomes centralized, and people who cont'd 20 HABITAT GUIDE THE NUCLEAR DEBATE shall no longer have enough readily conversion ( especially to methanol for mark, Sweden, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. But per year (about half the historic rate), available fossil fuelsto form a credible the transport sector), and sophisti cated wind technologies including the the same basic principles are as sound and if we could commission (not just bridge. Thus we mustjump for either ( r for developing countries, which also start building) one new 1000-megawatt the "sof " or the "hard" path before promising non-electrical ones). tend to have more year-round solar nuclear station per day, starting now, they diverge much further, and we Progr�ss with ,such "sofr" techno input. The needs of people in all then in 2000, we should still be getting cannot pursue both simultaneously thirds logies, and even with "harde," ones countries are much the same-heating, over two of our primary energy with sufficient priority to make either such as geothermal and photothermal cooling, cooking, lighting, pumping, from fossil fuels, burnt nearly half as feasible. fast conversion, has been very rapid lately, travelling-and can be admirably met again as now. Moreover, such a �a. I caneavin ge a three-plODged and people who say soft technologies by relatively small-scale technologies large nuclear system would cost tens energyatrategj of which the first part �e all far in the future are very much today's ls wide-aging energy conservation, based on sun, wind and conversion of of millions of millions of dol out of touch. Efficien� solar heating, to particularly in developedCOW1tries. Its organic wastes clean fuels. Such lars; would encounter formidable re for example, is commercially available but economic and social benefits have technologies require good straight-. source, manpower, political and land and is -now cheaper than electric already been mentioned. Its envuon forward engineering. We know they use constraints; is probably ten times heating in the US, most of Europe, and mental and geopolitical benefits are work. They can use local skills and ma as big as we could actually build in that even southern Canada. In some areas, obvious. It does not require or imply terials to suit local conditions, -are time; would reject enough heat to it is cheaper than direct fuel heating. to privation, repreulveaeu or coercion. understandable and easy maintian, warm the earth's whole freshwater The barriers to its use are no longer two and fit modem ideas of "eco-develop· run-off by degress Centigrade; If done properly, it will substantially technical or economic but institutional ment", rural and agricultural develop- and would make about enough pluto inaeue socialwelfare. -mortgage regulations, building ment, and local autonomy. Technical nium for a bomb each minute. Finally, out Later, this �ategy would entail codes, of date architects. In fouror cooperation with industrial countries if somehow we could build reactors soft grass roots value chan_ges which I five decades, it can meet, even in most working on technologies would be so quiclcly, it would take so much thinkare already occurring in Western cities, a substantial fraction of all our useful but need not lead to depen energy 10 build and fuel them that th_e Europe and NorthAmerica, and which energy needs; about half, in much of dence or .stifle local initiative: self nuclear programme at 2000 would pro are a natural result of realizing the Western Europe, for example. reliance is inherent in the nature of the bably have consumed more energy consequences of not conserving ener Thirdly, during the 40 to 50 years it technologies. than had produced-a transient gy.· For the moment though, we need it takes to construct an economy of important -There is also an important geopoli· effect, but an one-and we only a commitment to improve social energy income, we should use fossil tical dimension to this strategy of would still have 100 much electricity welfare with lime or no growth in toolittle fuels in "transitional" technologies, entirely bypassing nuclear energy. To but oil and gas. primary energy conversion and, if adaptable to the soft technologies so Teller, Alfven and I.eprince-Ringuet Is there a different sort of path that (Hill and Jammer and Dousset do not is able to meet our energy needs, par mention it), proliferation of nuclear ticularly in developing countries? I power--originally a quasi-civilianspin think there is. Fust, I must make a off of military technology••implies the basic point about strategy and timing. eventual re-emergence of rhe military Many advocates of nuclear po- ny technology in the public or private we need it as a stopgaf, combined sector. with coal and fluid fuels, until "uiti Leprince-Ringuer 's answer is to mate sources" (fusion, or aolar with or worry and hope. Teller's is "not to wi.thout geothermal, or both) become abstain", but rather to find out "how available at some hazytime in the - to prevent war", spreading -strategic cehtury. But I contend that: materials around the world under safe-: • O:uiserving energy, especially in guards that are jneffectual or repres developed countries, is a much chea sive, or (probably) both, whilst we per, more benign, more effective sup to seek 10 solve the basic problems of plement fossil fuels than is nuclear human aggression rhat have plagued power during the period of ''bridging" to our species throughout its biological whatever comes next, and is indeed history. According to this bold vision, essential if the situation is to be the risk that "the elimination of the tractable at all; causes of war" might continue to elude • A diverse range of "soft'' energy us whilst the materiel for even more technologies--those that rely on energy devastating war reaches ever more income rather than energy capital, hands is a risk we should and must are relatively decentralized (on a to MILL POWER: An old vlllage windmill, a working monument to the rake. It is all right, we are told, have house or neighbourhood or village forces of natural energy, stands defiant, beneath the concrete in 20 years some 20,000 bombs' worth scale), are relatively low-technology cooling towers of the modern power station. of strategic material each year in (which does not mean unsophisti transit as an item of commerce within cated), and meet end-use needs direct desired, with no significant changes that we can plug them in as they rhe same international community rhat ly at high efficiency (supplying elec• in lifestyles. Then we can consider the arrive. has never been able to stop terrorism, tticity only for end-uses which require possibility of longer-term structural A fluidized-bed coal burner· that bank ro!,bcries, hijackings, or the it)-could, if we wished, meet practi· changes that could result in dramatic operates both turbines and neighbour black market in heroin. Somehow we cally all our energy needs about 50 energy shrinkage in many industrial hood-scale district heating is an exam shall not get blown up, or if we do, it years from now, at reasonable cost and countries while continuing to improve ple of an attractive, economic, appro will be for our own good. Similarly, it the quality of life-for ezample, by with essentially zero risk of technical priately scaled transitional technology was argued around 1950 that if hydro retaining voluntary mobility whilst failure; that is now available. The object of gen bombs were built, people would decreasing involuntary traffic, where • Because these "soft" technologies such technologies would be to use be so frightened that war would cease. we work to buy a car without which are comparatively small and simple, fossil fuels briefly and sparingly for Yet armed conflict is said to continue we could build them much faster than we can't get to work (owing to the the sole purpose of building a SO-year today in some 200 parts of the world. an equivalent capacity of big high settlement patterns created by cars). bridge to economy based on energy without And the threat of the accidental or technologies; Secondly, we abould stut income. Our fossil fuels, especially deliberate use of hydrogen bombs is delay a larje programme to �vel , • Enough "soft" technologies are op coal (whichan we know how to mine and still with us. As might have been demomtrate and deploy a wide range already available, and enough others burn farmore cleanly than we do now), expected, giving guns to a roomful of of small-sea.leenergy-income technolo soon will be, so that we could �tart are ample for this purpose, and we quarrelsome men did not stop them gies, maldag full - of eJlisting tech deploying them now; need not burn them much faster than from fighting, but only increased the nical resources (such u the auto • If, however, we continue with today. risk of their shootingeach other. mobile industry), but taldng care to nuclear power, its direct and indirect So far I have considered mainly a Can we do better? I think we can. I . encourage local initiative and innova demandson our money, time and skills strategy for developed countries. It think it is possible, indeed can be . tion, too. Top priority should go first will effectively foreclose the "soft'' looks attractive when calculated for made likely by internal and extem:al option by delaying it so long that we to solar beating and cooling, organk. countries as diverse as Japan, Den- cont'd H.'l!31T.�TGUIDE_ 21 pressures, that the US will move, in could switch to nuclear power, and need instead is 10 trunk backwards energy is not enough to solve the the next 6ve or ten years, to tum off that this would be a far wiser invest &om. where we want to be 50 years ancient problems of the human spirit; nuclear power all over the world. Such ment of the cheap capital and cheap &om now. Then we can discover the and second, that the technologists who ' an effort could succeed because essen fossil fuels that we shall never have existence of radically different and claim they can satisfy Alfvcn's condi ; tiaUy all countries' nuclear pro again. Such a policy clearly involves previously invisible pc,licypaths before tion that "no acts of God can be per t- � grammes depend on each others', and much social change, as docs any it is too late to adopt them. mitted" are guilty of hubris--the -.. ultimately on the US's for either tech long-term energy future. We still have time-thoug,b barely human sin of divine arrogance. We : nical or (more importantly) political The question is what kind of social enough-to choose technologies that have today an opportunity-perhaps �' support. The domestic, technical and change do you want. I have already reflect human values under human our last--to start to foster in our society ;•. political base for their own nuclear control, not those promoted by techno a greater humility, one that springs ,;< outlined some of the social conse • programmes has not yet fully merasta- quences of a high-energy, centralized, logists who cannot distinguish "can" from an appreciation of the essential � sized. Such a unilateral US policy electrified, nuclear policy. Research in from "should". We can still recycle frailty of the human design. a > should, I think, be part of two broader several countries is now suggesting the dormant traditional values-thrift, .,: and equally principled policies: first, neighbourliness, craftsmanship,diver that those lcinds of social change are Amory Lovinsis consultant physicist to help other interested countries. (both sity, simplicity-that built lasting soci a considerably less pleasant, less plausi concentrating on energy and resource directly and by a strong· example at eties not so long ago. And we can still : ble and less consonant with traditional strategy. He has collaborated with • home) to conserve energy and use come to see more clearly an important values than are the kinds of social several UN Agencies, OECD, the "soft" technologies; and second, to change that could mal:e a lower diHerence in perspective about o,an International Federation of Institutes �tart to discuss conrrol of civilian energy, "softer" path worl:. For this and ltls works, one that underlies the for Advanced Study, the MIT work f15sion technology, non-proliferation, reason, people in your country should whole nuclear conrroversy. Some shop on Alternative Energy Strategies and strategic arms reduction as inter be studying implications of a very people, impressed and fascinated by the and the Science Councilof Canada. related parts of the same problem. wide range of energy choices, using the glittering achievements of techno That is the best cha.nee I can see of the very latest information available logy, say that if we will only have faith breaking the cycle of hypocrisy that {much of which is not even published in human ingenuity (theirs), we shall has prevented arms conrrol from yet, because it is so recent that it still witness the Second Coming of Prome getting anywhere. just circulates amongst the people theus, bringingus undreamed of free In e;;-sen��proposing a prompt doing tltls kind of research). Vigorous dom and plenty. Some other people redirection of national resources to grass roots eJtploration of these issues think we should plan on something wards the "��e and efficient use of is essential. Energy planners have more modest, lest we 6nd instead energy. and towardi. its eJttracrion tended to worlc forwards through time undreamed-of tyrannies and perils, ••• from renewable Oows. I believe 1ba1 by incremental ad-hocracy, one power and that even if we had an unlimited even such dependent countries as station after the nCJCt, without seeing energysource, we would lack the dis.:i • Denmark and Japan can do this at (until 100 late) where the sum of micro pline to use it wisely. Such people are least as quickly and cheaply as they decisions was leading them. 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Designed Clothing & Art works. 13 La Bought Ami, 3619 W.4th, 734-1912 5 Easy Living Design, 3618 W.4th, 738-0531 Gallery Handcrafted Furniture, Toys & Household items. 14 A-1 Bakery & Delicatessen 6 The Comicshop, 3638 W.4th, 738-8122 3637 W.4th, 732-6923 Posters, Prints & Science Fiction Books. 15 An9elica's Restaurant, 3639 W.4th, 732-1616 7 Leyland Jewellery, 3642 W.4th, 733-8248 Crepes, Salads, Soups. 8 Corky's Hairstyling, 3644 W.4th, 731-4191 16 Jerry's Cove, 3681 W.4th., Licensed Premises 9 Smart Set Cleaners, 3660 W.4th, 738-4611 17 Bank of Montreal, 3695 W.4th ,· TECHNOLOGY Technologyis the means survival a little easier. by which the creative hu A balance must now be man mind has an effect found that reduces the de upon the world, by which mand upon fossils fuels and we use the planet for our the rapid depletion of finite continuing survival. Every natural resources, and of pro tool we use at every scale viding the means of progress of activity Is a function to destitute people at a scale of technology. 'appropriate' to their needs. From knife, fork and spoon Intermediate technology through to six-story-nigh strip advocate E.F. Schumacher mining earth-eaters to intricate has defined four criteria for micro-mini computer circuit balancing the scales: a) small ry , all are devices of tech ness; b) simplicity; c) capital nology. In tribal societies, cheapness and d) non-violence technological tools are vital (i.e. ecological sensitivity). in the perpetual struggle for Criteria such as these call survival on the land. In the for more equitable distribution industrialized world, tech of the means for develop niques continue to be evolved ment overall. In poor societies, that aspire to transcend the this can mean - sjmply and human condition of work as basically - a better life. we have known it. In terms familiar to North On one end of the scale of Americans, appropriateness technology, industrialized of-scale infers a re-orientation nations tend towards giantism of our values that can lead and mass production. Far on to a revitalized social system the other end, the poorest - a rhythm that can feel of the poor need the most better, that is closer to the simple techniques for making earth. SEISUKE I UKUOKA HABITAT GUIDE 23 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION Transportation is the An emphasis is needed on vehicle for commerce and more public transit, and the the physical link between discouragement of the car in people. By land, water and dense urban areas. Better still, through the air, our modes social services and employ of transit connect settle merit opportunities car:i be ments together. And while decentralized and located transportation is the net closer to residential neigh work · for moving goods bourhoods. (This, of course, and people, communica implies clean industrial tech tion is the exchange of nology.) ideas and information at Transportation routes should rates approaching 'the support livable regions for speed of light. people. People, in turn, must Historically, human settle define for themselves the ments have grown up around elements of a healthy com transportation routes and munity. And this is where points of transfer. Where the recent developments in settlement patterns used to communications techniques be compact aml pedestrian and technologies can play an oriented ,, the introduction of integral role - in makin§ the automobile has stretched available all the information and expanded settlements at that is necessary for complete a fantastic rate of growth. and truly representative de Until receAtly, cheap fossil cisions. fuels have supported sub Computer storage of perti urban sprawl and its partner, nent facts, simulation dis the highway. The North plays of· planning options American commuter lifestyle (transcending the written and has contributed to traffic spoken word), transmission congestion, air pollution and of information anywhere by inefficient city office cores satellite, all these 20th century that sit empty b"etween5 p.m. 'marvels' can now be applied and 8a.m. to solving our most immediate Also, quick road construc problems. tion has encouraged land For the resolution . of dis speculation and exploitation, parity amongst the people of therel'>y distorting natural Earth, the more efficient ap relationships between the plication of transportation 'character' of a land area technology and a more univer and the actual use to which sal access to communication it is put. techniques each have an essential role to play. 24 HABITAT GUIDE PLANETARY BIRTHRIGHT Within the ideal, every is illiterate and completely person born onto this _Pl�n without choice. tlful planet has certain in Machines are developed alienable rights to t�e to do the work of a hundred basics of a wholesome hands (meaning more profit life. These are: food & for the few), while a hundred water, shelter, c�othing, million scramble for scraps healthcare, education, op and any opportunity to work. portunity and choice for The extremes of such in meaningful employment. equality are quite under standably beyond the com While the means to accom prehension of most of the plish the ideal standard for well-fed. How can such in everyone are real enough, our value system greatly dis justice and desparity be torts the end results. happening? . Westerners eat large por Answers must come in the tions of meat while some four same breath as solutions. hundred million children are No political, philosophical, or starved of protein. Massive economic panacea will suf industrial complexes and our fice. lavish '5-gallon flush' toilets In a world where we can consume and spoil great send human beings to the moori to pick up rocks, we quantities of water, while so must surely be able to dis very many do not even have tribute the earth's great wealth clean water to drink. more evenly for people City office cores are empty everywhere. . and desolate at night while Realizing a planetary birth millions sleep in hovels. The right for all inhabitants is just heights of fashion consume the start. The real step for all sorts of advertising energy and call for daily change of ward is providing the means apparel, while great numbers for self-determination, where live in tattered rags. we can contribute to the University complexes quality of communities fit for house so-called 'students', nature-sensitive human many of whom are sleepy, beings. spoiled and removed from Can anything less be called the street reality, while the 'civilization'? great majority of humanity z J: gz iii J: J: u ii: zr 1/) z < J: HABITAT GUIDE 25 ,, PLANNING Planning is the process sionals' interpret the needs of interpreting the needs and wants and then tell the of the future and then people what they are going shaping development to to get. When the people af fit that interpretation. fected by the decisions made Decisions for planning are are brought into the plaflning based upon the informa process, conflicting and tion and values that are complex problems enter along considered important to too. Conventional planning those in position to effect methods are quickly seen to development patterns. be outdated, overloaded and Economic development incapable of truly reflecting guided by the ideal of most multi-dimensional input. rapidly-achi evabl e-rate- of - New planning methods are growth has resulted in over needed whereby the pertinent concentration of populations, elements can be placed in uncontrolled environmental understandable 'patterns of toxins, disparity of opportuni choice', so that the most ty from region to region. The appropriate decisions can be guarded value of 'big profit made at any scale of develop now' planning decisions are ment. Within our world of made by the few but affect rapid technological growth, the much greater majority. every person can now be in The planning process has volved in the decisions that been a one-way communica affect their life. All that we tion, whereby the 'profes- await is the ·political will'. MANFRE01:R<.:LRELURAUN ' 26 HABITAT GUIDE Welcome to visitors La Quiche LOCAi HABITAT and delegates CREPERIE RESTAURANT FRANCAIS 1428 MARINE DRJVE In the first two issues of HABITAT CABLE COVERAGE WEST VANCOUVER. B.C. GUIDE, we reported on the many local From 7 a.m. until midnight every your b0s1 ANDRE groups and activities in and around dav until Hab11at ends. all the com Vancouver that were ongoing in the m�nity cabl<· channels in the lower spirit of Habitat. Mainl�nd form a �-pecial network called Habitat Station. With this, our special conference . BienvenueSteak Tartare aux issue, we are noting what some of This far-ranging cable network . broadcast includcs the famous Habitat . visiteurset Tarte d'HABITAT Tattin these groups are doing at and for the . . Films, liw coverage of the govern conference itself. ' We have kept the information ments' and the people's conference, ·. .. / and special news updates. general--and brief-because a list of If you don't go downtown or out to • speakers, topics and detailed program th•· Forum at Jericho Beach, then ,,. , ••• � # , descriptions would fill our entire watch the action of Habitat on Habitat Laura Secord Candy Shops Ltd magazine all by themselves. Station. Please note that we may have missed including somebody along the .ART GALLERY HABITAT WEST OPEN Tuesday - Saturdav way because of space limitations or Lunch & Dinner Night Shift, the Vancouver An simply because we didn't hear about 12:00-2:00, 5:30-11:00 Gallery's contribution to Habitat, is an you in time for publication. If this is Sunday, 5:00-10:00 innovative late-night programme of the case, we extend our apologies. performing arts. Three times every Barbecued Salmon However, the first issue of HABI night between June 1st and 10th at TAT WEST, to be published after the HABITAT WEST 10:00 p.m., 11 :30 p.m. and I :00 a.m., �' conference, will contain continuing Vancouver artists will perform. information on local community· As co-ordinator Dorothy Metcalfe :_:_,:�,- seepage3 oriented groups, organizations, acti describes it: vities, programs, etc., as well as 'The Night Shift at the GaUery was featuring a review of the conference conceived not only as a salute to itself. Habitat and a tribute to the many art If the coming of Habitat has in Kt/�S BLACK ists who choose to live and work and creased_ your inrcrest in the world grow and contribute to this city's delicious around you, then tum to page 3 to get FOREST cultural landscape. It's also a special B.C. Salmon your first issue of HABITAT WEST. invitation to Vancouver's often-over STEAK & barbecued Specific times and locations for looked "night people"-the shift SCHNITZEL workers, the insomniacs, the gregar Indian Fashion those Habitat Conference programs HOUSE which are sponsored by local people ious, the lonely, the 'just-no-time-in over real alder logs can be found in several ways. The my-day-for this' sort of people. Now DOWNTOWN same sources provide the overall there's a Night Shift at the Gallery and grand schedule of events for every· it's mostly for you." Kejac's Steak & Salmon Hous� VANCOUVER thing related to Habitat; The Gallery is located in Vancouver 1550 Main St. 684-7266 Tel: il.87-8788 I. The Habitat Pavilion is located in on Georgia street between Bute and live entertainmentweekends front of the Courthouse in downtown Thurlow. WELCOME Vancouver on Georgia between Homby and Howe. It has been built LIVABLE REGION especially as an informationcentre and The Greater Vancouver Regional can provide all the details on rhe U.N. District is looking ten years ahead at Sessions, on Habitat Forum activities, the growth and development of this on Festival Habitat, the Crafts fair, all area. Towards-planningthe shape and the film screenings, and on every size of the G.V.R.O. for 1986, a public special event. Our centre-fold map information display and questionnaire shows all roads and routes leading to has been made available to citizens in the Habitat Pavilion, as well as the lower Maipland municipalities over special bus routes to the Forum and to the past months. U.B.C. This exhibition will be open to con 2. Habitat Station broadcasts con ference activity all day every day on sideration and inguiries at the Forum the community channel for cable T.V. for the duration of Habitat, so that subscribers. localpeople can express their views on the future of this region and for 3. Building number 6 on our visitors to see such a processin acrion. CUSTOM DESIGNED Habitat Forum map contains an infor mation centre for the Forum pro STAINED GLASS ceedings. Once you are down on the WESTWATER site. there's lots to see and do. The Research lnstitute's bookon the Windows - Tiffany Lamps. deteriorating condition of the Fraser 4. The special telephdne number for RESIDENTIAL: COMMERCIAL all questions about what's happening River, including recommendations on where and when for Habitat is how 10 maintain the health of this AND CHURCH COMMISSIONS. 689-6222. great water body. becomes available in RESTORATION AND APPRAISALS A special effort should be made 10 June. It is entitled The Uncertain take part in some aspect of this super Future of the Lower Fraser, and will DECOR STUDIO OF STAINED GLASS event. Habitat is rhe first of its kind in cost S3.50. the history of North America. The Westwater provides a series of 3733 West 10th Ave. range of cultural and educational informativebulletins on water ecology. Vancouver, B.C., Canada activities is truly remarkable. Don't For more information, phone Ph. (604) 228-9616 let Habitat pass you bv. 228--1956. HABITAT GUIDE 27 LOCAL HABITAT STREETS HABITAT WEST FOR PEOPLE Hometown Communications, the publisher of HABITAT GUIDE, June 5th is World Enviro�entDay. announces a new magazine. It's called It is one day chosen forpeople to chink ,ambutan HABITAT WEST and is designed to about the condition 0£ the planet and ke you in touch with the groups and our possible futures. ep activities that have appeared in the Since this dace falls during Habitat, threeissues of the GUIDE. Ethnic fabric, clothing, and a world-wide event is happening chat As well as, reporting on our local rdates to the earth's environment jewellery from Java, Bali, human settlement in and around Van through the themes of hµman settle Malaysia and Thailand. oouver, HABITAT WEST will continue ments. to ,follow-up on the intentions set We have an affectionate Some 140 countries around the during the U.N. conference. place in our hearts for world are closing streets to vehicular To receive your copy, complete the trafficon Wo,ld EnvironmentDay this browsers. "clip-out" on page 3. If you have any year. When added !,O chose settle information that deserves public ments chat already have traffic-&ee attention, send that along too. zones for pedestrians, some 300 cities and towns will be part of a global - Gaslight Square Gastown 669-8013 Streets for People celebration for - 3712 W. 10th Avenue 224-4220 Haoitat. HOPE VILLAGE Here in Habitat hometown itself, Hope Village is a programat Habitat streets in three separate parts of Van Forum centered upon Spirit in Com couver will be filled with festivity on lDUllity. A collection of temporary this Special Saturday, June 5th. As structures will house discussions, part of Festival Habitat, the ethnic displays and an area especially for community of Chinatown has prepared meditation. h{l a special program that even includes The schedule includes an idea fish bitat... the ancient Dragon Dance . exchange on spiritually-based com ... produces a major part of the world's food. The cobbled streets of Gastown will munities such as Auroville and Find Human settlements must be planned be alive with music, dance and extra horn, notable speakers &om a wide attractions. range of followings, and a series of to protect this resource. aaua And the merchants 0£ Robson Street seminars on sacred music and archi We can help. �•::i-1 �• tl- - ,o tecture. environmental consultants ltd. Internationale open a special market 3!>•0 CO\iMERCIAl STREET VANCOUVER. 8 C CAKADA (60-tl873 ,ws place, complete with street-theatre, Consult the Forum program hands and wandering minstrels. schedules fordetails. SPARKLE CCNR bay view CLEANERS The Canadian Coalition for Nuclear SOCIAL EDUCATION delicatessen 1739 Robson Street Responsibility co-ordinates more than The Symposium on Social Welfare opp. Safeway feinkost forty anti-nuclear groups across in Human Settlements takes place at Canada. The primary objective of the Tel. 681-0816 import the School of Social Work at U.B.C. I coalition is the foll disclosure of all I I ltd. and is beit\g held in conjunction with NOW 30% OFF I information pertinent to Canada's Habitat. The purpose of the Sympo KARL & IRMA GROHS technological and econopuc involve sium is to bring people experienced in REGULAR PRICE I ,I, - ment with nuclear energy. I 1745 Aobwn St helping the disadvantaged together ON ALL DRY CLEANING Vancouvet, B.C. Atomic Energy of Canada is a Crown for an. idea exchange. The Sympo PHONE 874-2421 for FREI; Phone· 681 9636 Corpor�tion engaged in the exporta sium will promote the implementation PICK-UP & DELIVERY l 12 W. 15th Avenue tion of plutonium-producing CANDU o£ more effective social welfare Corner ot !..onsdate/15th reactors to non-nuclear countries policies by organizations and govern ,· North V�ncouver. B.C. OPEN 8 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. giving even more goyernments in an ments at all levels. Phone· 988 6412 unstable world the means to produce Fot more information, phone Prof. atomic weapons .. Marg Hill or Prof. Richard Splane at Such nuclear sales contracts lock 2211-3251. Canada into a nuclear future. CCNR demands a complete public accounta· ACROPOL RESTAURANT bility of Canadian nuclear enel'gy INTERFAITH GREEK KITCHEN policy. Phone 263-7831. Interfaith Habitat Forum is an ecu specialties menical representation to rhe non NSA governmental program at Jericho Moussaka Aginar Frikasse The Neighbourhood Services Asso Beach. The primary emphasis of Inter Souvlaki with Pita Shish Kebab ciation of Greater Vancouver welcomes faith is on the spiritual aspects of its international counterparts to this people meeting each other. Doi math es city during Habitat. fHF maintains a booth during the and The International Neighbourhood conference to co-ordinate activities Greek Salada Services Conference will take place such as: at U.B.C., parallel to Habitat Forum. --invitations into congregational The subject of this 12th Interna communities 2964 W. Broadway PH: 733-2412 tional Conference is Participation in -special Habitat Worship services Local Development, and is based upon -requests for attending groups or the belief in the ability of people to individuals to visit locally govern themselves andto be integrally -personal tours for guests to Van involved in management of community couver services. For further information, phone For more information, phone 261-5011 or visit the booth at Jericho 731-6511. Beach. L--211------�------.U...ADl:T!A"'f!:'-).llll!\.CJo Betty-Ann Buss or Susan Evans at 732-1496. OM/PLEX The urth regional conference of NFB We'reA UNIQUE a gallery-outl Cl.AY et the P 'fie Coast communications The National Film Board. of Canada for EXPERIENCE12 local potterswho commu ity sponsors a special exposi has provided several settlements work communally. We related films for Habitat. Among the offer pottery from ft.mc tion on communications tools for tlonal to sculptural . at human settlements at Habitat Forum 1 titles are the Board's special produc the lowest posslbl� on Monday evening, May 31st at. tion, A Sense of Place, as well as Cree prices. 7:30 p.m. Hunters of Mistassini, a film about RAKU0STONEWARE 0 The program includes a graphic native Indian displacement at James SALT" introduction to today's world of com Bay, and New Bargain, on the contro PHOl'ODECALS munications, as well as workshops on versial New International Economic HANDCRAFTED I.AMPS people-oriented videotape, shortwave Order. The Pot Shop 6 Gallery BEAUTIFULB.C. POTIER\' These and other films be shown radio and microcomputers. will 1723 Robson St. Tel:683-7031 GIFTITEMS OF DISTIN€TtON The size and price of such techno at the Forum as well as at the N .F .B. logy is now within range of individuals Theatre at 1155 W. Georgia. Consult and small organizations. Although the program schedule that is available TIFFANYGLASS si1T1Ple to operate, such equipment is at the Habitat Pavilion or that is broad /_HA.BITAT. • > W• e t s • t.. '� • ... capable of wide-ranging communi- ! cast on radio and cable television CENTER cations. during the conference. : · Coming. your "!NOY!,· 1800 W. 4thAve. Among the local groups partici . . . . Vancouver, B.C. Canada pating in <::QM/PLEX are Video Inn, (604) 732-1026 ISIS Women and Film, Vancouver UNA/SPEC Co-opRadio, and the Pacific Women's The United Nations Association, CAN YOU SEE THE Graphic Arts Co-op. working in co-operationwith the Cana For more information, write to Brian dian Scientific Pollution and Environ MOUNTAINS TODAY? Livingston, COM/PLEX, Cascadian mental Control Society, hosts a local Nestled between two of those Jewellery Regional Library, Box 1255, Eugene, habitat display at the main branch of mountains, Lynn Canyon Oregon, 97401. the Vancouver Public Library during Ecology Centre will bring you Classes the conference. to an easy understanding of Included in the exhibit is SPEC's FESTIVAL HABITAT Lynn Canyon Park ... and audio-visual presentation on urban This summer, try some Throughout the Conference and the world: expansion in Vancouver and the Lower thing new and exciting, beyond, until July 5th, the streets and Mainland and the consequent effects Find out why you and your entertainment halls of Vancouver are I world don't always see eye learn the art of Jewellery on the ecosystem of the Fraser making by EILAT. alive with activity in celebration of Valley. to eye! Habitat. Performing arts from across Also on view for the public is a Don't miss our original point Classes: Day or Evenings Canada are included in the pro series of programs specially prepared - of view. gramme, as well as craftspeople, ' by local students on Habitat themes. for the Hobbyist innovative film-makers, our ethnic The Library is located at the corner Open 1 O - 5 daily oommunities and a wide selection of of Burrard and Robson in downtown 10-8 summer localVancouver artists. Vancouver. Call 987-5922 VANCOUVER SCHOOL Every single day is filled with OF JEWELLERY Festival Habitat events. To find out TRAILS what's happening on any given day, 3739 west 10th avenue visit the Habitat Pavilion, or phone A series of walks through and talks 224-5311 669-6222. in the University Endowment Lands are scheduled for Conference-time. IDERA Proposals for a major park on the· U.E.L. are now being considered by IDER.A is a non-profit resource B.C. 's provincial government. Park centre with films and print materials advocatesdescribe these 1700acres as on international development issues a truly great forestarea, lying between, relating to the Third World. It co the city of Vancouver, the University ordinates information for groups such of B.C., and die sea at the mouth of as Oxfam, CUSO and the Unjted the Fraser River. Nations Association, as well as assist A decision to permanently save this ing them in their various educational untouched forestland can be an action programs. of historic importance for Vancouver For Habitat Forum, IDER.A is equal to the founding of Stanley Park providing films on various alternate 87 years ago. development models proposed by For furt.her information, phone Third World countries. IDER.A's out 681-1141. reach program has organized meetings on Habitat-related issues across the province i� such communities as B.C. ECOLOGUE A handbook for ecology action in Nanaimo, Castlegar, Trail and Kim- · B.C. will be available forpublic � by berley. the surnrner. Entitled B.C. Ecologue, (It should be noted that the public it will serve as an introduction to discussions outlined in the previous environmentalism generally, and issue of Habitat Guide have been will focus specifically on the eco-problerns organized under the sponsorship of the confronting British Columbia. The United Nations Association, nor Aran Sweaters handbook will provide resource infor IDER.A. 3714 West 10th Avenue mation on issue-oriented groups and Irish Linen IDER.A provided films on human Vancouver, B.C. on possible government directions. rights issues for that event.) Wicker Craft 228-8721 For more information, phone Arthur For further information, please Name Plaques Gladstone at SPEC, _?�6-5601. contact Jim Monro, Doug Coward, HABITAT GUIDE 29 LOCAL HABITAT dangerous substance on the planet as it is the raw material fot nuclear weapot1s, the most poisonous element GREENPEACE known to man, and has an effective ' life of 240,000 years as a r ioactive The Greenpeace Foundation con contaminant. Again, it is a� act of tinues to show strong leadership and global immorality to prod4ce this 'Eqsf is still somewhat ahead of its time on substance. 'that all-encompassing question of 5. ff terrorists were to obtain the planetary responsibility. What follows plutonium resulting from nuclear ljvtt\g the Greenpeace Nuclear Resolution is powerplant operation, they could hold desig� for Habitat: whole cities to ransom. This could th. A review of the Habitat preparatory disrupt the social fabric in a manner 3618 w. 4 Conferences in Caracas, Teheran, that is unprecedented in history. 738-0531 Cairo, Geneva, and New York reveals 6. If a nuclear powerplant is dis that there has been no serious consi rupted for any reason, (malfunction, deration of nuclear power as a factor earthquake, terrorists), the resulting HAND�RAFTED in present and future human settle radiation could kill thousands of FURNITURE ments. It can only be concluded from people and render large areas of land thls that the U.N. Conference on uninhabitable for centuries. -rAM'Jfr�. & TOYS Human Settlements intends to avoid There can be no doubt that the pros ylll'e/J discussion of what js seen by many to pect of continued proliferation of r;,I (�'[ 1// ¾y� be the most serious threat 10 the nuclear power is one of the most 1/ )} security and stability of the entire serious threats to the stability and .:anh. security of human settlements. The 12 prints by One is reminded of the United nuclear industry, with the cooperation Frank Lewis CAMERA Nation ·s reluctance to address the of many national governments, is Available at 18 Water problem of continued atmospheric actively and forcefully promoting nuclear testing by France and China at fission power as the solution to future Street in Gastown. REPAIRS the 1972 Conference on the Human energy requirements. The economics Is your camera ready for of uranium, plutonium, and nuclear For information phone Habitat, the Olympics and Environment in Stockholm. Onlv 687-7003. summer? through strong representation by th� powerplants has become a very signi NGOs, in particular the Greenpeace ficant factor in international trade and ••I:!!'======� Get your equipment checked and re· Foundation, was the issue finally relations. Successful opposition of the "TIie Food That paired now. Our 12 specialists offer a r .Wad� brought before the official U.N. Con· trend to nuclear power will be difficult Comprehensive Repair Service for all due to the massive invesnnents Ukraintans Famous" Cameras, Projeclo,s and Photographic ference by the delegation from New Equipment. Free Estimates. Guaranleed Zealand. The result was a resolution already made in the industry. The Repairs, by the official conference condemning UnitedNations could add considerable the continuation of atmospheric weight to the absolutely necessary WESTEF.IN nuclear testing. elimination o( this form of energy : I CHARGEX. BANKAMERICARD I CAMERA It would appear that similar pres production. In the opinion of the ' BORSCHT • PEROHE • HOLUPCHE sure must now be exerted by the BEEF STROGANOFF Greenpeace Foundation, the U.N. I • Speclall1U In Ukrainian Cuisine SERVICE LTD. NGOs in order to assure full discus· Conference on Human Settlements is • Catering Private Partlel • Take outt oService or Dine In 1855 West 4th Ave., Vancouver sio!1 of nuclear power as a present and obliged to address this issue as a top - For Reservations Call - (Burrard& 4th) Phone 736-7766 future energy source for human settle· priority item of discussion. VANCOUVER Hours: ments. Among the many pressing The N.G.O.s should work towards 879-1315 �:�'.'.�pm. issues that must be discussed are the making the strongest possible repre· 1 0 1 ) ���� Saturday f8!'o d��i1:!� 10:00a.m. · 3:00p.m. ,following: sentation to the official conference on V;ancouver New West. (except holiday I. Nuclear reactors are proliferating the matter of nuclear power for human 731-1022 524-5837 weekends) 6 6 2 1 t at a tremendous rate. More and more settlements. A resolution along the ••�3 ;;;;2;;;3;;;;;;;;0;;;>1<-"St;;;;;;;at;1;;;ath;;;;;;;;;;;2;;; ;;;; ;;;;;;;;• 6;;;;t;;;;n;;;S;;;;�. • cities are turning to fission power as lines of the following would adequately a source of energy. lf present trends express the position of the Green continue, every city in the industrial peace Foundation in this matter: •••••• HABITAT WEST world and many in the developing world will have one or more nuclear Whereas nuclear fission as a source plants in their vicinity by the end of the of energy poses a serious threat to century. the present and future security and 2. All nuclear reactors discharge stability of human settlements and, � �adioactive contaminants into the Whereas an extensive program of environment. Radiation causes genetic energy conservation in conjunction DR�OON defects and cancer in all forms of life. with rhe development of alternate There is no "safe" dose of radiation- energy sources (solar, wind, geo ��L�CE any increase in the level of radiation thermal, ere.) could eliminate any i � t, �-Jki to which people and other species are dependence on nuclear power, CANTONESE STYLE exposed will result in a proportional increase in rhe number of genetic let it be resolved that there be no CHINESE CUISINE defectsand cancers. further construction of nuclear powerplants and that those power· Smorgasborg Banquet 3. The problem of nuclear waste .disposal is unresolved and is becoming plants already in operation be Facilltles phased out of operation as soon as Take out Dim Sum more critical as the number of oper ating reactors increases. These wastes possible. 7 DAYS A WEEK 11 a.m. -12p.m. will be dangerous for many thousands of years. The production of these sub FOR RESERVATIONS CALL stances constitutes an inexcusable act 254-1111 of global immorality when one con 2784 E. HASTINGS, VANCOUVER si'ders the potential impact on hun dreds of futuregenerations. ••• FREE PARKING 4. Plutonium is being produced at an ever-increasing rate. It is the most • 30 HABITATGU1DE W cars, our current oil imports. A 40% reliant and appreciative of simple How muchenergy reduction by do 2000 e9ualswe theneed output topleasures. enjoy life? E DRIVE big use of I 0,000 conventional oil wells or In short, energy conservation 55 nuclear stations. can improve our overall quality of throw-away products, flick This will not mean drastic changes life. on heating and air conditioningan in lifestyle. It's possible with Yes, it will take some effort switches with thoughtless modest savings in daily living, because we've grown aecustomed abandon. We're onback energy industry and transportation. to waste. But is there any sensible growingbinge and consumption. shortages are inevita afternative? If you're not part of the bleThat's if we onedon't argument cut foron our Is all our consumption solution, you're part of the problelJI. servation. There are others: and convenience r------, soaring capital costs, environcon really worth the price? Get involved I mental impact, social distor Other countries seem to have with energy conservation. I tion ... found comfortable standards of Keep in touch with developments I in the energy field. Find out how HE SIMPLE TRUTH is that living without extreme energy f consumption. In Sweden, a highly you can promote and encourage we cannot live in the future as conservation in your community weT have in the past. If we continue industrialized country with a climate or through your profession. Add to gobble up energy at recent rates and living standard like ours, they your name to the mailing list for of increase, we'll need twice as use one-thirdless energy per person the much of it in just 12 years. We won't than we do. Free when you send in this have it! France, Germany, Finland, the coupon.Energy Conservation News In terms of oil and gas produc United Kingdom, Denmark and letter.Gentlemen: Italy all use less than half our Yes. please add my name to the tion, our best years appear to be mailing list for the Energy Conser behind us. Most of our readily energy per person. vation Newsletter. accessible hydro-electric sites are By saving energy we can not only now in use. Coal deposits are diffi avoid future shortages but also NAME�------,--,--- cult and costly to develop. Other improve our quality of life. forms of energy-biomass, solar, Efforts to lower consumption ADDRESS_�----'-'-'------� wind and nuclear for example through smaller cars, more mass will. have a role to play, but can't transit, better built homes, more efficient industry, less waste 'pro be depended upon to solve all our POSTAL CODE ___ problems. duction, more personal effort-will all save energy. And help our envi Mail coupon to: "Newsletter", Office Conservation is the only energy of Energy Conservation, EM&R, oprio.n open to us which can work ronment And help to fightinflation. Ottawa, Ontario K1A OE4. quickly and at low cost. And help to make us more self- L ______J The goal: a saving of 40% Energy, Mines and Energie, Mines et by the year 2000. I+ Resources Canada Ressources Canada A 20%cut in projected consumption Office of Energy Conscrvalion Bureau de le conservation de renergle Hon. Alastair GIiiespie L'Hon. Alastair Glllesple by 1985 is a saving equal to 7 5% of Minister Mlnistre 7:00a.m. toll=OOp.m. May 31, June 11, 1976