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5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Formation in Bread As a Function of Heat Treatment Intensity: Correlations with Browning Indices
foods Article 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Formation in Bread as a Function of Heat Treatment Intensity: Correlations with Browning Indices Gabriella Giovanelli and Carola Cappa * Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2-20133 Milano, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-025-0319-179; Fax: +39-503-19-190 Abstract: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed during bread baking as a Maillard reaction product (MRP); it can exert toxicity and it is regarded as a potential health risk because of its high consumption levels in western diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate HMF formation in bread as a function of heat treatment intensity (HTI) and to investigate correlations between HMF and easily detectable browning indices. White breads were baked at 200 ◦C and 225 ◦C for different baking times for a total of 24 baking trials. Browning development was evaluated by reflectance colorimetric and computer vision colour analysis; MRP were quantified spectrophotometrically at 280, 360 and 420 nm and HMF was determined by HPLC. HMF concentrations varied from 4 to 300 mg/kg dw. Colour indices (100–L*) and Intensity mean resulted significantly correlated between each other (r = −0.961) and with MRP (r ≥ 0.819). The effects of the different HTI were visualized by principal component analysis and the data were used to evaluate the best fitting regression models between HMF concentration and other browning indices, obtaining models with high correlation coefficients (r > 0.90). Citation: Giovanelli, G.; Cappa, C. Keywords: bread; Maillard reaction products; HMF; browning; colour; regression models 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Formation in Bread as a Function of Heat Treatment Intensity: Correlations with Browning Indices. -
Prosecco with White Peach Nectar) 9.50
HOUSE APERITIF - VERNACCIA DI ORISTANO (dry Sardinian aperitif) 6.50 PROSECCO BELLINI (Prosecco with white peach nectar) 9.50 OSTRICHE fresh rock oysters, six/twelve 18.00/34.00 BURRATA CON BOTTARGA creamy mozzarella with cherry tomatoes, basil and grey mullet roe 15.50 SARDINE ALLA GRIGLIA chargrilled fresh sardines with a thyme and rosemary crust 13.50 POLPO CON RUCOLA octopus dressed with oil, vinegar and garlic on a bed of rocket salad 14.00 CARPACCI DI MARE thin raw slices of Mediterranean red prawns, swordfish and tuna with lemon and oil 16.00 COZZE O ARSELLE IN TEGAME steamed mussels or clams with garlic and parsley 14.50 INSALATA DI INDIVIA BIANCA, MELE, PARMIGIANO white endive, apple & Parmesan salad *V 13.50 INSALATA VERDE AL PECORINO SARDO baby cos lettuce tossed with Pecorino cheese dressing *V 13.00 INSALATA DI GRANCHIO white crab meat on a bed of shredded radicchio & celery with a spicy dressing 17.50 ALICI CON ZUCCHINE marinated anchovy salad with chargrilled courgettes, rocket & tomatoes 12.00 BRESAOLA DI TONNO thinly sliced cured tuna with green beans and sun-dried tomatoes 15.00 MOSCARDINI PICCANTI Sardinian spicy baby octopus stew with toasted crostini 13.50 ZUPPA DI CODA DI ROSPO Sardinian couscous soup with monkfish, tomato, garlic and chilli 14.00 RISOTTO ALLA PESCATORA fish and shellfish risotto with garlic, chilli and a touch of tomato sauce 20.50 TAGLIOLINI CON RANA PESCATRICE fresh tagliolini sautéed with monkfish, tomatoes, rosemary & garlic 15.50/19.50 TRENETTE AL PESTO ALLA GENOVESE flat spaghetti with pesto, -
Bakery and Confectionary HM-302 UNIT: 01 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND of BAKING
Bakery and Confectionary HM-302 UNIT: 01 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BAKING STRUCTURE 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objective 1.3 Historical Background of Baking 1.4 Introduction to Large, Small Equipments and Tools 1.5 Wheat 1.5.1 Structure of Wheat 1.5.2 Types of Flour 1.5.3 Composition Of Flour 1.5.4 WAP of Flour 1.5.5 Milling of Wheat 1.5.6 Differences Between Semolina, Whole Wheat Flour And Refined Flour 1.5.7 Flour Testing 1.6 Summary 1.7 Glossary 1.8 Reference/Bibliography 1.9 Terminal Questions 1.1 INTRODUCTION BREAD!!!!…….A word of many meanings, a symbol of giving, one food that is common to so many countries….but what really is bread ????. Bread is served in various forms with any meal of the day. It is eaten as a snack, and used as an ingredient in other culinary preparations, such as sandwiches, and fried items coated in bread crumbs to prevent sticking. It forms the bland main component of bread pudding, as well as of stuffing designed to fill cavities or retain juices that otherwise might drip out. Bread has a social and emotional significance beyond its importance as nourishment. It plays essential roles in religious rituals and secular culture. Its prominence in daily life is reflected in language, where it appears in proverbs, colloquial expressions ("He stole the bread from my mouth"), in prayer ("Give us this day our daily bread") and in the etymology of words, such as "companion" (from Latin comes "with" + panis "bread"). 1.2 OBJECTIVE The Objective of this unit is to provide: 1. -
Harvesting-Traditions-1-47-Rough-In
HARVESTING TRADITIONS HARVESTING TRADITION Written and produced by BENJAMIN LESTER Writing Edited by Peter Kobel and Kate Henessy Photography, Layout, and design by Benjamin Lester www.localgrain.org In loving Memory of My Father, James Matthew Lester and For My Mother, Margaret Lester Copyright Farm Feast 2018 and All Rights Reserved my step Mother Nancy Lester My three wonderful, truly good parents Words can’t sumate how fortunate I have been but hopefully this book can. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Culling The Harvest 3. Reverence, Connection and Gratitutude 4. The Essential Storm 5.Our Great Grains 6. Heritage Wheat 7.Milling 8. Hielroom Corn 9. Measurement 10. Paddy Rice 11. Storage 12.Beans 13.Temperature 14.Oats, buckwheat 15. fermentation 16.Heritage Grain Brewing 17. rye 18.Timing ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book would not be possible without the tireless work and dedication of our farmers. Alan Zuchowski, Stan, Simon, and Abbie White, Sara and Matt Williams, (etc...) My company My Family Community, members, and supporters Hosts Capsicum ovatum DC. Capsicum petenense Standl. Capsicum pomiferum Mart. ex Steud. Capsicum purpureum Vahl ex Hornem. Capsicum pyramidale Mill. Capsicum quitense Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Capsicum silvestre Vell. Capsicum sphaerium Willd. Capsicum tetragonum Mill. Capsicum tomatiforme Fingerh. ex Steud. Capsicum torulosum Hornem. Capsicum tournefortii Besser Capsicum ustulatum Paxton “The Most Wonderful Story I know is, perhaps, that this bread, thousands of years old though it is, is not yet finished in the baking. Botanist, famer, miller, and baker are stillexperimenting with it. The entire story of bread goes very deep-its social and technical, religious, political, and scientific story” H.E Jacob “Six Thousand Years of Bread” The Richness of Connection We absorb the most valuable lessons from our parents through how they live their lives. -
Maillard Reaction Products: Occurrence, Mitigation Strategies and Their Physiological Relevance
DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015001 MAILLARD REACTION PRODUCTS: OCCURRENCE, MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vincenzo Fogliano Doctoral Thesis Corvinus University of Budapest Faculty of Food Science Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Budapest, 2014 DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015001 PhD School/Program Name: PhD School of Food Science Field: Food Science Head: Prof. József Felföldi, PhD Corvinus University of Budapest Supervisor: Prof. Dr Livia Simon Sarkadi, DSc Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Food Science Corvinus University of Budapest The applicant met the requirement of the PhD regulations of the Corvinus University of Budapest and the thesis is accepted for the defence process. ............................................... ............................................... Head of PhD School Supervisor i DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015001 According to the Doctoral Council of Life Sciences of Corvinus University of Budapest on 7th October, 2014, the following committee was designated for the public discussion: Committee: Chair: Prof. Dr József Farkas, MHAS, BCE Members: Prof. Dr Péter Fodor, DSc, BCE Prof. Dr András Salgó, DSc, BME Prof. Dr Éva Gelencsér, CSc, NAIK-ÉKI Dr Gabriella Kiskó, PhD, BCE Opponents: Prof. Dr Anna Halász, DSc, NAIK-ÉKI Prof. Dr Péter Biacs, DSc, BCE Secretary: Dr Gabriella Kiskó, PhD, BCE ii DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015001 TABLE OF CONTENT Page 1. General Introduction 1 1.1 Description of the Maillard Reaction 1 1.2 Relevance in different foods 2 1.3 Why is still necessary to study this reaction -
Sensory and Physicochemical Characterization of Sourdough Bread Prepared with a Coconut Water Kefir Starter
foods Article Sensory and Physicochemical Characterization of Sourdough Bread Prepared with a Coconut Water Kefir Starter Mansi Limbad * , Noemi Gutierrez Maddox, Nazimah Hamid and Kevin Kantono Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, 34, Saint Paul Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; [email protected] (N.G.M.); [email protected] (N.H.); [email protected] (K.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-9-921-9999 (ext. 8384) Received: 18 July 2020; Accepted: 19 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Abstract: There is a recognized need for formulating functional food products using selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures from various sources such as kefir, yoghurt or kombucha that have health benefits. The principle objective of this study was to investigate the use of a coconut water kefir-based fermentation starter culture using Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus plantarum to develop a sourdough bread. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) sensory profiling was used in this study to evaluate the sensory profile of sourdough breads that varied with culture type, culture concentrations, with and without added yeast, and with fermentation for 18 and 24 h. Based on correspondence analysis (CA) of the CATA results, bread samples with positive sensory attributes were chosen for further physicochemical analysis. Physicochemical analyses (texture, proximate composition, shelf life, carboxylic acid analysis and amino acid analysis) were carried out on breads formulated with starter culture concentrations of 8.30 log CFU/mL of L. fermentum, 4.90 log CFU/mL of L. fermentum and 9.60 log CFU/mL of L. -
Impact of Wort Amino Acids on Beer Flavour: a Review
fermentation Review Impact of Wort Amino Acids on Beer Flavour: A Review Inês M. Ferreira and Luís F. Guido * LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; ines.fi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-220-402-644 Received: 3 March 2018; Accepted: 25 March 2018; Published: 28 March 2018 Abstract: The process by which beer is brewed has not changed significantly since its discovery thousands of years ago. Grain is malted, dried, crushed and mixed with hot water to produce wort. Yeast is added to the sweet, viscous wort, after which fermentation occurs. The biochemical events that occur during fermentation reflect the genotype of the yeast strain used, and its phenotypic expression is influenced by the composition of the wort and the conditions established in the fermenting vessel. Although wort is complex and not completely characterized, its content in amino acids indubitably affects the production of some minor metabolic products of fermentation which contribute to the flavour of beer. These metabolic products include higher alcohols, esters, carbonyls and sulfur-containing compounds. The formation of these products is comprehensively reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the role of amino acids in the beer flavour, in particular their relationships with flavour active compounds, is discussed in light of recent data. Keywords: amino acids; beer; flavour; higher alcohols; esters; Vicinal Diketones (VDK); sulfur compounds 1. Introduction The process by which beer has been brewed has not changed significantly since its discovery over 2000 years ago. Although industrial equipment is used for modern commercial brewing, the principles are the same. -
Pasta Demos and Tastings
GETCOZY We’ve got the pasta pasta weeks March 5th-March 18th For two weeks Eataly is getting back to the basics of Italian cuisine with Pasta Weeks! Use this handy map to guide you to all the hot stops around Eataly for pasta perfection. 1 DRY PASTA 2 IL PESCE LA PIAZZA Stock up on all our shapes, Get your fill of your favorite seafood 3 Try pasta dishes from all flavors, and types of pasta centric pasta dishes at Il Pesce corners of the Piazza 4 LA PIZZA E 5 LA PASTA FRESCA 6 WINE SHOP LA PASTA The heart of Eataly where you can bring Check out our perfect wine The homebase for your home the same pasta from the restaurants! pairings for every dish. Ask pasta paradise! our wine experts for their HOUSEWARES suggestions! 7 We have everything you need to make your own fresh pasta at home R E MAIN FLOOR S T R O Beer O EATALIAN MAGIC HAPPENS HERE! RISERVA EATALIAN MAGIC HAPPENS HERE! M ROOM S WINE STORE Salumi e ENTRANCE Formaggi 6 Take Away SALUMI E STAIRS & ELEVATOR Pr STAIRS & J MOZZARELLA H a LA SCUOLA e o FORMAGGI m s n LAB e 7 ESCALATORS s & r e Housewares v y e s s GUEST 5 RELATIONS Crackers Dairy LA ROSTICCERIA BOOKS LA PASTA FRESCA SEATING B SALUMERIA ELEVATOR r AREA A e TO GROUND n a FLOOR d t i s A p t i a n c LA CUCINA s t k 2 t i i s p B a s IL PESCE t U 3 i T host host 4 C H LA PIAZZA E E HAPPENS HERE! A LA PIZZA 888 BOYLSTON R T ALIAN M LOBBY O C CRUDO ELEVATOR A E LA PASTA l o n i n v TO MAIN t e di i p DI MARE O ENOTECA a m FLOOR s i CAFFÈ LAVAZZA t e l i n , t S s A a l t & F GIC I Preserved Fish Sauces & Pestos Olive Oil -
Triggering the Aroma Production Through Chemical Kinetics, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 985-990 DOI:10.3303/CET1652165 986
985 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 52, 2016 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1652165 Bread as a Chemical Reactor: Triggering the Aroma Production through Chemical Kinetics a a b b Davide Papasidero* , Alessandro Giorgi , Elisa Rocchi , Laura Piazza , Sauro Pierucci a, Giulia Bozzanoa, Flavio Manentia aDipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy b DeFENS, Dept. of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy [email protected] Recent studies address the structural modifications occurring in the thermal processing of food to interact with the development of aroma and taste compounds. Food sensory science is often related to statistical analysis of panel tests and subjective human responses. From a chemical engineering perspective, food can be treated like a chemical reactor. Bread can be one example of “food chemical reactor”, which enormously changes its density (from high to low depending on the leavening process), its aroma (driven from Maillard and other reactions involving carbohydrates, proteins and fats), its color (caramelization and Maillard), its structure (starch gelatinization, gluten hardening), etc. Indeed, transport phenomena and chemical kinetics are consistently involved in this process. A detailed study on the chemical kinetics of bread aroma development can be helpful to achieve an objective quality marker, which can be monitored and controlled dynamically through the process conditions and variables. -
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in the Production of Fermented Beverages
beverages Review Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Production of Fermented Beverages Graeme M Walker 1,* and Graham G Stewart 2 1 Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland DD1 1HG, UK 2 Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1382-308658 Academic Editor: Edgar Chambers IV Received: 20 October 2016; Accepted: 11 November 2016; Published: 17 November 2016 Abstract: Alcoholic beverages are produced following the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, mainly (but not exclusively) strains of the species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sugary starting materials may emanate from cereal starches (which require enzymatic pre-hydrolysis) in the case of beers and whiskies, sucrose-rich plants (molasses or sugar juice from sugarcane) in the case of rums, or from fruits (which do not require pre-hydrolysis) in the case of wines and brandies. In the presence of sugars, together with other essential nutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, S. cerevisiae will conduct fermentative metabolism to ethanol and carbon dioxide (as the primary fermentation metabolites) as the cells strive to make energy and regenerate the coenzyme NAD+ under anaerobic conditions. Yeasts will also produce numerous secondary metabolites which act as important beverage flavour congeners, including higher alcohols, esters, carbonyls and sulphur compounds. These are very important in dictating the final flavour and aroma characteristics of beverages such as beer and wine, but also in distilled beverages such as whisky, rum and brandy. Therefore, yeasts are of vital importance in providing the alcohol content and the sensory profiles of such beverages. This Introductory Chapter reviews, in general, the growth, physiology and metabolism of S. -
Ampelopsis Grossedentata) on Acrylamide Formation, Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Bread
foods Article Effects of Hot-Water Extract from Vine Tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) on Acrylamide Formation, Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Bread Qian Ma 1, Shengbao Cai 1 , Yijia Jia 1, Xiyan Sun 2, Junjie Yi 1 and Jiang Du 2,* 1 Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; [email protected] (Q.M.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (Y.J.); [email protected] (J.Y.) 2 Faculty of Art and Communication, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-153-9869-1006 Received: 16 February 2020; Accepted: 20 March 2020; Published: 23 March 2020 Abstract: Acrylamide is a harmful substance that could be inhibited by natural products. Vine tea is an edible herb belonging to the Vitaceae family and has been approved by Chinese authorities as a new food ingredient in 2013. However, the effects of vine tea extract on acrylamide formation and bread quality are rarely investigated. In this study, the polyphenol composition of hot-water extract from vine tea was characterized by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS), and its effects on acrylamide formation, quality, and consumer acceptability of bread were investigated. Vine tea extract and its main polyphenol, dihydromyricetin, significantly inhibited the acrylamide formation in bread, especially the low dose of vine tea extract (1.25 g/kg), which decreased the acrylamide formation by 58.23%. The color and texture of bread were significantly affected by vine tea extract or dihydromyricetin, whereas the moisture content was not changed remarkably. -
Regione Abruzzo
20-6-2014 Supplemento ordinario n. 48 alla GAZZETTA UFFICIALE Serie generale - n. 141 A LLEGATO REGIONE ABRUZZO Tipologia N° Prodotto 1 centerba o cianterba liquore a base di gentiana lutea l., amaro di genziana, 2 digestivo di genziana Bevande analcoliche, 3 liquore allo zafferano distillati e liquori 4 mosto cotto 5 ponce, punce, punk 6 ratafia - rattafia 7 vino cotto - vin cuott - vin cott 8 annoia 9 arrosticini 10 capra alla neretese 11 coppa di testa, la coppa 12 guanciale amatriciano 13 lonza, capelomme 14 micischia, vilischia, vicicchia, mucischia 15 mortadella di campotosto, coglioni di mulo 16 nnuje teramane 17 porchetta abruzzese 18 prosciuttello salame abruzzese, salame nostrano, salame artigianale, Carni (e frattaglie) 19 salame tradizionale, salame tipico fresche e loro 20 salame aquila preparazione 21 salamelle di fegato al vino cotto 22 salsiccia di fegato 23 salsiccia di fegato con miele 24 salsiccia di maiale sott’olio 25 salsicciotto di pennapiedimonte 26 salsicciotto frentano, salsicciotto, saiggicciott, sauccicciott 27 soppressata, salame pressato, schiacciata, salame aquila 28 tacchino alla canzanese 29 tacchino alla neretese 30 ventricina teramana ventricina vastese, del vastese, vescica, ventricina di guilmi, 31 muletta 32 cacio di vacca bianca, caciotta di vacca 33 caciocavallo abruzzese 34 caciofiore aquilano 35 caciotta vaccina frentana, formaggio di vacca, casce d' vacc 36 caprino abruzzese, formaggi caprini abruzzesi 37 formaggi e ricotta di stazzo 38 giuncata vaccina abruzzese, sprisciocca Formaggi 39 giuncatella