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Rain and Forest Garden Plant Matrix - Rocky Mountain Region, Usa

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Rain and Forest Garden Plant Matrix - Rocky Mountain Region, Usa RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA This list has been compiled by Jason Gerhardt based on over a decade of species trials, observations, and tracking in the Rocky Mountain region. His experience covers a wide expanse from Northern New Mexico to the Central Arizona Highlands to the Colorado Plateau in Utah to the Front Range of Colorado. With a Southwestern focus this list will also prove useful in the Northern Rockies into Canada, extending into the Basin and Range ecosystems of the Intermountain West, well into the High Plains, and beyond. There are many other useful species that should be trialed for this region. This chart is composed primarily of what the author has experienced to succeed repeatedly in rain garden settings without additional irrigation post-establishment, and with a focus on food production and multifunctionality. All species are perennial, with a few reseeding annuals. The author has personally interacted with over 95% of the species listed through direct trials, wildland observations, and touring gardens. A forth-coming article will document the authors processes and practices for successful rain garden food forest establishment in the very challenging climates of the high elevation arid Western United States. How to use this chart: Most importantly, the Rain Garden Zone column is where users can understand the water needs and placement requirements of each plant. “Top” is furthest from the water flow in both elevation and distance, indicating strong drought adaptability. “Terrace” indicates plants with some drought adaptability, as well as water lovers that can’t tolerate inundation. “Bottom” indicates plants that can grow in very moist to saturated soils with periods of inundation. Special thanks to Shannon Brown for all her help with data entry! www.realearthdesign.com © 2015 Jason Gerhardt RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA Common Latin Name Edible Uses Other Uses Special Notes Name Zone Nectary Pest Repeller Pest Repeller Native Region Nitrogen Fixer Nitrogen Mature Height Mature Light Condition USDA Hardiness USDA Rain Garden Zone (thorny or aromatic) (thorny or Canopy Layer (20' or Taller) Some animal toxicity has been Bee Forage, Flower clusters reported, but observations show Robinia 50- Coppice, Black Locust 4-8 ✔ ✔ ✔ raw/battered animals self-regulate pseudoacacia 75' Firewood, Full Sun and fried consumption. Further research Appalachia Top/Terrace Lumber needed for fodder uses. Bee Forage, Wind blown pollen may cause Coppice, allergies. Cultivars have been Quercus 50- Acorns ground Bur Oak 2-8 ✔ Firewood, selected for sweeter acorns. macrocarpa 100' for meal Full Sun America Lumber, Excellent wood for gourmet Top/Terrace Central North Central Fodder fungi. Wind blown pollen may cause Bee Forage, allergies. Has been crossed with Quercus 15- Acorns ground Gambel Oak 4-7 ✔ Firewood, Bur Oak for bigger, sweeter gambelii Top 50' for meal Full Sun America Fodder acorns. Excellent wood for Western North Western gourmet fungi. Susceptible to Thousand Coppice, Canker Disease, which is 50- Juglans nigra Black Walnut 4-7 ✔ Nut meats Lumber, prevelant in the region. 100' Terrace Full Sun America Fodder Contains juglone and is Eastern North Eastern allelopathic. www.realearthdesign.com © 2015 Jason Gerhardt RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA Species has not been observed Coppice, Carya 50- by author in the region, but Hardy Pecan 5-9 ✔ Nut meats Lumber, illinoinensis 100' could be trialed. Susceptible to Terrace Full Sun Fodder Thousand Canker Disease. Southern US Author knows of one mature Coppice, 30- specimen in the region that Juglans bisbyi Buartnut 4-7 ✔ Nut meats Lumber, 60' bears nuts. Contains juglone Terrace Cultivar Full Sun Fodder and is allelopathic. Not productive of nuts. Disease Coppice, prone. Author knows of several Castanea American 50- 4-7 ✔ Nut meats Lumber, 75+ year old specimen in dentata Chestnut 100' Terrace Full Sun America Fodder Boulder, CO with high lumber Eastern North Eastern value. Improved cultivars such as Diospyros American 20- Bee Forage, those bred by Elwyn Meader 5-9 ✔ Fruit virginiana Persimmon 75' Fodder can be found for larger fruit Terrace Full Sun size. Southeast US An important ethnobotanical 20- species for the region. Seedset Pinus edulis Pinyon Pine 4-7 Seeds Fodder US Top 50' is best in larger plantings due to Full Sun Southwest wind pollination. Have only seen these in other Korean Stone 30- regions, but people are planting Pinus koraiensis 4-7 Seeds Fodder Top Pine 100' Asia them in Colorado. Harvesting Full Sun cones is a messy process. www.realearthdesign.com © 2015 Jason Gerhardt RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA Leaves can be fed to silkworms Coppice, to make silk. Has high 20- Morus alba White Mulberry 5-8 Fruit Fodder, medicinal value. One of the 50' Asia Shade Terrace Medicinal best fodder crops for poultry Full Sun/Part due to high protein content. Leaves can be fed to silkworms to make silk. Has high 20- Coppice, Morus nigra Black Mulberry 4-8 Fruit medicinal value. One of the 50' Fodder Shade Persia Terrace best fodder crops for poultry Full Sun/Part due to high protein content. Is highly susceptible to coddling moth East of the 20- Bee Forage, Malus domestica Apple 4-9 ✔ Fruit Continental Divide. Not to 40' Fodder Terrace Full Sun worry, worm riddled fruits are Central Asia Central traditionally pressed for cider. Very susceptible to fireblight, 20- Bee Forage, Pyrus communis Pear 4-8 ✔ Fruit resistant cultivars 40' Fodder Africa Terrace Full Sun recommended. Eurasia/North Eurasia/North Author has observed 40' specimens on terraces in 20- Bee Forage, Pyrus pyrifolia Asian Pear 5-9 ✔ Fruit Arizona canyons. Prefers 40' Asia Fodder Terrace Full Sun slightly warmer conditions than European Pear. www.realearthdesign.com © 2015 Jason Gerhardt RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA One of the most reliable fruits to grow in the region. Experiment with many Prunus Bee Forage, cultivars, a wide range of fruit Plum 4-8 20' ✔ Fruit domestica Fodder uses can be had within the Terrace Eurasia Full Sun species. Authors favorites are Mt. Royal, Green Gage, and Stanley. One of the more drought hardy rose family fruits. Quality 15- Bee Forage, varies significantly by variety Prunus persica Peach 5-9 ✔ Fruit 30' Asia Fodder and region. Blooms very early Full Sun Top/Terrace in spring, needs bloom delaying microclimate. Not well-trialed in region. Some success has been 20- Fruit (custard reported. Authors concern is Asmina triloba Paw-Paw 5-7 Fodder 35' like) that leaves are too large for the Shade America UV, hail risk, and desiccation Eastern North Eastern Part Shade/Full Part Shade/Full Terrace/Bottom common in region. Another of the more drought hardy rose family fruits. Prunus 20- Fruit, Seed Bee Forage, Blooms very early in spring, Apricot 5-9 ✔ armeniaca 35' kernals Fodder needs bloom delaying Full Sun Top/Terrace Central Asia Central microclimate. Seed kernals are highly medicinal. www.realearthdesign.com © 2015 Jason Gerhardt RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA Bee Forage, Blooms very early in spring, 25- Lumber, needs bloom delaying Prunus avium Sweet Cherry 5-9 ✔ Fruit 35' Coppice, microclimate. Lumber is of Terrace Full Sun Fodder very high value. Eurasia/North Africa Eurasia/North Bee Forage, Blooms very early in spring, 25- Lumber, needs bloom delaying Prunus cerasus Sour Cherry 4-8 ✔ Fruit 35' Coppice, microclimate. Lumber is of Terrace Eurasia Full Sun Fodder very high value. Phenomenal tree. Needs cool microclimate in south, warm microclimate in north. Author Alnus 50- Lumber, Arizona Alder 6-10 ✔ None known knows wild patches well oblongifolia 100' Coppice Bottom integrated with blackberry, Southwest US miner's lettuce, golden currants, Full Sun/Part Shade and old orchard fruits. Alnus incana 40- Lumber, A good water-loving nitrogen Grey Alder 2-6 ✔ None known var. tenuifolia 60' Coppice fixing canopy. Bottom Northern Rockies Full Sun/Part Shade Bee Forage, A good specimen shade tree. Celtis 75- Wildlife Hackberry 3-7 ✔ Fruit Well-adapted to varying occidentalis 100' Habitat, Terrace Full Sun conditions. Eastern US Eastern Lumber www.realearthdesign.com © 2015 Jason Gerhardt RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA Very drought hardy fruit tree. 15'- Avoids all spring frosts due to Ziziphus jujuba Jujube 6-9 ✔ Fruit 30' Asia June blooming habit. Not fully Full Sun Top/Terrace hardy in all areas. Xanthoceras 18- Grows at Denver Botanic Yellowhorn 5-7 ✔ Seeds Sun Full sorbifolia 24' Asia Gardens. Terrace Commonly planted high water user. Could be experimented Lumber, 75- with for sap production. Acer Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 3-7 Sap for syrup Coppice, 100' grandidentatum is a America Firewood Southwestern native Eastern North Eastern Terrace/Bottom replacement. Full Sun/Part Shade Commonly planted in drier areas. Has weak branch Lumber, Acer 75- structure, not recommended as Silver Maple 3-7 Sap for syrup Coppice, saccharinum 100' a street tree. Could be Terrace Full Sun America Firewood experimented with for sap Eastern North Eastern production. Very good salad tree. Leaves Bee Forage, best when young or in spring. 30- Leaves, Lumber, Flower clusters make tasty tea Tilia cordata Linden 4-7 ✔ 75' Flowers Coppice, with medicinal properties. Terrace Eurasia Firewood Phenomenal bee forage for flavorful honey production. Full Sun/Part Shade www.realearthdesign.com © 2015 Jason Gerhardt RAIN AND FOREST GARDEN PLANT MATRIX - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION, USA One of the rarest North American trees. Author knows Bee Forage, of gorgeous specimen in Cladrastis 30- Lumber, Boulder, CO. Best of fall Yellowood 5-8 ✔ None known kentukea 50' Coppice, foliage. Likely an older form of Terrace Firewood nitrogen fixer. Fixes N at a low Southeast US rate. Extremely high lumber Full Sun/Part Shade value.
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