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ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) Polibotánica, Núm Polibotánica ISSN: 1405-2768 [email protected] Departamento de Botánica México Cilia-López, Virginia Gabriela; Reyes-Agüero, Juan Antonio; Aguirre-Rivera, Juan Rogelio; Juárez- Flores, Bertha Irene AMPLIACIÓN DE LA DESCRIPCIÓN Y ASPECTOS TAXONÓMICOS DE HELIOPSIS LONGIPES (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) Polibotánica, núm. 36, agosto, 2013, pp. 1-13 Departamento de Botánica Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=62127866001 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Núm. 36, pp. 1-13, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2013 AMPLIACIÓN DE LA DESCRIPCIÓN Y ASPECTOS TAXONÓMICOS DE HELIOPSIS LONGIPES (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) EXPANDING DESCRIPTION AND TAXONOMIC ASPECTS OF HELIOPSIS LONGIPES (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) Virginia Gabriela Cilia-López1, Juan Antonio Reyes-Agüero2, Juan Rogelio Aguirre-Rivera2, y Bertha Irene Juárez-Flores2 1Graduada, Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. 2Instituto de Investigación en Zonas Desérticas, UASLP, Altair 200, Fraccionamiento Del Llano CP 78377, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México. Correo electrónico: [email protected] RESUMEN ABSTRACT Heliopsis longipes es la especie con mayor Heliopsis longipes is, economically, the importancia económica de su género, pues most important species of its genus, be- su raíz tiene varios usos tradicionales en cause its root has several traditional uses in México. Sin embargo, aún se desconocen Mexico. However, there are still unknown algunos aspectos de su morfología y bio- aspects of their morphology and biology. logía. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: The objectives of this study were: a) to ex- a) ampliar la descripción botánica de la pand the botanical description of the species, especie, b) discutir las diferencias de H. b) to discuss the differences of H. longipes longipes con algunos de sus congéneres, y with some congeners, c) to document their c) documentar su fenología. Heliopsis lon- phenology. Heliopsis longipes has an as- gipes se distingue por su hábito ascendente cending to decumbent habit, ovate-oblong a decumbente, hojas ovado-oblongas, el leaves and the stem is relatively long and it pedúnculo relativamente largo y es microen- is microendemic in Sierra Alvarez and Sierra démica en las sierras de Álvarez y Gorda. Gorda. Morphologically, it has more affi ni- Morfológicamente presenta más afi nidades ties with H. procumbens. The reproduction con H. procumbens. La reproducción de H. of H. longipes occurs during the wet season longipes ocurre durante la época húmeda of the year. del año. Key words: Asteraceae, chilcuague, bo- Palabras clave: Asteraceae, chilcuague, tanical description, phenology, Heliopsis descripción botánica, fenología, Heliopsis longipes. longipes. 1 Núm. 36: 1-13 Agosto 2013 INTRODUCCIÓN Heliopsis longipes es una especie microen- démica de la sierra de Álvarez y sierra Heliopsis es un género de la tribu Helian- Gorda en los estados de San Luis Potosí, theae de la familia Asteraceae, y se distingue Guanajuato (Cilia et al., 2007a) y Querétaro por que ambos tipos de fl ores, liguladas y del (Rzedowski y Calderón, 2008); es la especie disco son hermafroditas y fértiles, las lígulas con mayor importancia económica de su son marcescentes y sésiles, los aquenios género (Cilia-López et al., 2008), su raíz de ambos tipos de fl ores son gruesos, tri o tiene usos tradicionales como condimento, tetrangulares, con el vilano ausente o muy medicina e insecticida (Martínez, 1936, reducido (Fisher, 1954, 1957; Rzedowski 1955; Little, 1948a; Cilia-López et al., y Calderón, 2008). Rzedowski y Calderón 2008). De la raíz de H. longipes se aisló una (2008) además agregan que el margen de las alcamida, a la cual se denominó afi nina y se hojas por lo general es serrado o crenado y el le atribuyó la propiedad insecticida conocida involucro no es manifi estamente graduado. tradicionalmente (Acree et al., 1945a,b; El género es americano, con 32 especies Jacobson et al., 1947). Con la raíz de H. (International Plant Name Index, 2012). longipes y la afi nina presente se han realiza- De ellas, 11 son exclusivas de México (H. do estudios fi toquímicos (Molina-Torres et anomala B.L. Turner, H. annua Hemsl., H. al., 1995, 1996; García-Chávez et al., 2004; brachactis Standl. ex Fisher, H. fi lifolia S. Cilia-López et al., 2009) y farmacológicos Watson, H. longipes S.F. Blake, H. novoga- (Gutiérrez Lugo et al., 1996; Molina-Torres liciana B.L. Turner, H. parviceps S.F. Blake, et al., 1999; Ramírez-Chávez et al., 2000; H. procumbens Hemsl., H. rubra Fisher, H. Acosta-Madrid et al., 2009; Cilia-López et sinaloensis B.L. Turner, y H. sufruticosa al., 2009; Cariño C. et al., 2010). Ramírez-Noya et S. González) y dos se distribuyen desde México hasta el sur del Con especímenes recolectados en San continente (H. buphthalmoides Dun. y H. Luis Potosí por C.C. Perry y E. Palmer en parvifolia A. Gray) (Little, 1948a; Paray, 1878, A. Gray describió Philactis longipes 1954; Fisher, 1954, 1957; Turner, 1987; A. Gray. En 1924, S.F. Blake, con base en García-Chávez et al., 2004; Ramírez-Noya el hábito, las características del involucro, et al., 2011). las fl ores liguladas fértiles y la ausencia de vilano en los aquenios, transfi rió Philactis En 1753 Linneo describió las especies longipes al género Heliopsis. Acree et al. Buphthalmum helianthoides L., Silphium (1945a) obtuvieron por correspondencia solidaginoides L. y Rudbeckia oppositifolia raíces de chilcuán, supuestamente recolec- L. En 1807, C.H. Persoon describió el gé- tadas en localidades cercanas a la ciudad de nero Heliopsis y renombró las tres especies México. Estas raíces les fueron enviadas e lineanas como Heliopsis laevis Pers. (Fisher, identifi cadas como pertenecientes a Erige- 1954). La inclusión y exclusión de entidades ron affi nis DC. (actualmente E. longipes específi cas en Heliopsis ha sido objeto de DC.). Es probable que la confusión se debió una prolongada polémica, registrada y ana- a que los proveedores de Acree obtuvieron lizada cuidadosamente por Fisher (1954, las raíces con el nombre de chilcuán y al 1957) y Turner (1987, 1988). consultar la obra de Martínez (1936) las identifi caron como E. affi nis. Debido a la 2 Cilia-López, V.G. et al.: Ampliación de la descripción y aspectos taxonómicos de H. longipes (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) ausencia de especímenes de herbario y la géneres más cercanos morfológicamente, y necesidad de confi rmar o corregir el nombre c) documentar su fenología. de la especie, E.L. Little realizó una explo- ración botánica por la sierra Gorda, en San MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Luis Potosí, donde recolectó ejemplares de chilcuán, los cuales fueron revisados por Se realizaron exploraciones botánicas por S.F. Blake quien señaló su nombre correcto las sierras Gorda y de Álvarez, SLP (cuadro como Heliopsis longipes (Little, 1948a, 1) y se ubicaron nueve localidades con po- 1948b). blaciones silvestres de H. longipes, sanas y bajo aprovechamiento. En cada una de ellas Para Fisher (1954, 1957), H. longipes y se recolectaron individuos adultos, tratando H. buphtalmoides son especies morfoló- de incluir toda la variabilidad fenotípica gicamente cercanas y comparten las hojas observada y la consignada en la bibliografía. orbiculares u ovado-lanceoladas y los Para registrar sistemáticamente la informa- pedúnculos de 9-20 cm; según el autor la ción morfológica se elaboró un descriptor diferencia es que en general H. longipes a partir de la revisión de las claves para la es más pequeña en sus hojas, cabezuelas identifi cación de los géneros de Asteraceae (nunca mayores a 1 cm) y en la talla ge- (Rzedowski, 1978; McVaugh, 1984), la neral de la planta, además de que señala la descripción del género Heliopsis (Fisher, distribución de H. longipes restringida a San 1954; Rzedowski y Calderón, 2008) y las Luis Potosí. descripciones de H. longipes (Gray, 1879; Blake, 1924; Fisher, 1954, 1957; Salazar, A pesar de su importancia económica y cien- 1999; Rzedowski y Calderón, 2008). El tífi ca, H. longipes estuvo escasamente reco- descriptor se afi nó con la revisión de los lectada y representada en los herbarios hasta especímenes depositados en los herbarios hace una década (Rzedowski, 1955; Salazar, MEXU y SLPM. Un órgano que es poco 1999). Las descripciones botánicas disponi- usual en las descripciones botánicas es la bles de la especie son escuetas (Blake, 1924; raíz, para la cual se detalló en este caso el Fisher, 1954, 1957; Salazar, 1999), o poco tipo, cantidad, longitud y grosor de la mis- más detalladas (Rzedowski y Calderón, ma, por ser el órgano de interés económico 2008), pues algunos datos importantes han (Cilia-López et al., 2008). Se tuvo acceso a sido omitidos (como cantidad y dimensiones una fotografía del espécimen tipo. de raíces, distribución de la pubescencia en tallos jóvenes, cantidad de entrenudos, La mejor localidad para registrar los eventos fi lotaxia, grosor del pecíolo, dimensiones de fenológicos de H. longipes fue Huertitas las cabezuelas y dimensiones del involucro, (cuadro 1), debido a su aislamiento, escaso entre otras). Además, se requiere precisar grado de aprovechamiento y bajo deterioro; datos sobre su biología, particularmente su además, porque se contó con el compromiso fenología. Por lo anterior, los objetivos de del recolector de chilcuague de esa zona, de este trabajo fueron: a) ampliar la descripción respetar el sitio durante el año de obser- botánica de H. longipes con base en espe- vación. La localidad es representativa del címenes recolectados para ello, b) discutir área de distribución del chilcuague (Cilia- las diferencias de H. longipes con sus con- López et al., 2007a), con clima C(w0), el 3 Núm. 36: 1-13 Agosto 2013 Cuadro 1. Localidades en las sierras Gorda y de Álvarez, en el municipio de Rioverde, SLP, en donde se recolectaron muestras de Heliopsis longipes.
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