How Catholic Social Teaching

HOW CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING AND IGNATIAN SPIRITUALITY INTERACT WITHIN THE PRAXIS OF THE JESUIT CONFERENCE ASIA PACIFIC SOCIAL APOSTOLATE NETWORK IN RELATION TO VULNERABLE MIGRANTS IN AND FROM ASIA Submitted by Sandra Jayne Cornish BEc, LicSocSci, MPubPol A dissertation submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. School of Theology Faculty of Theology and Philosophy Australian Catholic University Graduate Research Office Level 20, 8-20 Napier Street, North Sydney NSW 2060 Principal Supervisor: Dr Gemma Cruz Co-Supervisor: Professor Jude Butcher Date of submission: 13 December 2016. STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP AND SOURCES This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. No parts of this thesis have been submitted towards the award of any other degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution. I acknowledge the assistance of Anthony Steel BA, Dip Ed, Grad Dip RE, MA (Theol), Grad Cert Chr Spirituality, Post-grad Cert Citizenship and Human Rights, Grad Cert Higher Ed in the external validation of the analysis of the interview data as described in chapter 2. Kate Gleeson of Transcribing and Virtual Secretary Services assisted in the transcription of the interviews. I also acknowledge the professional editorial assistance provided by Christopher Brennan, STB, AE (Accredited Editor, Institute of Professional Editors [IPEd]), according to Standards D and E of the Australian Standards for Editing Practice, by the Council of Australian Societies of Editors (2001), as revised by IPEd and approved by the Deans and Directors of Graduate Studies (Australia), November 12, 2010. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgment in the main text of the thesis. All research procedures reported in the thesis received the approval of the relevant Ethics/Safety Committees. Name: Signature: Date: 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research would not have been possible without the engagement of the Jesuit Conference Asia Pacific. I thank Conference President Mark Raper SJ for endorsing and encouraging the research. Together with Social Apostolate Coordinator Denis Kim SJ and Migration Task Force Convenor Bernard Arputhasamay SJ, he facilitated on-going access to Network members for interviews and welcomed my participation in relevant meetings. I am grateful to each of them and especially to the research participants who generously shared their stories with me. It has been a privilege to journey with them and to gain insight into their personal and collective praxis. I thank Professor Robert Gascoigne for his wise guidance as my Principal Supervisor from the beginning of my research until his retirement from Australian Catholic University in 2014. I am grateful to Professor Jude Butcher for his assistance as Co-supervisor, especially regarding methodology, and for his unfailing encouragement through all manner of difficulties. I also thank Dr Gemma Cruz for accepting the task of guiding me through the final stages of my research, and for suggesting opportunities for me to present, and to publish my work along the way. Finally, I thank my husband Geoffrey Hirst, for his patience with my absences and preoccupation during these years. 3 In memory of my mother, Angelina Lucinda Cornish. Asian migrant and woman of faith. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of Authorship and Sources ....................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 3 Figures and Tables .................................................................................................................... 11 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 11 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................ 17 1.1 Purpose of the Research ......................................................................................... 17 1.2 The Research Scope and Question ......................................................................... 19 1.3 The Research Approach .......................................................................................... 21 1.4 Research Context .................................................................................................... 22 1.5 Overview ................................................................................................................. 24 1.6 Further Research..................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 2: Approach to Research, Methodology and Tools .................................................... 31 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 31 2.2 A Community Engagement Approach .................................................................... 31 2.3 Case Study Methodology ........................................................................................ 35 2.3.1 The Research Participants .................................................................................. 36 2.3.2 Data Gathering – The Interview Method ........................................................... 40 2.3.3 Data Analysis – Grounded Theory Tools ............................................................ 41 2.3.4 Internal and External Validation ......................................................................... 42 2.4 The Pastoral Spiral as a Grounded Theory Theological Framework ....................... 43 2.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 3: Catholic Social Teaching ......................................................................................... 47 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 47 3.2 An Overview of Modern Catholic Social Teaching .................................................. 47 5 3.3 Methodology and Content in CST ........................................................................... 49 3.3.1 Transitions in Methodology ............................................................................... 50 3.3.1.1 Essentialism in the Leonine Period ........................................................... 50 3.3.1.2 A More Contextual Approach in the Post–Vatican II Period .................... 53 3.3.1.3 John Paul II Responds to an Existentialist Approach ................................ 56 3.3.1.4 Francis Affirms an Evolving Tradition ....................................................... 60 3.3.2 Key Themes and Principles ................................................................................. 64 3.3.2.1 Four Key Principles .................................................................................... 64 3.3.2.2 Structures of Sin ........................................................................................ 67 3.3.2.3 A Preferential Option for the Poor ........................................................... 69 3.3.2.4 Integral Human Development .................................................................. 72 3.4 Themes in Catholic Social Teaching on Migration .................................................. 73 3.4.1 The Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences .................................................. 74 3.4.2 Migration and Its Causes .................................................................................... 76 3.4.3 The Right to Migrate and the Rights of People on the Move ............................ 79 3.4.4 Charity and Justice .............................................................................................. 82 3.4.5 The Meaning of Migration .................................................................................. 85 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 87 Chapter 4: Ignatian Spirituality ................................................................................................ 90 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 90 4.2 Ways of Understanding Ignatian Spirituality .......................................................... 90 4.2.1 A Narrative Approach ......................................................................................... 91 4.2.2 The Dynamics and Relevant Themes of the Spiritual Exercises ......................... 97 4.2.2.1 The First Week .......................................................................................... 97 4.2.2.2 The Second Week ................................................................................... 100 4.2.2.3 The Third Week ....................................................................................... 106 4.2.2.4 The Fourth Week .................................................................................... 107 6 4.2.3 “A Way of Proceeding”: Ignatian Spirituality as a Living

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