Modelling Eutrophication in Lake Ecosystems: a Review
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Wetlands Ecology and Management 12: 235–276, 2004. 235 # 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Ecohydrology as a new tool for sustainable management of estuaries and coastal waters E. Wolanski1,*, L.A. Boorman2, L. Chı´charo3, E. Langlois-Saliou4, R. Lara5, A.J. Plater6, R.J. Uncles7 and M. Zalewski8 1Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Q. 4810, Australia; 2LAB Coastal, The Maylands, Holywell, St. Ives, Cambs. PE27 4TQ, UK; 3Universidade do Algarve, CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade do Mare do Ambiente, Portugal; 4Laboratoire d’Ecologie, UPRES-EA 1293, Groupe de Recherche ECODIV ‘‘Biodiversite´ et Fonctionnement des Ecosysteemes’’, Universite´ de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France; 5Zentrum fuur€ Marine Tropeno¨kologie, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; 6Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 7ZT, UK; 7Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK; 8Department of Applied Ecology, University of Lodz, ul. Banacha 12/16, 902-237 Lodz, Poland; *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 30 June 2003; accepted in revised form 10 December 2003 Key words: Ecohydrology, Ecology, Environmental degradation, Estuary, Hydrology, Management, Sustainable development Abstract Throughout the world, estuaries and coastal waters have experienced degradation. Present proposed remedial measures based on engineering and technological fix are not likely to restore the ecological processes of a healthy, robust estuary and, as such, will not reinstate the full beneficial functions of the estuary ecosystem. The successful management of estuaries and coastal waters requires an ecohydrology- based, basin-wide approach. This necessitates changing present practices by official institutions based on municipalities or counties as an administrative unit, or the narrowly focused approaches of managers of specific activities (e.g., farming and fisheries, water resources, urban and economic developments, wetlands management and nature conservationists). -
Pelagic Phytoplankton Community Change‐Points Across
Freshwater Biology (2017) 62, 366–381 doi:10.1111/fwb.12873 Pelagic phytoplankton community change-points across nutrient gradients and in response to invasive mussels † † , ‡ KATYA E. KOVALENKO*, EUAN D. REAVIE*, J. DAVID ALLAN , MEIJUN CAI*, SIGRID D. P. SMITH AND LUCINDA B. JOHNSON* *Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, U.S.A. † School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. SUMMARY 1. Phytoplankton communities can experience nonlinear responses to changing nutrient concentrations, but the nature of species shifts within phytoplankton is not well understood and few studies have explored responses of pelagic assemblages in large lakes. 2. Using pelagic phytoplankton data from the Great Lakes, we assessed phytoplankton assemblage change-point responses to nutrients and invasive Dreissena, characterising community responses in a multi-stressor environment and determine whether species responses to in situ nutrients can be approximated from nutrient loading. 3. We demonstrate assemblage shifts in phytoplankton communities along major stressor gradients, particularly prominent in spring assemblages, providing insight into community thresholds at the lower end of the phosphorus gradient and species-stressor responses in a multi-stressor environment. We show that responses to water nutrient concentrations could not be estimated from large-scale nutrient loading data likely due to lake-specific retention time and long-term accumulation of nutrients. 4. These findings highlight the potential for significant accumulation of nitrates in ultra-oligotrophic systems, nonlinear responses of phytoplankton at nutrient concentrations relevant to current water quality standards and system-specific (e.g. lake or ecozone) differences in phytoplankton responses likely due to differences in nutrient co-limitation and effects of dreissenids. -
Goose Lake Nutrient Study (Marquette County, Michigan)
MI/DEQ/WD-04/013 Goose Lake Nutrient Study (Marquette County, Michigan) Prepared by: White Water Associates, Inc. 429 River Lane Amasa, Ml 49903 (SUBCONTRACTOR) Great Lakes Environmental Center 739 Hastings Street Traverse City, Ml 49686 (PRIME CONTRACTOR) Prepared for: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Water Division Lansing, Michigan 48933-7773 Lead Staff Person: Sarah Walsh View of Goose Lake looking northwest from the Goose Lake Outlet (Marquette County). Photo by D Premo Contract Number: 071B1001643, Project Number: 03-02 Date: December 31, 2003 Goose Lake Nutrient Study (Marquette County, Michigan) Prepared by: White 'Nater Associates, Inc. 429 River Lane Amasa, rv11 49903 (SUBCONTRACTOR) Great Lakes Environmental Center 739 Hastings Street Traverse City, Ml 49686 (PRIME CONTRACTOR) Contacts: Dean B. Premo, Ph.D., White Water Associates Phone: (906) 822-7889; Fax: (906) 822-7977 E-mail: [email protected] Dennis McCauley, Great Lakes Environmental Center Phone. (231) 941-2230; Fax: (231) 941-2240 E-mail: [email protected] Prepared for: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Water Division Lansing, Michigan 48933-7773 Lead Staff Person: Sarah Walsh Contract Number: 07181001643 Project Number: 03-02 Date: December 31, 2003 Goose Lake Nutrient Study (Marquette County, Michigan) Fieldwork: Dean Premo, Senior Ecologist David Tiller, Field Biologist Report: Dean Premo, Ph.D., Senior Ecologist Kent Premo, M.S., Technical Support Scientist Bette Premo, Ph.D., Limnologist Cite as: Premo, Dean, Kent Premo, and Bette Premo. 2003. Goose Lake Nutrient Study (Marquette County, Michigan). White Water Associates, Inc. Contents of Appendix A - Exhibits Exhibit 1. Map of the Goose Lake Study Landscape and Four Sampling Stat(ons. -
Effects of Eutrophication on Stream Ecosystems
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON STREAM ECOSYSTEMS Lei Zheng, PhD and Michael J. Paul, PhD Tetra Tech, Inc. Abstract This paper describes the effects of nutrient enrichment on the structure and function of stream ecosystems. It starts with the currently well documented direct effects of nutrient enrichment on algal biomass and the resulting impacts on stream chemistry. The paper continues with an explanation of the less well documented indirect ecological effects of nutrient enrichment on stream structure and function, including effects of excess growth on physical habitat, and alterations to aquatic life community structure from the microbial assemblage to fish and mammals. The paper also dicusses effects on the ecosystem level including changes to productivity, respiration, decomposition, carbon and other geochemical cycles. The paper ends by discussing the significance of these direct and indirect effects of nutrient enrichment on designated uses - especially recreational, aquatic life, and drinking water. 2 1. Introduction 1.1 Stream processes Streams are all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. To understand the processes that influence the pattern and character of streams and reduce natural variation of different streams, several stream classification systems (including ecoregional, fluvial geomorphological, and stream order classification) have been adopted by state and national programs. Ecoregional classification is based on geology, soils, geomorphology, dominant land uses, and natural vegetation (Omernik 1987). Fluvial geomorphological classification explains stream and slope processes through the application of physical principles. Rosgen (1994) classified stream channels in the United States into seven major stream types based on morphological characteristics, including entrenchment, gradient, width/depth ratio, and sinuosity in various land forms. -
Continental and Marine Hydrobiology Environmental Impact and Ecological Status Assessment
Continental and marine hydrobiology Environmental impact and ecological status assessment EUROFINS Hydrobiologie France is your unique partner to evaluate and monitor aquatic environments. • Evaluate the effectiveness of your installations or the impact of your discharges aquatic ecosystems • Characterize the waterbodies states according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requirements Our analytical offer On continental ecosystems On marine ecosystems Benthic and pelagic microalgae Microalgae • Biological Diatom Index (IBD, NF T90-354) • Marine phytoplankton: quantitative and qualitative analyzes, • Phytoplankton in waterbodies and streams (NF EN 15204, IPLAC) detection of potentially toxic species (NF EN 15204 and NF EN 15972) • Cyanobacteria (NF EN 15204) Marine phanerogams • Conservation status of marine phanerogam meadows (Posidonia sp, Macrophytes Zostera ssp., Cymodocea sp., etc) • Macrophytic Biological Index in Rivers (IBMR, NF T90-395) • Average Index of Coverage • Macrophytic Biological Index in Lakes (IBML, XP T90-328) • Search for protected species by professional diving Invertebrates (macro and micro) Invertebrates (macro and micro) • Standardized Global Biological Index (IBGN, NF T90-350) • Zooplankton study • WFD protocols: MPCE and I2M2 (NF T90-333 and XP T90-388) • Soft bottom macrofauna communities (WFD, REBENT, NF ISO 16665, etc.) • Large streams: Adapted Global Biological Index (IBGA) • Protected species: European/international protection • Bioindication Oligochaeta Index in Sediment (IOBS)/ Bioindication • Evaluation -
Selected Papers on “Avian Diversity and Hydrobiology”
Selected Papers on “Avian Diversity and Hydrobiology” Dr. M. Y. Kulkarni Head Dept. of Zoology N.S.B. College, ACS Nanded – 431 602 (Ms.) Dr. R. D. Barde Head Dept. of Zoology SGB College, Purna Dist.Parbhani ________________________________________________ Siddhi Publications, Nanded Maharashtra (India) Selected Papers on Avian Diversity and Hydrobiology I 1 ISBN No. 978-81-940206-5-3 © Authors All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, in retrieved system or transmitted in any form by any means without prior written permission. Published By SIDDHI PUBLICATION HOUSE Srinagar, Nanded 431605. Mob. 9623979067 Email: [email protected] Typesetting Rajesh Umbarkar Printers Anupam Printers, Nanded. Price: 100/- First Edition : 05 Feb. 2020 Selected Papers on Avian Diversity and Hydrobiology I 2 INDEX Sr. Name of Page Title of Papers No. Authors No. 1. SYNURBIZATION - R. S. Sonwane ADAPTATION OF BIRD WILD and A. B. Harkal 4 LIFE TO NANDED URBAN DEVELOPMENT 2. CONSERVATION OF AVIAN V.S. Jadhav, DIVERSITY AT SITAKHANDI V.S. Kanwate 12 FOREST IN BHOKAR TAHSHIL and A.B. Harkal OF NANDED DISTRICT [M.S.] 3. DIVERSITY AND POPULATION P. V. Darekar OF AVIFAUNA OF SANGVIKATI A.C.Kumbhar PERCOLATION TANK, TAL. 20 TULJAPUR DIST.OSMANABAD (M.S.) 4. DEEP SEA FISHERY BIO V.S.N Raghava RESOURCES - BIODIVERSITY Rao 30 AND STOCK ASSESSMENT 5. ASSESSMENT OF GROUND M. Maqdoom WATER QUALITY IN GOKUNDA TALUKA KINWAT OF NANDED 35 DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA). 6 LIFE BECOMES MEASURABLE J.U. Deshmukh DUE TO EXCESS FLUORIDE IN GROUND WATER NEARBY 43 NANDED CITY DISTRICT NANDED 7 STUDIES OF DISSOLVED V.K. -
Package 'Ecohydrology'
Package ‘EcoHydRology’ February 15, 2013 Version 0.4.7 Title A community modeling foundation for Eco-Hydrology. Author Fuka DR, Walter MT, Archibald JA, Steenhuis TS, and Easton ZM Maintainer Daniel Fuka <[email protected]> Depends R (>= 2.10), operators, topmodel, DEoptim, XML Description This package provides a flexible foundation for scientists, engineers, and policy makers to base teaching exercises as well as for more applied use to model complex eco-hydrological interactions. License GPL-2 Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2013-01-16 08:11:25 KeepSource TRUE NeedsCompilation no R topics documented: EcoHydRology-package . .2 alter_files . .3 AtmosphericEmissivity . .4 BaseflowSeparation . .5 build_gsod_forcing_data . .6 calib_swat_ex . .7 change_params . .8 declination . .8 EnvirEnergy . .9 EstCloudiness . 10 EvapHeat . 11 get_cfsr_latlon . 12 get_gsod_stn . 13 1 2 EcoHydRology-package get_usgs_gage . 15 GroundHeat . 16 GSOD_history . 17 hydrograph . 18 Longwave . 19 NetRad . 20 OwascoInlet . 21 PET_fromTemp . 22 PotentialSolar . 23 RainHeat . 24 SatVaporDensity . 24 SatVaporPressure . 25 SatVapPresSlope . 26 SensibleHeat . 26 setup_swatcal . 27 slopefactor . 28 SnowMelt . 29 SoilStorage . 30 Solar . 31 solarangle . 32 solaraspect . 32 SWAT2005 . 33 swat_general . 34 swat_objective_function . 39 swat_objective_function_rch . 40 testSWAT2005 . 40 transmissivity . 41 Index 43 EcoHydRology-package A community modeling foundation for Eco-Hydrology. Description This package provides a flexible foundation for scientists, engineers, and policy -
The Nature of Cumulative Impacts on Biotic Diversity of Wetland Vertebrates
The Nature of Cumulative Impacts on Biotic Diversity of Wetland Vertebrates I.ARRu D. HARRIS about--makes using food chain support as a variable for Department of Wildlife and Range Sciences predicting environmental impacts very questionable. School of Forest Resources and Conservation Historical instances illustrate the effects of the accumula- University of Florida tion of impacts on vertebrates. At present it is nearly impos- Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA sible to predict the result of three or more different kinds of perturbations, although long-range effects can be observed. One case in point is waterfowl; while their ingestion of lead ABSTRACT/There is no longer any doubt that cumulative shot, harvesting by hunters during migration, and loss of impacts have important effects on wetland vertebrates. Inter- habitat have caused waterfowl populations to decline, the actions of species diversity and community structure produce proportional responsibility of these factors has not been de- a complex pattern in which environmental impacts can play termined. a highly significant role. Various examples show how wet- Further examples show muttiplicative effects of similar ac- lands maintain the biotic diversity within and among verte- tions, effects with long time lags, diffuse processes in the brate populations, and some of the ways that environmental landscape that may have concentrated effects on a compo- perturbations can interact to reduce this diversity. nent subsystem, and a variety of other interactions of in- The trophic and habitat pyramids are useful organizing creasing complexity. Not only is more information needed at concepts. Habitat fragmentation can have severe effects at all levels; impacts must be assessed on a landscape or re- all levels, reducing the usable range of the larger habitat gional scale to produce informed management decisions. -
Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun
OCEANOGRAPHY – Vol.II - Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, France. Keywords: Algae, allochthonous nutrient, aphotic zone, autochthonous nutrient, Auxotrophs, bacteria, bacterioplankton, benthos, carbon dioxide, carnivory, chelator, chemoautotrophs, ciliates, coastal eutrophication, coccolithophores, convection, crustaceans, cyanobacteria, detritus, diatoms, dinoflagellates, disphotic zone, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic matter (DOM), ecosystem, eukaryotes, euphotic zone, eutrophic, excretion, exoenzymes, exudation, fecal pellet, femtoplankton, fish, fish lavae, flagellates, food web, foraminifers, fungi, harmful algal blooms (HABs), herbivorous food web, herbivory, heterotrophs, holoplankton, ichthyoplankton, irradiance, labile, large planktonic microphages, lysis, macroplankton, marine snow, megaplankton, meroplankton, mesoplankton, metazoan, metazooplankton, microbial food web, microbial loop, microheterotrophs, microplankton, mixotrophs, mollusks, multivorous food web, mutualism, mycoplankton, nanoplankton, nekton, net community production (NCP), neuston, new production, nutrient limitation, nutrient (macro-, micro-, inorganic, organic), oligotrophic, omnivory, osmotrophs, particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic matter (POM), pelagic, phagocytosis, phagotrophs, photoautotorphs, photosynthesis, phytoplankton, phytoplankton bloom, picoplankton, plankton, -
Change of Phytoplankton Composition and Biodiversity in Lake Sempach Before and During Restoration
Hydrobiologia 469: 33–48, 2002. S.A. Ostroumov, S.C. McCutcheon & C.E.W. Steinberg (eds), Ecological Processes and Ecosystems. 33 © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Change of phytoplankton composition and biodiversity in Lake Sempach before and during restoration Hansrudolf Bürgi1 & Pius Stadelmann2 1Department of Limnology, ETH/EAWAG, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] 2Agency of Environment Protection of Canton Lucerne, CH-6002 Lucerne, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Key words: lake restoration, biodiversity, evenness, phytoplankton, long-term development Abstract Lake Sempach, located in the central part of Switzerland, has a surface area of 14 km2, a maximum depth of 87 m and a water residence time of 15 years. Restoration measures to correct historic eutrophication, including artificial mixing and oxygenation of the hypolimnion, were implemented in 1984. By means of the combination of external and internal load reductions, total phosphorus concentrations decreased in the period 1984–2000 from 160 to 42 mg P m−3. Starting from 1997, hypolimnion oxygenation with pure oxygen was replaced by aeration with fine air bubbles. The reaction of the plankton has been investigated as part of a long-term monitoring program. Taxa numbers, evenness and biodiversity of phytoplankton increased significantly during the last 15 years, concomitant with a marked decline of phosphorus concentration in the lake. Seasonal development of phytoplankton seems to be strongly influenced by the artificial mixing during winter and spring and by changes of the trophic state. Dominance of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon sp.), causing a severe fish kill in 1984, has been correlated with lower N/P-ratio in the epilimnion. -
Diffuse Pollution, Degraded Waters Emerging Policy Solutions
Diffuse Pollution, Degraded Waters Emerging Policy Solutions Policy HIGHLIGHTS Diffuse Pollution, Degraded Waters Emerging Policy Solutions “OECD countries have struggled to adequately address diffuse water pollution. It is much easier to regulate large, point source industrial and municipal polluters than engage with a large number of farmers and other land-users where variable factors like climate, soil and politics come into play. But the cumulative effects of diffuse water pollution can be devastating for human well-being and ecosystem health. Ultimately, they can undermine sustainable economic growth. Many countries are trying innovative policy responses with some measure of success. However, these approaches need to be replicated, adapted and massively scaled-up if they are to have an effect.” Simon Upton – OECD Environment Director POLICY H I GH LI GHT S After decades of regulation and investment to reduce point source water pollution, OECD countries still face water quality challenges (e.g. eutrophication) from diffuse agricultural and urban sources of pollution, i.e. pollution from surface runoff, soil filtration and atmospheric deposition. The relative lack of progress reflects the complexities of controlling multiple pollutants from multiple sources, their high spatial and temporal variability, the associated transactions costs, and limited political acceptability of regulatory measures. The OECD report Diffuse Pollution, Degraded Waters: Emerging Policy Solutions (OECD, 2017) outlines the water quality challenges facing OECD countries today. It presents a range of policy instruments and innovative case studies of diffuse pollution control, and concludes with an integrated policy framework to tackle this challenge. An optimal approach will likely entail a mix of policy interventions reflecting the basic OECD principles of water quality management – pollution prevention, treatment at source, the polluter pays and the beneficiary pays principles, equity, and policy coherence. -
Wetland Eutrophication: Early Warning Biogeochemical Indicators1 Alan L
SL 304 Wetland Eutrophication: Early Warning Biogeochemical Indicators1 Alan L. Wright2 Florida’s diverse wetlands provide valuable functions, The most evident results of the nutrient inputs is the including water storage, recreation, and a habitat for replacement of the primary native sawgrass vegetation with wildlife. Most famous of these wetlands is the Everglades, cattails. This in turn has altered the ecosystem considerably. a vast wetland historically encompassing most of Florida Changes include increases in soil accumulation, water south of Lake Okeechobee. Events in the last hundred years, quality, wildlife patterns, and other environmental effects. including urbanization and agriculture, have reduced the The shift from native vegetation to cattails takes many years size of the Everglades considerably, with remnants being to occur, but it may be possible to detect changes to the the heavily-managed water conservation areas (WCAs), Everglades before vegetation can respond, thus enabling stormwater treatment wetlands, and a National Refuge, corrective action to be undertaken before more irreparable Forest, and Park. damage occurs. The objective of this document is to describe effects of Many soil and microbial properties are very sensitive to nutrients in the Everglades and identify sensitive early- eutrophication, which is the process by which nutrient levels warning indicators of ecological changes. This information are increased resulting in significant ecological effects to would be of interest to water managers and the general wetlands. By identifying these sensitive factors and under- public. standing how they respond to eutrophication, we can better protect the Everglades by utilizing these factors as early The Everglades was drained to improve water control warning indicators before the more long-term ecosystem and provide land for urbanization and agriculture.