DOCSLIB.ORG

Firefox Download for Android Mobile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Firefox download for android mobile Continue Super fast. Private by default. Blocks 2,000 online trackers. Send a link to the phone download. Firefox brings your favorite features and security to your Android and iOS devices. Learn how to install a mobile app on your phone or tablet so you can browse the web quickly and privately. Set through the market of your device Install Firefox through the official market of your device to make sure you get the best version of Firefox for your device. Most markets also automatically keep Firefox up to date. Google Play Apple App Store T Store Yandex Tip: Use sync to share your bookmarks, passwords and site preferences on all your devices. Installation from the Download Server Mozilla Installation of the latest version of Firefox for Android with the Mozilla download server is not current available, but can be offered in the future (error 1663735). Advanced Users: Available Firefox to download Android APK can be found on the fenix release page on and will be linked to the Asset List. Starting with 82 fenix, APK releases are automatically uploaded to Github. These lovely people helped write this article: Firefox, one of the most important browsers currently available, along with Google Chrome, is now also available for Android devices. Its list of features and benefits long enough to strongly consider using it as the default browser on your phone or tablet. The first interesting feature of the app is that it allows you to see browsing history, bookmarks, passwords, and even open tabs that you have on your browser computer, all just by making a couple of gestures on your Android. Naturally, to synchronize it with a computer browser, you first need to log in. The second feature is that, as in the computer version, Firefox Browser for Android has many customization options. You can add different extensions, change your overall look, and make it your own. The third feature worth mentioning is the adaptation of key shortcuts to the touch screen. You can, for example, add a website to your favorites by simply shaking the device to one side. Firefox Browser for Android is a great browser. It has everything you can ask for: it's fast, it has a perfectly functional tab system, lots of customization options, and also takes your security into account. The most widely used browsers on Android in 2018 Now that the first quarter of 2018 has grown, it's time to stop and think about the models we saw in the data collected for the first quarter of this year. In terms of browsers and their use among Uptodown users, we have seen a clear trend towards mobile devices and a fairly dramatic decline in desktop activity. In fact, 80% of all traffic generated on Uptodown takes up space using mobile devices. Overall, Uptodown has seen more than 722M sessions from January 1 to April 30 By segmenting this traffic to analyze browsers and devices that users are ingingps, we've come up with a few observations. Read more Here are all the official versions of Firefox for Android Browser developers love to complicate things. If the standard Lite client version wasn't enough, you'll now have to track beta and other experimental lines. You should take special care with Firefox, whose developer Mozilla seems to be introducing the new version monthly. Here is a list of all the company's browsers that are currently available on Android. More Download the beta for the new Firefox 57 quantum now in the relentless battle of Firefox to take on the impregnable Chrome, they hit a huge march with version 57 of their browser. The beta version for it is now for download and includes a new Servo engine whose performance could not be more o aside: Firefox is now twice as fast as it was a year ago. While Version 56 isn't set to automatically update quantum on iOS/Android and desktops until November 14, you can get a sneak peek by installing a beta via APK. More Surf Web comfortably, relying on the speed, security and power settings of the latest update at 10/07/20 There have been 8 updates in the last 6 months also available on iOS, Mac and Windows Mozilla Firefox for Android competes with many mobile web browsers, mainly Google Chrome, which is preinstalled on most Android devices, giving Chrome a much larger market share. This is unfortunate because Firefox for Android has a number of interesting and unique features such as support for add-ons, data synchronization without a Google account, and the ability to integrate search engines that Chrome won't. Pros Firefox for Android supports add-ons (aka extensions): Firefox is the only major Android browser we've found that allows you to install add-ons, although not all desktop Firefox add-ons are compatible. However, in some cases, add-on support is not required - for example, you will use the password manager's app rather than an extension. But say you want to download a flash video over Wi-Fi and then watch it later rather than streaming it via a 4G or 3G connection and eat in your monthly data cover. Chrome on Android won't let you do that. Chrome on Android also won't allow you to install the popular HTTPS Everywhere add-on, which tries to force encrypted connections to enhance privacy. And Chrome on Android doesn't make ad blockers. Custom search engines: Most people default to Google, and that's probably a good thing. But if you prefer DuckDuckGo to enhance privacy, this is not an option in Chrome on Android. In Firefox, when you go to a search function A long push in the search box opens the menu with a magnifying glass with the sign I'm next to it. Pressing this button adds this site to the list of available default search engines in Firefox. DuckDuckGo is a on this list, so you don't need to add it manually. Unfortunately, you can't quickly change from one search engine to another as you can in the desktop version of Firefox, but it's progress. Data Synchronization: Chrome users can sync their bookmarks, tabs, and navigation history on multiple devices. You can start on your phone and pick up where you left off on your laptop or tablet. But it turns out that Firefox also has synchronization, and this is done independently of any Google service. Using this means creating another account online, but Firefox synchronization can help people who want to keep their jobs and leisure browsing divided. This is important not only for privacy, but also for accurate search for offers. Cleaning up your personal data is all or nothing: if you want to erase your history, cookies, and browser cache, Chrome allows you to choose a few time frames: the last hour, the last day, the past week, the last four weeks, and the beginning of time. Firefox has only the last option. You can't just delete things that have happened recently. This is probably not a big deal for most users, but it's worth mentioning for those times when you need to fix your search suggestions (or erase some unfortunate browsing stories). Chrome also tells you how much megabyte space it takes to cache your browser. Catalog add-ons don't filter out desktop add-ons: Mozilla's addition catalog is easy enough to navigate, but we'd like to be able to switch visibility to items that are compatible with the mobile version of Firefox. It's not a perfect user experience when you find an interesting app, but you can't install it in a mobile browser. The bottom line of Firefox support for add-ons on Android allows you to refine your browsing experience for something meaningfully better than the experience that Chrome - or any other mobile browser that we've come across so far - can provide on Android. The advantage is so distinctive that it's hard to make a case for Chrome as your default choice. This advantage is mitigated by Firefox add-on directory list items that are not compatible with the mobile version of the web browser, but fortunately the most popular ones usually work on both platforms. Since Firefox is completely free to use (as are its additions, although donations to developers are welcome), you can judge for yourself with minimal investment. Mozilla Firefox for Android competes with many mobile web browsers, mainly Google Chrome, which is preinstalled on most Android devices, giving Chrome a much larger market share. This is unfortunate because Firefox for Android has a number of interesting and unique features, such as add-on support, data without a Google account, and the ability to integrate search engines that Chrome will not. Pros Firefox for Android supports add-ons (aka extensions): Firefox is the only major Android Android browser found to be allowing you to install add-ons, although not all Firefox desktop add-ons are compatible. However, in some cases, add-on support is not required - for example, you will use the password manager's app rather than an extension. But say you want to download a flash video over Wi-Fi and then watch it later rather than streaming it via a 4G or 3G connection and eat in your monthly data cover. Chrome on Android won't let you do that. Chrome on Android also won't allow you to install the popular HTTPS Everywhere add-on, which tries to force encrypted connections to enhance privacy.
Recommended publications
  • Quick Start Guide: Migrating to Always-On

    Quick Start Guide: Migrating to Always-On

    QUICK START GUIDE: MIGRATING TO ALWAYS-ON SSL Now that Google has added a rank boost for Always-On SSL (AOSSL), it makes sense to enable HTTPS across your entire Website. But where do you start? DigiCert created this guide to give you an in-depth look on how AOSSL can help you and to get you started with implementing AOSSL on your own Website. GET YOUR COMPANY ON TOP WITH AOSSL We know you’re always looking for new ways to users immediately recognize them to mean security. make your company stick out—whether that’s in By ranking higher in Google, you will be driving search engine rankings or in your customer’s minds. more traffic; and with the added security benefits of And with Google’s recent announcement that HTTPS SSL your new users will feel confident on your site, everywhere is a factor in their ranking algorithm, SSL positively affecting conversion rates. can be part of your solution. HOW AOSSL BENEFITS YOU Unlike many of the ranking factors in Google’s search The HTTPS everywhere ranking signal is standalone algorithm that are vague or difficult to measure, and is independent from any of Google’s other ranking having HTTPS everywhere is a guaranteed way to get signals or algorithms. As soon as a new HTTPS page your site ranked above your competitors. And though is indexed by Google, you get a boost in your search it’s starting out as a lightweight signal, Google has ranking just because of the HTTPS URL. While this promised that the weight of SSL as a ranking factor doesn’t mean that your page will automatically jump will increase once webmasters have time to migrate up a few ranks in search results, it does mean that you their sites.
  • Designing Secure Systems That People Can

    Designing Secure Systems That People Can

    15- SSL, PKIs, and Secure Communication Engineering & Public Policy Lorrie Cranor, Blase Ur, and Rich Shay March 3, 2015 05-436 / 05-836 / 08-534 / 08-734 Usable Privacy and Security 1 Today! • An introduction to SSL/TLS • An introduction to PKIs • Recent developments in this area • Usability issues • An activity to make it better 2 Overview • Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS) enable secure communication • Frequently encountered with web browsing (HTTPS) and more behind the scenes in app, VOIP, etc. 3 What we want to defend against • People snooping on our communications – The contents of what we’re sending – Session tokens (see, e.g., Firesheep) • Man-in-the-middle attacks – We want to authenticate that we are talking to the right site, not an imposter – Use certificates inside a public-key infrastructure 4 How we could obtain trust • Web of trust – People you already trust introduce you to people they trust – Can get complicated, doesn’t scale well – Less frequently seen in practice • Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) – Certificates are issued by certificate authorities that bind cryptographic keys to identities 5 Public-Key Infrastucture • Binding of keys to identities can be done automatically or by humans 6 What does SSL look like to users? • Compare, e.g., the following: – https://www.google.com (normal certificate) – Go to Google images and then click on an image and see what happens (mixed content) – https://otalliance.org (EV certificate) 7 What does PKI look like to browsers? • Hundreds
  • HTTP Cookie - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 14/05/2014

    HTTP Cookie - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 14/05/2014

    HTTP cookie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 14/05/2014 Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search HTTP cookie From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Navigation A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser HTTP Main page cookie, is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a Persistence · Compression · HTTPS · Contents user's web browser while the user is browsing that website. Every time Request methods Featured content the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the OPTIONS · GET · HEAD · POST · PUT · Current events server to notify the website of the user's previous activity.[1] Cookies DELETE · TRACE · CONNECT · PATCH · Random article Donate to Wikipedia were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember Header fields Wikimedia Shop stateful information (such as items in a shopping cart) or to record the Cookie · ETag · Location · HTTP referer · DNT user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, · X-Forwarded-For · Interaction or recording which pages were visited by the user as far back as months Status codes or years ago). 301 Moved Permanently · 302 Found · Help 303 See Other · 403 Forbidden · About Wikipedia Although cookies cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on 404 Not Found · [2] Community portal the host computer, tracking cookies and especially third-party v · t · e · Recent changes tracking cookies are commonly used as ways to compile long-term Contact page records of individuals' browsing histories—a potential privacy concern that prompted European[3] and U.S.
  • The Tor Browser

    The Tor Browser

    TOR By: Qui Hao (Frank) Yu and Haseeb Choudhary Agenda What is Tor? The Tor Browser What does Tor provide its users? Tor with command line apps The history of Tor Tor vs. VPN What makes up the Tor network? What NOT to do with Tor How does Tor work? - Clients perspective - Onion service perspective What is Tor? Tor stands for The Onion Router It is a open source network run by volunteers which provides its users with enhanced privacy and security on the Internet. Guard Middle Exit Node Server Node What does Tor Provide its Users? ● Who are the users of Tor? Anyone who would like to enhance their privacy and security on the Internet ● What does Tor do to provide more privacy and security for its users? ● Tor prevents websites and other services from knowing your location ● Tor prevents someone monitoring your Internet traffic (e.g. ISP, someone on your home network) from learning where you’re going and what you’re receiving from where you go ● Tor routes your traffic through more than one Tor relay so that no single relay will know both who you are and where you’re going The History of Tor ● Principle of “Onion Routing” ○ Developed by Paul Syverson, Michael G. Reed and David Goldschlag at the United States Naval Research Laboratory. ○ Developed in mid-1990’s ○ Purpose: protecting U.S. intelligence communication Online ● Alpha version of Tor - The Onion Routing Project ○ Developed by Roger Dingledine, Paul Syverson, and Nick Mathewson ○ Launched on Sept 20th, 2002 ○ Releases a year later ● The Tor Project, Inc, founded in Dec, 2006 What
  • Web Privacy Beyond Extensions

    Web Privacy Beyond Extensions

    Web Privacy Beyond Extensions: New Browsers Are Pursuing Deep Privacy Protections Peter Snyder <[email protected]> Privacy Researcher at Brave Software In a slide… • Web privacy is a mess. • Privacy activists and researchers are limited by the complexity of modern browsers. • New browser vendors are eager to work with activists to deploy their work. Outline 1. Background Extension focus in practical privacy tools 2. Present Privacy improvements require deep browser modifications 3. Next Steps Call to action, how to keep improving Outline 1. Background Extension focus in practical privacy tools 2. Present Privacy improvements require deep browser modifications 3. Next Steps Call to action, how to keep improving Browsers are Complicated uBlock PrivacyBadger Disconnect AdBlock Plus Firefox Safari Privacy concern Chrome Edge / IE Browser maintenance experience Extensions as a Compromise uBlock PrivacyBadger Disconnect AdBlock Plus Runtime Extensions modifications Firefox Safari Privacy concern Chrome Edge / IE Browser maintenance experience Privacy and Browser Extensions � • Successes! uBlock Origin, HTTPS Everywhere, Ghostery, Disconnect, Privacy Badger, EasyList / EasyPrivacy, etc… • Appealing Easy(er) to build, easy to share • Popular Hundreds of thousands of extensions, Millions of users Browser Extension Limitations � • Limited Capabilities Networking, request modification, rendering, layout, image processing, JS engine, etc… • Security and Privacy Possibly giving capabilities to malicious parties • Performance Limited to JS, secondary access Extensions vs Runtime uBlock PrivacyBadger Disconnect AdBlock Plus Runtime Extensions modifications Firefox Safari Privacy concern Chrome Edge / IE Browser maintenance experience Under Explored Space uBlock PrivacyBadger Disconnect ? AdBlock Plus Runtime Extensions modifications Firefox Safari Privacy concern Chrome Edge / IE Browser maintenance experience Outline 1. Background Extension focus in practical privacy tools 2.

  • Features Guide [email protected] Table of Contents

    Features Guide [email protected] Table of Contents About Us .................................................................................. 3 Make Firefox Yours ............................................................... 4 Privacy and Security ...........................................................10 The Web is the Platform ...................................................11 Developer Tools ..................................................................13 2 About Us About Mozilla Mozilla is a global community with a mission to put the power of the Web in people’s hands. As a nonprofit organization, Mozilla has been a pioneer and advocate for the Web for more than 15 years and is focused on creating open standards that enable innovation and advance the Web as a platform for all. We are committed to delivering choice and control in products that people love and can take across multiple platforms and devices. For more information, visit www.mozilla.org. About Firefox Firefox is the trusted Web browser of choice for half a billion people around the world. At Mozilla, we design Firefox for how you use the Web. We make Firefox completely customizable so you can be in control of creating your best Web experience. Firefox has a streamlined and extremely intuitive design to let you focus on any content, app or website - a perfect balance of simplicity and power. Firefox makes it easy to use the Web the way you want and offers leading privacy and security features to help keep you safe and protect your privacy online. Mozilla continues to move the Web forward by pioneering new open source technologies such as asm.js, Emscripten and WebAPIs. Firefox also has a range of amazing built-in developer tools to provide a friction-free environment for building Web apps and Web content.
  • The BEAST Wins Again: Why TLS Keeps Failing to Protect HTTP Antoine Delignat-Lavaud, Inria Paris Joint Work with K

    The BEAST Wins Again: Why TLS Keeps Failing to Protect HTTP Antoine Delignat-Lavaud, Inria Paris Joint Work with K

    The BEAST Wins Again: Why TLS Keeps Failing to Protect HTTP Antoine Delignat-Lavaud, Inria Paris Joint work with K. Bhargavan, C. Fournet, A. Pionti, P.-Y. Strub INTRODUCTION Introduction Cookie Cutter Virtual Host Confusion Crossing Origin Boundaries Shared Session Cache Shared Reverse Proxies SPDY Connection Pooling Triple Handshake Conclusion Why do we need TLS? 1. Authentication – Must be talking to the right guy 2. Integrity – Our messages cannot be tampered 3. Confidentiality – Messages are only legible to participants 4. Privacy? – Can’t tell who we are and what we talk about Why do we need TLS? 1. Authentication – Must be talking to the right guy Active Attacks 2. Integrity (MitM) – Our messages cannot be tampered 3. Confidentiality – Messages are only legible to participants Passive Attacks 4. Privacy? (Wiretapping) – Can’t tell who we are and what we talk about What websites expect of TLS • Web attacker – Controls malicious websites – User visits honest and malicious sites in parallel – Web/MitB attacks: CSRF, XSS, Redirection… • Network attacker – Captures (passive) and tampers (active) packets What websites expect of TLS • Web attacker – Controls malicious websites – User visits honest and malicious sites in parallel – Web/MitB attacks: CSRF, XSS, Redirection… • Network attacker Strictly stronger – Captures (passive) and tampers (active) packets What websites expect of TLS If a website W served over HTTP is secure against a Web attacker, then serving W over HTTPS makes it secure against a network attacker. What websites expect of TLS If a website W served over HTTP is secure against a Web attacker, then serving W over HTTPS makes it secure against a network attacker.
  • Be Library Smart: Protecting Your Privacy

    Be Library Smart: Protecting Your Privacy

    BE LIBRARY SMART: PROTECTING YOUR PRIVACY Browsers and Search Engines duckduckgo.com This search engine doesn’t track your activity, and their mobile app that assigns grades based on sites’ privacy offers more secure mobile browsing. startpage.com This search engine uses Google’s results but does not track your IP address or use cookies. brave.com Brave is a browser that blocks trackers and ads and automatically upgrades to https when available. Their mobile app features the same protections. torproject.org The Tor browser routes users’ activity through proxies all over the world to help provide anonymity. Add-ons/extensions disconnect.me This browser extension blocks third-party trackers. Available for Chrome, Firefox, and Opera, with laptop/desktop and mobile versions. noscript.net This browser extension disables JavaScript, Flash, and other elements of websites that can be used to track or infect a computer. Available for Firefox and Chrome. HTTPS Everywhere If a secure version of a website exists, this extension will automatically connect to it over the insecure default version. Available for Firefox, Chrome, and Opera. eff.org/https-everywhere Privacy Badger This add-on prevents websites from using invisible trackers. It learns from trackers’ behavior to block tracking across multiple sites. Available for Firefox, Chrome, and Opera. eff.org/privacybadger uBlock Origin This add-on blocks ads, trackers, and malware. Available for Firefox, Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Safari. github.com/gorhill/uBlock Brought to you by the Maryland Library Association's Intellectual Freedom Panel and the Ruth Enlow Library. BE LIBRARY SMART: PROTECTING YOUR PRIVACY Apps and Services VPN Short for Virtual Private Network, this will route your internet connection through different IP addresses to better protect your privacy.
  • Giant List of Web Browsers

    Giant List of Web Browsers

    Giant List of Web Browsers The majority of the world uses a default or big tech browsers but there are many alternatives out there which may be a better choice. Take a look through our list & see if there is something you like the look of. All links open in new windows. Caveat emptor old friend & happy surfing. 1. 32bit https://www.electrasoft.com/32bw.htm 2. 360 Security https://browser.360.cn/se/en.html 3. Avant http://www.avantbrowser.com 4. Avast/SafeZone https://www.avast.com/en-us/secure-browser 5. Basilisk https://www.basilisk-browser.org 6. Bento https://bentobrowser.com 7. Bitty http://www.bitty.com 8. Blisk https://blisk.io 9. Brave https://brave.com 10. BriskBard https://www.briskbard.com 11. Chrome https://www.google.com/chrome 12. Chromium https://www.chromium.org/Home 13. Citrio http://citrio.com 14. Cliqz https://cliqz.com 15. C?c C?c https://coccoc.com 16. Comodo IceDragon https://www.comodo.com/home/browsers-toolbars/icedragon-browser.php 17. Comodo Dragon https://www.comodo.com/home/browsers-toolbars/browser.php 18. Coowon http://coowon.com 19. Crusta https://sourceforge.net/projects/crustabrowser 20. Dillo https://www.dillo.org 21. Dolphin http://dolphin.com 22. Dooble https://textbrowser.github.io/dooble 23. Edge https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-edge 24. ELinks http://elinks.or.cz 25. Epic https://www.epicbrowser.com 26. Epiphany https://projects-old.gnome.org/epiphany 27. Falkon https://www.falkon.org 28. Firefox https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new 29.
  • Mozilla Firefox Android Free Download

    Mozilla Firefox Android Free Download

    Mozilla firefox android free download Continue Mozilla Firefox is one of the most popular browser options, offering high speed and displays versatility when adding plugins. The program is very easy on your computer resources. Experience a fast and reliable browser that is versatile and multi-commois when you use Mozilla Firefox. You've probably heard of Mozilla Firefox, one of the most used desktop browsers available. Firefox competes with other popular browsers such as Google Chrome and Opera Browser. Mozilla may offer the fastest speeds available for viewing on the Internet. Internet browsers are known for eating your computer's resources. This is especially noticeable in the consumption of Google Chrome almost all the RAM of the computer. However, Mozilla Firefox is easy, meaning that it won't consume all of your computer's resources. It uses thirty percent less memory than Chrome does. However, speed and performance are not sacrificed by this software to be easy. Your privacy is ensured when you use Mozilla Firefox, the security features in this program include anti-tracking to make sure your location remains hidden. However, you'll find that there are fewer extensions available for Firefox compared to Chrome. There's also no live support to answer any questions you may have. When you browse the Internet, you can save multiple websites, which is a great idea. However, you may regret it as bookmarks you have made are hard to find. If you don't organize the tab constantly you won't be able to browse the old bookmarks easily. But despite all the bad things in this application, it's speed and compatibility with most systems in making up for their flaws.
  • Lighting Application Suite

    Lighting Application Suite

    Lighting Application Suite 7.0 System Manual Lighting Application Suite 7.0 System Manual (original version) Edition: 04.03.15 Published by: Traxon Technologies Europe GmbH Karl Schurz-Strasse 38 Paderborn, Germany ©2014, Traxon Technologies Europe GmbH All rights reserved Comments to: [email protected] Available for free download from www.traxontechnologies.com Subject to modification without prior notice. Typographical and other errors do not justify any claim for damages. All dimensions should be verified using an actual part. Except for internal use, relinquishment of the instructions to a third party, duplication in any type or form - also extracts - as well as exploitation and/or communication of the contents is not permitted. e:cue Lighting Application Suite: - Contents 1 Changes in LAS 7.0 9 1.1 Programmer .................................................................................................. 9 2 Introduction 11 2.1 The Lighting Application Suite ....................................................................... 11 2.2 About this book ............................................................................................. 11 3 How to use this manual 12 3.1 Previous knowledge ...................................................................................... 12 3.2 Levels............................................................................................................ 12 4 About the LAS 13 4.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................
  • Certificate Authority – Registration Authority (Verifies Cert Requests) – Validation Authority (Handles Revocation)

    Certificate Authority – Registration Authority (Verifies Cert Requests) – Validation Authority (Handles Revocation)

    11. Trust on the Web Blase Ur and David Cash February 5th, 2020 CMSC 23200 / 33250 Overview • Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS) enable secure communication • Frequently encountered with web browsing (HTTPS) and more behind the scenes in app, VOIP, etc. What we want to defend against • People snooping on our communications – The contents of what we’re sending – Session tokens (see, e.g., Firesheep) • Person-in-the-middle attacks – We want to authenticate that we are talking to the right site, not an imposter – Use certificates inside a public-key infrastructure How we could obtain trust • Web of trust – People you already trust introduce you to people they trust – Can get complicated, doesn’t scale well – Infrequently seen in practice • Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) – Certificates are issued by certificate authorities that bind cryptographic keys to identities Public-Key Infrastucture • Binding of keys to identities – Certificate authority – Registration authority (verifies cert requests) – Validation authority (handles revocation) Image from Wikimedia Foundation What does SSL look like to users? • Compare, e.g., the following: – https://www.google.com (normal certificate) – Go to Google images and then click on an image and see what happens (mixed content) – https://www.thawte.com (EV certificate) What does SSL look like to users? (From Felt et al. SOUPS 2016) How does PKI look to browsers? • Hundreds of trusted certificate authorities – Certificate authorities (CAs) sign the certificates binding