Land Acquisition for Widening theCherukulam-
Amsakachery Road, Kakkodi, Kozhikode
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report Requiring Body SIA Unit
Rajagiri Outreach
Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous)
Rajagiri P.O Kalamassery Kerala Public Works Department Kochi- 683104 Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of Roads Division (North) Ph: 0484 2911330 – 332 0 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Kozhikode [email protected]
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
1.1 Project and public purpose 1.2 Location 1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition 1.4 Alternatives considered 1.5 Social impacts 1.6 Mitigation measures
Chapter 2 Detailed Project Description
2.1 Background of the project, including developer’s background and governance/ management structure 2.2 Rationale for project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the act 2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and risks 2.4 Examination of alternatives 2.5 Phases of the project construction 2.6 Core design features and size and type of facilities 2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities 2.8 Work force requirements (temporary and permanent) 2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports 2.10 Applicable legislations and policies
Chapter 3 Team Composition Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the Social Impact Assessment
3.1 List of all team members with qualification 3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to collect information for the social impact assessment 3.3 Sampling methodology used 3.4 Overview of information/ data sources used 3.5 Schedule of consultations with key stakeholders and brief description of public hearings conducted
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
1 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 4 Land Assessment
4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and primary sources 4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition) 4.3 Total land requirement for the project 4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area 4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project 4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project 4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns 4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of residential houses 4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years
Chapter 5 Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected Families and Assets
5.1 Estimation of families 5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired) 5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights 5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood 5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition 5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for proceeding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land 5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition 5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands) 5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.
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2 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 6 Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and Resettlement Site)
6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area 6.2 Income and poverty levels 6.3 Vulnerable groups 6.4 Land use and livelihood 6.5 Local economic activities 6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods 6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization 6.8 Administrative organization 6.9 Political organization 6.10 Community based and civil society organizations 6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes 6.12 Quality of the living environment
Chapter 7 Social Impact Management
7.1 Approach to mitigation 7.2 Measures to avoid mitigate and compensate impact 7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act 7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal 7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA 7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy 7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body
Chapter 8 Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework
8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures 8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations 8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical assistance if any 8.4 Timelines for each activity
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3 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 9 Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of Mitigation Plan
9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs 9.2 Annual budget and plan of action 9.3 Funding sources with break up
Chapter 10 Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation
10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators 10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles 10.3 Plan for independent evaluation
Chapter 11 Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on Acquisition
11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs 11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.
List of Tables and Figures
List of Abbreviations
References
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4 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
List of Tables
Table No, Contents Page No.
3.1.1 SIA Team 14 3.5.1 Schedule of Meetings 16 5.1.1 List of Affected Families 22 5.6 Nature of Ownership/Management of Commercial Units 34 5.6.2.A Type of Commercial Units Affected 35 5.6.2.B Type of Trees Affected 35 6.1.1 Social Group 38 6.1.2 Type of Family 38 6.1.3 Marital Status 38 6.1.4 Education Level 39 6.5 Source of Income 42 7.6 Mitigation Plan 46
List of Figures
Figure No, Contents Page No.
4.7.1 Nature of Land 19 4.7.2 Use of Land 20 4.8.1 Extent of Land 21 6.1.1 Religion 37 6.1.2 Age 38 6.2.1 Monthly Family Income 40 6.2.2 Poverty Level 40
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5 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project List of Abbreviations
SIA Social Impact Assessment
PWD Public Works Department
GO Government Order
RFCTLAAR ActThe Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
RD Revenue Department
KM Kilo Meters
LP Lower Primary
UP Upper Primary
PO Post Office
SC Scheduled Caste
OBC Other Backward Communities
UG Under-Graduation
PG Post-Graduation
BPL Below Poverty Line
APL Above Poverty Line
GoK Government of Kerala
CPI (M) Communist Party of India (Marxist)
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6 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 1
Executive Summary
1.1 Project and public purpose
Kozhikode, district capital is also one of the largest cities in the state of Kerala and a large number of people commute daily to the city for various purposes. To improve the road transportation between Kozhikode and Balussery, Kerala PWD has proposed to widen the existing road between Cherukulam and Amsakachery for 4.8 KMs in Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages. The widening of the road has been a long standing requirement for the people in the region.The project aims at eliminating traffic between Kozhikode and Balussery which in turn ensures an easier transportation in reduced time for the public.
The principle Government approval for the land acquisition through G.O 187/11 dated 31.01.2011 was expired and later in the year 2016,upon the request letter from PWD Chief Engineer (Road and Bridges), the project has resumed through G.O 496/2016/PWD.
1.2 Location
The project covers an area of 4.8 KMs in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages in KakkodiGramaPanchayat in Kozhikode district and a total area of 3.2639 Hectares of land is identified to be acquired from 166 families.The project area is a semi-urban area and the quality of living and other demographic dimensions are found as generally positive.
1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition
Considering the future traffic and to improve commercial/ living condition in the region, Kerala PWD has proposed to widen the road to 12 meters as average from the existing 6.60 meters. To achieve the aforesaid objective, the requiring body has identified land plots in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages and proposed to acquire 2.823 Hectares and 0.4409 Hectares respectively, totaling 3.2639 Hectares of land. A list of affected land owners and extent of land to be acquired from them for the project are provided in Table 5.1.1 in Chapter 5.
Acting upon the request letter from Executive Engineer, PWD (Road Section), Kozhikode Division and considering the project for public purpose, Department of Agriculture, Government of Kerala has sanctioned to fill 0.0293 Hectares of agriculture land included in Survey No. 112/1A, 112/1C in Chelannur Village through G.O (Ms) 39/2015/Agriculture dated 06-03-2015. Likewise, through G.O. (Ms) 213/2015/Agriculture dated 19-11-2015, 2.6699 Hectares of agriculture land included in Survey Nos. 15, 20, 21, 29, 30, 32, 37, 66, 79, 83, 84,
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7 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 95, 96, 111, 115, 116, 121, 122, 133, 134, 135, 147, 148 in Kakkodi village have also been sanctioned.
1.4 Alternatives considered
The project intends to widen the existing road which is considered to be one of the main roads that connects Kozhikode and Balussery and hence no alternatives considered.
1.5 Social impacts
As per the land assessment for the acquisition, 166 affected persons will lose land and the same is understood to be the major impact. Further, certain number of affected families especially the people who depends on commercial units for means of income will permanently/temporarily lose their existing livelihood opportunities. Agriculture land and compound wall of Perinjila Aided LP School will also be affected. Loss of trees such as Coconut, Arecanut, Mango and its yield should also be listed in the adverse impacts. A brief summary of major impacts are as follows
Loss of Land : 166 Families Loss of Livelihood Opportunities : 23 Families Public Organization Affected : 1 Loss of Agriculture Land Loss of Trees and Crops
Despite the negative impacts, the proposed project is expected to be beneficial for the people in the region as it ensures safer transportation and better access with other regions in the district.
1.6 Mitigation measures
For affected persons whose land will be acquired, the Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 will be applicable to the land construction of Cherukulam - Amshakachery road widening in Kozhikode District . Further recreation of common properties and livelihood opportunities along with replanting of trees will mitigate various impacts to an extent possible.
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8 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 2
Detailed Project Description
2.1 Background of the Project, including developer’s background and governance/ management structure
Roads in India are considered as the most crucial mode of transportation; being cost effective and preferred for freight and passenger transport. India has the second largest road network connecting every nook and corner of the country with its 5.23 Million Kilo Meter roads comprising of National/State Highways, Districts and Village Roads (National High Way Authority of India, Annual Report 2016-17). It is estimated that road transportation contributes nearly 4.7 % towards India’s GDP; whereas the railways contribute only 1 %. Besides its significance to the economy, roads enables social integration by connecting different regions, institutions and people across the country.
As per the Kerala PWD-Road Bridge Maintenance Policy Order (22, 10, 2016), the State has a network of roads over 1.5 Lakh KMs and except the National Highways (1542 KM), all other major roads are being constructed, maintained and managed by Kerala Public Works Department with the funding from Government of Kerala.
Kerala Public Works Department (Kerala PWD) is one of the important departments in the Government of Kerala and operates under Department of PWD. The department is responsible for design, implementation and maintenance of all public works undertaken by Government and thus improve mobility, safety and economic development of the state.
Kozhikode-Balussery road is an important road in North Keralaand the proposed Cherukulam- Amsakachery road connects Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages in ElathurConstituency, located north of Kozhikode Corporation area. The total distance of the road is estimated at 4.8 KMs and would require to be acquired 2.823 Hectares and 0.4409 Hectares of land from Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages respectively, totalling 3.2639 Hectares of land for the proposed widening of the road.
Through GO (Rt) 187/11 PWD dated 31.01.2011, an in-principle approval was given and sanctioned 305 Lacks for the land acquisition. However, the order has expired and yet the compensation for already acquired land wasn’t given to the affected parties. Later in 2016, through PWD Order No. 496/2016/PWD dated 01.03.2016, the principal order was resumed and Road and Bridges Division of the PWD has begun the preliminary processes for land acquisition.
Vide Kerala Gazette Order G.O. (P) No. 62/2018/RD dated 29.9.2018, the SIA Unit of RajagirioutREACH, Kalamassery was appointed to conduct Social Impact Assessment Study
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
9 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project and to prepare a Social Impact Management Plan as per section 4 (1) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013.
2.2 Rationale of the projectincluding how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the act Kozhikode is the largest city in North Kerala with a population of over 2 million in the urban agglomeration (Census, 2011). Construction and widening of roads in the city and neighbouring areas are quintessential for the overall development and to improve the connectivity in the region. Considering the anticipated increase in the traffic and to improve the connectivity between Kozhikode and Balussery, PWD has proposed to widen the existing road between Amsakackery and Chrukulamfor a total distance of 4.8 KMS. The project is intended to increase the average width to 12 meters from the current average of 6.60 meters.
As per Section 2 b (i) of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (RFCTLARR Act), the project fits in for public purpose.
2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and risks The total distance of the road is estimated at 4.8 KMs and would require to be acquired 2.823 Hectares and 0.4409 Hectares of land from Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages respectively, totalling 3.2639 Hectares of land for the proposed widening of the road. Considering the anticipated increase in the traffic, PWD has decided to widen the road from the current average of 6.60 meter to 12 meter.
2.4 Examination of alternatives
The project intends to widen the existing road which is considered to be one of the main roads that connects Kozhikode and Balussery. Further, the region is highly populated area and the land is insufficient to construct a bye-pass road. Also, the proposed project is expected to finish without affecting any residential buildings and a resulting displacement. Based on the research of the expert team and to limit the risk and cost, there are no suitable alternate project areas.
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10 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 2.5 Phases of the project construction
The project is planned to implement in two phases. Phase I involves whole process of land acquisition by Land Acquisition Officer appointed by Government of Kerala. Social Impact Assessment, Land Assessment, Mitigation, Compensation/Resettlement procedures etc. are included in this phase. Phase II consists tendering process, appointment of contractor, construction of road and launch thereafter for public use.
2.6 Core design features & size and type of facilities
The project covers an area of 4.8 KMs and intends to widen the road to 12 meters (Planned Average) from 6.60 meters (Current Average). Common properties such as Culvert, Bridges and other facilities will be newly constructed and renovated as per the project plan.
2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities
The proposed widening of the road requires construction of drainage, culverts, Boundary fencing, walkways and its alignment to private properties etc. Further, any requirement of infrastructural facilities which may emerge during the construction of the road should also be included.
2.8 Workforce requirements (temporary and permanent)
The appropriated combination of permanent and contract workforce will be deployed along with the right set of machineries and equipment as to be decided by Kerala PWD during tendering process.
2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports
As per the letter dated on 21-01-2019 by Assistant Engineer, PWD, Road Section, Kozhikode North, no Social Impact Assessment or related studies were carried out in the past with respect to the project. Further, any technical feasibility reports were not available to refer during this study.
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11 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 2.10 Applicable legislations and policies
The applicable laws on land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement for the proposed project land acquisition for widening theCherukulam- Amsakachery road are:
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition vide G.O (Ms) NO.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015. Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for Land Acquisition in the State in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 vide GO(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017. Right to Information Act, 2005
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12 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 3
Team Composition, Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the Social Impact Assessment
3.1 Team Members
Vide Kerala Gazette Order G.O. (P) No. 62/2018/RD dated 29.9.2018, the SIA Unit of Rajagiri outREACH, Kalamassery was appointed by Revenue (B) Department to conduct Social Impact Assessment Study of the project and to prepare a Social Impact Management Plan as per section 4 (1) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013. Further, a team was constituted with experts who have engaged in similar projects and deployed them into the project with a set of definite roles and responsibilities.
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13 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Table (3.1.1)
Sl.No Name Qualification and Experience Designation MSW 30 years in development MeenaKuruvilla 1. Chairman - SIA Unit sector
Dr.Binoy Joseph MA(HRM), LLB, Ph.D. Principal, Rajagiri 2. Consultant-SIA 22 years in teaching, College of Social research and training Sciences MA, DSS, 27 years in development 3. Maria Tency V S Research Associate sector 23 years in development DSS, 4. Ranjith K U sector Research Associate
BA 24 years in development 5. Biju C P Development Officer-SIA sector
MSW 2 Year experience in 6. Tony Babu Research Associate development sector
MSW 2 Year experience in Mithun Mathew 7. Research Associate development sector MSW 2 Year experience in Jerin J 8. Research Associate development sector
3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to collect information for the social impact assessment
As per the report of PWD Roads Division of Kozhikode (North), 166 plots of land were identified and alignment stones were planted upon the approval from Chief Engineer, PWD. Since the extent of land and degree of impact varies from one affected party to another, a population Socio Economic Survey was conducted to collect the information. Further, Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussion were also held to understand depth of the impact due to implementation of the project.
To collect primary information directly from the land owners and other affected persons through Socio-Economic-Impact Survey, field investigators have visited households in the region through a structured questionnaire. Further, to collect the information and assess the impact of the affected parties whose residence are not in the vicinity, a telephonic survey was held with the same questionnaire schedule.
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14 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interviews of Affected Persons, Administrators, Civil Officers, Road Committee and other important stakeholders were also held by the expert qualitative researchers of the SIA Unit to gather common, specific and perceived impact of the project. The published reports from Government of Kerala, PWD Roads Section (North)-Kozhikode and Road Committee were also referred in this study.
3.3 Sampling Methodology Used
As the size of land to be transferred for the project by the affected person and extent of impact due to latter is unique for each, a population Socio-Economic-Impact Survey was found to be appropriate over sampling method. Further, the respondent size was found to be 166 land owners and was possible to collect the information in the limited timeframe as per the scheme of the study.
3.4 Overview of Information/ Data Sources
Both primary and secondary information were collected and analysed through mixed method by the expert quantitative and qualitative researchers. Secondary information and published reports from concerned PWD/Revenue/Civil Stations were collected/ referred by the field investigators at multiple stages.
A structured questionnaire was prepared, tested and validated to collect information from affected persons through Socio-Economic-Impact Survey. Out of the 166 affected persons, 149 have participated directly in the survey and provided the information. Survey contained questions aimed to collect the information such as Demographic/ Economic/ Family/ Livelihood, details of performing/non-performing assets in the project land and the types/degree of impact. The response and data points were analysed through a statistical software and findings have reported along with recommendations.
3.5 Schedule of consultations with key stakeholders and brief description of public hearings conducted
As part of the study, multiple meetings/interviews/discussions were held with important stakeholders. The public hearing with the participation of Project Affected Persons (PAP),
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15 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Requiring Body Representatives, Land Acquisition Officer and other critical stakeholders is on February 16, 2019.
Table (3.5.1)
Date Activity/Event/Meeting Venue
29-12-2018 Pilot Study Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages
29-12-2018 Meeting with Land Acquisition Officer Civil Station, Kozhikode December Socio-Economic Survey, Focus Group Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages 30, 2018 to Discussions and Key Informant January 10, Interviews 2019 10-01-2019 Meeting with Kerala PWD Officer in Civil Station, Kozhikode Charge
Distribution of Notice and broadcasting Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages about Public Hearing Meeting
16-02-2019 Public Hearing Government UP School, Ottathengu, Kakkodi
Final Report Submission
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16 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
Chapter 4
Land Assessment
4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and primary sources
The project aims to widen the Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages of KakkodiGramaPanchayat in the district of Kozhikode for 4.8 KMs. The project area is understood to be a semi-urban area.
4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition)
The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road Widening project involves acquisition of land plots from 166 affected persons in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages in Kozhikode district. While majority of the land is kept unused, the remaining plots are being used for residential, farming and
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
17 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project commercial purposes. The project also causes cutting of trees in the affected lands and also has adverse effect on 26 commercial units.
As per the land assessment for the acquisition, 166 affected persons will lose land and the same is understood to be the major impact. Further, 23 number of affected families especially the people who depends on commercial units for means of income will permanently/temporarily lose their existing livelihood opportunities. Agriculture land and compound wall of Perinjila Aided LP School will also be affected. Loss of trees such as coconut Tree, Areca, Mango etc. is also anticipated and hence the same along with the yield from these trees should also be considered while measuring the impact. ( Reference- Table No. 5.6.2A, 5.6.2.B)
4.3 Total land requirement for the project
The project is being implemented in 3.2639 Hectares of Land in Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages and the identified plots belongs to 166 affected persons.
4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area
Apart from the land owned by 166 individuals, compound wall of Perinjila Government LP School will also be affected with the project implementation.
4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project
As per the 4-1 notification, ownership of 42 plots in the project area were transferred to Kerala PWD in the year 2005 covering 500 meters between Sasidhara Bank and Ottathengu junction. However, the compensation and other proceedings weren’t held as on date and the land properties of the latter is included in the study.
The proposed widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery road is approximately 4.8 KMs long and would require 3.2639 Hectares to be acquired to increase the average width to 12 meters from the current 6.60 meters. As per the reports from PWD, Roads Division, Kozhikode (North), there are 149 plots of land to be acquired in Kakkodi Village of MakkadaDesom which constitute 2.8230 Hectares. The remaining 0.4409 Hectares of Land is located in Chelannur Village of ThamarasseryDesom and is spread into 17 plots. With the stated land, PWD intent to construct two lane traffic with drainage and footpath on both side along the existing road
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18 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project
The project land is located atKakkodiGramaPanchayat; spread in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages in Kozhikode district. Majority of the affected land (54 %) are residential land; each plot having variety of trees and plants. As per the survey, 12 commercial units which are adjacent to the existing road will also be affected while the widening as proposed. The road begins at Cherukulam city (11.335261, 75.775658) and via Makkada and Koodathumpoyilconnects Kozhikode and Balussery main road at Chelannur (11.331317, 75.809146). The land is understood to be suitable for the road construction and the presence of wet land is limited in the project area.
4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns
Among 166 total affected persons, 149 have participated in the survey. 54 % of the surveyed area (N-81) is classified as open residential land; whereas 35 % of the land is reported to be converted residential land (N-52). Number of agriculture fields to be affected due to the project is estimated at 16 as per the conducted survey records.
Figure (4.7.1)
Nature of Land 90 81 80 70
60 52 50 40 30 20 16 10 0 Open Land Nilam Nilam Nikathu Purayidam
Majority of land plots (N-83) are kept unused, yet with various types of trees growing in it. 45 plots are residential land and 18 plots are being used for farming and agriculture purposes.
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19 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Paddy farming is not very prevalent in the affected area as only one paddy field is to be affected. However high yield coconut trees, areca, mangoes trees, jackfruit trees, plantain etc. among others are present in the affected land. 3 plots have uses other than the above.
Figure (4.7.2)
Use of Land
3
45
83
18
Unused Agriculture Residential Others
4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of residential houses
As given in the figure 4.8.1, 52 affected persons owns less extent of land (1-10 cents). There are 29, 26 and 12 affected land owners each hold total land in the band of 11-20, 21-30 and 31-60 cents respectively. Whereas, 30 affected owners hold more than 60 cents.
About half of the affected persons have bought the land (49.7 %) from third parties; whereas the other half (48.3 %) owns the land as inherited property. The existing ownership of land is registered and recorded between 1964 and 2015 period by the affected persons. 45 residential houses are reported to be in the project vicinity, however none is found to be affected directly due to the proposed widening of the road.
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20 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
Figure (4.8.1)
More than 60 Cents 30
31-60 12
21-30 26
11-20 29
1-10 52 Extent Extent of Land inCents 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of Plots
4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years
The market value of the land per cent is reported to be between INR 3,00,000 and 5,00,000 per Cent and will be varied based on the value in the specific area. Except one transfer of ownership within the family, no transaction was held in the last three years and there were no major changes in the farming and other uses of land in the project area.
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21 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
Chapter 5
Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected Families and Assets
5.1 Estimation of families
As per the released document from Revenue Department, there are 166 affected families whose land have to be acquired for the proposed widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road. However, through the Socio Economic Census Survey, the SIA team of Rajagiri Outreach has found only 149 affected families and their details are given in this chapter. It is observed that the remaining (17) families live elsewhere and their contact details are not available and This has to be considered as limitation of this study.
5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired)
The following table covers available list of directly affected person, address and extent of land to be acquired with the survey number. Table (5.1.1)
Sl. Survey Extent of Name and Address No. Number Land 1 135/1E1, 0.0390 Sathyanandhan, Pushpaka House Makkada PO Kacheri 135/1C Road , Kakkody
2 135/1E1 0.0390 RajendraPrasadh,Leelamrutham House Makkada PO Kacheri Road , Kakkody
135/1D1 0.0316 Satheeshan, Satheeshvihar House, Makkada PO 3 Kacheri Road , Kakkody
4 135/1D1 0.0316 Shaji A, Satheeshvihar House, Makkada PO Kacheri Road , Kakkody
5 135/15 Rajeshkumar, Shanthikrishna, Vazhipokkilnilam, Makkada PO Kakkody
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22 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 6 121/52 Chandran, VKR GurickalNilayamMakkada PO Kakkody
7 111/8A 0.0423 Vinodh, Ancheri House Makkada PO Kakkody
8 114/4 TP Mumthas , Makkada PO Kakkody
9 181/2, Prayoganan, KuzhiyanickalThazhath House, Makkada PO Kakkody 115/1A1 A 10 111/45 Gopidasan, Sreenilayam House Kacheri Road Makkada PO Kakkody
11 111/87 Sreenivasan, KayyattailThazhath House, Makkada PO Kakkody
12 115/1A1 0.0237 Asokan, KuzhiyanickalThazhath House Makkada PO A Kakkody
13 121/58, Sadhanandan, Vanasree House Makkada PO Kakkody 132/33
14 114/4 MammadhKoya, RaziyaManzil House, Peechangadithazham
15 121/3A Dayalnadh, Nivedhyam House, Makkada PO Kakkody
16 111/30 Anilkumar, Ancheri House, Makkada PO Kakkody
17 121/43 Sunilkumar, Anugraha House Makkada PO Kakkody
18 115/1A1 0.0391 Girish, Thelakkatttil House KoodathumpoilMakkada C PO Kakkody
19 115/2B 0.0083 Raveendran, Keerthana House, Makkada PO Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
23 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 20 116/1C SudhaVijayendran, Vasudha House, ParthasarathyMakkada PO Kakkody
21 97/121 Chandrashekaran, Sapthaswara House, Makkada PO Kakkody
22 97/1K2 N. Thankamani, Urungattil House, Makkada PO Kakkody
23 97/145 Sarojini, Uthradam House, Makkada PO Kakkody
24 97/193 Jayaprakash, Kpoodathil House Makkada PO Kakkody
25 Balan, Ambady House, KoodathumpoilMakkada PO Kakkody
26 137/2A Pavithran, Cheepilatt House Makkada PO Kakkody
27 112/2C 0.0201 Diamond Silicate, Kacheri Road, Chelannur, Calicut
28 148/66 Pushpa, Mambattu House Makkada PO Kakkody
29 147/6A 0.0376 Prakashan T, VeluthedathThazhath House, Makkada PO Kakkody
30 113/3 0.0480 Shaji M, JitheshNilayam, Chelannur PO Kozhikode
31 113 SavithriAntharjanam, Kailas House, Chelannur PO Kozhikode,
32 113/3 0.0480 V P Chandran, Chandrodhayam House Kacheri Road, Chelannur
33 112/28 Nandhakumar, Krishnasree House Kacheri Road Chelannur.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
24 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 34 148/6A 0.0602 Sreevardhas, Sreenilayam House, Kacheri Road Makkada PO Kakkody
35 147/6A 0.0376 N Sadanandhan, PuthencherithazhamNirmalyam House Kacheri Road Chelannur.
36 148/5A 0.0049 SatheeshKumar, Sindhoori House, Kacheri Road, 148/4A 0.0127 Makkada PO Kakkody
37 148/3C 0.0103 KP Purushothaman, Greeshmam House, Makkada PO Kakkody
38 P T Rajan, Putheriparambaththazhath House Makkada PO Kakkody
39 135/1F3 0.0236 Krishnan K, Kayyattalil House Kakkody
40 135/1B1 Vinodhini, Prashanthi House, Makkada PO Kakkody
41 113/1A 0.0077 Aneesh AP, Vadakkel House Chelannur
42 198/3C Chandhukutty, Anirudh House, KecheriroadKakkody
43 135/1G Devasi,Shalom House, ChenchilanilayamRoadMakkada PO Kakkody
44 148/6C Narayanan,Kacheri road KoodathumpoilKakkody
45 113/1 Karunakaran Nair, Vadakkel house Chelannur PO Kozhikode
46 181/2 RamakrishnanKuzhiyanickalthazhath House Makkada 115/1A1 PO Kakkody A 47 121/36 Pradheepkumar, Koderi House, Makkada PO Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
25 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 48 121/36 Sreedharan Nair, Thapasya House,
49 121/10C 0.0219 Rathnamma, Sisiram House CheepilathMakkada PO 121/8C 0.0097 Kakkody
50 121/5C Karunakaran, Green view House Makkada PO Kakkody
51 Anandhan, Cheepilattu House Koodathumpoil, Kakkody
52 135/1E3 0.0111 Suresh Babu, Sreevalsam House, Kacheri Road 212/2 Kakkody
53 Shakir, ZibadManzil, Parambaththazhath House Kacheri Road Kakkody
54 135/10 Surendran KP, Parambaththazhath, Vishnu BhavanKakkody
55 133/27 Ramdas, Sreethilakam House, Koodathumpoil, Kakkody
56 133/11B 0.0448 Rathnakaran P,
57 131/1 0.0137 Sureshan, Ancheri House, Makkada PO Kakkody
58 81/30 Velayudhan, Kambrath House Makkada PO Kakkody
59 81/30 Aandikutty, Kambrath House, Makkadsa PO Kakkody
60 81/5B 0.451 Vasu, Kambrath House Makkada PO Kakkody
61 115/2B 0.0083 Sathyan, NagathParambath House, Makkada Po Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
26 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 62 115/1A1 0.0391 PavithranSooryodhayam House, Makkada PO Kakkody C
63 121/4B 0.0268 Shaji, LeeenaNivasMakkada PO Kakkody
64 121/4B 0.0268 Santhosh Kumar, LeenaNivas, Makkada PO Kakkody
65 133/1 0.0137 Sasidharan, Anchery House Makkada PO Kakkody
66 83/3 0.0430 HaridasanKoodathil House Makkada PO Kakkody
67 83/3 0.0430 Vijayakumar Gurucharan House Ottathengu , Makkada PO Kakkody
68 83/1 0.0823 Ummar, AlangattThazham House, Ottathengu, Makkada PO Kakkody 69 29/1A 0.0572 V P Rajagopal 135/1E3 0.0111 BhagavathiParambathThazhathuNilam, Makkada PO Kakkody 70 66/1A 0.0404 Prabhavathi VP 66/26 ValiyaparambathuThazhamValappil House Makkada PO Kakkody 71 66/14 0.0404 Mohandas 66/1A ValiyaparambathThazhamValappil House Makkada PO Kakkdy 72 66/20 Radhakrishnan 66/14 ValiyaParambathThazhamValappil House Makkada PO Kakkody 73 29/56 Harindran Ashtapathy Ottathengu, Opp.Milk Society Makkada PO Kakkody 74 32/1 Appuraj Thirumalayam House Choikutty Road Makkada Po Kakkody 75 32/1D 0.2049 Ravi Kunnathumkandi House Makkada PO Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
27 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 76 30/6A 0.0130 Sadasivan 30/3A 0.0031 Kailas House KambilithazamMakkada PO Kakkody
77 30/6A 0.0130 Sherifa 30/1A JaseelaManzil House, Ottathengu, Makkada PO Kakkody 78 32/33 Surendran KM Sreelakshmi House Koliyerithazham, Makkada PO Kakkody 79 20/2A3 Balakrishnan K K KKuniyil, Nirmal House CherukulamMakkada, Kakkody 80 20/45 Kuttan Nalinam House Choibazar, Makkada PO Kakkody
81 83/25 Gangadharan 84/61 Cheruveettil House Ottathengu, Makkada PO Kakkody
82 30/19 Leelavathiyamma Manattil House Makkada PO Kakkody
83 29/1A 0.0572 Shanmugan Bagavathiparambath House Makkada PO Kakkody
84 29/8 0.0572 Viswambaran 29/1A Bagavathiparambath House Makkada PO Kakkody
85 66/3A 0.0247 Jayasree Top Gear, Makkada PO Kakkody
86 66/12 IsiriKoya 83/18 Athangattuthazham House 83/19 Makkada PO Kakkody 66/13 87 95/2C 0.0124 Mohanlal KeezhettamvallyMakkada PO Kakkody
88 95/2C 0.0124 Aseez Keezhettamvellithazham house Makkada PO Kakkody 89 84/1A3 0.0257 Viswanathan Nidhinam house Makkada PO Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
28 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 90 83/9 Rahul Rosna House, Makkada PO Kakkody
91 81/2B 0.0034 Anilkumar Kukkudumbil House Makkada PO Kakkody 92 12/463, RakeshLal 12/464 NarangalilThazhath House Makkada PO Kakkody 93 81/30 Aandikutty Kambrath House Makkada PO Kakkody 94 15/10C 0.0094 Moidheen Pokkrathazhath House Makkada PO Kakkody
95 15/8C 0.0041 SayyedNoordhin ShujaAthManzil house Makkada PO Cherukulam
96 37/2 0.0427 Pradeepan Thekkayil House Makkada PO Kakkody
97 37/2 0.0427 Sivan 15/36 Kamburath House Makkada PO Cherukulam
98 15/3A 0.0730 Pavithran Kampurath House Makkada PO Kakkody
99 15/3A 0.0730 Leela Sivaramanilayam House Makkada PO Kakkody 100 20/2A1 0.0076 Choikutty Kizhakkekuniyil House Makkada PO Cherukulam
101 20/40 Isahak Kummungalthazham House Makkada PO Kakkody
102 32/1A 0.1177 Jayarani Siva Smrithi House KummungalThazhamMakkada PO Kakkody 103 32/1A 0.1177 Baby 32/1D 0.2049 Sreepournami House Makkada PO Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
29 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 104 59/2 Vasudevan 30/5C 0.0111 Manathilthazhath House Makkada PO Kakkody 105 60/3 Marakkar AS Abdul Rasaq 65/2 Thazhemannathil House Makkada PO Kakkody
106 82/12 0.1177 Usman 32/1A Bethulharam house Makkada PO Kakkody 107 32/32 Syamprasadh Vaaliyilkoliyathazham House Makkada PO Kakkody 108 32/1C 0.0079 Sreenivasan . Koliyeri house Makkada PO Kakkody 109 32/1A 0.1177 Raghu KoliyethazhamSreesylam House Makkada PO Kakkody
110 32/24 Sooraj K Vrindavanam Near Choikutty road Makkada PO Kakkody 111 32/1A 0.1177 Babu Kunnathukandiyil House Near Choikutty Road Makkada PO Kakkody 112 30/5C 0.0111 Anilkumar Sauparnika House Makkada PO Kakkody 113 21/3A 0.0197 Manoj Kumar Archana House KummangalthazhamMakkada PO Kakkody 114 21/3A 0.0197 Shailaja 21/4A 0.0028 Sreekrishna House Koliyerithazhammakkada PO Kakkody 115 21/3A 0.0197 Balaraman Kala House Makkada PO Kakkody
116 29/35 Sreedevi Yadhavam house Makkada PO Kakkody Via 117 29/58 Indhuchoodan B.P house BhagavathiparambathMakkada PO Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
30 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 118 96/1C 0.0433 K. Haridasan Keezhattamvally House makkada PO Kakkody
119 95/22 Rajan Lakshmi ragam House Makkada PO Kakkody
120 95/1C 0.0303 Sukumaran Nakshatra house Makkada PO Kakkody 121 95/12 Usman DharVihindha House Makkada PO Kakkody 122 95/11 Baburaj Vilas house Makkada PO Erattavallithazham, Calicut
123 84/71 T Mammadhkoya Nusaibas House Makkada PO Kakkody
124 84/70 Saina Thayyil House Makkada PO Kakkody
125 84/84 Anwar Sadath SafaMahal house Makkada PO Kakkdody
126 84/1A1 0.0381 Raghu SankarMahal House Ottathengu, Makkada PO Kakkody 127 10/A Basheer Ozhembrath house Makkada PO Kakkody 128 95/25 Mohan Lal Meparambathu House Makkada PO Kakkody
129 115 Mohammadh P P Complex Makkada PO Kakkody
130 Madhavan Nair Mainakam House CherukulamMakkada PO Kakkody 131 135/E3 Rajan Nair 129/1A Arangatt House Kacheri road Makkada PO Kakkody
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
31 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 132 21/3 Thankam 2D, PVS Appartments, Phase 2two, YMCA Cross Road Calicut 133 15/3A 0.0730 Sunil Kumar Vadakkedathu House Makkada PO Kakkody 134 83/29 Shija 83/30 Anchery House Makkada PO Kakkody
135 81/2B 0.0034 Prakashan Nediyadath House Karaparamba Po Kozhikode
136 83/25 Gangadharan 84/64 Cheeruveettil House Makkada PO Kakkody 137 84/1A3 0.0257 Ramachandran Nair 84/1A1 0.0381 BindhuNivasUriyedath house Makkada PO Kakkody 138 121/76 Joy Mukkath House KoodathumpoilMakkada PO Kakkody
139 37/2 0.0427 Suresh Thenniyil House Makkada PO Kakkody
140 95/1A 0.0111 Salim Haji
141 135/121 BaijuParambathThazhath Kakkodi PO Koodathumpoil
142 135/18E3 Shakeer, ZibadManzil ParambathThazhath House Kacheri Road Kakkodi
143 135/1E3 0.0111 Kambramban house Koodathumpoil Makkada P O Kakkodi
144 134/2B 0.0102 Viswanathan T Vismayam House Kacheri Road Makkada PO Kakkodi
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
32 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights
The project is aimed at widening the existing road that goes through semi urban areas in Kozhikode district. Neither any forest land nor land of any scheduled tribes are to be acquired as part of the project. However, land properties of 6 Scheduled Caste families will be affected without any deviation of special rights or whatsoever.
5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood
Except the electricity posts in both the sides throughout the area, no major common property and resources are found to be affected with the proposed widening of Cherukulam- Amsakachery road.
5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition
No families in recent years were assigned land by any government and no such land will be affected.
5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for preceding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land
None of the affected families have bought land in the proposed project area in the last three years. While half of the affected persons inherited ancestral land properties, the remaining have purchased land for residence and farming before three years.
5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition
The SIA team has found 26 commercial units which have been engaged in business activities in the last three years. 2 units have not responded in the research. The nature of ownership and management of the remaining 24 units are explained below
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
33 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
Table (5.6.)
S # Nature of Ownership/ Management No. of Units
1 Solely owned and managed 9 2 Run business on rented building 8 3 Runs business on partnership 3 4 Business Units which are not functional 4
Out of 24 units, the road widening project is expected to affect income of 15 shops, wherein 8 shops have to be completely shut down. 8 others business owners have responded that the project will not affect its sources of income. The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road will also affect 28 people employed in the commercial units in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages.
5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands)
Employees working in the commercial unites are understood to be affected with the proposed acquisition of land for widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road.
5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.
The following commercial units are expected to be affected by the proposed project.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
34 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
Table (5.6.2.A)
S # Types of Business No. of Units 1 Vegetable Shop 3
2 Grocery Shop 3
3 Light & Sounds Systems 1
4 Coconut Processing Units 4
5 Bakery 3
6 Tailoring Shop 1
7 Automobile Workshop 1
8 Furniture Units 2
9 Mobile Phone Sales and Service Unit 1
10 Hair Saloon 1
The major trees to be lost for the project are as follows
Table (5.6.2.B)
No. of S # Types of Tree Units
1 Coconut 376 78 2 Areca
3 Jackfruit Tree 34
4 Plantain 268
5 Mango Tree 65
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
35 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 6
Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and Resettlement Site)
6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area
Kakkodi and Chelannur are two prominent villages in KakkodiGramaPanchayat in Kozhikode district and the proposed widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road will have varied impact on the people directly and indirectly. Socio-economic profile of 149 affected families are given here. It is reported that 16 affected persons have not participated in the survey and hence the findings are not exhaustive.
As given in the figure 6.1, Hinduism is the most prevalent religion in the area with 124 families following the same. While 20 families follow Islam, 1 family has Christian faith and 4 families have no inclination to identify themselves with any religion.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
36 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
While 70 families belong to Other Backward Community (OBC), 67 families fall in the General category. Number of Schedule Caste (SC) families is 6 and the remaining 6 families have not disclosed the information. (Table 6.1.1)
Table 6.1.2 explains the type of family systems of the affected population. Nuclear family system is being followed widely in 139 families. While 8 families maintain joint family system, 2 affected persons are individuals with no other member in the family.
In the process of enumeration, it is found that 593 people (Male- 297 and Female- 312) live in 149 affected families. As furnished in Figure 6.1.2, population of children and young adults is high as the former (0—17) counts as 105 and latter (18-45) as 240. Population of senior citizen (Above 60 years) is reported as 101 in 149 families.
As per the survey, 60 % of the entire population are married. While No. of unmarried population is 214, 23 persons are reported to be either widow/widower. (Table 6.1.3)
As reported information of 516 people, one of the affected person is illiterate and 71 have either lower or upper primary school education. It is enumerated that 153 people have either completed/pursuing high schooling; whereas 89 have higher secondary education in the academic career. 163 people have completed/pursuing UG/PG/Engineering course and no. of affected persons completed/pursuing other professional courses is counted as 39. (Table 6.1.4)
Figure (6.1.1)
Religion
1 4
20
124
Hindu Muslim Christian None
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
37 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Table (6.1.1)
No. of Social Group Families SC 6 OBC 70 GENERAL 67 None 6 149
Table (6.1.2)
No. of Type of Family Families Joint Family 8 Nuclear Family 139 Individual 2 149
Figure (6.1.2)
Age 90 80 83 70 60 54 50 46 47 46 40 43 43 36 30 32 27 26 20 20 20 22 18 20 10 10 0
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
38 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Table (6.1.3)
No.of Marital Status Persons Married 355 Unmarried 214 Widow/Widower 23 Separated 1 593
Table 6.1.4
No. of Level of Education Persons Illeterate 1 1-4 33 5-7 38 8-10 153 11-12 89 B.Tech 24 M.Tech 4 UG 99 PG 36 Other Professional Courses 39
6.2 Income and poverty levels
Among the surveyed population, 132 families have given the information on monthly income in the family. As furnished in Figure 6.2.1, monthly income of about half of the population (48.48 %) is less than INR 10,000. While 24 families have monthly income of between INR 10,001 and 20,000, 39 families have an income of less than INR 50,000, but higher than INR 20,000 per month. Income of 5 families is found to be high as compared to their peers and members of these family earns over INR 50,000 each and every month.
Total No. of adult earning members in the surveyed population is reported as 184; whereas the total No. of dependants is 365 making a ratio of 1:2.
Figure 6.2.2 furnishes poverty level of the project affected families and 1.5 % of the families hold Yellow ration card which represents most economically backward section of the society.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
39 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project However the income level is better than the former, 12.9 % of the families live under Below Poverty Line (BPL) as they hold pink ration card. As 44.7 % and 40.9 % families hold Blue and White Ration card respectively, it is understood that major population live Above Poverty Line (APL) in the project affected villages.
Figure (6.2.1)
Monthly Family Income
Above 50000 5
40001- 50000 14
30001- 40000 10
20001- 30000 15
10001-20000 24
5001-10000 31
1000-5000 33
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Figure (6.2.2)
% of Families With different Ration Card Indicating Poverty Level
50.0 44.7 45.0 40.9 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 12.9 10.0 5.0 1.5 0.0 Pink Blue Yellow White
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
40 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 6.3 Vulnerable groups
The proposed project covers an area of 4.8 KMs and spread in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages in Kozhikode district. Though major aspects of Human Development Index such as education, income, health etc. are found to be positive, there are certain vulnerable groups who would require special attention while implementing the project. Children under 18 years of age constitutes 17.7 % of the surveyed population and elders whose age is above 60 years would make 18 %. Further, there are 6 Scheduled Caste families and 23 widow/widowers. Both categories along with former two are qualified to be amongst vulnerable group.
6.4 Land use and livelihood
As furnished in Figure 4.7.1, 54 % of the surveyed area (N-81) is classified as open residential land; whereas 35 % of the land is reported to be converted residential land (N-52). Number of agriculture fields to be affected due to the project is estimated at 16 as per the conducted survey records.
Majority of land plots (N-83) are kept unused, yet with various types of trees growing in it. 45 plots are residential land and 18 plots are being used for farming and agriculture purposes. Paddy farming is not very prevalent in the affected area as only one paddy field is to be affected. However high yield coconut trees, areca, mangoes trees, jackfruit trees, plantain etc. among others are present in the affected land. 3 plots have uses other than the above. (Figure 4.7.2)
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
41 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
6.5 Local economic activities
Business and working in the commercial units together makes the largest source of income in the project area. The location also has a large base of retired workers and army men (14.7 %) and pension is their main source of income. While farming is the sole livelihood opportunity for 5.9 %, 12.5 % of the population works for daily wage. As driving and private company jobs contributes income to 7.4 % of the families each, there are 5.9 % of familiesdepend income from jobs in foreign countries. Teaching, Jobs in government department/banking etc. would also help certain population for means of livelihood.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
42 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Table (6.5)
% Share Source of Income of Income Government Job 4.4 Farming 5.9 Daily Wage Job 12.5 Job in Foreign Country 5.9 Teaching 3.7 Business 22.8 Private Company Job 7.4 Pension 14.7 Driving 7.4 Other 15.4
6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods
Education level of the project affected villages are high and majority of them are employed with government and private organisations. The road under the plan goes through three major towns and commercial units also contribute for the livelihood of the people. Further, yield from coconut trees and areca also constitutes income sources of the families.
6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization
As observed by the expert team of SIA, people generally live in harmony and work together for the development of the region. To render school education, two government schools are functioning in the project area. The region also has different clubs and associations to promote sports, art, reading etc. among community.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
43 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
6.8 Administrative organization
Chelannur Block Panchayat office, Government Veterinary Hospital and Literacy Mission Office, GoK are the major administrative organisations present in the project area.
6.9 Political organization
The project location has offices of major political parties and is observed that a regional office of CPI (M) in Parathasarathy Junction may be affected. Further, the area has a special informal group named ‘Road Committee’ constituted for the development of the proposed road and to work for the welfare of the project affected families.
6.10 Community based and civil society organizations
Though the project area has presence of all major religions, Hinduism is the dominant religion and has two temples in Kachery Road and Parathasarathy Junction.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
44 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes
The project covers an area of 4.8 KMS in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages of Kozhikode district. The area was ruled by different kingdom over the years including zamorins. Due to its close access with Kozhikode city, the villages had close tie up with ancient foreign traders for different mercantile activities. After the British rule, Government of Kerala has implemented its administration in the region.
6.12 Quality of the living environment
Major population in the project area live Above Poverty Line with access to facilities such as Schools, Hospitals, Civil Organisations, Social Groups etc.. Due to its close access with Kozhikode, the largest city in North Kerala, the facilities in the city are also being used widely for tertiary care hospitals, higher education etc. The distance to major railway station and airport is estimated at 12 KMs and 30 KMs respectively.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
45 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Chapter 7
Social Impact Management
7.1 Approach to mitigation
To assess the mitigation, the expert research team of SIA Unit has adopted an approach that is spanned in three phases. In the first phase, a physical observation of the area was held and conducted a pilot study to understand major risks and opportunities involved with the project. Through a structured questionnaire, detailed dynamics of risks of each affected person is collected and analysed. Further, to understand generic and common risks involved with the project, in-depth interviews were held with selected key persons and stakeholders of the project. A public hearing is being scheduled for a comprehensive measurement of risk and to mitigate it in the third phase.
7.2 Measures to avoid, mitigate and compensate impact
The proposed widening of the Cherukulam-AmsakacheryRoad for 4.8 KMs is planned by the requiring body by minimising the risk in the most possible manner. No residential building will be affected and no major farming lands are being used for the project. However, certain families and groups will be adversely affected and the following measures may be taken to avoid, mitigate and compensate impact
The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.
Reinstall common facilities and way to residential/ other properties which are expected to affect due to the implementation of the project Land properties of a 42 families among the surveyed population have transferred in the year 2005 for widening of the road (500 meters) between Sasidhara Bank and Ottathengu. No compensation is given so far for the affected parties and they should be compensated with priority. Distribute sapling and take initiatives to replant trees which will be lost due to the project
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
46 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project Recreate livelihood opportunities of the affected persons whose dependence on the affected area is crucial for the means of future income Safety of the people while constructing the road and healthy disposal of wastages arise out of construction should be ensured.
7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act
The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.
7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal
Measures stated by the requiring body in the project proposal as sufficient fund has been reserved as compensation.
7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA
Not Applicable
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
47 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.
Table (7.6)
S # Mitigation Strategy Activities Timeline
1 Compensation and Assessing the impact Resettlement Calculation of Compensation Transfer of land and Disbursement of Compensation 2 Recreation of Common Construction of common facilities Facilities along with road widening 3 Livelihood Impact Reinstall livelihood opportunities for Mitigation the affected person whose dependency on the affected area is vital for his/her future earning 4 Environmental Mitigation Distribute sapling and take initiatives to replant trees which will be lost due to the project 5 Mitigation to ensure Implement safety measures and safety and continuous develop plan of action for the transportation undisrupted transportation and to dispose construction wastages
7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body
Not Applicable
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Chapter 8
Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework
8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures
The project of widening the Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road in Kozhikode district is proposed by Kerala PWD. Government of Kerala has appointed various key persons through formal order with clear roles and responsibilities in accordance with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013.
RTFCTLARR Act, 2013 defines the Administrator appointed by the State Government would be the person responsible for Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme for affected families of Land Acquisition. Subject to the superintendence, directions and control of the appropriate Government and the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme shall vest in the Administrator.
As per G.O. (Ms) No.485/2015/RD, dated 23/09/2015, The Kerala State Policy for Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, the District Level Fair Compensation, Resettlement and Resettlement Committee comprising :
District Collector, Administrator for resettlement and rehabilitation, Land Acquisition officer Finance Officer Representatives of the requiring body to take financial decisions on its behalf, Representatives of Local Self Government Institution will monitor the Rehabilitation Action Plan
8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations
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49 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
A Road Committee consists of affected persons whose land has been already transferred in the year 2005 for widening the road has informal, yet crucial role at different phases of the project.
8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical assistance if any
Road division of Kerala PWD will finalise the resources and capacities.
8.4 Timelines for each activity
Timeline will be finalized as per the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015.
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
50 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project
Chapter 9
Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of Mitigation Plan
9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs
Through GO (Rt) 187/11 PWD dated 31.01.2011, an in-principle approval was given and sanctioned 305 Lacks for the land acquisition. However, the order has expired and yet the compensation for already acquired land wasn’t given to the affected parties. Later in 2016, through PWD Order No. 496/2016/PWD dated 01.03.2016, the principal order was resumed and Road and Bridges Division of the PWD has begun the preliminary processes for land acquisition.
9.2 Annual budget and plan of action
Not Applicable
9.3 Funding sources with break up
Not Applicable
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Chapter 10
Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation
10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators
The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road widening project will affect166 families and 26 commercial units. The key monitoring and evaluative indicators are
Fair compensation and resettlement measures as per RFCTLAAR Act, 2013 Timely disbursement of funds to the affected families Implementation of the proposed project in the timeframe defined Safety and environmental measures Recreate livelihood opportunities if any
10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles
Rehabilitation and Resettlement procedures as stated in the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015 will be applicable.
10.3 Plan for independent evaluation
Not Applicable
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Chapter 11
Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on Acquisition
11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs
The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road helps people in the region to ease the travel between Kozhikode city and Balussery, one of the major towns in the district. The proposed widening of the road for 4.8 KMs to an average width of 12 meters has initiated by Kerala PWD more than a decade ago and land plots of 42 families have acquired in the year 2005. However the affected persons were not given the compensation and through different GO in the year 2011 and 2016, the project has resumed and redesigned to the current nature. The project is owned by Kerala PWD and is fit to be categorised for public purpose.
With the current land mapping done for the project, no residential buildings are expected to be affected and hence need not consider any displacing alternative. But the widening of the road may affect commercial buildings in the area and fair compensation will be suitable enough to mitigate the impact.
For a span of 4.8 KMs, 3.2639 hectares of land is identified to be acquired from 166 families and only 0.06 Are per Meter will be required for the proposed widening of the road.
The nature of impacts vary from one to another. While loss of both used and unused land is understood to be the major impact, loss of livelihood opportunities due to the effect on commercial units, loss of various crops etc. should also be categorised into negative impact. Fair compensation based on RFCTLAAR Act, 2013 and environmental measures to replant tress are expected to be the major mitigation measures. Further, the affected persons in general are very positive on the proposed widening of the road as it is expected to improve the road connectivity and commercial value for assets.
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11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.
Based on the analysis and assessment of the positive and negative impacts of the project of widening the Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road, SIA Team recommends the project to implement with the existing land mapping and acquisition plans. The project is expected to improve quality of living in the region especially on transportation and the same is empathised by the affected persons despite the negative impact the project leaves. The following are recommended to mitigate the impact
The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.
Reinstall common facilities and way to residential/ other properties which are expected to affect due to the implementation of the project Land properties of a 42 families among the surveyed population have transferred in the year 2005 for widening of the road (500 meters) between Sasidhara Bank and Ottathengu. No compensation is given so far for the affected parties and they should be compensated with priority. Distribute sapling and take initiatives to replant trees which will be lost due to the project Recreate livelihood opportunities of the affected persons whose dependence on the affected area is crucial for the means of future income Safety of the people while constructing the road and healthy disposal of wastages arise out of construction should be ensured.
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References
1. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 2. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for acquisition of Land in the State in lieu of RCFTLAAR Act, 2013 G.O. (Ms) No. 448/2017/RD dated 20/12/2017 3. Kerala PWD (PS) division G.O. 496/2016/PWD dated 01/03/2016 4. Kerala Agriculture Department G.O. 39/2015 dated 06/03/2015 5. Kerala Agriculture Department G.O. 213/2015 dated 19/11/2015 6. Letter from Assistant Engineer PWD Roads Section, Kozhikode North dated 21-01- 2019 7. Kerala Gazette G.O. (P) No. 62/2018/RD dated 29-09-2018 8. National Highways Authority of India, Annual Report 2016-17 9. Kerala PWD- Road Bridge Maintenance Policy G.O (Ms.) No. 72/2016/PWD DATED 22/10/2016 10. www.keralapwd.gov.in
Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of
55 Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project