BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. 1999 ANNUAL REPORT TABLE of CONTENTS Business Activities
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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. 1999 ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Business Activities ...........................Inside Front Cover Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500 ...................... 2 Chairman's Letter* ....................................... 3 Selected Financial Data For The Past Five Years ......................................20 Acquisition Criteria ......................................21 Independent Auditors' Report ...............................21 Consolidated Financial Statements ...........................22 Management's Discussion .................................43 Owner's Manual .........................................55 Combined Financial Statements — Unaudited — for Berkshire Business Groups ............................63 Shareholder-Designated Contributions ........................70 Common Stock Data .....................................72 Directors and Officers of the Company ............Inside Back Cover *Copyright © 2000 By Warren E. Buffett All Rights Reserved Business Activities Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is a holding company owning subsidiaries engaged in a number of diverse business activities. The most important of these is the property and casualty insurance business conducted on both a direct and reinsurance basis through a number of subsidiaries. Included in this group of subsidiaries is GEICO Corporation, the sixth largest auto insurer in the United States and General Re Corporation, one of the four largest reinsurers in the world. Investment portfolios of insurance subsidiaries include meaningful equity ownership percentages of other publicly traded companies. Investments with a market value in excess of $750 million at the end of 1999 include approximately 11% of the outstanding capital stock of American Express Company, approximately 8% of the capital stock of The Coca-Cola Company, approximately 8½% of the capital stock of Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), approximately 9% of the capital stock of The Gillette Company, approximately 18% of the capital stock of The Washington Post Company and approximately 3½% of the capital stock of Wells Fargo and Company. Much information about these publicly-owned companies is available, including information released from time to time by the companies themselves. Other business activities conducted by non-insurance subsidiaries include publication of a daily and Sunday newspaper in Western New York (Buffalo News), manufacture and sale of boxed chocolates and other confectionery products (See's Candies), diversified manufacturing and distribution (managed by Scott Fetzer and whose principal products are sold under the Kirby and Campbell Hausfeld brand names), retailing of home furnishings (Nebraska Furniture Mart, R.C. Willey Home Furnishings, Star Furniture Company and Jordan’s Furniture, Inc.), manufacture, import and distribution of footwear (H.H. Brown Shoe Company, Lowell Shoe, Inc. and Dexter Shoe Company), retailing of fine jewelry (Borsheim's and Helzberg's Diamond Shops), training to operators of aircraft and ships throughout the world (FlightSafety International), providing fractional ownership programs for general aviation aircraft (Executive Jet), and licensing and servicing a system of almost 6,000 Dairy Queen stores. Operating decisions for the various Berkshire businesses are made by managers of the business units. Investment decisions and all other capital allocation decisions are made for Berkshire and its subsidiaries by Warren E. Buffett, in consultation with Charles T. Munger. Mr. Buffett is Chairman and Mr. Munger is Vice Chairman of Berkshire's Board of Directors. ************ Berkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500 Annual Percentage Change in Per-Share in S&P 500 Book Value of with Dividends Relative Berkshire Included Results Year (1) (2) (1)-(2) 1965 ........................ 23.8 10.0 13.8 1966 ........................ 20.3 (11.7) 32.0 1967 ........................ 11.0 30.9 (19.9) 1968 ........................ 19.0 11.0 8.0 1969 ........................ 16.2 (8.4) 24.6 1970 ........................ 12.0 3.9 8.1 1971 ........................ 16.4 14.6 1.8 1972 ........................ 21.7 18.9 2.8 1973 ........................ 4.7 (14.8) 19.5 1974 ........................ 5.5 (26.4) 31.9 1975 ........................ 21.9 37.2 (15.3) 1976 ........................ 59.3 23.6 35.7 1977 ........................ 31.9 (7.4) 39.3 1978 ........................ 24.0 6.4 17.6 1979 ........................ 35.7 18.2 17.5 1980 ........................ 19.3 32.3 (13.0) 1981 ........................ 31.4 (5.0) 36.4 1982 ........................ 40.0 21.4 18.6 1983 ........................ 32.3 22.4 9.9 1984 ........................ 13.6 6.1 7.5 1985 ........................ 48.2 31.6 16.6 1986 ........................ 26.1 18.6 7.5 1987 ........................ 19.5 5.1 14.4 1988 ........................ 20.1 16.6 3.5 1989 ........................ 44.4 31.7 12.7 1990 ........................ 7.4 (3.1) 10.5 1991 ........................ 39.6 30.5 9.1 1992 ........................ 20.3 7.6 12.7 1993 ........................ 14.3 10.1 4.2 1994 ........................ 13.9 1.3 12.6 1995 ........................ 43.1 37.6 5.5 1996 ........................ 31.8 23.0 8.8 1997 ........................ 34.1 33.4 .7 1998 ........................ 48.3 28.6 19.7 1999 ........................ .5 21.0 (20.5) Notes: Data are for calendar years with these exceptions: 1965 and 1966, year ended 9/30; 1967, 15 months ended 12/31. Starting in 1979, accounting rules required insurance companies to value the equity securities they hold at market rather than at the lower of cost or market, which was previously the requirement. In this table, Berkshire's results through 1978 have been restated to conform to the changed rules. In all other respects, the results are calculated using the numbers originally reported. The S&P 500 numbers are pre-tax whereas the Berkshire numbers are after-tax. If a corporation such as Berkshire were simply to have owned the S&P 500 and accrued the appropriate taxes, its results would have lagged the S&P 500 in years when that index showed a positive return, but would have exceeded the S&P in years when the index showed a negative return. Over the years, the tax costs would have caused the aggregate lag to be substantial. 2 BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Our gain in net worth during 1999 was $358 million, which increased the per-share book value of both our Class A and Class B stock by 0.5%. Over the last 35 years (that is, since present management took over) per-share book value has grown from $19 to $37,987, a rate of 24.0% compounded annually.* The numbers on the facing page show just how poor our 1999 record was. We had the worst absolute performance of my tenure and, compared to the S&P, the worst relative performance as well. Relative results are what concern us: Over time, bad relative numbers will produce unsatisfactory absolute results. Even Inspector Clouseau could find last year’s guilty party: your Chairman. My performance reminds me of the quarterback whose report card showed four Fs and a D but who nonetheless had an understanding coach. “Son,” he drawled, “I think you’re spending too much time on that one subject.” My “one subject” is capital allocation, and my grade for 1999 most assuredly is a D. What most hurt us during the year was the inferior performance of Berkshire’s equity portfolio — and responsibility for that portfolio, leaving aside the small piece of it run by Lou Simpson of GEICO, is entirely mine. Several of our largest investees badly lagged the market in 1999 because they’ve had disappointing operating results. We still like these businesses and are content to have major investments in them. But their stumbles damaged our performance last year, and it’s no sure thing that they will quickly regain their stride. The fallout from our weak results in 1999 was a more-than-commensurate drop in our stock price. In 1998, to go back a bit, the stock outperformed the business. Last year the business did much better than the stock, a divergence that has continued to the date of this letter. Over time, of course, the performance of the stock must roughly match the performance of the business. Despite our poor showing last year, Charlie Munger, Berkshire’s Vice Chairman and my partner, and I expect that the gain in Berkshire’s intrinsic value over the next decade will modestly exceed the gain from owning the S&P. We can’t guarantee that, of course. But we are willing to back our conviction with our own money. To repeat a fact you’ve heard before, well over 99% of my net worth resides in Berkshire. Neither my wife nor I have ever sold a share of Berkshire and — unless our checks stop clearing — we have no intention of doing so. Please note that I spoke of hoping to beat the S&P “modestly.” For Berkshire, truly large superiorities over that index are a thing of the past. They existed then because we could buy both businesses and stocks at far more attractive prices than we can now, and also because we then had a much smaller capital base, a situation that allowed us to consider a much wider range of investment opportunities than are available to us today. Our optimism about Berkshire’s performance is also tempered by the expectation — indeed, in our minds, the virtual certainty — that the S&P will do far less well in the next decade or two than it has done since 1982. A recent article in Fortune expressed my views as to why this is inevitable, and I’m enclosing a copy with this report. Our goal is to run our present businesses well — a task made easy because of the outstanding managers we have in place — and to acquire additional businesses having economic characteristics and managers comparable to those we already own. We made important progress in this respect during 1999 by acquiring Jordan’s Furniture and contracting to buy a major portion of MidAmerican Energy. We will talk more about these companies later in the report but let me emphasize one point here: We bought both for cash, issuing no Berkshire shares.