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Volume-Sgreccia-Def.-27.09.12.Pdf © 2012 Edizioni Cantagalli S.r.l. – Siena Redazione: Maria Chiara Basile Grafica di copertina: Rinaldo Maria Chiesa Stampato da Edizioni Cantagalli nel settembre 2012 ISBN: 978-88-8272-825-0 INTRODUZIONE Scritti in onore di Elio Sgreccia: una testimonianza culturale di amici- zia, condivisione, gratitudine. Autorevoli studiosi e docenti hanno da subito accolto l’invito dell’As- sociazione Scienza & Vita a contribuire, per le rispettive competenze, con la redazione di articoli il cui significato è immediatamente percepi- bile: rappresentano un omaggio al maestro di bioetica, riconosciuto a livello internazionale, fondatore di una Scuola di alto prestigio e diffuso apprezzamento. Certo, sono tanti coloro che, di pari rilievo accademico ed ecclesiale, avrebbero potuto partecipare a questa iniziativa ma, come facilmente intuibile, si sarebbe dovuto pensare ad un’opera con diversa impostazione editoriale. Raccogliere sinteticamente, nello spazio proprio di un’introduzione, il pensiero di S. Em.za Prof. Elio Sgreccia è compito inesigibile. Si riman- da, pertanto, alla vasta letteratura in merito e ai contributi riportati nel volume. Tuttavia è prioritario rilevare l’orizzonte di senso offerto dalla grande significanza del pensiero e dell’insegnamento di Elio Sgreccia che, giustificati con argomentazioni fondate razionalmente, assicurano la possibilità di declinare virtuosamente scienza e fede. L’antropologia personalista ontologica non è lettura della vita che esclude il confronto e la ricchezza dei contributi di altre conoscenze, come quelle della biomedicina. Tutt’altro. Rappresenta una semantica di verità inclusiva, riconoscibile da ognuno e che – dando ragione della ir- riducibile unicità e intrinseca dignità di ogni uomo – è apertura autentica e rigorosa al dialogo con i vari saperi umani e loro sviluppi. L’antropo- logia di riferimento, come ci ricorda lo stesso Sgreccia nel suo Manuale di bioetica, è «cresciuta nell’alveo del pensiero classico-patristico, fatta propria da Tommaso d’Aquino e ravvivata continuamente da pensatori di grande e non precario valore, come J. Maritain, E. Mounier, E. Gilson, G. Capograssi, A. Gemelli ed altri viventi, che hanno attinto alla forza della ragione, non mortificata ma sostenuta dalla fede cristiana, i criteri di valutazione etica». In altri termini l’argomentazione e la metodologia di analisi proposte offrono la concreta possibilità di coniugare – con ragionevolezza imme- diatamente riconoscibile – la dimensione scientifica con quella antropo- logica, etica e giuridico-deontologica. Infatti, sulla base dell’antropologia 5 LUCIO ROMANO personalista di riferimento si armonizzano le riflessioni in ambito bioe- tico e biogiuridico, con innegabili risultati per quanto attiene anche agli altrettanto attuali aspetti dell’etica sociale. Last but non least. Con il volume che ho l’onore di introdurre, l’As- sociazione nazionale Scienza & Vita – unitamente a tutti gli autori che hanno partecipato – attesta in maniera tangibile ciò che caratterizza da sempre l’operare di S. Em.za Prof. Elio Sgreccia: costante armonia tra rigore intellettuale e fortezza spirituale, lungimiranza progettuale e ine- sauribile entusiasmo, delicatezza relazionale e sobrietà rappresentativa, indefettibile amore per la verità e incessante apertura al dialogo. Lucio Romano Presidente nazionale Associazione Scienza & Vita 6 S. EM. R. CARD. PROF. ELIO SGRECCIA Nato ad Arcevia (AN) il 6 giugno 1928. Sacerdote dal 1952, dopo gli studi teologici ha conseguito la laurea in Lettere e Filosofia all’Università di Bologna nel 1963. È stato vicerettore, docente, e rettore nel Pontificio Seminario Regio- nale Marchigiano dal 1954 al 1972. È stato vicario generale della diocesi di Fossombrone negli anni 1972- 1973. Dal 1974 al 1984 è stato assistente spirituale alla Facoltà di Medici- na e Chirurgia della Università Cattolica in Roma. Titoli accademici ed istituzionali Nel 1984 è stato incaricato per l’insegnamento della Bioetica nella Fa- coltà di Medicina e Chirurgia della Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Dal 1 novembre 1990 è Professore ordinario di Bioetica e dal 1992 al 1 novembre 2000 è stato anche direttore dell’Istituto di Bioetica presso la medesima Facoltà. Dal 1985 al 2006 è stato Direttore del Centro di Bioetica dell’Univer- sità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Dal 1998 al 2005 è stato Direttore del Centro per la Cooperazione Internazionale dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Dal 1990 è stato membro del Comitato Nazionale per la Bioetica fino al 2006. Nel 2001 è componente della Commissione “Linee guida nell’ambito della consulenza e dei test genetici” nel Ministero della Sanità. Dal 2003 al 2011 è Presidente della Federazione Internazionale dei Centri ed Istituti di Bioetica di Ispirazione Personalista (FIBIP). Dal 2004 è Presidente della Fondazione “Ut Vitam Habeant”, di isti- tuzione canonica civilmente riconosciuta per la diffusione della verità a servizio della pastorale della vita. Dal 2004 è Presidente dell’Associazione “Donum Vitae” riconosciuta come “Associazione pubblica di fedeli” da parte della Diocesi di Roma. 7 S. EM. R. CA R D . PR OF . ELIO SG re CCIA Pubblicazioni È stato redattore poi vicedirettore della rivista «Medicina e Morale» dal 1974; dal 1984 è condirettore della stessa rivista. Oltre al Manuale di bioetica, in due volumi, tradotto in diverse lingue (spagnolo, ucraino, portoghese, francese, romeno, russo, arabo, inglese, coreano e giapponese) il quale ha già avuto quattro edizioni e numerose ristampe in lingua italiana, è autore, coautore e curatore di numerosi volumi riguardanti la bioetica, l’etica medica, la pastorale sanitaria e la famiglia. In particolare hanno accompagnato l’attività scientifica i volumi della Collana “Scienza Medicina e Etica” presso l’Editrice Vita e Pensiero e i volumi della Collana della “Pontificia Academia Pro Vita” presso la Libre- ria Editrice Vaticana. Membro dell’Editorial Board of the National Catholic Bioethics Quartely. Ha inoltre pubblicato numerosi lavori su riviste italiane e straniere (in lingua inglese, tedesca, spagnola, francese, portoghese, polacca e russa). Con i volumi sono 408 i lavori pubblicati fino al 10 febbraio 2010. È in corso di pubblicazione l’Enciclopedia di Bioetica e Scienza Giuri- dica di cui è direttore per la bioetica insieme al Prof. Antonio Tarantino, giurista di Lecce per la parte giuridica. Titoli ecclesiastici Il 6 gennaio 1993 è stato ordinato Vescovo di Zama Minore per le mani del S. Padre Giovanni Paolo II. È stato membro del Pontificio Consiglio per la Famiglia e del Pontifi- cio Consiglio per la Pastorale degli Operatori Sanitari. Per il periodo dal 5 novembre 1992 al 1995 è stato Segretario del Pontificio Consiglio per la Famiglia. Il 1 giugno 1994 è stato nominato Vice-presidente della Pontificia Academia Pro Vita, alla fondazione della stessa. Il 3 gennaio 2005 è stato nominato Presidente della Pontificia Acade- mia Pro Vita, fino al 17 giugno 2008. Dal 17 giugno 2008 è stato nominato Presidente Emerito della Ponti- ficia Academia Pro Vita. Il 20 novembre 2010 è stato creato Cardinale di Santa Romana Chiesa da Sua Santità Benedetto XVI. 8 S. EM. R. CA R D . PR OF . ELIO SG re CCIA Onorificenze Nel 1991 ha ricevuto in Campidoglio il “Premio Giunchi” per la Medi- cina istituito dal Pio Sodalizio dei Piceni in Roma. Il 10 dicembre 1994 è stato nominato Grande Ufficiale dell’Ordine Equestre del Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme. Nell’ottobre 1999 ha ricevuto il titolo di Profesor de honor dalla Pon- tificia Universidad Catolica Argentina di Buenos Aires. Il 6 marzo 2000 ha ricevuto dal Presidente della Repubblica Italiano l’onorificenza di Cavaliere di Gran Croce. L’11 ottobre 2001 è stato nominato “Membro Corrispondente” della Academia Mexicana de Bioética. Il 4 novembre 2004 ha ricevuto la laurea honoris causa dalla Univer- sidad Anahuac Città del Messico. Il 5 marzo 2005 ha ricevuto il Premio Internazionale “San Valentino d’Oro” (Terni). Il 16 marzo 2005 ha ricevuto la laurea honoris causa dalla Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Il 15 giugno 2007 ha ricevuto il Premio “The Mystery of Life Award” da parte della Conferenza Episcopale della Corea del Sud. Il 9 maggio 2008 ha ricevuto il “Premio Occidente per la Bioetica” nella Università di Ancona. Il 12 giugno 2008 ha ricevuto il Doctorado de honor da parte della Pontifica Università Cattolica Argentina. Il 30 settembre 2008 ha ricevuto il Doctorado honoris causa dalla Universidad de Chiclayo (Perù). Dal 17 giugno 2008 è presidente emerito della Pontificia Academia Pro Vita. Il 18 novembre 2010 ha ricevuto il “Premio europeo per la Vita Madre Teresa di Calcutta” da parte del Movimento per la Vita Italiano. Il 25 marzo 2011 ha ricevuto il Dottorato honoris causa in Bioe- tica, da parte della Facoltà di Bioetica dell’Ateneo Pontificio Regina Apostolorum. Il 21 maggio 2011 ha ricevuto il “I Premio Internazionale Associazio- ne Scienza & Vita Italia”. 9 CARLO BELLIENI RIFONDARE LA BIOETICA Oggi più che mai, la bioetica deve essere fondata sulla ragione e sull’esperienza del reale, perché l’etica è esclusivamente legata al cono- scere, cioè al riconoscere. Questo ci porta ad inevitabili conseguenze. La bioetica nasce dal riconoscere la realtà La ragione è approcciare la realtà cercando di non censurare nulla, ab- bracciandola secondo la totalità dei suoi fattori. Ma contemporaneamente non dimenticando nulla di noi: la nostra storia e i nostri desideri. Con- frontare storia e desideri con la totalità dei fattori di ciò che incontriamo significa conoscerli, dunque farne
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