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Carotenoids in Zygaena Species (Lepidoptera) Bruch Bei Eibelstadt Und Aus Dem Gramschatzer T

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Carotenoids in Zygaena Species (Lepidoptera) Bruch Bei Eibelstadt Und Aus Dem Gramschatzer T 298 Notizen Carotinoide in Z yg a e n a -Arten (Lepidoptera) cerae und von Zygaena viciae (Den. u. Schiff.) ssp. meliloti (Esp.) von zwei Herkünften (aus dem Neu­ Carotenoids in Zygaena Species (Lepidoptera) bruch bei Eibelstadt und aus dem Gramschatzer T. Bornefeld Wald bei Rimpar, Ufr.). Gefüttert wurden die Raupen mit Blättern von Botanisches Institut (I) der Universität Würzburg Lathyrus pratensis. Die Versuche wurden zunächst und 1971 durchgeführt und unter gleichen Bedingungen Franz-C. Czygan 1972 wiederholt. Die an den verschiedenen Arten, Herkünften und in den beiden Versuchsjahren ge­ Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Universität wonnenen Ergebnisse stimmen qualitativ völlig über­ Würzburg ein. Die quantitativen Differenzen in den Pigment­ (Z. Naturforsch. 30 c, 298 — 299 [1975] ; eingegangen analysen betrugen maximal 10% vom höchsten Wert. am 27. November 1974) Die Angaben zur Pigmentidentifizierung und -be- stimmung sind an anderer Stelle zusammengefaßt6. Carotenoids, Feeding Experiments, Zygaena, Lepidoptera a-Zeacarotin wurde aufgrund seiner Spektren und Species of Zygaena (Lepidoptera) have been fed with mit Hilfe authentischer Vergleichssubstanzen be­ leaves of Lathyrus pratensis rich in chlorophylls and caro­ tenoids. The metabolism of the pigments was followed in stimmt (E \cm : 2450 bei 421 nm in Hexan). eggs, larvae, pupae, and imagines of the insects. No chloro­ phylls, only lutein — the main carotenoid of the food Ergebnisse und Diskussion plants — was stored in the animals. Traces of a-zeacaro- tene, absent in plants, could be found in eggs and larvae. In Tab. I ist die Zusammensetzung der Blatt­ pigmente den entsprechenden Carotinoidgamituren In weitaus größerem Maße als für Pflanzen 1 feh­ der mit diesen Pflanzen gefütterten Raupen, der aus len Untersuchungen zum Stoffwechsel und zur Bio­ diesen entstandenen Puppen (getrennt von den Ko­ chemie der Carotinoide vieler Tiergruppen. So sind kons) und Schmetterlinge und der von den Imagines Schmetterlinge nur vereinzelt analysiert worden 2. In gelegten Eier gegenübergestellt. Es zeigt sich ein­ jüngster Zeit publizierten Feltwell u. Valadon eine deutig, daß von den mit dem Futter aufgenommenen ausführliche Arbeit über den Kohlweißling (Pieris Pigmenten vor allem Lutein, das Hauptcarotinoid brassicae) 3. Von historischem Interesse zum Pro­ von Lathyrus-BYättern, gespeichert wird. Daneben blem „Schmetterlingspigmente —Futterpflanze“ sind lassen sich Spuren von /?-Carotin und in den Eiern Untersuchungen von Poulton 4a und Zopf 4b. und Raupen und Puppen a-Zeacarotin nachweisen. In vorliegender Mitteilung wird über Pigment­ Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann sicherlich geschlossen analysen und Fütterexperimente mit Zygaenen als werden, daß Zygaena lonicerae und Zygaena viciae Versuchsobjekten berichtet. Zygaenen, in den letzten Lutein nur anhäufen, jedoch nicht in wesentlichem Jahren vor allem von Burgeff 5 in ihrer Genetik und Maße modifizieren können. Nur Spuren werden Morphologie untersucht, lassen sich für Freiland- möglicherweise in das nicht in den Futterpflanzen und Laborversuche gleichermaßen gut einsetzen. vorhandene a-Zeacarotin umgewandelt. Diese oder Material und Methoden eine ähnliche Metabolisierung der Futtercarotinoide scheint bei Insekten weiter verbreitet zu sein. So Als Objekte dienten verschiedene Entwicklungs­ wurde /?-Zeacarotin in Kartoffelkäfern gefunden, die phasen von Zygaena lonicerae (Scheven) ssp. loni- mit Kartoffelkraut gefüttert worden waren 7. In Kä- Lathyrus- Zygaena lonicerae Blätter Eier Raupe Puppe Kokon Imago Chlorophyll a 0,80 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Chlorophyll b 0,31 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Gesamtcarotinoide 0,281 0,071 0,035 0,064 0,005 0,051 /?-Carotin 11 Spur Spur Spur Spur SpUr Tab. I. Pigmente von Zygaena lonicerae Cryptoxanthin Spur 0 0 0 0 0 (Eier, Raupe, Puppe, Kokon, Imago) und Lutein 51 98 98 100 100 100 den Blättern der Futterpflanze (Lathyrus Violaxanthin 22 0 0 0 0 0 pratensis). — Angaben der Chlorophylle Neoxanthin 25 0 0 0 0 0 und Gesamtcarotinoide in mg je g Frisch- a-Zeacarotin 0 2 2 2 0 0 gewicht; Angaben der Einzelcarotinoide in % der Gesamtcarotinoide. Sonderdruckanforderungen an Prof. Dr. Franz-C. Czygan, Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Universität, D-8700 Würzburg, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64. Notizen 299 fern anderer Herkünfte konnte dieses Carotin jedoch nommene Carotinoide anhäufen und nicht weiter nicht bestätigt werden 8 (vgl. auch 3) . Interessanter­ modifizieren wie z. B. manche Krebse, die /?-Carotin weise wird in Pieris brassicae bei Verfütterung von zum Canthaxanthin oxidieren können 9. Pflanzen, die in ihrer Pigmentgarnitur den Lathyrus- Geplante Versuche mit Carotinoid-armen bzw. Blättem sehr ähnlich sind, die Mehrzahl der auf­ -freien Futterpflanzen (vgl. 8) sollen klären, ob die genommenen Carotinoide in den Imagines, weniger untersuchten Schmetterlinge Tetraterpene nicht nur in den anderen Entwicklungsphasen gespeichert. Das speichern, sondern unter bestimmten Bedingungen gilt insbesondere für /?-Carotin3. Möglicherweise auch biosynthetisieren können. handelt es sich hier um spezifische Unterschiede zwi­ schen Pieris- und Zygaena- Arten. Fräulein Almuth Krüger danken wir für die zuverlässige Die untersuchten Zygaena -Arten gehören damit zu technische Mitarbeit. Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft der Gruppe von Tieren, die im wesentlichen aufge­ sind wir für Sachbeihilfen zu Dank verpflichtet. 1 T. W. Goodwin, Carotenoids (0. Isler, ed.), p. 577, Birk­ 4b W. Zopf, Beitr. Physiol. Morph. Nied. Organ. 3, 26 häuser, Basel 1971. [1883]. 2 J. S. E. Feltwell u. L. R. G. Valadon, Nature 225, 969 5 H. Burgeff, Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Göttingen, II. Math.- [1970]; B. A. Kilby, Aspects of Insect Biochemistry (T. phys. Kl. Nr. 7 [1969] und Nr. 8 [1971]. W. Goodwin, ed.), p. 38, Academic Press, London 1965; 6 F.-C. Czygan, Arch. Mikrobiol. 61, 81 [1968]; Flora P. F. Meyer, Z. vergl. Physiol. 11, 183 [1930]; O. Steche, (Jena) A, 159,339 [1968]. Verh. deutsch, zool. Ges. 22, 272 [1912] ; L. P. S. Van 7 F. Leuenberger u. H. Thommen, J. Insect. Physiol. 16, der Geest, J. Insect. Physiol. 14, 537 [1937]. 1855 [1971]. 3 J. S. E. Feltwell u. L. R. G. Valadon, J. Insect Physiol. 8 F.-C. Czygan, Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 67, 33 [1972]. 18, 2203 [1972]. 9 F.-C. Czygan, Z. Naturforsch. 23 b, 1367 [1968]; B. H. 4a E. B. Poulton, Proc. Roy. Soc., Ser. B 38, 269 [1885]; Davies, Wan-jean Hsu u. C. O. Chichester, Comp. Bio­ Proc. Roy. Soc., Ser. B 40, 135 [1886]; Proc. Roy. Soc. chem. Physiol. 33, 601 [1970]. Ser. B 54, 417 [1894]..
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