Guide to Securing Apple OS X 10.10 Systems for IT Professionals: a NIST Security Configuration Checklist
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NIST Special Publication 800-179 Guide to Securing Apple OS X 10.10 Systems for IT Professionals: A NIST Security Configuration Checklist Lee Badger Murugiah Souppaya Mark Trapnell Eric Trapnell Dylan Yaga Karen Scarfone This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-179 C O M P U T E R S E C U R I T Y NIST Special Publication 800-179 Guide to Securing Apple OS X 10.10 Systems for IT Professionals: A NIST Security Configuration Checklist Lee Badger Murugiah Souppaya Mark Trapnell Dylan Yaga Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory Eric Trapnell Software and Systems Division Information Technology Laboratory Karen Scarfone Scarfone Cybersecurity Clifton, VA This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-179 December 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Willie May, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director Authority This publication has been developed by NIST in accordance with its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) of 2014, 44 U.S.C. § 3551 et seq., Public Law (P.L.) 113-283. NIST is responsible for developing information security standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements for federal information systems, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems without the express approval of appropriate federal officials exercising policy authority over such systems. This guideline is consistent with the requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130. Nothing in this publication should be taken to contradict the standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding on federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority. Nor should these guidelines be interpreted as altering or superseding the existing authorities of the Secretary of Commerce, Director of the OMB, or any other federal official. This publication may be used by nongovernmental organizations on a voluntary basis and is not subject to copyright in the United States. Attribution would, however, be appreciated by NIST. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-179 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 800-179, 132 pages (December 2016) CODEN: NSPUE2 This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-179 Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. There may be references in this publication to other publications currently under development by NIST in accordance with its assigned statutory responsibilities. The information in this publication, including concepts and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion of such companion publications. Thus, until each publication is completed, current requirements, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federal agencies may wish to closely follow the development of these new publications by NIST. Organizations are encouraged to review all draft publications during public comment periods and provide feedback to NIST. Many NIST cybersecurity publications, other than the ones noted above, are available at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications. Comments on this publication may be submitted to: National Institute of Standards and Technology Attn: Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory 100 Bureau Drive (Mail Stop 8930), Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930 Email: [email protected] All comments are subject to release under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). i NIST SP 800-179 SECURING APPLE OS X 10.10 SYSTEMS: NIST SECURITY CONFIGURATION CHECKLIST Reports on Computer Systems Technology The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation’s measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL’s responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of other than national security-related information in federal information systems. The Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL’s research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information system security, and its collaborative activities with industry, This publication is available free of charge from: http from: charge of free available is publication This government, and academic organizations. Abstract This publication assists IT professionals in securing Apple OS X 10.10 desktop and laptop systems within various environments. It provides detailed information about the security features of OS X 10.10 and security configuration guidelines. The publication recommends and explains tested, secure settings with the objective of simplifying the administrative burden of improving the security of OS X 10.10 systems in three types of environments: Standalone, Managed, and Specialized Security-Limited Functionality. Keywords Apple OS X; checklist; endpoint device security; hardening guide; host security; mobile device security; operating system security; secure configuration. s ://doi.org/10.6028/ Supplemental Content For additional documents that support this publication, see: NIST.SP.800 https://github.com/usnistgov/applesec. - 179 ii NIST SP 800-179 SECURING APPLE OS X 10.10 SYSTEMS: NIST SECURITY CONFIGURATION CHECKLIST Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank their colleagues Michael Bartock, Larry Bassham, Jeffrey Cichonski, Irvin Heard, Larry Keys, and Kathy Ton-Nu from NIST for testing the OS X security baseline configuration and giving valuable feedback. The authors also wish to thank Elaine Barker, Kelley Dempsey, Blair Heiserman and Wayne Salamon from NIST, Tirath Ramdas from Marklar Marklar Consulting, and Ron Colvin from NASA who reviewed drafts of this document and contributed to its technical content. Trademark Information This publication is available free of charge from: http from: charge of free available is publication This All registered trademarks or trademarks belong to their respective organizations. s ://doi.org/10.6028/ NIST.SP.800 - 179 iii NIST SP 800-179 SECURING APPLE OS X 10.10 SYSTEMS: NIST SECURITY CONFIGURATION CHECKLIST Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Purpose and Scope ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 Audience ......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Document Structure ........................................................................................ 1 2. OS X Security Guide Development ....................................................................... 3 2.1 OS X System Roles and Requirements .......................................................... 3 This publication is available free of charge from: http from: charge of free available is publication This 2.2 Security Categorization of Information and Information Systems ................... 4 2.3 Threats to OS X Technologies ........................................................................ 6 2.3.1 Local Threats ........................................................................................ 6 2.3.2 Remote Threats .................................................................................... 9 2.4 OS X Environments ...................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Standalone ......................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 Managed ............................................................................................ 14 2.4.3 Specialized Security-Limited Functionality (SSLF) ............................. 15 2.5 Security Controls Documentation.................................................................. 16 2.6 Implementation and Testing of Security Controls ......................................... 16 2.7 Monitoring and Maintenance ......................................................................... 17 2.8 Summary of Recommendations .................................................................... 18 3. OS X Security Components Overview ................................................................ 19 3.1 Gatekeeper ................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Software Updates ......................................................................................... 19 s ://doi.org/10.6028/ 3.3 Privacy Settings ...........................................................................................