The Journal of the Association for Latin Liturgy — No 141

In the Lent 2012 issue

Editor’s Note...... 3 Spring Meeting 2012...... 3 AGM 2012...... 4 AGM 2011—Report ...... 5 Chairman’s Annual Report 2010/11 ...... 6 The Liturgical Patrimony of the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham, and the Reform of the Reform ...... 8 From the Press ...... 19 Italy Revisited...... 22 News from Nowhere ...... 25 Bishop Berkeley and Mass in Latin...... 27 Singing the English Missal...... 28 Impressions of Liturgical Music in Sweden...... 31 Book Review: William Lockhart—First Fruits of the Oxford Movement...... 33 Some Texts and Their Interpretation: IV ...... 35 Recently published book: ‘Singing the Mass’...... 36 Financial Statement 2010-2011...... 37 Latin Summer School at Ealing Abbey...... 38 The Fortescue Facsimiles IV: Transfiguration 1902 ...... 38

www.Latin-Liturgy.org ASSOCIATION FOR LATIN LITURGY Founded in 1969 to encourage and extend the use of Latin in the liturgy of the Catholic Church under the patronage of the Bishops’ Conference of England & Wales

Officers of the Association Chairman Bernard Marriott 47 Western Park Road, Leicester LE3 6HQ [email protected]

Vice-Chairman Edward Barrett 14 Connaught Mansions, Prince of Wales Drive London SW11 4SA [email protected]

Treasurer Jeremy de Satgé 41 Sansom Street, London SE5 7RD

Membership Bernard Marriott 47 Western Park Road, Leicester LE3 6HQ [email protected] Members of the Association’s Council Fr Kevin Hale, Mgr Bruce Harbert, Fr Guy Nicholls Cong Orat, Fr Anton Webb Cong Orat, Christopher Francis, Ian Wells, Ben Whitworth, Mike Withers

Web-site www.Latin-Liturgy.org maintained by Jeremy de Satgé

Latin Liturgy Editor: Christopher Francis Layout, production, distribution: Mike Withers Printing: BiziPrint, Wakefield Orders for publications should be sent to: ALL 47 Western Park Road Leicester LE3 6HQ or [email protected] ‘Latin Liturgy’ No 141 copyright © 2012 Association for Latin Liturgy, except where otherwise acknowledged. Reproduction, by whatever means, requires written permission.

2 EDITOR’S NOTE ver the last few months many of the contributors to Latin Liturgy , O including the Editor, have been hard at work proof-reading both the Sunday and Daily Latin-English Missals for the CTS. The former was published in time for the new liturgical year of 2011, and the latter is nearing completion. We hope that many, if not all, members of the Association will purchase one or other of these books, the appearance of which means that for the first time since the Association’s own New Latin- English Sunday Missal was published in 1982 (it sold well and was several times reprinted) we now have a Missal in which the primacy of the Latin texts of the Mass is clearly visible and accessible to all English-speaking Catholics.

SPRING MEETING 2012 at Oulton Abbey and Stone, Staffordshire on 21st April

MEMBERS WILL HAVE READ IN THE LAST LATIN L ITURGY about our Spring Meeting in Staffordshire, and now is the time to book to come! The timetable for the day is: Stone is served by trains from London (Euston) and from Crewe every hour. 11.30 S OLEMN M ASS at Oulton Abbey Arrangements will be made on request sung by the Abbey Schola under the to meet members from the 08.46 from direction of Beryl Terry to whom we are Euston (arrives 11.05) and the 10.33 very grateful for suggesting the day and from Crewe (arrives 11.02). There is a for making the arrangements. later departure from Euston at 09.20 13.00 L UNCH in the cloister at Stone which involves changing at Stoke and Dominican Convent. doubling back on the train which arrives 14.00 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION to the at 11.02. Benediction should be finished history and work of the Community in in time for members to walk the short the Priory Hall by a member of the distance to Stone station for the 17.02 to Community, then a tour of the church Euston and the 17.05 to Crewe. Lifts and convent. will be available to take members who have come by train from Oulton Abbey 15.15 T EA in the Priory Hall. to Stone. 15.30 B RIEF REHEARSAL for Vespers in Members who are also Associates of the the Choir Stalls. Schola Gregoriana may have noticed 16.00 V ESPERS , sung with the nuns, and that this day coincides with the Schola Benediction (note that this is earlier than weekend at Hawkstone Hall. As our the time given in the last Latin Liturgy ). meeting was arranged first, our

3 Chairman will absent himself from Please book a lunch and/or transport Hawkstone Hall for the day, and is from Stone station in the enclosed form, willing to give a lift to anyone else in and send it to Ian Wells no later than the same situation, space permitting. Saturday 14 April .

ANNUAL GENERAL ripping out its altar, fittings and MEETING 2012 crucifixes. In 1820 the first church of St Mary Moorfields opened in at St Mary Moorfields Finsbury Circus. As the permanent London seat of the Vicar Apostolic, it served on 13th October as Cardinal Wiseman’s pro-cathedral from 1850 to 1869. The church was pulled down in 1899 and replaced by the present church in Eldon Street, which was opened on 25th March 1903. The architect was George Sherrin, who also designed the dome of the London Oratory as well as several Underground stations. The Parish Priest is Fr Peter Newby, whom members may well recall UR AGM THIS YEAR will assisted at our Mass at St George’s O take place on Saturday 13th Cathedral, Southwark, in 2010. The October, the feast of St format for the day will be as usual, Edward the Confessor, at St Mary starting with Mass around noon, and Moorfields, Eldon Street, London finishing with Vespers and EC2 . Benediction. We will have lunch in the crypt, produced by the parish The roots of the parish of St Mary chef, and are promised particularly Moorfields go back to several fine fare. In the afternoon, Fr Peter, chapels that sprang up in the area in formerly an architect and antiquarian the seventeenth and eighteenth bookseller, will speak along the lines centuries. Catholic worship in those of ‘From active participation to days was, of course, illegal and the horizons of involvement: Translating chapels were known locally as Liturgy into Architecture’. He will ‘Penny Hotels’, as people had to pay also speak about St Mary a penny to a man behind a grill in the Moorfields, and how the architecture door before they were allowed in. In lends itself to all forms of Liturgy. 1736, the Gordon Rioters attacked the chapel in Ropemakers Alley, Make a note of the date now!

4 REPORT ON THE 2011 AGM AT BRIGHTON he Association enjoyed one reports, after which the meeting voted of its most successful for the maintenance of the current T subscription rates and for the re-election Annual General Meetings ever on Saturday 15th October. We of the three officers of the Council. were the guests of the Parish of St Three ordinary members were re-elected for two years, and it was announced that Mary Magdalen Brighton, and of its Mgr Bruce Harbert, who led the work on parish priest Fr Ray Blake. the new translation of the Roman Missal, had agreed to be co-opted onto the Council. The day continued with First Vespers of the Sunday when the officiant was Deacon James Bradley, and which was again magnificently led by the Schola, and concluded with a beautiful celebration of Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament led by Fr William Young. At midday Solemn Mass for the feast of St Teresa, Doctor of the Church, was celebrated by Mgr Andrew Burnham of the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham, assisted by Deacon James Bradley, also of the Ordinariate, and Br Anselm Carpenter of Farnborough Abbey. The Mass was celebrated in the novus ordo as is always the rule for the Association’s masses, using the ad orientem option, with the Roman Canon, including all the names of the Saints. After lunch Mgr Burnham gave the talk, on ‘The Liturgical Patrimony of the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham and the Reform of the Reform’. This extremely topical and interesting address appears in this issue of Latin Liturgy . The Business meeting opened with the

Chairman’s and the Treasurer’s annual

5 The Association wishes to record its An account of the day’s events, with gratitude to Fr Ray and to his many photographs, can be found at: parishioners, many of whom attended http:// the day, and especially to Clare stmarymagdalenchoir.wordpress.com/ Bowskill, whose musical and Also at: organisational skills were a major element of the day’s success, and to her www.newliturgicalmovement.org/ singers, whose voices so greatly #8224485195091030064 enhanced the liturgies of the day. CF

CHAIRMAN’S ANNUAL REPORT 2010/11 THIS TIME LAST YEAR , we were at St George’s Cathedral, Southwark, with Mass and Vespers in that fine building, fortunately repaired following extensive War damage before the architectural changes so popular in the 1960s. Amigo Hall has recently been renovated and proved an ideal venue for the excellent talk given by Mgr Bruce Harbert on ‘New English and the Future for Latin’. As for this year, I extend our most correspondence with the CTS over sincere thanks to Fr Ray Blake for the possibility of their producing a having us here today, to Clare Latin-English Sunday Missal, and Bowskill who has done so much in were very pleased to discover that organising the choir and generally they planned not only a Sunday sorting out queries as they have Missal, but a Daily Latin-English arisen, and to Mgr Andrew Burnham Missal too. for his interesting and enlightening Discussions with the CTS talk. demonstrated immediately that the The year 2010/11 has, of course, new altar missal, albeit virtually all been dominated by the final approval in English and with five-line music by Rome of the new ICEL denoted by oval blobs, would be translations, and their forthcoming incomparably better than its full implementation this Advent. The predecessor, with a superb binding, bishops of England & Wales, illustrations taken from medieval Scotland and Australia, gave the job illuminated manuscripts, and chants of producing the new altar missal to for everything priests and the CTS. We had already been in congregations have to sing. The

6 computer files of this missal would such as this, and cutting and pasting form the basis of the English side of material from other documents, not a bilingual missal. to mention emailing, are a boon, and one wonders at the work Dick and The bishops would not give Ruth Richens must have done in the permission to publishers to produce late 1970s and early 1980s before congregational missals until they had our missal was published. put proposals to them which complied with the bishops’ The Lectionary items (readings, guidelines. It was not until early in responsorial psalms and gospel June that the bishops approved acclamations) will only appear in proposals from three publishers. English, the readings being taken They accepted the CTS’s proposal from the Jerusalem Bible. Computer for bilingual Sunday and Daily files for these had to be obtained missals; there is no suggestion that from the United States and adapted the other publishers will provide for use here. The Latin texts which more than a modicum of Latin, if are sung from the Graduale that. In passing, it may be noted that Romanum have not been translated one of the other publishers is part of by ICEL, so the plan was to use the Murdoch empire, an outfit not translations which were being entirely out of the headlines in recent prepared for use with the Graduale months. Parvum. It did not emerge until the last minute that only a small Thus the CTS has just over four proportion of these translations months to put the Sunday Missal would be ready by Advent, so we together and get it to a printer. The had to revert to the translations we Daily Missal is due out in January. had approved for our missal in 1982. There can be no question of the At the time of writing, it looks as missal not being ready in time for though these Gradual texts and their Advent as it needs to coincide with translations will not be incorporated the full introduction of the new in the CTS missal. This is a big translation, and this is when the disappointment but, given the maximum sales are expected. The magnitude of this project and the Association promised all the support incredibly short timescale, it could give to the CTS, and to that something was likely to have to give. end a team of six proofreaders has If the first printing of the missal is a been busy this summer examining sell-out, then there will soon be an and commenting on draft pages. All opportunity to seek the inclusion of this can now be done electronically, these texts in a second edition. At all with each proofreader’s comments events, the introduction of the new visible to all the others. Techniques Lectionary, whenever that may be,

7 will require a new edition of the de Satgé, and we were very gratified missal. with the response from them. We are very grateful to two of our members Nothing, though, should detract from involved with the school who had the fact that the CTS bilingual missal the original idea, and who made all will be a first-class production and, the arrangements on the ground. We unlike the situation forty years ago, are always open to suggestions from ready as the new translation is members for their arranging introduced. The CTS are inviting meetings on their home territory. advance orders, and I ask everyone to put their money where their It is pleasing to record the opening in mouths are, and order as many July of the Institutum Litugicum at copies as possible for themselves and Ealing Abbey. Edward Barrett and I their friends. The Sunday missal attended the launch of this venture, costs £18 or £25, depending on the brainchild of our members Dom binding, and the Daily missal, £45. It Daniel McCarthy and Dom James is sobering to recall that our missal Leachman, sponsored by the abbots in 1983 sold for £8.50 (softback) and of Ealing and Farnborough, and £11.95 (hardback). Since then the launched by Bishop Hopes. We need Retail Price Index has multiplied to be able to see today’s Liturgy in almost 3-fold, so the CTS missal will the context of liturgical history, and be relatively less expensive, despite the Institutum will be a valuable help including readings and devotional in gaining this perspective. material, and having rubrics printed in red. Another of our members, Fr Guy Nicholls, has been busy founding The remainder of the year has been and launching the Blessed John far less momentous. Once again we Henry Newman Institute of had a stall at ‘Towards Advent’ at Liturgical Music. Under the auspices Westminster Cathedral Hall. We met of the Birmingham Oratory, the old friends, and had a generally NILM will set about addressing the convivial day, keeping the general lack of knowledge of church Association and its aims in people’s music and its place in the Liturgy, minds. starting with using the new Our Spring Meeting was held at translation, but moving on rapidly to Mayfield School, Sussex, in a embrace the use of Latin. The charming rural setting, and in the Institute’s work will include the magnificent school chapel. Girls promotion of the Latin and English from the school formed the schola, chants in the Graduale Parvum , to receiving some training at a special be published by Continuum, the first session beforehand given by Jeremy volume of which, a selection of

8 Sunday and Holyday Masses, is due dioceses. Many, probably most, did to be ready by Advent. Two further not respond, but there was a reply volumes, covering the remainder of from the then Bishop Cormac Sundays and Holydays, are due to Murphy-O’Connor. He didn’t appear next year, although there may actually promise to do anything, but be some delay following the recent he did say words to the effect that he death of its instigator, László was happy for Masses in Latin to Dobszay. continue on the south coast where they were especially beneficial. I This meeting is only the second we certainly feel that today’s Mass has have ever held at the seaside (the been most beneficial, and I hope this first being six years ago at Leigh-on- parish’s liturgical standards will Sea). It has put me in mind of a letter prove an exemplar for all its Martin Lynch wrote to all bishops neighbours. asking about Masses in Latin in their Bernard Marriott

The Liturgical Patrimony of the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham, and the Reform of the Reform Paper given by Mgr Andrew Burnham at the 2011 AGM

his paper is in two parts. I suspect that T some of those I am addressing are particularly interested in what is already happening in the first of the Ordinariates, the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham (OOLW). That is the subject of the first part of the lecture. The second part will be of interest to those, especially those in the Association for Latin Liturgy, and indeed many in the Latin Mass Society – and I do know the difference – who are anxious to see the preservation of a cultural patrimony much wider and deeper than that of the Anglican tradition. So, to begin with, and to justify the decision of the organizers of this event to invite me to address you, let me immediately identify myself with, and make common cause with, the aims of the Association for Latin Liturgy. We are keen ‘to promote understanding of the theological, pastoral and spiritual qualities of the liturgy in Latin’. We seek ‘to preserve the sacredness and dignity of the Roman rite’. We are anxious ‘to secure, for the present and future generations, the Church's unique inheritance of liturgical music’.

9 I don’t know if reciting those aims supporting calendar and lectionary automatically enrols me in the material, and the marriage and funeral Association but, if I have to sign services, we have yet to publish the large something and pay a subscription as collection of post-biblical readings. The well, I shall be only too glad to oblige. I Office and the marriage and funeral spent too long as a practising musician services can be accessed from existing not to agree with these aims: I think a Anglican material and the Book of classical musician who wished to dissent Divine Worship , with a steer as to what from these aims would have to become a should and should not be used. The fan of Bartok or Delius or a member of calendar and lectionary material will be the Nazi party to escape from the published by the Ordinariate, and overwhelming beauty of the Catholic involves no complications of copyright. repertoire of liturgical music. To come It is the large collection of post-biblical to the point: the second part of my readings which will need to be published reflection will be on what is normally and we hope that this will happen in referred to as ‘the reform of the Spring 2012. Meanwhile it will be the Reform’, and I shall come to that when I task of the inter-dicasterial commission have shared some thoughts on the being set up this autumn to seek liturgical formation of the Ordinariate of recognitio for the provisional resources Our Lady of Walsingham. and endeavour to produce an Order of Mass, suitable, if possible, for 1. L ITURGICAL F ORMATION OF THE international use by those who have ORDINARIATE OF O UR L ADY OF come from the Anglican tradition. The WALSINGHAM aim is to achieve this within three years. As the groups take shape and begin to So, broadly speaking, Ordinariate groups establish a pattern of liturgical life, it is and parishes, over the next three years at probably worth setting down a few least, will be using the Roman Missal for thoughts about what is – or might soon Mass and the Ordinariate Use for the be – going on. The setting down of these public celebration of the Divine Office, thoughts has no more authority than and for marriages and funerals. whatever is self-evidently sensible Prayer Book Texts within them, and may be more or less influential on what develops and how it Whilst permission for use of material ad develops, depending on circumstances interim has been granted by the CDF and well beyond my control. Much of what I CDW, there could be specific directives, have to say is about music: the liturgy from time to time, modifying what is itself is a given but how it is celebrated, permitted. One such directive might and in particular how it is said and sung, cover the use of the Ordinary of the accompanied and adorned, depends on a Mass, which some would like sung to number of significant choices. Merbecke or some other setting, as found in the Prayer Book tradition. Ordinariate Use There is a continuing facility to use the Though we now have provisional Book of Divine Worship , but not to unpublished resources for the Office as import texts from that book into masses it may be used in the OOLW, and the celebrated according to the Roman

10 Missal. Use of the Book of Divine better than what others do. For one Worship is complicated not only by it thing, our little groups usually have being North American in origin, and more to learn than they have to teach as containing therefore much that is they interact often with large and different from our own experience, but flourishing congregations. For another, also because of some necessary in some dioceses there are so many ex- restrictions placed on its use. For one Anglican priests at work that, even if we thing, certainly as regards the OOLW, were some kind of leaven, the lump had only the traditional language (‘Rite plenty of that kind of leaven already. One’) services may be used. For another, And yet we do bring some gifts. Solemn the Roman words of consecration, as Evensong and Benediction is widely found in the new English translation of recognised – not least by the Holy Father the Roman Missal, must be used in place himself – as a gift that we are bringing. of whatever is there, even in the so- The marriage and funeral rites are called Coverdale version of the Canon. similarly a gift: the marriage rite itself is a direct descendant of the mediæval Ceremonial marriage rite of England. We also bring We are at an interim stage as regards a sense of the ‘solemn mass on ceremonial. The CDW is preparing an Sundays’ (even if the numbering instruction for us, at the request of our attending it in our Anglican days seldom working party, detailing what is reached three figures). The Catholic permissible within the framework of the mass culture is a ‘low mass’ culture, General Instruction of the Roman Missal and, in many parishes, however much (GIRM). This is likely to commend singing is done, there is nothing that eastward celebration, when the dynamic could be easily identified as a ‘solemn of the building suggests it, and may even mass’ on Sundays. The new missal is commend such practices as kneeling for tackling this, by integrating the priest’s the Incarnatus . We shall have to see, but singing part into the main text, and there it is important for us to realise that, are instructions, from time to time, about though most of us are thoroughly the importance of plainsong. attuned to the same ceremonial style and Singing the Mass language as are used in most Catholic churches in England and Wales, there The main gift we shall bring to are many overseas who are very anxious eucharistic celebration, I believe, may be indeed about being required to abandon paradoxical. It may be the way in which traditional ceremonial and indeed we approach the new translation of the traditional words. Order of Mass and the way we set about celebrating it. Former Anglicans will A Liturgical Patrimony mostly not be unnerved by the singing of How, then, do we establish a liturgical the Mass, the prayers and, in appropriate patrimony, a distinctive feel to the circumstances, the readings. It will services we celebrate? We need to be require a great deal of hard work: it will careful of what has been called not do simply to approximate the singing ‘effortless Anglican superiority’, the to some sort of half-remembered oral assumption that whatever we do is rather tradition, as we have long done. My

11 experience in Oxford, with a group of popular music or adapted to popular about thirty, is that, with the notes, the songs. These settings should be in some congregation managed Missa de Angelis sense classics, as indeed the plainsong in Greek and Latin in Easter time, and chant settings are. As regards settings Credo III in Latin (sung alternatim ) and from a distinctive Anglican background, has also managed to learn what I am we have discovered, after unconvincing calling Missa simplex , the very attempts to adapt it, that it is probably a manageable setting in the new Roman good idea to preserve John Merbecke for Missal. They have also managed Credo I the traditional prayer book texts, once in English. We shall be looking for a we have permission to use them. third setting, which is neither fancy Merbecke, after all, was setting these Latin for feast days, nor plain English texts in 1550, when they were for green Sundays, but that will be about contemporary. Though the Martin Shaw as much as we need. That third setting ‘Anglican Folk Mass’, a twentieth may be a modern setting though, so far, century setting in an idiom which none has emerged which commends resembles both plainsong and folk song, itself. Meanwhile we have the services sets the traditional texts, we have found in Oxford of the Newman Consort, a that it also adapts well to the new small group of expert singers, whose English texts. The work has been done mandate is to point up the solemnity of a and we await copyright permission. particular occasion by singing parts of Creed and Lord’s Prayer the Ordinary to polyphony and by singing, from time to time, a motet at the There are a number of decisions to be beginning of the Offertory, and an Agnus made. One concerns the use of the Dei or a motet at the Communion. Last Creed. The rubrics permit the use of the weekend we had the Byrd Four-part for Apostles’ Creed, and whether that the Newman Pilgrimage at Littlemore becomes the vehicle for catechesis in and the Byrd Five-part for the Oxford Lent may depend on how well it is Ordinariate’s Vigil Mass. known and used at other times. Within the Anglican tradition historically there Cultures and the Ordinary of the Mass would have been nothing to be gained by One of the challenges of the future using the Apostles’ Creed at the indeed is what to do about modern Eucharist, because it was used twice a settings. These are being controlled very day in the Office. In the modern carefully, by way of copyright Catholic tradition, if the Apostles’ Creed restriction, by the Catholic Bishops’ is not used at Mass, then it is likely to Liturgy Committee, we understand. fall into disuse, except where there is a There is a strong desire to drive out devotion to the Rosary. Where the cheap and meretricious settings of the Nicene Creed is used (and, of course, it Mass, and to ban all paraphrases. usually is), some reflection is needed on Whatever musical provision is made for whether it should be said or sung. The ‘folk’ or ‘rock’ or ‘youth’ masses, in the Oxford plan at present is to say it Pope’s view it should not be the occasionally but usually to sing it – to Ordinary of the Mass that is set to the modern English setting of Credo I in

12 the Roman Missal in the green season is more than a local enrichment. There and to the Latin of Credo III in will always be a place for local Eastertide and on solemnities and feasts. composition and performance but it would be fair to assume that most things The new version of the solemn tone of produced locally are likely to be of the Lord’s Prayer in the Roman Missal limited value. There is also a sense in is, in my view, similar to but less which the Ordinary of the Mass is felicitous than the setting long used by something to be shared, something Anglo-catholics. That might indicate the familiar to come across as one goes from need to stay with an established use, but place to place, something to be roared there is a risk in that which we will out by a crowd in St Peter’s Square. In explore shortly. As with the Creed, there short, the local organist’s anthem, or are three clear pathways which suggest hymn descant, or psalm chant, is themselves. The festal one is the use of probably to be encouraged more than his the Rimsky-Korsakov setting. When I or her mass setting. The Church needs first came across this, I was some interchangeability and unconvinced: what place has a piece of transferability and the risk of losing that Byzantine chant in the Western context is acute if idiosyncratic settings are of the Roman Mass? Soon, haunted by preferred. Thus, even if the new solemn its beauty, I glimpsed the profound tone for the Lord’s Prayer is less good symbolism of a Byzantine gem at the than an older version, it nonetheless has heart of the Roman Mass, as significant wider currency. The problem is more in its way as the use of the Greek text of acute with translations of plainsong Kyrie eleison . This can be particularly settings. Missa simplex is available both poignant in a plainsong mass: suddenly in the original languages and in there is this moment of four-part translation. It is to be hoped that all congregational singing as the mass plainsong masses available in translation reaches its climax. I reflected too on the will be standard: changes in underlay popularity of the Russian Contakion of and melismata, and even notes, from the Departed (English Hymnal 744), a place to place, would achieve nothing piece no less disjunctive in the context for the corporate life of the Church. of a Western rite requiem. For green Sundays there might well be the setting Propers, Psalms and Hymns of John Merbecke, which is clearly, in style, a ‘simple tone’ version of a There is no space here to expound how plainchant original. Then there is the integral psalmody is to the celebration of saying of the Lord’s Prayer, rather than the Mass: much of the psalter was the singing of it. This everyday use inextricably bound up with the temple might never commend itself for the Sung cultus and that tradition has sometimes Mass but circumstances vary. all but disappeared but in the end has remained. Few groups and parishes will Idiosyncratic Settings take on the provision of the Graduale The music J S Bach composed for St Romanum, which best suits abbeys and Thomas, Leipzig, is a constant reminder cathedrals, and the Graduale Simplex that local composition and performance has never really taken hold. Coming

13 soon is a Graduale Parvum , which will solemnity of Our Lady of Walsingham) have Latin and English texts, and there are other excellent resources emerging. Hymns themselves often displace the Adam Bartlett’s Simple English Propers texts of propers and it is worth came out this year and uses the texts of pondering just what it is that former the Graduale Romanum translated into Anglicans bring to this. I would suggest the English of the Revised Grail Psalter. that it is something between the In Oxford we have made extensive use Wesleyan tradition of building liturgy on of the simple tones of the English hymnody – where the texts of the hymns Gradual – the old Wantage collection, are the building blocks of the liturgy of where the tones are the same every week the day – and the modern Catholic but only the text changes – but using the fashion for having suitable musical actual texts of the Roman Missal. interludes in a ‘said mass’. The Anglican tradition could be summed up as singing These resources should be explored fully appropriate words, to tunes of the within the Ordinariate, whose groups appropriate mood, for an appropriate often have the aptitude and resources for length of time at the points in the service the task. The standard collections of where, in the Catholic tradition, the responsorial psalms were just a propers are otherwise sited. Hymns not beginning. Sometimes the most effective only enable people to join in but, as the place to start is the metrical psalm. Until hymn boards often show, are a the Oxford Movement the nearest thing somewhat prolix strategy for keeping to hymn singing in the Church of people engaged and quiet at various England was the metrical psalm and a times. Perhaps a creative liturgical tenth of the metrical psalter has survived patrimony will re-learn from the in the form of well-known hymns: Wesleyans the art of tailoring text to psalms 17, 23, 26, 34, 46, 67, 72, 87, 90, theme and from the Catholics that two or 100, 103,104, 122, 136, 148, 150. To three hymns will suffice and that half a begin Mass with one of these metrical dozen and more is several too many. We psalms is to recover and integrate have to learn the lesson still that over- several significant traditions – psalmody, lengthy services are the result of too hymnody, the Anglican tradition of much hymn singing. metrical psalms, the place of psalmody in the cultus. The more adventurous will Musical Accompaniment find, in Christoph Tietze’s Hymn Introits Music may well be the bicycle of the for the Liturgical Year a much wider liturgy, as the late Thurston Dart used to selection of possibilities, many of which say, but groups and parishes will are patient of being set to well-known sometimes struggle to find musicians. tunes. (For the Vigil Mass of the The instinct is to look for an organist Assumption, for example, there is a and, failing that, a pianist, and to count metrical setting of Psalm 45 to the tune oneself fortunate indeed if there is a of the Christmas carol, Gabriel’s music group. More necessary than any Message , and with the refrain ‘Most of these, arguably, is a good cantor, highly favoured Lady. Gloria!’ That was someone who can sing the solo parts and useful too for the Ordinariate’s lead the singing of the congregation.

14 Accompaniment is sometimes thought helping them and from them helping us, necessary to support small numbers but but plenty to fear from not rising to the it could in truth be the large challenge of developing our own culture congregations which really need the and patrimony. playing of the merry organ. The full nave of a cathedral needs organo pleno . 2. T HE R EFORM OF THE R EFORM A congregation of a few dozen can be I move on now to the second part of led by a singer or a strong flautist. what I want to say. As in a concert, this A Distinct Style second part is quite a bit shorter than the first. A shameless commercial will We have dwelt on the musical issues at obviate the need for saying too much. some length, and I hope that the little My views on the Reform of the Reform group of musicians who are consulting are set out in Heaven and Earth in Little one another about all this will be a Space: The Re-enchantment of Liturgy , a helpful resource. There is so much bad book published in 2010. There is, in practice that could be imported if we are particular, a chapter called ‘Said or not all vigilant. Moreover, the risk is that Sung’ which harmonises well with some so much of what we have done has been of the things I was talking about earlier. contemporary Catholic worship on a Similarly, there is a chapter called much smaller scale. There is a real risk, ‘Extraordinary or Ordinary’ which deals that is, that the lunchtime or afternoon with the Reform of the Reform. Those Ordinariate Mass will be the poor who like pure red meat will not be relation not just in timing to whatever reading what I have to say but going goes on normally in a particular church. straight to Francis Mannion’s 1996 Interaction and Assimilation essay, ‘The Catholicity of the Liturgy: Shaping a New Agenda’ 1 or to Thomas It is much too early to tell whether Kocik’s book, The Reform of the Anglicanorum cœtibus will result in Reform? , and Aidan Nichols’ essay something large, vibrant and new within therein giving ‘an English View’ 2. The the Church, or whether it will have been other place to go to is The Spirit of the – and remain – a friendly crossing point, Liturgy 3, the permanent gift of the then a part of the river which is not too deep. Prefect of the Congregation for the Certainly there will be an enormous Doctrine of the Faith to liturgical amount of interaction and assimilation, as clergy from the Ordinariate work in 1. M. Francis Mannion, ‘The Catholicity of the and serve Catholic parishes and Catholic Liturgy: Shaping a New Agenda’ in Stratford institutions, as congregations mingle and Caldecott (ed.), Beyond the Prosaic: Renewing merge. There will be fear of the the Liturgical Movement , Edinburgh: T&T Clark consequences of interaction and 1998, pp. 11ff assimilation but, in truth, the survival of 2. The Reform of the Reform? A Liturgical the Ordinariate, and its growing strong Debate: Reform or Return, San Francisco, and prospering, will rely almost entirely Ignatius Press, 2003 on the vibrancy of the liturgical and 3. Joseph Ratzinger, tr. John Saward, The Spirit parochial life it engenders. In short, we of the Liturgy, San Francisco, Ignatius Press, have nothing to fear from others, from 2000

15 theology. The way that the burden of the inmates, called Mad Mick, or some this book is, in equal measure, revered such, was taking it particularly and ignored in the Catholic Church personally that the Pope had not sought shows both the strength and the his approval for the new translation of vulnerability of the Petrine ministry. Too the Mass. many otherwise loyal Catholics seem to Compared with these minor difficulties, regard the Holy Father as being old- the great prizes of what may become fashioned and slightly out-of-touch in possible loom large. Can we persuade liturgical matters – why else would they priests and people to re-engage with disregard what he says? – whereas he is chant? In the spirit of Liturgiam pointing forward to a new synthesis, authenticam 2001, can we persuade the when what has been a pendulum of English-speaking world that the first or reform will settle and become a plumb- second Catholic edition of the Revised line of a rich eucharistic spirituality, Standard Version is the version to use, expressed in a glorious liturgy. since it is in the English biblical tradition Since any of these books has been of translation whereby, broadly written, the English-speaking world of speaking, significant Hebrew and Greek the Catholic Church has begun to words are given a stable English experience the new English translation equivalent? My own view is that, of the Missal. We are still nervous about whatever the translators tell us are the bits of bureaucratic English that have merits of dynamic equivalence, and the intruded – ‘approve this offering in merits of such translations to convey every respect’ – or new poetic what is interpreted as the meaning of the expressions - ‘the dewfall’, which, this original are considerable, the English of side of the Atlantic at least, exist only as the Mass and the English of the Bible a rare surname. We are still wondering have a different job to do. They are not how Americanisms such as ‘reconcile us simply the vehicles of the most inspiring to yourself’ have survived the scrutiny interpretation – as, for example, the of non-American English-speakers translation of a Russian novel might be – (though there are not too many of us left but they have the added burden of being now who bother about the improper use the modern lingua franca , where, for of the reflexive pronoun). Then there are several purposes, verbal equivalence will those – and I am not one of these myself outweigh brilliant paraphrase. I think it – who are suspicious of the re- is not putting it too strongly to say that introduction of theological vocabulary – that emphasis is a gift of Anglican ‘consubstantial’, ‘chalice’, ‘oblation’ – patrimony and I was not at all surprised or of theological concepts that need to read, at some stage in the squabble, an careful handling – ‘poured out for you article in the Tablet complaining that the and for many’. There is a curious anger Anglo-catholics had got hold of the erupting here and there – not least in the liturgy. pages of the Tablet – as people express the notion that, somehow, everyone Well, most of this is in the direction of ought to have been consulted. A prison ‘Reform of the Reform’ but it is not chaplain wrote to me to say that one of quite what the Association of Latin

16 Liturgy stands for. However sublime the silent canon beneath glorious polyphony, English of the new translation – and, then so much the better. despite the infelicities and the elephant Where I think we want to get to, as I said traps, much of it seems very fine – what in my book 4, is something like the results is not a Latin Mass, Ordinary or cluster of proposals, endorsed by the Extraordinary, but an English Mass. We present Pope, and set out by such people must consider, therefore, how the Latin as Klaus Gamber and Brian Harrison. of the liturgy may continue to be According to their argument, the ‘noble recovered and to develop as well as what simplicity’ called for by Sacrosanctum the direction of reform should be. On the Concilium might have been achieved – subject of Latin, let us put to one side might still be achieved – by mostly the question of the place of Latin in the ceremonial means. Thus the Liturgy of curriculum of schools and colleges. the Word would be conducted from the Every time the teaching of ancient chair and lectern, the Last Gospel might languages seems to be on the point of be read in the vernacular from the foot withering away, there is something of a of the altar, and not on every occasion. revival. Latin continues to be widely Whatever is unchanging – the Ordinary, taught still in the private sector and there the prayers read in a low voice, the are occasional renaissances in the public Canon – should be in Latin, according to sector too. We shall never revert to the these proposals, and whatever would be convention that every educated person widely unintelligible in Latin – that is should have Latin at ‘O’-level, but nor the Proper, the readings, the Prayer of will the Latin of the liturgy ever be the Faithful, and the hymns – would be generally incomprehensible. The in the vernacular. My own suggestion, Church’s use of Latin, like its choice of modest enough, is that, instead of English liturgical vocabulary, is simply requiring certain parts of the Mass to be one of the many influences on those who in Latin, would be to allow the form curricula and who make curricular invariable parts to be in Latin at a low choices. ‘Dewfall’ might have been an mass and require them to be in Latin at a obsolete word, but, from now on, if missa solemnis . Incidentally, let no one priests continue to prefer Eucharistic be under any illusion that there still is Prayer II because of its brevity, ‘dewfall’ something which could be called ‘a low is in common use, if not common mass’. Despite the deregulation of parlance. Where I think Latin is ceremonial and music, or perhaps particularly important – and I would say because of it, there are no fewer low this, would I not? – is in the rich treasury masses than before. What we have seen of liturgical music. If I am honest, I is a further attenuation of the missa don’t much care whether or not another cantata and missa solemnis traditions. priest or religious ever reads the post- biblical reading in the Office of A fourth edition of Missale Romanum Readings in Latin. What I do care about might meet some – but undoubtedly not is the survival of Latin psalm singing, all – of the concerns of those who Latin plainsong, Latin motets, Latin presently prefer the Extraordinary Form. mass settings. And, if the context for some of this is a Latin Mass, with a 4. See e.g. p63f 17 I think, myself, the Extraordinary Form particular for the Liturgy of the is here to stay and that, however much Eucharist. It would be good for versus calendrical and euchological orientem to become normative again, convergence there is between the fourth with permission for versus populum edition of Missale Romanum and a where a particular architectural style or further edition of the 1962 Missal, we spirituality requires it, as it sometimes shall continue to have twin tracks: does. possibly the use of some abbeys and There are undoubtedly innovations of cathedrals, on the one hand, and the use the post-conciliar Missal which have of less liturgically intense religious already commended themselves to communities, parish church cathedrals traditionalists. Some of the calendrical and parish churches, on the other. Aidan reforms – though not all of them. Most Nichols sees a conspiratio , a conspiracy of the new Prefaces. Eucharistic Prayers one might say, ‘among the various III and IV, perhaps, if not Eucharistic liturgies’, ‘a concerted action of the Prayer II. Much of the liturgy for the Holy Spirit to give us a testimony as Easter Triduum, with one or two adequate as any testimony can be, this barbarities, such as the informal side of Heaven, to what the Eucharist is stripping on Maundy Thursday, and does’ 5. This ‘breathing together’ removed. What was electrifying, for would be as true of the distinct uses of both traditionalists surely and the Roman Rite – and Nichols is progressives, was the celebration of concerned that we continue to learn from Mass at the change of Pontificate: both the Mass of St Pius V – as it would be of the Funeral Mass of John Paul II and the the co-existence of Roman and Installation Mass of Benedict XVI were Byzantine Rites. strikingly beautiful, reassuringly But, addressing ourselves to the fourth traditional and yet thoroughly edition, it would be good to have the conforming to Novus Ordo Missae . If traditional eucharistic lectionary return, something like the quality of those at least as a possibility. It would be good occasions – or of the papal mass in to have the Gallican Offertory Prayers Westminster Cathedral in September return, at least as an option for use at the 2010 - could be captured and become altar whilst music is being sung. It much more usual in the life of the would be good to encourage the use of Church, the winning of the hearts and Latin for the solemn mass, and in minds of men and women of good will and the coming of the Kingdom would 5. ‘Eucharistic Theology and the Rite of Mass’ in be hastened. Aidan Nichols OP, Lost in Wonder: Essays on Mgr Andrew Burnham Liturgy and the Arts, Farnham, Ashgate 13 th October 2011 Publishing, 2011 St Edward the Confessor Please tell Moving the Membership house? Secretary

18 FROM THE PRESS

THE T ABLET , in its self-appointed role of continued in its role of convenor of campaigner against the new English protests against the translation, but the translation of the Missal, did not abate complaints are inevitably quite its negative coverage in the slightest repetitive, so I shall not report them at when the revised texts were actually too much length. In the 17th September introduced. In the edition of 3rd edition there was an unfavourable article September it printed no fewer than four by a New Zealand bishop, and on the angry letters about it. Here are some 24th several more hostile letters, two of choice extracts from them: ‘the new which complained of a discrepancy translation is causing so much anxiety which has been pointed out by many and anger’; ‘perhaps the new words here people, even by those who generally and there will trip people up and perhaps welcome the translation, which is that then they will think about what they are pax hominibus bonae voluntatis in the saying, but that is just an accident Gloria has come out as ‘peace to people waiting to happen’; ‘the prospect of of good will’, but propter nos homines having to implement the new translation in the Creed is given as ‘for us men’. of the Missal is making me ill… I have This curious inconsistency could have tried to live as a Roman Catholic. I find been avoided: just as Greek has two now I am being asked to be a Vatican words, ανθρωπος (anthropos) for human Catholic. Breaking point cannot be far being and ανερ ( aner ) for male human off’; ‘all dissenters need to do is to being, so, in homo and vir , does Latin, remain silent during the responses and and in both these texts the Roman liturgy any other “un-English” parts of the uses the first. Mass’; (and from Melbourne, where the translation had already come into use): In the 5th November edition a letter ‘there is almost an angry silence from a from Canon Alan Griffiths described large portion of the people’. what he called ‘a glaring howler’ the new translation of the post-communion Meanwhile, at the front of the same prayer for the First Sunday of Advent, issue, and related to a front cover which centring around the rendering and force proclaimed ‘New Translation, New Era’, of the phrase inter praetereuntia there was an article by an American ambulantes . Finally, since this account is priest, Fr Michael G Ryan of Seattle, growing as tedious as the phenomenon it deceptively entitled ‘Time to say “yes” ’, describes, I will mention the twelve- which at first sight seemed to be page supplement in the 19th November supportive of the change, but which in Tablet , in which Nicholas King SJ fact concluded with the writer saying: ‘I provided a fairly detailed analysis of the am of the opinion that the Missal (sic) Eucharistic prayers in the new will in time – I’m guessing not a long translation, in which the three columns time – be judged deficient’. were headed, significantly, ‘1973 In subsequent editions The Tablet , far Version’, ‘Latin Version ’ [my italics] from accepting a fait accompli , and ‘New Version’. Although he praised several features of the new translation,

19 Fr King concluded: ‘The new version is Mass’. Mr Mahoney (whom later we not a success, even on its own terms’, were pleased to meet at our AGM in and then made the ludicrous assertion Brighton) described himself as ‘ that future liturgies should be written in “progressive” on most of the predictable ‘the international language of airline issues’, but said he was joining both the pilots, the simplified form of English ALL and the LMS ‘in exasperation at that is today what Latin once was’. It’s our bishops’ response’ to Universae hard to tell whether he’s being serious Ecclesiae this year and earlier to here, or, as I rather suspect, merely Summorum Pontificum in 2007. provocative, but readers of Latin Liturgy are invited to submit specimens of a CHRISTOPHER H OWSE of The Daily liturgical text in the language of air Telegraph is a stout supporter of good traffic control, and we will print the best sense in religious matters, and he had an entry. excellent article on 10th October about A letter-writer in the 26th November the new translation, headed most edition said: ‘Has The Tablet nothing appropriately ‘Restoring the centurion’s positive to print about the new roof’. But it’s not at all anodyne, and on translation of the Mass?’ Quite so. occasions he has a sharp pen, as in this paragraph: ‘Changes in the language of IN THE ‘ RE -ARRANGING THE DECK - worship always annoy, but I haven’t CHAIRS on the Titanic’ department came witnessed any steam in church, either a report in The Catholic Herald of 12th last Sunday or at a quiet weekday Mass, August which was headed ‘Scottish where priest and people stumbled once faithful may be ordered to kneel less at or twice over unfamiliar lines in Mass’. This quoted a draft statement by response to familiar cues. The people Bishop Joseph Toal entitled (it’s hard to still stand patiently like cattle waiting to believe this isn’t a spoof, but it really be auctioned’. isn’t) ‘Notification on postures during the celebration of Mass in Scotland’. ‘If AN INTERVIEW with Archbishop Vincent [at certain points in the Mass] we cannot Nichols in The Catholic Herald of 16th kneel…the proper posture is to stand’. September, headed ‘Understanding the These ‘changes in posture’ would be new Mass translation’, contained few mandatory (my italics) from the first surprises, the Archbishop showing only Sunday in Advent. It really does seem moderate enthusiasm for the changes, remarkable, with the Church falling and at times some equivocation. For apart all around them, that the Scottish example, when asked ‘What does the bishops should be devoting their time word “holy” add to the text?’ [of the and energy to such matters as this. Orate fratres ] he commented: ‘it’s not a bad thing to remind ourselves that the A LIVELY LETTER in The Catholic Church is the work of God’s spirit… the Herald of 30th September, from Mr very endurance of the Church is a Peter Mahoney, was headed (by a sub- testimony to the work of God within it, editor, no doubt) ‘I am a tortured liberal which we acknowledge in this tiny but I’m hoping for more Latin in the change in the text of the Mass’. This is a

20 curious answer: it is not ‘a change in the Archbishop Vincent Nichols and three text of the Mass’, but simply the Zoroastrian functionaries sitting in a restoration of a word [ sanctae ] which row, watching the ceremony, taking had earlier been ‘redacted’. place out of the shot, all sporting intriguing and exotic headwear, different In the same edition appeared a in each case, one of them the imposing substantial article by Fr Guy Nicholls of black satin fenta , while the Archbishop the Birmingham Oratory and a member wears what could, but may not, be a of the ALL Council, describing the black skullcap. They make a composed inspiration for, and the establishment of, and dignified group, though certainly The Blessed John Henry Newman heterogenous. The Herald provided Institute of Liturgical Music, which is some helpful information about the already doing excellent work. adherents of the ancient Zoroastrian religion, estimated to number about OUR A SSOCIATION ’S AGM at Brighton 190,000 throughout the world. Wisely, on October 15th received very good given the vocal minority of extremist coverage in the Catholic press and on the lunatics who like to express online their internet. The Catholic Herald printed a condemnation of everything which they report with a photograph, of the consider to be association with heresy, elevation of the Host at the Mass, and a The Catholic Herald did not put this summary of the day’s events. Mgr charming photograph on its website. Burnham’s remarks about the future of the Ordinariate and its liturgy received IN ITS EDITION OF 26 TH N OVEMBER the additional coverage elsewhere, long series of articles ‘Listen to the mentioned in connection with the ALL. Word’ in The Tablet came to what their author, Dom Daniel McCarthy OSB, THE T ABLET of 22nd October picked up called ‘its natural conclusion’. He one point from Mgr Burnham’s address observed that ‘the closer the vernacular when it reported that ‘Masses celebrated is to the Latin text, the more reliable the by priests in the Ordinariate are likely to Latin text must be’, and went on to be celebrated ad orientem , according to emphasise the pastoral dimension of one of its leaders’, although this liturgy, which he sees as pre-eminent. categorical assertion was modified later CF in the report. We had not been aware of the presence of a Tablet reporter at the SUBSCRIPTIONS meeting. Members are requested to note that THIS NEXT ITEM has nothing to do with annual subscriptions fall due on 1st Latin, or indeed Catholic, liturgy as April. such, but your editor was captivated by a Full details of rates and methods of photograph in The Catholic Herald of payment are provided on the Form 25th November under the heading which is enclosed with this edition ‘Archbishop watches fire ceremony at London Zoroastrian centre’. It depicted of Latin Liturgy .

21 ITALY REVISITED

fter three years with no holiday would have been helpful to have A break, the urge was irresistible booklets for the Latin chant, as well as and for an incorrigible the Italian Mass leaflets with all the Italophile there could be only one readings also in the English, French, answer. Concerns about restricted German and Spanish translations which mobility were set aside and in the event are provided throughout Italy. As the one was grateful to Alitalia and organ voluntary came to an end one Trenitalia for so cheerfully providing stepped out happily inspired into the assistenza whenever needed. So welcoming embrace of the city with so Florence was the perfect starting point. many tempting cultural attractions at Externally the Duomo seemed even one’s disposal. We should concentrate larger and more majestic than one on liturgical matters; otherwise one remembered, and the interior somehow could ramble on interminably. However, plainer and less ornate. But it was a great one might mention that of all the joy to take one’s place once again for delightful churches in Florence, our Solemn Mass on Sunday within the latest favourites include the Santissima spacious octagonal choir area beneath Annunziata , with its distinctive loggia the fabulous dome, not many feet from and frescoes and an amazing chapel the high altar, having arrived early overcrowded with sanctuary lamps. enough to hear the cathedral canons Then, in the Oltrarno district just across singing Lodi (Lauds) across in the the Ponte Vecchio , where we would Blessed Sacrament Chapel. That was in always choose to stay, there is the Italian, but it is good to know that on delightful church of Santo Spirito with a Sunday afternoon Vespers are sung in surprising interior and, kept discreetly in Latin. the vestry, Michelangelo’s first crucifix with the naked Christ. The setting and atmosphere were conducive to a most rewarding On a brief diversion to Siena, we were celebration. Mass was exactly as delighted to find before us the exquisite remembered, (described in NL121, marble façade of the Duomo and its 2004) fully in Latin apart from the perfectly satisfying interior. Moving readings and homily. The celebrant and quickly on to the next destination, deacon wore good Roman vestments and Assisi, we were anxious to see the state the numerous concelebrants wore of the priceless frescoes of Cimabue and chasubles of compatible design in the Giotto following the devastating same shade of green. The celebration earthquake of 1997. In fact, the work of was faultless, even if the homily was far restoration is a truly magnificent from short. The Ordinary was in simple accomplishment. As with the great plainsong, Mass XI, sung by a mixed floods in Florence in 1966, the Italians schola conducted by a lady director of have succeeded in achieving a music. It was a pity that relatively few of triumphant recovery from a major the congregation felt able to join in. It natural disaster. The hill city with its

22 wide variety of basilicas, churches and appointed by the Pope. With the Pope’s convents, all intimately associated with consent the Papal Altar may be used for St Francis and St Clare, remains as the Basilica's most solemn liturgical always a rewarding place of pilgrimage. functions. At the time of our visit the With plenty of liturgy going on, but Archpriest was Cardinal Bernard Law, sadly no certainty of Latin, despite the formerly Archbishop of Boston, but his coming together of many nationalities, it place has now been taken by the Spanish was clearly time to head for Rome. Cardinal Santos Abril y Castelló. Interestingly, the title of Proto-canon of If one’s spirit sinks on seeing the throng the Basilica is held by King Juan Carlos of humans queuing to enter St Peter’s, of Spain. Apart from the 24 Canons of all that changes as soon as one is within the Chapter, the Basilica has in residence and able to rejoice at being yet again at eleven Dominican priests forming a the living heart of our Church and free to College of Confessors and a community savour the treasures of the great Basilica. of Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate. It is perfectly possible to slip through the There is also a team of very smart crowd to find stillness and pray quietly ushers, members of the Collegium before the Blessed Sacrament in the Liberianum Association, attired in chapel where it is permanently exposed. matching blazers and ties, rather like Since our last visit, the body of Blessed school prefects, who perform useful Pope John XXIII had been moved to the functions in the Basilica. The title chapel of St Jerome and is displayed in a ‘Liberian’ used for various bodies, glass case beneath the altar. It was particularly the choir, the Capella reassuring to see that Mass was still sung Musicale Liberiana, comes from Pope in Latin with Gregorian Chant at the Liberius (352-366) in whose reign the Altar of the Chair at 5.30 on weekday foundation began. Perhaps the most evenings and at 10.30 every Sunday important figure there today is the morning. However, having already had Director of Music, Mgr Valentino the happy experience of attending those Miserachs Grau, who is also Dean of the Masses, we decided that on this Sunday Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music. His we would go instead to the beautiful predecessors have included Giovanni Basilica of St Mary Major where we had Pierluigi da Palestrina who, having been never previously attended Mass, a young boy singer in the Basilica from although well aware of its excellent 1537, became director in 1561. Another reputation. predecessor, for only two years, was Alessandro Scarlatti, while from 1947 to Santa Maria Maggiore (also described 1977 the director was the great in NL 121, 2004) may be said to be the Domenico Bartolucci, who was recently best loved, best preserved and most appointed Cardinal by Pope Benedict. satisfying architecturally of the four ancient papal basilicas. It is entrusted to On Sunday the setting for an impressive the care of a priestly College, composed liturgy was perfect. All was bright and of the Archpriest Cardinal, 24 Canons beautiful in the vast space, with fine and Coadjutors of the Chapter, all marbles, and harmonious decoration.

23 Above the long nave, of almost 300 feet, Although Mass was to be celebrated the coffered ceiling glowed with versus populum, the big six candles brilliant gold leaf, from gold brought stood on the altar with a moderately back from the Americas, given to the sized cross standing in the centre, as Pope by King Ferdinand and Queen now preferred by the Pope and referred Isabella. At the far end stood the to as the ‘Benedictine’ arrangement. triumphal arch, and before it the wide Italian MCs see it as part of their job to Papal Altar under the handsome instruct the faithful when to rise or sit, baldacchino. The two magnificent side eg at the Alleluia and Credo, and when chapels were out of sight to the the principal MC was attending the congregation at Mass, but one reflected celebrant in the Liturgy of the Eucharist, that the Basilica contained the tombs of the second MC came forward to direct no less than five popes, including St Pius the people in his place. V, as well as relics of St Jerome and the body of the great architect Bernini. In The musical setting was Missa de the Confessio under the high altar there Angelis (Mass VIII) with polyphony in is a reliquary said to contain the sacred alternation, specially composed by the relic of the Holy Crib. Director, Mgr Miserachs, who was conducting the schola at this Mass. A A great Mass must begin with a great cantor stood on a small podium in the Entrance Procession and on this sanctuary, vested in an alb (but no occasion that was admirably achieved. girdle), to conduct the people in their At exactly 10.00 am the schola of some sung responses and in alternation in the 25 to 30 male voices began the Introit, chanted Ordinary. The Responsorial filling the air with a glorious sound, and Psalm (Ps 79) was sung in Latin and the the procession emerged from the sacristy people encouraged to join in the at the rear of the Basilica, led by the response Vinea Domini, domus Israel second MC with the thurifer and candle est . Credo III was sung in alternation bearers. All the altar servers were and the schola sang the Gregorian members of the Franciscan community, propers. The people were provided with wearing cottas over their grey habits. a sheet containing the words and music Then came the members of the schola for the Latin Ordinary, together with the vested in dark purple cassocks and white readings of the day in Italian. The surplices, then 18 concelebrant priests in readings and ‘Bidding Prayers’ were identical green chasubles, followed by delivered by well-dressed young men the 24 canons and the principal who came forward in turn from the back celebrant, all wearing birettas. At the of the sanctuary. An offertory procession Confessio the procession divided and of four smart young people also came after reverencing the altar, the majority from behind the altar, knelt before the took their places almost hidden from celebrant, then carried the gifts to the view beyond the baldacchino. After the credence table. All was done neatly and incensation the celebrant took his place reverently. When the senior concelebrant at the chair centrally placed in front of had prepared the altar, ushers took away the altar with two senior concelebrants at the celebrant’s chair from the front of the side and the MC in attendance. the sanctuary and the Offertory began.

24 The Liturgy of the Eucharist was good to reflect on the Council’s celebrated versus populum. All was done unambiguous endorsement of correctly in an exemplary manner. Only traditional sacred music, and perhaps two concelebrants joined the principal especially on that most neglected of celebrant at the altar. Holy Communion its pronouncements: ‘Ecclesia for the people was well organised, distributed by several concelebrants cantum gregorianum agnoscit ut across the Basilica and discreetly liturgiae romanae proprium: qui controlled by the ushers. With the ideo in actionibus liturgicis, ceteris ablutions completed, the celebrant’s paribus, principem locum chair was replaced in the front of the obtineat’ ( Sacrosanctum concilium , sanctuary for the concluding rites. The n. 116). (‘The Church acknowledges recession was as grand as the entrance, Gregorian chant as proper to the except that the schola remained in place. Roman liturgy: therefore, other Behind the celebrant came an Eastern things being equal, it should be given prelate who had been present at the side the principal place in liturgical of the sanctuary during Mass. In contrast to all the matching green chasubles of services.’) the concelebrating clergy, he provided a Western ecclesiastical chant – arguably brilliant touch of colour, wearing an the most ancient musical form still impressive scarlet mantiya (mantle) and surviving in unbroken tradition, and on his head the red Eastern kamilavka . undoubtedly the foundation of later This was Mgr Irynej Bilyk, Bishop musical development in the West – is, at Emeritus of Buchach in the Ukraine, last, beginning to enjoy once again its who is a honorary canon. In the privileged status within its own proper meantime, the schola remained in place home: the Catholic liturgy. For some of and sang a rousing hymn in Italian, us in the pews, the chant revival is identified afterwards as Al tuo tempio taking a while to percolate through, but secolare, a popular hymn to Our Lady. It from the liturgical celebrations of the was clearly popular with the Supreme Pontiff, through the liturgies of congregation who gave an enthusiastic cathedrals, monasteries and shrines, to round of applause. Whatever next! parishes where clergy and musicians are Nevertheless, one felt wonderfully striving to put the will of the Church into renewed after a great Sunday Mass, fully effect, a change in the atmosphere can sung in the Latin of the current Missale be felt. What is most surprising is that Romanum , in an incomparable location. this most ancient music is reclaiming its Edward Barrett place by means of the most modern technology. News from Nowhere The progressively wider availability of s we approach the fiftieth ever-greater resources via the internet A anniversary of the opening makes it easier and easier for church of the Second Vatican musicians – even those with small Council (11 October 1962), it is budgets and limited opportunities for

25 training – to tap into the treasury of the Novum in 2011. Like the Solesmes Church’s sacred chant. Let me take one monks, the learned editors of this new day of the liturgical year as an example Graduale have attempted to reconstruct of how this works. the ‘authentic’ melodies of the Proper chants for Sundays and Solemnities, Say you wanted to sing the Gregorian drawing on the latest chant scholarship. Propers for the Third Sunday after Before appearing between hard covers, Easter (29 April this year) in the many of these reconstructed chants were Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite. posted online at http://gregor-und- You simply have to visit taube.de/html/materialien.htm , where www.renegoupil.org , a site hosted by they remain available to be downloaded the American liturgical apostolate or printed off. The principles of Corpus Christi Watershed. There you reconstruction employed in this volume can easily find the scores (in traditional will be disconcerting for those of us ‘square notes’) of the Introit, Offertory, raised on the Solesmes books – the Fa &c., in a format that can be printed off. sharp in the Communion antiphon for There’s a score for organ our given Sunday, for example, is a bit accompaniment as well. If your sight- startling – but it is very useful to have reading, like mine, is not all it could be, these versions freely available for just click on another link and you can performance or study. listen to an audio recording, taken (I think) from one of the old Solesmes Many of the chants from the Graduale – Abbey records. Or are you singing the especially for the Ordinary of Mass, but Ordinary Form, which assigns a also a growing number of Proper chants different set of Propers to this Sunday? – have also been uploaded to video- Again, CCW are here to help, at the sharing sites such as sister site www.isaacjogues.org , which www.youtube.com , www.vimeo.com offers a similar menu of resources from and the specifically Catholic the reformed books. (These websites, by en.gloria.tv . If, for example, you enter the way, are named in honour of the the terms ‘communio ego sum pastor Jesuit martyrs of North America.) bonus’ into the search box on Youtube, the first two videos that it finds are All the scores and recordings hosted on recordings of, respectively, the Graduale these sites are based on the books Novum and the Graduale Romanum published by the monks of Solesmes, versions of that Communion antiphon. which have represented for so many This makes it easy to compare the two decades the gold standard in chant versions, and more practically, it can scholarship. But there are some new kids also be a great aid to learning the chant, on the block. Right after assigning pride since one can listen to the melody while of place to Gregorian chant, the following the notation on screen. Conciliar Constitution on the Liturgy called for an ‘editio magis critica’ ( SC , What if you want to chase some of these n. 117: ‘a more scholarly edition’) of the chants back to their sources in the early Latin chant books. It was in response to manuscripts? Increasingly, this too can this call that the German music publisher be done online. As the various libraries ConBrio brought out its Graduale that hold the codices have their own,

26 independent websites, and as their novissimus, stella matutina, ego clavis digitisation policies differ, it can be David, alleluia. tricky to find just what you are looking for. A good, if somewhat chaotic, place I had planned to write a to start is the website comprehensive overview of chant www.gregorianbooks.com , which websites on the internet, but I appear appears to be run by an enthusiastic to have filled up my allotted space individual, and which is frequently just looking at the resources for one updated. This site is a rambling miscellany of resources which displays Sunday of the year. I will have to put as a single, vast page; look carefully, and off until future issues any you will find links to those manuscripts consideration of the various chant which have been uploaded onto the blogs, networks and forums; online internet. Thus, within a few clicks of the coverage of chant festivals and other mouse, you can be turning the virtual events; the web presence of pages of Laon MS. 239, a ninth-century Gregorian chant choirs; and the Graduale which was a key source for the fascinating – and vexed – question of editors of modern choir-books. The notating chant in the digital age. facility with which one can zoom in on a high-definition scan of such a historic Ben Whitworth manuscript is quite astonishing: go straight to it at http://manuscrit.ville- laon.fr/_app/ms/OEB/Ms239/ BISHOP BERKELEY index.html . AND MASS IN LATIN If it is the music of the medieval English Readers may be surprised to see the Sarum Use which particularly interests name of George Berkeley (1685-1753), you, then a specific resource you will Bishop in the [Anglican] Church of want to examine is the Sarum Chant Ireland, coupled with the Latin Mass. project of the Gregorian Institute of What forms this link is a remarkable Canada, which can be found at passage in his Philosophical www.sarum-chant.ca . This an edition commentaries [no. 720] c.1706-7: of music for the Divine Office, based on ‘An humble implicit faith becomes us Sarum sources. It is still work in just (where we cannot comprehend and progress; but the progress since 2006 has understand the proposition) such as a been impressively steady. For Sarum popish peasant gives to propositions he chants at Mass, you will still need to hears at Mass in Latin. This proud men refer to printed editions, e.g. Nick call blind, popish, implicit, irrational. Sandon’s Use of Salisbury – the fifth For my part I think it more irrational to volume of which covers our chosen pretend to dispute and cavil and ridicule Sunday. However the Canadian project holy mysteries…that are altogether… means that you can download, print and above our knowledge [and] out of our sing the hours for that day, including reach.’ Vespers with its beautiful Magnificat antiphon: Ego sum Alpha et O, primus et

27 Singing the English Missal

ince March 2011 much of my professional S time has been spent on matters relating to the new English translation of the Third Edition of the Missale Romanum , and I am delighted that the Editor of Latin Liturgy has invited me to write a piece, giving my thoughts on it, particularly from a musical point of view. The English publishers of the Altar singer subsequently joined me to record Missal (CTS) were keen that I should all the People’s Parts of the Mass – produce a recording of the Missal so that responses, the Ordinary of the Mass and priests and people could listen to how lots of chant for Holy Week that is the chants sound. This has now been included as well. Very quickly I realised produced, and is called And with your that I had too much music to fit on to spirit . Unlike the forerunner CD I two CDs (160 minutes) so I decided to produced in 2002 to help priests sing the offer the Prefaces as a free download for English Mass, and its Latin equivalent, priests, should they wish to listen to how Orate Fratres , which the ALL the Prefaces sound. commissioned me to produce after the The real challenge of the Missal (if it is Third Edition of the Missale Romanum to be properly understood) is that the came out in 2003, this was a much more Mass should be sung, not spoken – by considerable undertaking, simply both priest and people alike – and that because of the quantity of music the music of the Mass should be contained in the new Missal. Mgr plainchant. In other words, we should Andrew Wadsworth (Executive Director get away from the horrors of guitar/folk of ICEL) boasts that this Missal contains Mass settings and return to something more music than any other in the past – much more dignified and arguably easier and he is right! to sing - a musical Reform of the Reform. What the Missal clearly Now before I say anything else, I would indicates is that it is the Mass itself that just like to state that I think the new should foremost be sung – not the Missal is a very good thing indeed and optional ‘add-ons’ of hymns and that we should all rejoice at its arrival. extraneous songs. Therefore any criticisms I make in this article are only minor, and are made The Missal contains a ‘default’ setting of because I believe they will be of interest all the People’s Parts of the Mass – the to readers of Latin Liturgy. Ordinary of the Mass – using a mixture In March 2011, I received a copy of the of different Plainsong Mass settings and, entire Missal as a computer file and soon by and large, very successfully adapting afterwards started recording all the them to the English text. The Kyrie is priest’s part of the Mass – including full from Mass XVI, the Gloria from Mass musical settings of 99 Prefaces. Another XV and the Sanctus & Angus Dei from

28 Mass XVIII. In the Altar Missal, the importantly because it does not allow for Latin equivalent is included in all of the any lengthening of notes except above, with the exception of the Gloria. occasionally where two of the same I am not sure why the Gloria in Latin notes are tied together. This makes it should have been missed out, except that particularly awkward when producing an it is probably the most uninteresting organ accompaniment. Secondly, notes setting, mostly on just 3 notes. pertaining to a particular syllable are [Actually, I would like to be a bit squeezed together rather unnaturally and contentious here and suggest that Gloria are not particularly ‘user-friendly’ as a XV works better in English than in result. Thirdly, the only other way of Latin!] The ‘default’ setting of the showing where a note should be longer Creed is that of the Credo I chant, which is by the occasional use of a does work well in English, with an ‘quilisma’ (the squiggly plainsong alternative (Credo III) which appears in neum) although these only occur in the the Appendix. Sadly, the Latin originals priest’s part of the Mass. Unless a priest have also not been included. Although is a monk or has experience of monastic the Missal encourages the use of the singing, he would probably find this Apostles’ Creed particularly during Lent confusing and think it a typographical and Eastertide, oddly no musical setting error! An example of the quilisima may has been provided. be seen in the solemn tone mysterium It all works pretty well – perhaps the fidei: least satisfactory is the Sanctus, mainly because of the shortness of the new text which makes it difficult to settle into the chant melody – e.g. Dominus Deus Sabaoth (8 syllables) as opposed to ‘Lord God of Hosts’ (4 syllables) and Here the quilisma is the second note of elsewhere similarly. the syllable ‘mys’ and it means that the Virtually every part of the Mass may be preceding note is lengthened as well as sung, though for some reason the Missal its being a note in itself. produced for this country does not The result of this notation is that, contain a setting of the Confiteor – although it appears quite simple, it can whereas in America this is included. become unnecessarily complicated. If The first thing I had to get used to was you look at the end of the Gloria , for the rather odd music notation that the example, you will see that rather a meal Missal uses. ICEL is very proud of this has been made of the words ‘Father. and is extremely insistent that it be used. Amen.’ I got into rather a heated e-mail exchange about this with one of the officers of ICEL, who took particularly exception to my calling it a ‘hybrid’ notation, which is what it is! I have got used to it, though I still dislike it. There Although I personally like neums are three reasons why: first and most (plainsong notation), my own view has

29 always been to make the music as easy It has been fairly remarked by others that as possible for people who do not read some of the language is perhaps over- music to sing – an entirely practical complicated or archaic, particularly in approach. You will see the two Gs in some of the Collects and Prefaces, where the middle of Father could easily have a sentence can contain so many clauses, been made into a longer note – perhaps that it is easy to lose sight of its overall as a white note (blob minim). Similarly meaning. This is, however, all the more with the first two notes of the Amen, and reason to sing these parts of the Mass, as there is no indication that the two notes singing concentrates the mind on the of the syllable ‘men’ are usually meaning and slows up the process. lengthened. I recently attended a talk given by Mgr It was also disappointing to discover that Andrew Wadsworth, where he used as the only bit of more complicated an illustration the Collect for Christmas plainchant in the Missal – the Vidi Day. The Latin reads: aquam – was transcribed into the ICEL notation by someone who could not read Deus, qui humanae substantiae neums properly! This has resulted in dignitatem et mirabiliter condidisti, et several errors within this Latin chant. mirabilius reformasti, da, quaesumus, Unfortunately, when I discovered this, it nobis eius divinitatis esse consortes, was too late in the day to amend it, as qui humanitatis nostrae fieri dignatus the relevant page had already been est particeps. printed, though I am told it will The 1973 translation of this was pleasant corrected in a reprint. This is, however, enough, but rather sketchy. It read:- for choirs to sing, so the fact that it is incorrect in the Altar Missal is of little Lord God, we praise you for creating consequence, but it is a pity man, and still more for restoring him nevertheless. in Christ. Your Son shared our weakness; may we share his glory. When it comes to the translation, we should be particularly thankful. It will The new translation reads: take a while to get used to it, and some O God, who wonderfully created the will find the transition easier than others. dignity of human nature and still more I am especially delighted that at long last wonderfully restored it, grant, we the Gloria is now accurately translated. pray, that we may share in the divinity It is worth reflecting on the rationale of Christ who humbled himself to behind the new translation, which claims share in our humanity. to offer: - 1. a fuller expression of the content It is plain to the eye that the new contained in the original texts; translation is more accurate to the Latin, 2. a more obvious connection with the but it also has a lovely poetic and Scriptures which inspire so much of beautiful ring to it. our liturgy; and In fact, my only contention with the 3. a recovery of the vocabulary of our translation is the use of consubstantial in faith that will enrich our the Creed, as this does not seem to fulfil understanding of the mystery. any of the three criteria as shown above. 30 We already had a perfect translation of certainly should not be. I agree with his consubstantialem in ‘of one being with’. concern. The work of the ALL and its Consubstantial does not connect us any members is as relevant today as it has closer to the Scriptures, nor does it always been in our 42 year history – if recover a vocabulary of our faith, as we not more so. We should gently and never used this word in English except persuasively encourage parishes to adopt as a theological term and in the odd the Chant of the new Missal, whilst Anglican hymn. Still, I shall get used to constantly reminding them that the new it – I usually mutter the Credo in Latin in Missal chants are but a translation. I any case… recently demonstrated to some Primary School children how much easier it is to But how should members of the ALL sing the words “ Kyrie eleison” to the approach the new Missal, given that our Mass XVI chant than to sing ‘Lord have preference is for Mass to be celebrated mercy” and the children all agreed. in Latin? In asking me to write this article, the editor expressed his concern Out of the mouths of babes and that the sung English Mass may come to sucklings….. be regarded as an acceptable substitute for the sung Latin Mass, which it Jeremy de Satgé

Impressions of only able to get to the 5.00pm Mass, Liturgical Music in Sweden where the large congregation was predominantly young: the last Mass on n September 2011, I enjoyed a very Sunday always appeals to students! pleasant family visit to Sweden. We I On our second Sunday we were on the were there over three weekends, island of Gotland, where there was enabling us to attend Sunday Mass in simply no choice: we attended the sole three different cities. I would just like to Sunday Mass at the island’s one offer some thoughts about the liturgical Catholic church, in the walled medieval music that we heard and sang there. city of Visby. Both the deacon and the The Masses at which we assisted were priest (a convert from Lutheranism) not selected for their Latinity or fine introduced us to their wives after Mass, music; far from it. Our first Sunday was while we shared Swedish flatbread, in Stockholm, and we were staying close hallonberry jam and plums from the to the Cathedral. Anyone seeking out presbytery garden. Latin liturgy had a choice of the Our third Sunday found us in Uppsala, Extraordinary Form (celebrated, rather where the only parish (also serving as a inconveniently, only on the first Sunday University chaplaincy) has three Sunday of the month at 2.00pm in a school Masses: we went to the principal Mass at chapel, though happily advertised on the 11.00am. diocesan website) or the ‘Latin/Svenska’ Mass at 9.45am in the Cathedral – where What struck me most about all these there is also a Maronite-rite Liturgy Masses is that they were, to a greater or every Sunday afternoon. However, I was lesser degree, sung Masses. The

31 Ordinary ( Kyrie , Gloria , &c.) was sung by a few enthusiasts! The absence of an in every case – in Swedish, but to unison organ did not prevent anyone from congregational settings that were either singing. adaptations of chants from the Latin In Visby, there was at least as much Kyriale , or new compositions in a neo- singing as there would have been at a Gregorian style. Moreover, parts of the Missa cantata in the Extraordinary Mass that are rarely sung in British Form: the readings were not chanted, but parishes were sung here, and in such a as if in compensation, the bidding way that everyone seemed to take it for prayers and the Eucharistic Prayer were. granted: thus the Collect, the A small choir of four sang some simple Responsorial Psalm and Gospel motets at the offertory and communion; Acclamation, the Creed, the Sursum a schola cantorum of two (one of them corda and Preface, the doxology of the playing organ chords the while) Eucharistic Prayer, the Lord’s Prayer executed the proper Gregorian and the Dismissal were sung as a matter Communion antiphon (from the of course. Again, these were all sung in Graduale Triplex , I noticed), Swedish, to tones which were familiar interspersing it with Psalm verses sung from Gregorian Missae cantata , or in Swedish to the appropriate Psalm- which had been written to fit tone. Despite their small numbers, the comfortably alongside chant. There singers made a fine sound; but it was were, respectively, two, one, and three very much art at the service of the vernacular hymns at the Masses we liturgy, and here as elsewhere the people heard. Sweden has a fine repertoire of joined lustily in the congregational hymnody (the only example that is sung chants. by British congregations being ‘How Great Thou Art’), and most of the hymns Uppsala too had a small choir, though its we heard were nineteenth-century main functions were to lead the Swedish texts, set to rousing (Lutheran?) congregation in chanting the Mass hymn tunes from the seventeenth Ordinary and to provide descants for the century. Two of the Masses concluded hymns. There was a very able organist, with the Salve Regina , and the other who improvised in the ‘gaps’, and a ended with the Angelus (again sung in strong soprano cantor who led the Swedish, using the Gregorian tone of the Responsorial Psalm. Ave Maria – even as a non-Swedish speaker, I was able to sing along, The Diocese of Stockholm (which tentatively, by the time we got to the covers the whole of this vast country) third Ave ). has clearly developed a tradition of singing the Mass (not just at Mass), with Also notable at the Cathedral Mass was high musical standards which support the way the people joined in, largely the active participation of the people. from memory. Not many of them There was at least a little Latin at all bothered to collect a hymnal, as they these Masses, but even the Swedish knew the responses and Mass Ordinary chants could easily be picked up by by heart – though this did mean that the someone familiar with the Gregorian two vernacular hymns were sung only melodies from which they are derived.

32 Swedish Catholics are greatly helped by The Swedes, like us, have lately having a single, official music book, received the recognitio of the Holy See Cecilia (1987), which includes the sung for a new translation of the Roman Order of Mass, a Kyriale including both Missal, and to accompany it there will Latin and Swedish settings, and a be a new edition of Cecilia in 2012. I generous selection of those fine Swedish await it with great interest, and I hope hymns. All that is lacking from the book that church musicians in the is some form of sung Propers; but then ‘Anglosphere’ will notice, and will wish in the English-speaking world too we are to emulate, what has been achieved in only just beginning to see hymnals that liturgical music by the Church in include introits, &c. (e.g. the Vatican II Sweden. Hymnal and the St Michael Hymnal ). Ben Whitworth

BOOK REVIEW

William Lockhart - John Henry Newman. He was an First Fruits of the original member of Newman’s community at Littlemore, but was the Oxford Movement first to leave it to join the Catholic By Fr Nicholas Schofield Church. His action, astounding to many ne was strongly attracted to of his contemporaries, led to Newman’s this book for various reasons. resignation as vicar of St Mary the O Virgin and no doubt influenced him, two Fr Nicholas Schofield is an excellent writer. He is, incidentally, years later, to follow Lockhart out of the Westminster’s diocesan archivist, and he Anglican church. We are indebted to Fr contributes an informative weekly Schofield for capturing the atmosphere column, Nova et Vetera, to the Catholic of those stirring times, and for giving a Times . The particular attraction however useful account of the developments in was Fr William Lockhart’s vital link to Catholic history that ensued. the Church of St Etheldreda, Ely Place, that hallowed establishment on the edge As a prelude to all that, we get a clear of the City of London, between Hatton idea of Lockhart’s early years growing Garden and Smithfield, that has brought up in a prosperous and well connected inspiration to so many Catholics, family. William’s father Alexander was including members of the Association. the vicar of Hartwell in Without Fr Lockhart there would be no Buckinghamshire until his death, after such church there. which his mother moved to a fine house in Chichester. There a lasting friendship Even more significantly, Lockhart has a developed with the young Archdeacon special place in church history, assured of Chichester, Henry Manning, who by his role in the forefront of the Oxford remained in touch up to and beyond his Movement and his close association with own conversion, nine years after

33 Lockhart’s, and his eventual elevation to palace of the bishops of Ely. At the Archbishop of Westminster and auction in 1874 the chapel was secured subsequently Cardinal. The household in from under the noses of the Welsh Chichester was deeply interested in Episcopalians who stopped bidding religious matters and attracted to the thanks to a misunderstanding. Steadily High Church style of worship. Lockhart the chapel was restored for Catholic use, himself displayed a rare interest in with Mass initially celebrated in the confession and by the time he reached crypt. In 1879 the upper church was Oxford was agonising over whether it opened on the Feast of St Etheldreda and could be possible for Anglican clergy to Cardinal Manning preached at the give valid absolution. Solemn Mass. A most significant turning point was the While St Etheldreda’s thrived, Lockhart arrival in Oxford in 1842 of the Italian was obliged to spend much time in Fr Luigi Gentili, of the Institute of Rome as Procurator General of the Charity, the congregation founded by Institute of Charity. There he came into Antonio Rosmini. He had been sent on contact with Pope Pius IX and later Pope his mission a few years earlier and had Leo XIII and he worked diligently to already established the nucleus of the maintain the standing of his order, which Rosminian order in England. Leaving had been under something of a cloud behind the undoubted possibilities open thanks to the controversial philosophical to him of reaching high office in the theories of Antonio Rosmini. The attack Anglican church, Lockhart was inspired had come mainly from the Jesuits, who to join Gentili in that order, becoming were not alone in questioning his ordained as a Catholic priest in 1846. He concept of faith in God as creator being soon found himself involved in the dependent on instinct. establishment of what was to be the In England too, Lockhart had plenty to Rosminians’ considerable presence in occupy him even though he did not Leicestershire, including the foundation enjoy good health. Cardinal Manning of Ratcliffe College. Before long, used him as his right hand man in his however, he was in Westminster where great temperance project, the Total he was much in demand as a preacher Abstinence League of the Cross. Abuse and in giving missions and retreats. of alcohol was a major concern in the He was given the task of developing a later nineteenth century, and parts at parish and a centre of Rosminian activity least of the Catholic church were drawn at Kingsland in the East of London, into the anti-drink campaign. Lockhart which duly flourished, and many years was always an active writer, sometimes later was to welcome Fr Nicholas controversially, such as in his work Non Schofield as assistant priest. Lockhart Possumus which supported the temporal and his colleagues realised before long power of the Pope. He translated that their base should be closer to the Rosmini’s works into English. He even centre of London, and he heard that wrote about the liturgy, in favour of rood there it might be possible to acquire the screens for example, and he was old chapel that was the only surviving particularly interested in vestments. We part of the thirteenth century London are offered choice quotations from his 34 pamphlet The Chasuble , in which he period or aspect of Lockhart’s condemns both Pugin’s supposed remarkable career. Fr Schofield tells his 'Gothic’ style and the stiff French ‘fiddle story with admirable clarity while shape’. He urged the restoration of the including plenty of fascinating details to “really majestic and authoritative hold our interest throughout. chasuble of the Roman Pontifical” . One Edward Barrett has to say that the white ‘Lockhart set’ that survives at Ely Place seems Fr Nicholas Schofield: William perfectly normal and acceptable in the Lockhart, First Fruits of the Oxford Roman style. Movement, Gracewing, Leominster 2011 ISBN 978-0-85244-753-6 This readable work is divided neatly into Paperback 182 pp, 12 black & white chapters each devoted to a particular illustrations £ 12.99

SOME TEXTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION IV: A Partially Un-deciphered Inscription n the cloister at the former Benedictine abbey of Moissac (south-western France) I which I visited in September 2011, is found a remarkable and beautiful inscription, which dates the cloister to the year 1100. My photographs, which are reproduced here, were taken into strong sunlight, and I must apologise for the flare in the pictures.

35 It will be seen that many letters are that RRR could be Rex Regum Regnat superimposed on others or contained and FFF Fecit Feliciter Faber ; but there within them, and that some have more is no reason whatever to suppose that than one form. As is common, the letters these are the words the creator of the M and N are sometimes omitted, the inscription had in mind. Perhaps one of omissions being indicated by small our readers, though, will achieve lasting horizontal bars. The main body of the fame in scholarship by providing the text reads: authentic answer to this nine hundred year old puzzle? ANNO AB I[N]CARNATIONE CF AETERNI PRI[N]CIPIS MILLESIMO

CENTESIMO FACTU[M] EST CLAUSTRU[M] ISTUD TEMPORE Recently published book : DOM[I]NI ANSQUITILII ABBATIS Singing the Mass AMEN AN EXTREMELY USEFUL AND This may be rendered thus: ‘In the year 1100 from the incarnation of the eternal PRACTICAL book of collected Mass Lord [ Princeps perhaps with the sense of chants in both Latin and English ‘Originator’] this cloister was made, in (new translation) with this title has the time of the lord abbot Ansquitil, been published by Solesmes, at the Amen.’ [ Ansquitilius , perhaps a instigation of Christopher Barlow, an Latinised form of a Langedoc name, was Australian church musician, who indeed the abbot at that time.] deserves much credit for his However the meaning of the last four achievement. It will be fully lines: reviewed in the next edition of Latin Liturgy , but we can already VVV recommend it warmly. The price is MDM approximately 25 euros, with a 50% RRR discount for 50 copies or more. Full FFF details can be found at remains a mystery to this day. Although www.solesmes.com , and see also: an interesting suggestion has been made www.chantcafe.com/2011/11/ that the first three letters might stand for singing-mass-now-available- Vir Venerabilis Vitae , the opening words from.html . of St Gregory's life of St Benedict, there is no strong reason why they should appear in this context, unless perhaps PICTURES Ansquitil were being compared to Benedict. p5 Christopher Francis p4 Parish of St Mary Moorfields It is of course quite possible to provide p9 Mike Withers plausible explanations for these lines of p28 The MusicMakers letters. I could, for example, surmise that p35 Christopher Francis MDM might be Mariae Domini Matri ;

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37 IN S UMMER 2012 THE SEVENTH ACADEMIA LATINITATIS AESTIVA will take place from 14-25 August, at the Benedictine Study and Arts Centre, Ealing. The Latin Institute’s annual Summer School and year-round Latin instruction provides a good knowledge of the Latin language for an adequate graduate level appreciation of the liturgy in the West, based in classical culture. Students may enrol at levels from absolute Beginners, Intermediate, Advanced to Proficient. You may choose either the first or both weeks of the LA411 or LA511 courses for a total of 5 or 11 days of teaching. LATIN LANGUAGE BEGINNERS PART 1 (LA411-1) 5 days Tue 14 - Sat 18 Aug (£90). Latin Language for those who have not previously studied Latin. No credits. Tutor: D. Vowles. BEGINNERS (LA411) 11 days Tue 14 - Sat 25 Aug (19th free day) (£190). Continuation of Latin Language for those who now understand functions and times of verbs in the indicative mood. No credits. Tutor: D. Vowles. INTERMEDIATE PART 1 (LA511-1) 5 days Tue 14 - Sat 18 Aug (£90). Latin Language introducing and re-presenting the subjunctive mood. No credits. Tutor C. Rubush. INTERMEDIATE (LA511) 11 days Tue 14 - Sat 25 Aug (19th free day) (£190). Continuation of Latin Language working with the subjunctive mood. No credits. Tutor: C. Rubush. ADVANCED (LA611-1) 5 days Tues 14 - Sat 18 Aug (£90). Using the subjunctive mood to express purpose, result, indirect questions, concessive, and causal expressions; the use of the four participles and the ablative absolute. No credits, auditors only. Lecturer: D. McCarthy. ADVANCED (LA611) 11 days Tues 14 - Sat 25 Aug (19th free day) (£190). Using the subjunctive mood to express purpose, result, indirect questions, concessive, and causal expressions; the use of the four participles and the ablative absolute. No credits, auditors only. Lecturer: D. McCarthy. LATIN FOR LITURGISTS INTERMEDIATE L ATIN FOR LITURGISTS (L511) 11 days Tue 14 - Sat 25 Aug (19th free day) (£200). Preparing for Latin entrance examination at the Pontifical Institute of Liturgy, Rome, CULeuven and elsewhere. No credits. Tutor: J. Leachman. PROFICIENT L ATIN FOR LITURGISTS (L711) 11 days Tue 14 - Sat 25 Aug (19th free day) Enrol either as an IL student (£200) or as a CULeuven student for 4 ECTS graduate credits. Emphasis is given to indirect discourse, gerunds and gerundives, refinements of the subjunctive and of the language for those using Latin in postgraduate studies. Entrance assessment. Lecturer: D. McCarthy. Contact the Centre: [email protected]

The Fortescue Facsimiles 4: Transfiguration 1902 his one-page letter is the sixth in the series, and after the linguistic fireworks T of the previous one is relatively quiet, but still pretty lively (‘this thought so discourages me that I must at once say the Athanasian Creed & go to bed’) and it provides a further glimpse into Fr Fortescue’s multifarious and extraordinarily varied activities and skills. And, as so frequently, there is an amusing little dig at the Church of England: remember, Cecil Firth, the recipient, was an Anglican!

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A facsimile of this letter is not available in the website edition of Latin Liturgy .

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