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Multilateral Development Cooperation in Perspective

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Multilateral Development Cooperation in Perspective PERSPECTIVES N o . 6 June 2007 Multilateral Development Cooperation in Perspective JONNA CARLSSON Center for African Studies • Göteborgs Universitet www.africastudies.gu.se Preface The Centre for African Studies (CAS), which is part of the School of Global Studies at Göteborg University, has in recent years added international development cooperation to its sphere of teaching as well as research. A masters programme (“bredd-magister”) on African Studies with special emphasis on international development cooperation was launched in 2005/2006 and is now running for the second time in 2006/07. A guest professor has been recruited. As part of the Bologna Process the programme will be integrated in the joint masters programme of global studies from 2007/08. The second year of the programme has now successfully been completed and the second batch of students graduated in June 2007. During the period up to date it has been established that teaching materials with special relevance to Swedish and European development policies are not readily available to the extent that is required. At the same time the students have produced a number of good essays and reports within different fields. To fill the gap we at CAS have decided to produce a series of smaller publications called “Perspectives on….”. Some of them, will after an introduction to the subject by some of the teachers of CAS, include relevant articles on the subject and comments made by masters students at the Centre for African Studies at Göteborg University. Others will include more in depth original material. We plan to publish most of the material in English but might also publish some material which we have readily accessible in Swedish. The idea is to publish these Perspectives on the CAS Website and if necessary to up-date them yearly. If there is a demand we might also publish a small number of hard copies. For preparing this Perspective support has been given by the Multilateral Department of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Swedish Agency for Development Evaluation (SADEV) for which we are very grateful. Lennart Wohlgemuth Guest Professor Centre for African Studies Göteborg University Multilateral development cooperation in perspective Jonna Carlsson CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................... 4 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION – A BACKGROUND ................................... 6 1.2.1 The United Nations (UN)...................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 The Bretton Woods institutions – The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)................................................................................................ 7 1.2.3 The Regional Development Banks (RDBs) ........................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 Arguments for multilateral development cooperation ........................................................................10 1.4 ALTERNATIVE MULTILATERAL FUNDING..................................................................................................... 11 1.5 OUTLINE OF THE PAPER ............................................................................................................................... 12 2. THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 13 2.1 GENERAL ASSEMBLY .................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2 THE SECURITY COUNCIL ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.3 PEACEKEEPING............................................................................................................................................ 19 2.4 THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL (ECOSOC) .................................................................................... 20 2.5 REGIONAL COMMISSIONS............................................................................................................................ 21 2.6 SECRETARIAT.............................................................................................................................................. 21 2.7 SECRETARY GENERAL................................................................................................................................. 24 2.8 THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) ........................................................................................... 24 2.9 THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL........................................................................................................................ 25 3. UNITED NATIONS WITHIN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION - FUNDS, PROGRAMMES, SPECIALISED AGENCIES AND OTHER RELATED UN ORGANISATIONS...................................................................................................................................... 26 3.1 UN SPECIALISED AGENCIES........................................................................................................................ 26 3.2 FUNDS AND PROGRAMMES.......................................................................................................................... 27 3.3 RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTES ....................................................................................................... 28 4. UN ORGANS WITHIN THE FIELD OF DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION – SOME EXAMPLES 30 4.1 COORDINATION WITHIN THE FIELD OF DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION ......................................................... 30 4.2 EXAMPLE OF A PROGRAMME – UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) ........................... 31 4.3 UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) – A HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATION ... 34 4.4 EXAMPLE OF A SPECIALISED AGENCY – WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) ..................................... 36 4.4.1 WHO as a norm setter ........................................................................................................................ 38 4.5 EXAMPLE OF AN OFFICE UNDER THE SECRETARIAT – OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA) ............................................................................................................................................. 38 5. MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS........................................................................................... 40 5.1 THE WORLD BANK GROUP.......................................................................................................................... 40 5.1.1 Governance......................................................................................................................................... 42 5.1.2 Financing and replenishment ............................................................................................................. 42 5.2 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS .............................................................................................................. 45 5.3 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (AFDB) – AN EXAMPLE............................................................................. 46 6. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF)......................................................................................... 47 6.1 THE STRUCTURE OF THE IMF ...................................................................................................................... 47 6.2 FINANCING .................................................................................................................................................. 48 6.3 COOPERATION BETWEEN THE BRETTON WOODS INSTITUTIONS .................................................................. 49 7. SWEDEN AND MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION............................................... 51 7.1 ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SWEDISH DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION ........................................ 53 7.2 THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM AND SWEDEN............................................................................................. 54 7.2.1 Sweden and multi- bilateral development cooperation ...................................................................... 56 7.3 THE WORLD BANK GROUP AND SWEDEN ................................................................................................... 57 2 Multilateral development cooperation in perspective Jonna Carlsson 7.4 THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS AND SWEDEN .................................................................................. 58 8. THE WAY FORWARD ................................................................................................................................. 59 8.1 UN REFORM PROPOSALS – A BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ 59 8.2 GOVERNANCE OF THE UN SYSTEM.............................................................................................................
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