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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John’s Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 1 77-24,607 CASH, Annette Grant, 1943? A FRENCH-PATOIS DICTIONARY OF THE DIALECT OF UPPER ARIEGE. O/OLUMES I AND IQ The Ohio State U niversity, Ph.D., 1977 Language, lin g u istic s Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © Copyright by Annette Grant Cash 1977 A FRENCH-PATOIS DICTIONARY OF THE DIALECT OF UPPER ARIEGE Volume I DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Annette Grant Cash, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1977 Reading Committee: Approved By Hans-Erich Keller David A. G r i f f i n Charles G. S. Williams A dviser Department of Romance Languages and Literatures To ray beloved C laude and ray devoted P a re n ts 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS No dissertation is ever written without the help and advice of several people, and this work is no exception. First to be mentioned is Walter Gerster who so carefully and consistently did the linguistic field work for the dictionary. The person who very kindly gave me the manuscript, and advised, edited and corrected this dictionary for so many long hours is my mentor and friend. Dr. Hans-Erich Keller, Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures. I am forever grateful to him and have been very fortunate to have him direct this dissertation. Also sincere appreciation is extended to Dr. David A. Griffin, Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures who offered invaluable help and suggestions, as well as to Dr. Charles G. S. Williams, Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures. All of these gentlemen kindly and freely contributed moral support and encouragement as well as scholarly advice. The computer programmer who wrote the many multi-faceted programs needed to alphabetize and cross-reference the data was Thomas G. Whitney. His special knowledge and help contributed to the successful manipulation of such a large body of data. Technical problems and procedures having to do with the use of the computer were handled with extreme efficiency by Ray Montoro, Manager, Applications Analysis and Programming. The special printing problems were graciously executed and completed by J. Carroll Notestine, Director, University Systems, and James B. Randels, Director Systems Programming, University Systems. The use of the computer was funded by the College of Humanities. As always the last people to be acknowledged are the members of one's own family, but they are by no means those 1 1 1 who contributed the least. My devoted husband helped in editing and he and my loving parents have constantly offered moral and psychological support and encouragement. IV VITA May 13, 1943. , . Born - New York City, New York 1965 ...................................... B.A., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North C aro lin a 1965-1967 ...................... Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Romance Languages, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 1967 ...................................... M.A., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North C aro lin a 1968-1975 ...................... Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Romance languages and Literatures, The Ohio State U n iv e rs ity , Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major F ie ld : Romance L i n g u is tic s Studies in Italian, French and Occitan. Professor Hans-Erich Keller Studies in Spanish Linguistics and Dialectology. Professor David A. Griffin V Minor Field; Medieval Literature Studies in French Drama and Occitan Poetry. Professor Hans-Erich Keller Studies in the Spanish Epic. Professor àrtistcbolo Pardo VI ABBREVIATIONS I. Localities 11 Ascou 12 S ig u e r 13 M iglos n L* H ospitalet 15 B rades 16 L a v e la n e t 17 H ontsegur 18 L arro q u e-d * Dimes 19 Roguefixade 21 M assat 22 Saint-Lizier 23 Le P o rt 31 Castillon (proximity of Massat) 41 Capoulet-Junac (proximity of Ascou) 44 Ax (proximity of L'Hospitalet) 47 Montferrier (proximity of Montsegur) II. Grammatical (fern) fem in in e (m) masculine (adv) adverb infin infinitive pres present impar imperfect pret preterite f u t f u tu r e cond conditional sub pres present subjunctive sub impar imperfect subjunctive par pas past participle par pres present participle imper imperative 1 first person 2 second person V I 1 3 third person 4 fourth person 5 fifth person 6 sixth person III. Phonetic Symbols Thorn TH Shwa fi o indicates closed vowel f ok 9 i n d ic a te s open vowel fy ^ r e indicates long vowel kandçlo U indicates short vowel kdde U in d ic a te s palatal vowel mîidâ 2 indicates palatal c, s, or z 26k I indicates palatal 1 or n la b â B i n d ic a te s f r i c a t i v e consonant kamByâ â indicates stress k antâ IV. References (See bibliography for complete entry) AlcoverM Alcover-Moll A li A lib e rt ALG Atlas linguistique et ethnographique de la Gascogne Coro Cororainas Fahrh Fahrholz FEW Franzosisches Etymolcqisches W Srterbuch Mis M istra l Pal Palay FEW Romanisches Etymologisches W Srterbuch RLiR Eevue Linguistigue Romane V l l l TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION....................................................................................... i i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................ i i i VITA ......................................................................................................................................................... V ABBREVIATIONS.......................................... ' . vii INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 Dictionnaire ................................................................................. 6 APPENDIX A ....................................................................................................... 214 B .......................................................... 223 IX INTRODUCTION The Occitan dialects such as those of Auvergne, Provence, Languedoc and Limousin have attracted considerable scholarly attention for many years. Although less notice has been given to the smaller linguistic units within these larger designations, many of these areas too have been investigated, and such field work has provided substantial linguistic information. One of these smaller a r e a s , a p o rtio n of th e E astern Upper A riège, was investigated by Walter Gerster, a Swiss linguist. The Eastern Upper Ariège is located in the French Pyrenees at a linguistic crossroads, the speech of this region being influenced by Gascon, Catalan and Languedocian. The villages which Gerster investigated are Ascou, Capoulet-Junac, Siguer, Miglos, L*Hospitalet, Ax-les-Thermes, Prades, Lavelanet, Montsegur, Montferrier, Larroque-d'Dimes, Roguefixade, Massat, Castillon, Saint-Lizier and Le Port. They are all found to the northeast, west, northwest, southeast, east and southwest of the city of Foix. Each village has its own individual phonetic peculiarities reflecting the influence of the dialect, Gascon, Catalan, or Languedocian closest to it. For instance, Saint-Lizier, influenced by Gascon, loses intervocalic -n- as seen in Igo from Latin LUNA. Those villages in close proximity to areas speaking Catalan palatalize initial 1- as l eyt from Latin LACTE, lèvra from Latin LEPORE. Furthermore palatalizations similar to those of the dialects of the Massif Central are often indicated by Gerster in his phonetic transcription, expecially that of final %s, i.e. kikOnS 'quelque chose', klytS 'clou'. Another phonological feature of this